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Approved for public release, unlimited distribution

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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agencies and their contractors; Administrative/Operational Use; MAR 1967. Other requests shall be referred to Ballistic Research Laboratoriess, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005.

AUTHORITY
ARLS/CI, 23 Sep 2005

THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 1833

"UAERODYNAMIC

CHARACTERISTICS OF

OO

THE 7.62 MM NATO AMMUNITION M-59, M-80, M-61, M-62

ME

by
Maynard J. PiddO ngton

March 1967

This document is subject to special export controls and each transmittal to foreign governmnts or foreign nationals may be made only with prior approval of Commanding Officer, U.S. Arw Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

ABIERDEEN PROVINGGROUND,:MARYL.AN

1967,

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.

The findings in this report are not to be construed as

an official Department of the Army position, unless

I a

6o designated by other authorized documents.

BALLISTIC

RESEARCH IMEMORANDUM REPORT NO.

KAiRCHi ]967

LABORATORIES 1833

AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 7.62 MM NATO AMM41U-ITIOD 1M-59, M-60, M-61, m-62

Maynard J.

Piddington

Exterior Ballistics Laboratory

This document is subject to special export controls and each transmittal to foreign governments or foreign nationals aay be made only with prior approval of Commanding Officer, U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground. Maryland

RDT&E Project No.

IP0145CIA33D

3
A

ABERDEEN

PROVING

GROUND,

MARYLANDj

..

__

LL

I 3 CR

1ESI

RC W
T

mAB0RAT0
LABORATORIR

TE

-BALLISTIC

RESEARCH

!4E-F-ANDU7,i REPORT NO.

1833

Aberdeen Proving Ground, March 1967

114d.

AERODYNAP-,IC

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 7.62 VDNATO AIIUNIUiTIONi

"1-59,

-SO, N-Cl, 1-62

UBS TRACT

Tests have been conducted in the NATO family of ammunition tracer). This report is these tests.

the Free-Flight Aerodynamic Range on -- 59 bail, -1-62A-, aaid 1.-61

(14-80 ball,

the presentation in general, in

and discussion of the data

obtained in

the projectiles exhibited adeauate The

gyroscopic and dynamic stability

the regions of probable use.

non-. racer members appear to have sufficiently similar drag properties to be adequate ballistic about 600 meters. matches, while the tracer is not a match beyond

TABLE OF COE[TEIifT Page

CT . .STF LIST O SYU9OLS i. TI. I..

... . .

..

3 7
9

..
.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IPP ODUCTION . . .

TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RESULTS
A. B. Drag

9 12

. .. ........
. . . . . . . . . .

.........................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 21

Stability

....................

.....................

C.
D.

lMagnus Moment Derivative .......

...............

... 22
. . . . 22 23

Normal Force Coefficient and Center of Pressure . . . . . .. . . .

REFERENCES

APPEr{DIX

..............................................

DISTRIBUTION LIST ................

....................

ISST OF SYiMBOLS
*iwu'bod),y diaDreter uf Prcject le q AnEgular velocity

X
C1

(Stal-

4ty factor)

14ach T,uxmue r barrel. twist

Misi

r eloc-ity

Drag

Force

C',

St+atic NMoent
0

POi

Miloment (1/2)PVWSS i CL -agnus

M q

Damping M. a

Monent

1/2)p V"S Z

Normnal NOL(1/2)p

Force V 2 Sc

Anegative C

+ C,

indicates 'hat the nmoment opposes tne argvlazr indictotes that the Magnus morment ic tr~jing to)

veLoc-Lty and a positive C,,

in the direction of' rotate the minssieles nose about the velocity vector sp~n.

71

C:.

LIST OF SYMBOLS (Continued)

CPN I I y a 6 4Mean x Center of pressure of the normal force Axial moment of inertia Transverse moment of inertia Angle of attack squared yaw Reference length (k = d

0.308 inch)

Air density

zr.-.

I.

INTRODUCTION

The adoption of the 7.62 rmmNATO infantry weapon series has led to the introduction of a new family of sn~all arms proje2ti]es: ball, the M-59 alternate ball, the tracer. ,I-b1 armor piercing, the 1i-890

and the :M-62 other apolications

In addition to their use in the infantry rifle, the U.S.

"for the

arumunition were proposed that involved more severe flight condiAir Force proolcsed the ceveliorent of a

tions; for exmnrle,

Gatling-type gun for use in light aircraft and for fighters of the century class, armrament. Frter and the U.S. ArrQi proposed several uses for helicopter

evealuation of such uses required more aero.t.arrJie data To fill t.is need,

for the projectiles than had previously been octained.

the Air Proving Ground Center at the Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, recuested that the Ballizsic Research Laboratories (Bso) u deratae srark
range tests with the four tj+es of effb'Tunition.

1i**

Applications

of the

data obtained have been reported.

BRL enlarged the basic prograf, to

insure that adequate information was obtained tc evaluate a wide s nectrup of uses. II. TEST Figure 1.

The shapes of the four tyloes of projectiles are shown in

The shapes depicted are a synthesis obtained from consideration of drawings cf the projectiles unfired projectiles. and frcom physical measurements of actual I. 'C-ical physical properties are riven in Tna-e and all but the 1.1-62

The four projectiles have the same ogival nose,

tracer have similar boattailed afterbodies (the M-62 has a rounded base). The alternate ball M-59 and the AP '.'-61 appear to be identical in general exterior contour, while the ball V-80 is about one-half caliber shorter

Theis uas done tn coipliance witk 'IIPR NR-4-17, Project Nr. 5845. Superscr-ic; nwr-bers denote references which may be found on rae 23.

A more accurate deternination of the physical dimensions should be obtained by measuring the projectiles after launch. To d0 this, the projectile should be launched at standard velocity and then recovered Without dgaoe caused by the recovery system. 9

1.259 05.767 '06

".308

-"
.297
3 0

-F/M- 59
".326
"--1.108 " 20 65.767

.175
9

3086

M-61 767

K
--

.432

L-rr
.389

1.322

-55

1!32
.05 71 --.

Figur"e 1.

Shapes and dimensions of I;ATO annmm~ition

tJ

K-

I
(I

....

Y.

'--I

'-1 11-

-2 C

4' 0

'p

*
'--I

PJ

-Ct

--

K
V.>

2
U>

C.

C>

C>

C>

C>

(A

C> ci

U> ci -,

Cu (C. 0-;

Ii .E21

2
H

"

07 '-4
-I-'

H
-

C
--C I

C>
I

-i

cc
I \j.I

t;

11

than the other two.

All types have a knurled groove at about the same

distance from the nose tip and the M-61 has a second beveled groove aft of the knurled one. Range. The projectiles were all tested in the BRL Aerodynamics
3

The M-l4 rifle was used to launch the rounds at 2850 ft per sec (standard muzzle velocity) and at velocities reduced to about 1200 ft per sec. M-80 firings were extended into the subsonic region.
.

The

Higher than normal

velocities were obtained by using a Mann barrel

but the muzzle velocity

was limited to less than 3300 ft per sec because of extensive damage to the projectile above this velocity. All data were computed in the usual manner 4 and are given in It

Table II; plots of these calculations are presented in the Appendix. is noted that the experimental data for the M-62 were obtained in the same manner as for the other three types. Photographs of each type of projectile are shown in Figures 2 through 6. Figures 5 and 6 are shadowgraph pictures of the inert M-62

and the M-62 with tracer respectively.

The difference in the nature of

the flow in the area of the wake on the two pictures should be noted. This difference in the wake flow accounts for the major decrease in drag when the tracer is burning. A slight but undetermined drag decrease can

be attributed to the thrust of the tracer.

III. A. Drag The drag force coefficient, C

RESULTS

for each round is

obtained by

fitting the time-distance data to a cubic equation by a least squares process. (At about Mach one, where the drag is changing quite rapidly,

The normal twist of ,-14 rifles is 1 turn in 12 inches and for the A I in !2 inch tuqst gun Mann barrel used it is 1 turn in 10 inches. may aZllw a slightly higher velocity before projectile damage is excessive. 12

iL

-m_

Table IT.

Sumjniry v-f

Aercdynj-nic- 'ropertiec

'1-59

Range
Rd.

(deg.)

C 0

C1 .
a

C 1

+ C H
q

C.I
pa

CN

CP
(inches
from base)

6549

2.785

4.5

.316

2.31

-5.6

.14

2.8

.760

2.19

6548 b462 6463 6490 6884

2.776 2.410 2.393

2.7 2.2 3.2 6.5 3.4 5.8

9.3

.300 .323 .322 .425 .372 .416

.536

2.36 2.48 2.41 2.50 2.58 2.57

2.67

-5.8 -6.1 -6.0 -5.3

-5.0

.13 .16 .17

.10

2.5 2.6 2.7 3.5 2.9 2.8

2.8

.800 .803 .786

.733

2.20 1 .52
1.47

1.813 1.797 1.795

1.299

1.30

.04
.15

.787
.798
.799

1 .32 1.34
1.20

(881
6903

-6.3
-4.3

.04 -. 04 -. 02 -. 06

6901 6910 6907

1.267

6.9

.482
.596

2.68 2.72 2.72

-3.0 -4.0 -2.8

2.6 2.7 2.8

.326 .820 .808

1.16

1.132
1.131

11.0
10.9

1.23
1.18

.592

13

__

Table II.

Summary Of Aerodynamic

Properties

(Continued)

M-80 Range Rd. 1 (deg.) CD DL CM CM q + CM & CM l CN CP N (inches from base) .643 .641 .634 .626 .647 .712 .626 .648 .649 .646 .658 .659 .673 .658 .689 .705
-

6547 6546 6584 6583 6158 6159 6464 6491 6492 6494 6493 6543 6542 6530 6529 6528 6528 6528 6527

2.769 2.744 2.516 2.464 2.448 2.445 2.410 1.940 1.867 1.695 1.615 1.402 1.378 1.330 1.295 1.001 .976 .954 .946

3.2 4.0 5.6 5.2 .6 .6 7.1 3.5 2.3 4.6 3.1 4.1 4.6 5.7 3.6 5.4 5.3 4.8 6.7

.297 .309 .350 .330 .290 .294 .390 .370 .356 .408 .400 .439 .446 .470 .445 .476 .394 .314 .310

1.74 1.80 1.80 1 .77 1 .81 i.79 1 .86 1.94 1 .87 1.95 1.92 1.97 1.98 2.04 2.03 2.11
--

-3.6 -3.6 -3.5 -3.3 -2.8 -4.5 -3.6 -2.8 -3.6 -4.2 -4.9 -3.3 -2.9 -2.6 -2.2 -1.5
--

-. 08 -. 04 .04 .03 -. 21 -. 19 .03 -. 08 -. 06 .08 .05 .01 -. 04 -. 03 -. 10 -. 09

--

2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4
--

3.33 3.30 2.44 2.22 2.08 2.14 2.35 2.07 2.00 1.96 1.91 1.99 1L89 1.93 1.88 1.82
-

2.44
--......

3.0

.02

2.5 ....

.737

1.70

114

Table

Hi.

Sumnnari

Of Aerodyalrn&i

Properties

(Continued)

Sr.I-80
Range Rd. M 6 (deg.) C D CI M
+ CM

CH

Crl

CP (inches from base)

6737

.637 .635

5.7 7.0 10.1 2.8 14.2 13.5 8.0

.192 .210 .284 .144 .360 .364 .266

2.11 2.14 1.73 2.13 2.02 2.05

-

2.4 .4
--

-. 30 -. 07
--

1.91
1.81

.... .... .... .. .... .... ....

b738
6740 6739 6740 6735 6736

.606
.594 .585 .565 .529

2.36
1.65 2.08

.8
--

-. 10
--

2.6
--

-. 37
--

1.97
2.18

1.74

I7

-- :

15

'
fI

i-

Table II.

Summrary Of Aerodynajr

ic

Properties

(Continued)

M-61 Range Rd. M (deg.) CD C C

+ CM

C P

CP (inches from base) .757 .821 .732 .786 .754 .769 .767 .762

6553 6552 6460 6461 6899 6882 6905 6902

2.788 2.753 2.520 2.459 1 .817 1 .725 1.387 1.309

3.3 1.0 7.8 4.2 8.6 4.9 10.0 11.7

.316 .293 .380 .340 .483 .412 .553 .608

2.24 2.24 2.34 2.45 2.59 2.48 2.62 2.53

-5.4 -4.5 -5.3 -5.8 -5.4 -6.1 -2.1 -4.0

.15 .09 .14 .14 .09 .16 -. 01 .03

2.8 2.2 3.2 2.7 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.0

2.36 2.26 1.50 1 .42 1 .27 1 .35 1.22 1.30

I6i

I1

ThIne If.

Suziarary Of Aerodynamic Proper-ties (Continued)

M -6 2
Range Rd. M CC (deg .) CM O .246 .252 .340 .336 .463 .340 .486 .560 .409 1.54 1.52 1.54 1.52 1.68 1.81 1.94 1.90 2.06 C q -6.2 -6.0 -6.0 -6.0 -6.6 -6.5 -6.7 -4.5 -4.6 + fI , &t .19 .24 .24 .20 .14 .14 -. 06 -. 20 -. 37 C e1 a 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.1 cpN (inches from base) .776 .771 .755 .755 .769 .779 .824 .808 .844 3.12 3.25 2.26 2.18 2.11. 2.00 1.83 1.82 1.79

6551 6550 6458 6459 b900 6883 6906 6904 6913

2.849 2.823 2.510 2.497 1.854 1.731 1.423 1.368 .917

1.7 2.7 4.9 4.3 7.7 7.1 5.8 9.3 12.8

I
I

17i

ItI
F-igure 2.M-9bl(M=2)

Fig-ure 3.

j.1-80 ball ('-2.8

Fiig-are

4.

-~aPC

2.8)

-~

Figure

5.

M-62 tracer (not burning) 04 = 2. 8)

Figure 6.M2 (

tra:er (burning)

it

is

necessary to divide the time-distance data i atoc t wo parts and, This was dorne on two '4-8C ro-unds.) CP is Then

compute two dregs.

reduced to zero yaw by the relationship:

A + C CL =C D2 D D 0

i omlYotie The yaw drag coefficient, C D 2' snral1bandfo

rm-

straiezht line fit of the C vs '1' data for a conztant V.ach number. ThI-is D rea-aires several data cnoints at the same Mach number wit-h varying ariounts: of yaw. Very oft'en, also, CT) 2 is non-lin~ear with yaw, due ma~nly to a

separation of flow about the body.

-By usinir the subsonic M-Qdata which

had a wide variety of yaws and by close exanination of the 7photog-raphic plates it was possible to determirne at Twhat yaw llevel t.Ic flow separated. was possible to determnire

Once the flow separation was established, it

19

CD 2 below and above that value of yaw.

CD 2 for the M-59 and

M-61

above

separation was assumed to be the same as that for the M-80. at the indicated yaw levels are listed below. (i/rad2

The values

Yaw Drag Coefficient

M-80 6.0 (0 to 8 deg)

2.7 (> 8 deg) C

M-59 and M-61

6.0 (0 to 3 deg)
2.7 (> 3 deg)

is plotted in Figures A-1 and A-2 of the Appendix as a function The curves of the M-59 and the M-80 projectiles in the for all practical purposes, identical; the drag For these three

of Mach number.

supersonic region are,

of the M-61 projectile is about 10 percent higher. projectiles,

the nose and the boattail have identical shapes; therefore,

the differences in drag are due either to body shape or to the phenomena of the flow about the projectile. ammunition is about the same, Since the drag of the two ball

the drag due to bo y length (the M-59 being On the other hand, the m-61,

about 1/2 caliber longer) is negligible.

which has the same shape as the M-59, has a 10 percent higher drag. Evidently, this is due to the extra groove in the body which pyoduces

a more highly disturbed flow.

The drag of the tracer round is much more complicated. are shown in Figure A-2. 'wc curves

These curves were obtained by close examination The data for each round were

of the time-distance data for each round. divided into several increments, observations. Figure A-3.

each containing only three timing An

Drag values were then computed for each increment.

example of such a drag computation for a single round is shown in The curve indicates a large change in drag in a relatively

short period of time (about 0.07 seconds).

operation.

This represents about 200

in full

feet of travel at standard muzzle velocity before the tracer is

The upper curve is drawn through that portion of data for

20

each round represented by the ignition phase (non-burning).

Using the a good

data at the end of the range for each round, the bottom curve is approximation of the constant burning phase.

Caution should be exercised when computing the velocity his tory of the M-62 projectile. per sec will initially Figure A-2. the gun) A round launched at a velocity of about 2850 ft have a drag which follows the upper curve in however, (about 65 feet from

When the tracer begins to burn,

the drag drops very rapidly to the bottom curve where it At this point (about 1 -

remains

until the tracer has burned out. flight time),

1/2 seconds will

the drag jumps back to the upper curve where it trajectory.

remain throughout the remaining portion of its B. Stability The overturning moment derivative, moment derivatives, C,, + C1 CM a
,

and the sum of the damping

A-h and A-5,

respectively.

, are plotted versus Mach number in Figures a 'cthing u-nusual is evident in these curves;

as one would expect, they have similar trends.

possible dynamic instability riot known whether this occurs not launched subsonically. Weak dynamic instability in of the M-80 in

An exception is

the
It is

the subsonic region.

for the other projectiles

since they were

the subsonic region would not present of the M-80, or to the the

a serious handicap to the flight characteristics other projectiles.

By the time subsonic velocities are

reached,

projectile has already traveled about 800 meters nearly zero yaw.Consequently,

and will have very distance) large

considerable time (therefore,

will be required before the yaw will have a chance to become enough to have a degrading influence on the flight behavior. Values of the gyroscopic stability factor, s,

were obtained for Figure A-6. The high 10

each round and are plotted versus Mach number in

values at about M = 2.8 were obtained by using a rifle inch twist. expected

with a 1 in

These values have been converted to those that could be with a 1 turn in 12 inches by multiplying by the

from a rifle

ratio of the twists squared.

21

kI

S----~- - --=------~~--= __ ___-------

.-

--

---

~-

-__

- ----

=--

Since the curves do not represent the in-fisght stability of the rounds, Figure A-7. an example of such a history for the M-80 is represents

history shown in

The curve

iniia factor is The initial stability its entire flight, but undergoes

1h 2.25 at 70F;

a round launched at 2850 ft per sec. throughout stblt increases thogh s inrae its growth as the round The curve is

a change in

passes through Mach 1 due to a sudden drop in shows that the gyroscopic immediately C. Magnus after launch. Moment Derivative CM , is pa All types behave roughly in stability

the drag.

will never be worse than it

The Magnus moment derivative, in Figure A-8.

plotted versus Mach number the same manner. The shortest differ

round (M-80)

has almost no moment,

while the M-59 and M-61 (which

from the M-80 by body length only) have about the same values; these
values are both larger than those higher; this moment D. for all is of the M1-80. The M-62 values are still The Magnus

probably due to the even longer body. four types goes negative

at M = 1.5 or slightly less,

Normal

Force Coefficient

and Center of Pressure C

The normal force coefficient, in

is is

plotted versus Mach number given in Figures A-10 and drag between the CN and C?

Figure A-9 and the center of pressure The cirves are well defined. i again in

A-11.

The difference in

M-59 and the M-6Also evident is

evidnce in

the difference in

the fact tnat the effect

of the tracer burning on these

two terms is

insignificant.

22

R~EIFERENCES i. Kenneth Cobb. Minigun," JV, "Gun Settings for Side Firing Aircraft 65-2, July 1965.
-

7.62

2.

CRnge," Aerydyna2iic Walter F. Braun, "The FrJ e Flight Research Laboratories Retort No. 10148, July 1958.

Ballistic

3.

Elizabeth R. Dickinson, "Physical Measurements of Projectiles," Ballistic Research Laboratories Technical Note 874, February 195h. Charles H. Murphy, "Free Flight Motion of Symmetric Missiles," July AS< Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 22.1,

4.

23

I
-

~-~

233

7..

.,.

_ ,;7

C ..

7 -

-- .-.

i, - ! 4-: ,

- r "[ :5[7;}"

" .

'

- :- '"

-.

:K

_-: --
.

-
"t-I

":

...
[

"p.

-.

%j

APPEN DI X

PLOTTED

CURVES

FOB EXPERIMENTAL DATA

525

C 0

M- 59(BALL)

.6

.3 .2 .1
0

.6
.5

M-80 (BALL)

.4

J.3

1.0

1.5

M-

2.0

2.5

3.0

It

Figure A-i.

Zero yaw drag coefficient vs mach number

_21

CD

M-61 (ARMOR PIERCING)

.3

5i

0~~
0

M-62 (TRACER) .6

.5
.4

WITHOUT TRACER

.2

.1
1.0 1.5

WITH TRACER
2.0 2.5 3.0

Figure A-2. Zero yaw drag coefficient vs mach number

28

C~I

cci
to 0

C~i

Ij

w~

co
ir

Z
OD

m0

z 0

W 0

z a.

tt)

CM 0 2.8 -M59

2.6j
2.4

2.8 2.6 2.4

M-61

2.0 rM-62

0
0

1.8

1.8

.6

1.0

1.5

2.0 M

2.5

3.0

Figure A-4. Overturning moment derivative vs mach number

30

CMq+ CMOj

M- 59

0I

-6 -40 -20 0 -6 -4 -2 0

00 -26

M0. 000
I0

L-

F0ueA5

apn~oetdrvtvsv 31

ahnme
c

6S 6

M590 M59

1 12 in. TWIST 1: 10 in.TWI.ST

2 0 6 4 2 0 6 4 M-62 Op 0--0 M-61

.........

6 4

M- 80

1.0

1.5

2.0 M

2.5

3.0

Figure A-6. Stability factor vs mach number

32

cLi,

.82

.84

ODI

clI

CMpa

M-59

=ZIP

06

101.2.2.30 .2
03

~M-s

Figure~0 A-8 anu moetdrvtvev

ahnme

CN 6 4o

M-59

-------

M-61

41
0 0

6
4
-V

M-62
-0

.6

1.0

1.5

2.0 M

2.5

3.0

Figure A-9. Normal force coefficient vs mach~ number

35
_ _ _

I._.

o
C 0-

wE

o Inu

E
C.

00

CL)
C3A

too
L-"
.1-'

u.I-

z
0.

z, .
02
It)

CQC

*1O

WN w0

zI
0
C 30-

Unclassified
Security classificstion

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA- R & D

(Socwai~y classification of ims,. body of abst,.oI an~d 1indexing annotatio., mIust be onferd when tha. o,...*1f tep.1 t. C1&8.ifJldj
I. OAIGINATtNG ACTIVITY (Cotporaf &uthof) 241. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

U."). Army Da11istic PResrearch Laboratories

Unc-lassified
MU

AlE~rdeen Proving Ground, Maryland2b

AMRPORY TITLE

AEPO0DYNAMI'_C

CdHAACTERTSTICS OF THE 7.62

ol report dand

~',-4

NATO A141UITLCN M,-59,

M.-90, 1-61,

i~-62

4. DESCRIP TIV6 MOTCS (ni,.*

Ifel"iu.I

dates)

s.

Au TIORISI

(First neims. middle M110,last. LadflSY)

Piddington, 'Mayniard J.
6.
-EP'ORT DATE 75. TOT L NO. OF PAGES

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04. ORICINATOR'S I5.PORT NUP"EIR(IS

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DISTRISUTION

*..AT9MENT

This documrent, is subj~ct to special export controls and each transmittal to foreig-n governments or foreign nationals may be made only with prior approval o'.' Cor~mmanding Officer, U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground arElaand.
11. SUPPLEMENTARY
N~OTES 12. SPONSORING MILITARV ACTIVITY

{U.S.

Army Materiel Crrommand

Wanhington, U.C.
IA. ABSTRA,:T

Tests have been conducted in the Free-Fli ght Aerodynamic Range on the N~ATO faTn"ly of ammu-nition bal rM~ ball, M,-62AP, and 14'-61 tracer). Tis-,-5_.9 report is the presentation and discuission of the data obtained in these tests. In general, the projecti les exhibited adeq~uate Q,'rcsccp1_c and dynanic st~ability in the rec-iorns of probable use. The non-tracer members appear to have sufficiently similar drag properties to be adequate ballistic matches, while tte tracer is niot a match bey"ond about 600 meters.

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Unclassif

Unclassified
Security Clegsificatlof
ad. KEY
WORDS-

LINK A
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LINK 9 WT ROLE T

LINK K OLE

C WT

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NATO Ammunition Exterior Ballistics Aerodynamic Characteristics

Unclassi fied
Secuoimtyo C~laomssitaLen~o