SKELETAL SYSTEM

This is a project about the skeletal system. Our group includes Luke, James and Charlotte. We are going to tell you about the history, problems, description, care and future of the skeletal system. We hope you learn something new.

HISTORY
There are 206 bones in the human body all of the bones names are based around Latin and Greek origins. Some philosophers and scholars named the bones like Aristotle who named the collar bone. The tibia the big bone in your leg comes from a Latin word meaning shinbone and pipe or flute. A lot of you will ask who discovered the skeletal system? Well, the skeletal system was actually discovered by multiple people over time. They helped form our knowledge of the skeletal system and they let people know about the skeletal system and all its parts. Today, we know much more about the skeletal system but we wouldnt if the founders before us didnt find out what they did. Some important people who studied the skeletal system were: Galen, a physician from 161 AD, dissected animals and drew conclusions about the weight and shape of specific bones, such as the Femur which is one of the largest bones in the body. Another person was Avicenna who gave a humorous explanation in the eleventh century about how bones were made of earth because they were cold and dry like the earth. Also there was Berengario who also drew diagrams of the human skeleton but all his drawing werent as good as the artist Leonardo da Vinci also a well-known inventor who studied the skeletal system and drew fabulous diagrams of the skeleton.

PROBLEMS
Your bones are very tough, but even tough things can get many problems. Most problems or diseases, like osteoporosis make the bone weak and easy to break. This could be because of diet and not enough calcium. Also as people get older their bones get weaker. Some things can break the bone even if you have the healthiest bones with no problems. Like a wooden pencil, bones bend under strain. But, if the pressure is too sudden, or too much, bones can break. You can
break a bone by falling off a skateboard or crashing down from the monkey bars. You may think "why do we have bones if they just get in the way and break every time I have fun?" Well, bones hold up all of the vital organs in the body. If we didnt have bones we would just be a puddle of organs and flesh and all your important innards would break under the weight of one another, AND YOU WOULD DIE!

DESCRIPTION
We have so many bones in our human bodies and the reason that we have so many and why we even have bones because if we didnt we would not we would not be able to walk ,run even stand we would just be flops of jelly. Our bones are pretty much what are holding our bodies up. When you are babies you have 305 bones but as you grow into an adult your bones fuse together and then you have 206 bones. The reason your body does this is because when you are a new born baby your bones are more cartilage than bone and as you get older that cartilage fuses together and become bones. The reason that youre funny bone feels funny when you hit it because you are hitting a very sensitive nerve called the ulnar nerve which extends from your shoulder to your hand. Did you know the thinnest bone in the human body is in your ear and is called the stirrup?
The most important bone is the skull which is inside your head the reason it is important is because it protects your brain and if we didn't have a brain are bodies wouldn't work. Here are some more bones, Ribs, Spine, Hips, Hands and Feet. The spine is important to, the spine is the scaffold which is the support of all the bones and keeps them together, it is the second most important bone in the human body. Also the spine is made up of little bones instead of one big bone. Some other systems that connect to the bones are the muscular, the digestive system and the nerves system. If people didn't have bones then we would just be a pile of skin and flesh and we wouldn't be able to move an inch. There are many layers of bones in one bone they are Compact bone, the Spongy bone and the bone Marrow which is the centre of the bone. If you think that bones are hard inside and outside but a bone is soft inside it. Bones are stronger than objects like steel and concrete but weigh less. The bones have veins on the inside and the outside of the bone that pumps the blood around to keep the bones healthy. So if we didn't have bones then our bodies wouldn't function and would not work at all and we wouldn't be able to walk or move so bones are the most important thing in your body.

CARE
Calcium helps lots of parts in the human body like your bones. It helps keeps your bones stay strong, hard and keep a good structure. During your tweens and teens is the most important time to get it into your bones because your body stores your calcium and when you get older your bones dont store the it any more so it uses the calcium you stored while you were young. But it is still important to keep putting calcium into your body when your older too.
Vitamin D helps your nerve, muscle and immune systems but it also helps your skeletal system. It helps your bones absorb the calcium. You need to have the right amount of vitamin D otherwise your bones will get diseases like osteoporosis or rickets. You can get vitamin D from egg yolks, salt water fish, liver, sunlight and pills. Although sunlight can often lead to skin cancer so only half an hour in the sun a day is recommended.

FUTURE
As humans get older our bones get weaker sometimes so weak they dont work. Scientists have been working on how to fix this. One of the ways they have thought of is bionic bones, like a bionic knee. I f your knee is too weak to work you get a bionic knee it replaces your original knee joint and allows you to walk normally and pain free. There are lots of accidents and diseases every year and peoples bones get hurt but what if we could re-grow patches of bones just like magic. In the year 1960 people discovered a protein that can help grow patches of bones back. But there were problems that werent fixed until 2005 and werent used that much until today. But what if in the future we can take this a whole step further and regrow whole entire bones. Healing a broken bone is not as easy as it looks. The first treatment that doctors use is the cast treatment. How they do this is they first have surgery if necessary on the bone and after they get a cast made of paper and plastic and wrap it around the arm and leave it until the arm has mended. Sometimes the bone cant mend itself and has to have surgery.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
<http://www.omg-facts.com/Science/Your-Funny-Bone-Is-Not-Actually-A-Bone-I/3541> 23/5/13 http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-QuickFacts/?print=1> 23/5/13

http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/curriculum/bones/pa12pdf/1202C-THO.pdf 28/5/13
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http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-02/open-space/27995066_1_bones-babies-skeleton> 29/5/13 http://news.nationalgeographic.com.au/news/2009/11/091124-origin-of-species-150-darwin-human-evolution.html> 30/5/13 http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=152&id=2523> 3/6/13

http://www.livescience.com/11381-bionic-humans-top-10-technologies.html 7/7/13

<https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bonehealth/conditioninfo/Pages/calcium.aspx> 19/6/13

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vitamind.html 7/7/13