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Thermal Insulation Report

TECHNIULANDRESEARmBULLETIN No. 47

Thermal Insulation Repoti

Prepared

by

Panel O-28 (Ships Material)

of the Ship Technical Operations Cotittee

Publishedby The Society of Naval Architects and Marine En@neers 74 Trinity Place, New York, N.Y. 10006
December, 1963 Reprinted April, 1966 Reprinted January, 1974

~ble

of Content8

Prefncc Definitions and Swbol~ Introduction General.Notes Design Temper;ture8 Sobr Radiation Cooling Lmd Calcuktions

L 2-3 4-6 7-9 10 10-11 E-13 14 15-18 19-23 24-27

Heating Load Calculations Formlas Penn State College Test Panel No. 5 Methnd of Calculating Airs~ce Conductance ConvectIon-ConductionCoeff~cient for Heat Tra\~sfer Across an Airspce Condensation PreventIon Pgychrometric Chart Selection of Insulation Design Temperature and Mximm Temperature

28 29-34 35 36-38

Differences Between Variou8 Spces Temperature Differences Versus U Facwr6 Heat Dis6i~tlon From Personnel Values of Surface C0efficient9 ~erml Conductance of Air S~ces

39 40 41 b2-45 46 47 48-51

~ermal Resistance of Air 9paces Heat Trmefer Coefficients

,.

Conductivity or Conductance Values Values of V - No Insulation Values of U - 1 Insulation Values of U - 2 Insulation Values of U - 3 Insulation V~l!]eoof U - h Insulation 6 Insulation V~lues of U - 6 Insulation Acollstic Insulation .Vnl.ues of U - Acoustic Insulation Wood Decking Vallles of u - Wood Deck Combinations
...

52-56 57-63 &-72 73-83 W-90 91-100 101 102-103 104 105-107 108 109-119 Eo 121-126 H7 128-u9 Appendix I

Mngnesite Deck Coverings Values of U - ~gnesite Deck Coverims $Jpecial. C0n8tnction6 Values Of.U -Special C0n3truc<,lon0 C Factor8 for Various ~pes of Construction

Mar)ufacturers Performance Curves - ~eml Conductivity of ~terials Bibliography and References Appendix 11

II

,.,

,.

P~ACE

panel o-28 of Technical Program,

Society of Naval Architects and Marine ~glneers, been investigatingthe use of various Insuktion

materials, and their proper application, for the purpose of obtaining the mo9t satisfactoti comfort conditions on shipboard in the mo8t economical manner. In compili~ the data on heat transmission through the various types of constmctions as given in this Report, the corresponding U values have been based on the,latest available Information and technical data supplied by the manufactmera of the insulation and sheathing products now anilable to the industry. It is recognized that the basic k values are subject to change as result of improved manufacturing technique9 md more etienaive transmission

te9t6. It.is requested that prowsed revisions to the Text and Table9 be referred,to SN~ for preparation of future revi8ed editiong of thig Report.

D~INI~ONS

AND SY~OW _ -

The following is a list of comonly used standard terms and symbols. Special terms and s~bols used in the text are defined where used . A = Boundary area in square feet. This IS the plane boundary area, not including the surface area of the 8tiffeners. a = Specific area indicated. as = Air Space. B~ = British Thermal Unit. me quantity of heat required to raise the

temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at or near its maimm density. .Ft. /oF for

C = Themal Conductance e of structme or material, B~/~/Sq given thickness. ~is

does not include the conductance of the

surface film coefficients fp and fs. f = Total surface film coefficient = (hc + hr) B~/~/Sq.Ft fi = Inside surface film coefficient. fo = Outside surface film coefficient. fP = s~face film cOefflcient On the Plane Eide of a deck or bulkhead. fa = Surface film coefficf ent on the stiffener side of a deck or bulkhead. h = Heat transfer coefficient, B~/~/Sq.Ft ./F. ho = Overall heat transfer coefficient, BTU/~/Sq .Ft./%. hc . Heat transfer surface film coefficient by convection, BW/~/Sq.Ft hr = Heat transfer surface film coefficient by radiation, B~/~/Sq.Ft Pa k = Thermal Conductivity of mterials, B~/~/Sq.Ft./~/~one inch of thickness.) L = Length of heat flow path = total depth of 6tiffener = lerigthof web + , length of fbnge. ./~. ./%. ./F.

1 = Depth of the covered part of a stiffener.

,/ .

D~IllITIOllS ~D . .____ . . SY~M ._ q = Rate of heat transmission, B~/HR. R= r= Tf= t= Themal Resistance, I/U. Thenal Resistivity, l/C. Absolute temperature, F*renheit =. 459.60 (use 4&0). Tem~rature, F.

tm = Mean temperature, % = tf + to 2 to = Mr or surface tempenture outside of com~rtment, F.

ti = bbi ent temperature inside compartment, %. u= Overall heat trmsmiss ion, including surface film coeffIcients fp ud tu= H= 17= At d= fs, B~/HR/Sq .Ft./OF.

Heat flow up, B~/HR/Sq .Ft. /degree F. Heat flm horizontal, B~/HR/Sq .Ft. /degree F. B~/HR/Sq.Ft ./degreeF.

Heat flm d-,

= Temperature difference, degrees F. me Stefan-Mltzmann radiation conatmt = energy/area, time, (%)4

in solid angle 2 x above a plane element = 1730 x 10-4 BTU/HR/Sq.Ft./~ absolute temperature to the 4th power = .173 c= bisaivity factor accounting for the emission or absorption characteristicsof the surface for the radiation which exists. 6 6 for insulated surfaces = .~ for bare metil surfaces = .65

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning demmds

for modern @hips are

con6tantw increa91ng, and, M thout efficient themal insulation exce99ively large quantities of air for either heating or cooling would be neces9ary to maintain the prescribed habitability. me need for effective insulation is apparent. Wundariea of liting

and working swc e9 exposed to the weather or to the sea mu9t be protected from the effect9 of temperature and temperature differentials due to the weather, sea90ns, latitude, and time Of day. C0mpartment8 adjacent tO boiler and mchinery spaces, upWke9 and other spaces involved with heat producing equiwent mst valent at these gwceg. ~i9 report pre9ents a method for determination of required insulation algo be protected. from the high temperatures pre-

for sea going ships suitable for varting rates of heat transfer at different 4 temperature leve19 taking into con9ideration econow of installation, con:+ 9truction, maintenance and weight. ~ermal 9hip insulation involves the application of heat re9isting material to deckg, to the shell, and to tbe various bulkheads andpartition9 associated with the compartmentationof a ve99el. In most instances a com-

bination of materia19, hereinafter knom a9 c0n9tmcti0n9, consisting of ~nels, air 9pace9, 9heathing, deck coverlng9, and other mterials uay serve the on. me purp09e as in9ulati themal properties of 9uch con9truction9 should

be included in the determination of insulation requirements which will gatisfi the prescribed temperature d1fferential. ~is report has been compiled for use as a guide to the de9igner in

9electing satisfactory types and thicknesses of thermal insulation and constmctions for new ship de9ign, and to detemine the prevailing temperature

gradients and their resulting U-factors through the various boundaries on shiphard, under a standard code of acceptable ambient compartment temper&tures for both the co61ing and h~tings eason. Table 1 ~rnishes the designer with the ambient temperature for each t@e of compartment,with the outside design temperatures for solar radiation, tem~rature differ-

weather air and sea water, and also indicates the mximm

ente that wi11 occur between two conditions of comprtment8 . The indicated m=imm difference will, in some cases, occur during the heatl~ seaaon, in

others during the cooll~ season. In arrivl~ at economical and efficient loads for the cooli~ and h-ting plants, the maximum temperature cliff erence should be kept in mind when selecting the desired types of construction. ~perience gained from existing installations indicates that the uost satisfactory results have been obtained when the mximm mended in Wble 2 are not exceeded. Utilizi~ the basic Information in Tables 1 and 2, the designer should .$ !have no difficulty in selecting a type of construction frOM the tablea of Uvalues that will satisfy the prescribed condition. It should be noted that the rate of heat flow is inversely proportioml to the thickness of the insulation, that Is, proportionally less heat is tr~s ferred a8 the thickness of insulation increases. The rate of heat stoppage depreciates rapidly WItb insulation thicknesses of over two inches. In viw of this rapidly diminishing U-values recom.,

return It is more economical to cover stiffener webs and ftinge8 to obtain an Overall heat flow rate WIthin the limits of Table 2, rather than increase the thickness of the flat surface area insulation between the stiffeners beyond a reasonable amount. The tibles of U-values are based.on a 36 frame spacing with 61x b angle 9tiffener5. Other frame spacings ranging from 18 to b8 with proportional stiffener sizes have been included at the beginni~ of each U-value

section, frm bare steel up to and including a h lnsuhtion thickness. ~ese tables have been included to show the variable ~-factors for cliff erent frsme n~c i~s. Heat flow through the stiffeners is dependent on several factors, worst

and therefore cannot be computed as a straight-line reht ionship. me

condition, namely that of heat flow from a heated compartment to 0 weather, has been selected to shm the mximum variance that can occur. Comparisons

between these tables WI11 show that the variance is negligible for insulation thicknes eea of more than 3, me nriance, therefore, mey be neglected from

consideration for insulation thicknesses in excess of 3. tithough insubtions specific for acoustic and refrigeration space instalJ btion are treated in sepsrate reports, various types of acoustic insulation Insubti on

have been covered in thisreport in recognition of th,eirtherml value. ml

credit should be taken for the thermal properties of acoustic of deaign requirements.

insuht ion wherever it ia to,be used to avoid ppmiding

It is the objective of this presentation that the informetion given in the text and the various tables will provide the designer with sufficient information to Calcubte ~-factors for con9truction types and insulation ~terial~ not included in the Wbles of V Values.A comparison of the calculation of with actual test9 with ~ne19 having

con9truction9 similer to types #50 and *8

4 x 3 x ~ stiffeners by Penn State College is included herein for information and guidance.

One of the most important and complex problems confronting the Marine Designer involved, with design of insuhtion is to provide satisfactory ship habitability for all seasons. me various types of constmction and amount

of insulation mu9t be carefully 9elected to insure minimum beat transfer under the conditions in which the greate9t temperature difference occur considering the variable9 involved with the season9. me grsate9t temperaoccw

ture difference between one compartment and its ad,ioining space my

during the cooling 9eason, while another two adjoini~ compartments uay chow the greate9t tem~ratore difference during tbe heating season. &imm temperature differences between various 9paces are gIven in Nble the Information given in Table 1 with the mximum 1. U9ing
....: .-.

U factors containd in

Table 2, the designer should have no difficulty in selectinga satisfactory and economical type of comtmction ,,, and insulation. requirements

IF is evident that the cooling load and the beating lmd

must be baeed on the selected constmction.

The heat gain for the cooling

season and heat loss for the beati~ season, involving two sets of cOmptations, must be established. The temperature aifferences will rmge from a

minimum of 5 F in tbe cooling season to a mximum of 750 in the heating geason. Since the rate of heat transfer through stmcture varies with the temperature difference ana with the air~tion of flow, it 19 important that the correct heat transfer factors, hereinafter referrea to as V factor9, be aPPliea tO the various conditions invOlvea. In selection of V factors it 19 well to remember that heat wi11 always flow from high temperatore to low, never from low to high.

Heat is a fom

of energy which is transferred, as a re8ult of temperature

difference, by means of convection, conduction and radiation. For heat gain or heat loss calculation these three factors have been evaluated and combined into a single overall coefficient of transmittance, U, for the various t~es of construction in general use. into 4 groups as follows: 1. SURFACE ~ INSIDE AIR: ~ese coefficients evaluate the effect of heat to the alr Calculations for U factors have been divided

tras fer from 9urface temperature on one side of a boundaw

temperature on the other eide. Surface temperatu= 8.apply to cooli~ 6eason calcu~t Ions only, ae sokr radiation temperature of a deck or

bulkhead exposed to the sun, or a9 the 9ea water temperature of that prt of the shell platiog extendiog belw the designed water line. Under

these conditlon6 only C =d 2. wwm AIR w

fa are considered, fp la neglected.

INSIDE AIR: ~e9e coefficients evaluate the effect of

heat transfer thro~h the ship6stricture from in9ide com~rtment air temperatures to the out9Ide air temperature in the heating 9ea9on. and fs are applicable. For fp use 7.0 where bulkhead9 or decks exposed to weather. ~is is an average coefficient which evaluate9

effect of wind at 15 mph, spray and rain. .~ese coefficients also evaluate the effect of heat transfer from.outside temperature in the cooling season to the in9ide air temperature of such air conditioned compartments which have a weather boundary not fiubj ect to solar radiation. In the9e cases fp, C and f9 factors apply. 3. INSIDE AIR ~ SEA WA~ : ~ese c0efficient9 evaluate the effect of heat

tran9fer through the ship9 9hell plati~ from inside com~rtment temperature9 to the sea water temperature outside duri~ the heating aea90n. fs, fp and C are applicable. For fp use 37.0 for cooling 9eason and 25.O for heating 9ea90n. see reference No. 6, page 175

4.

INSIDE ~R

IliSIDE Am:

~ese coefficients evaluate the effxt of

heat transfer through decka, bulkheads and ~rtitions from one inside comprtmont to nnoLher. fp, C and fs apply.

10

DR?IGN ~~~A~ES

Design temperature of outside air and 9en water, as well a9 of the various compartment within the ship are usually given in the detail 9pecification9 for each ~rticuhr 9hip. Where they are not 9pecified, the temperatures listed

below and in Table 1 are recommended for de9ign purpo9en. C~LING SWON : Sulb mlb, 82%. Wet 2ulb

Outside air, Ventilation ........ 950F. hy 0ut9ide air, air conditioning ... 95%. my Air ~onditioned 9paces .......... 80%. (Subject to owners requirements) Sea water........................ 85F. HWTING S~ON :

Dry Wlb, 66%. Web Wlb

Outside air ................. OF. . Seawater .$................. 28% . SOM me WDIATION

effect of solar radIation on weather boundaries produce9 surface

temperature of un9haded Oreas during the cooling season as follows: Steel and aluminum decks .... 140F. Wood deck9 .................. 120F. Vertical metal boundaries ... UOF. Vertical wod boundarie9 .... llOF.

~le heat transfer re9dt ing from the9e temperature is considered only for that 1 ! eather boundary 9howing the greate9t heat gain. Solareffect on other weather boundaries 19 neglected. If a compartment hag two adjacent vertical boundaries e~oa ed to the weather, the area to be usedfor the solar radiation heat gain 16

the proJected area of the exposed boundaries represented by a di~onal plane extending between the two opposite e~osed comers of the space. Vertical boundaries common at weather deck areae and which are pe-ently ehaded by

structural overhangs, such as at open promenades, open ~ssage ways, etc., are not considered subJect to Botir radiation, and heat transmission through such boundaries should be based on an air to air concept.

COOLIN2 UM

C~ATION9

~~ARI~

Include heat gain from solar radiation. Include solar radiation for windows e~osed to the sun (both single and double glass) and add to the l~d for vertical boundaries as follms: Clear Windtis ......................160 B~/HR/Sq .Ft. gbsa Include heating effect of all ad,lacent s~ces. me cooling effect of lower

adjacent SPC es or weather boundaries ie not considered unless W e tempemtures are maintained by air conditioning equi~ent.

For heat gains

fr~ Engine and Boiler Room caairrga to adjacent epacea use caoing temperatures of 140 for horizontal boundaries and 120 for vertical boundaries. LIGH~ : Consider heat gain frcm lighting units at a rate of 3.41 B~/hr watt, plus ballast load for fluorescent lighting. Pmsom : per

Cons ider both sensible and htent heat from personnel in camputation of

heat loads for all air conditioned epaces. In ventilated compartment heat gain frm personnel la not considered since the sensible heat gain is negli-

gible at ventilation design temperatures. Ventilation design neglects latent heat because the moisture content of weather air varies such that the rehtively amll addition by personnel is on~ of academic interest. 9ee ~ble 3 for

reCO~ended heat 108s frOm per80nnel in Eir conditioned spaces.

In air

conditioned dining rooms and mess room, add 30 B~/hr sensible heat and 30 B~/hr htent heat per occuwnt and 325 B~/hr sensible heat and 675 BTW/hr latent heat for each attendant in consIderation of heat dissapation from food.

13

EQU~m: Consider heat gain from all heat producin~ equiwent, allwing for probable load factor9 of such equiwent. me load factora should take inter-

into accot sltiltaneous use of combi=tlona of equi~ent, md mittent or continuous use of equi~ent.

A..

14

H~TING ~AD Emulations

~~DARIB

: all boundarie~.

Neglect solar radiation. Include heat loss thro~h

Heat gains through boundarie6 are deducted if the higher temperatures of the ad,lacent spaces are maintained by the heating 8YBtem. For heat gaina from Machinery or Boiler Room casings to adjacent spces use 70casing temperature for both horizontal and vertical boundaries. LIGH~ : Heat.gains from lighting units are deducted from sxc e-heatlog requirements for all heated compartments excent cabins, stiteroome and toilet & shower syces. PERSONNEL: Heat gains from personnel are not considered.

Considered hat

gain from qui~ent

only in compartments where

equlpent is in continuous use during period of occupancy. For example, at galleys, bakerles and radio central.

.15

FORW~

me

heat flow through a etncture is given by the formla

H = UA (ti - to)

1 1 in which U equals ++ 1 fp c 1 and U equals 1 + c 1 r

1 fa

for air to air

(~uation 1)

for surface to air

(Equation 2)

me

and Ifs for various frame values of surface coefficients !,fp!

spacings and temperature differences are given in ~blea 4 to 7 inclusive for reference in calcukting U value9 for c0n8tncti0n types not given herein. In the interest of simplification,the following temperatures for surface resistance factors are considered ,ju9tifiable since the actual calculated value9 for any prt icular temperature dInferential of the average U value 1s within 10 per cent of the average W value given in Kbles

15 to 24 inclu9ive and since the boundary gain9 or lo8aes form only a part of the total load COOLING SEMON : fp for air to air at 100F. fs for surface to air at 100F. fs for all other conditions at 90%. mAT~G SEASON: fp for air to air at 70F. fa for inside air to weather at TOF. fs for all other conditiona at 60F.

16

Fiber glass insuhtion i9 indicated for the constructions shmn

in

Tables 15 to 24 inclu6ive unlegg otherwiee noted. The k values or C values I]sedfor the varioug materials aretaken from the manufacturer performlanc e curves ae shown in Appendlx II, or, where perfo-nc e curve8

for variable temperature, are not available, as given in Table9 8 to 14 inclu9ive for 75F. mean temperatures. In determining the U values, consideration ha9 been given to the 9election of C factors at mean temperature com~tible to the various conditions encountered in the heat transmission, 9uch as a C factor for solar radiation correspondiu to .35 BTU/~ at 135 degrees meao temyrature, while for the same congtmctlon the C factor dropg to .30 B~/~ degreee mean temperature. The U valueg given in Tables 15 to 24 inclusive are based on a 36 inch 9tiffener spciw. he to the fact that the heat conduction rate at 35

through the steel or aluminum changee rapidly with the increase or decreaae of the stiffener size and it9 conductive cro99-section area, a arbitra~

size of 6 x 4 angle bas been selected as basis for the determination of the average U nlue. For frame spaciws other than 36, as9miW cha~es in proportion to the frme 9paclog, f rme that the stiffener 9ize9 space correction factor9

are given in Table9 15 to 24 inclusive for each of the construction type9. In calculating the h=t fomulag have been u9ed: f = (hc + hr) .25 : for heat flow up .25 hC = .27 (Ats) .25 hc = .20 (A ta) fir heat flw down (~uation 6) (Muation 3) transfer through the mteria19, the followi~

hc = .38 (Ata)

(~uation 4)

for horizontal heat flow

(~uation

5)

where .30,.27, and .20 are convection constants from chapter IV Of reference 7, and A ts is the temperature difference between the inside surface and the ambient

Compartment air, =
[w] [%x+]

(~uation T)

and where r i9 the therml resistivity through the bmndary to the inside kurface,

r= [

1 _+

1
c 1

fo

~Tf + t9)4 hr =FdE ~[

(ts -ti) 1
~Tf + ti)4

100

(~uation 8)

F = Geometrical configuration emi9sivity factor for radiant exchange, dimend onless, (my be neglected for the prpose of these calculations). ts = Temperature of the inside surface. tt = Temperature of the ambient compartment air. Heat Transmission or Absorption of ex~sed ~ Insulation *rt of stiffener.

,.. ,. ,;, . . . . . . . ,. :,.:.,.;,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;:, ;, ; * I ~~:.=..ql

Figure 1

UR - u R1 (J-= .
[1

(~ution

9)

Al

18

uR=_

[1
1

Rq

Rq =
[

fp

m tanh

(~uation 11) ti 1

Rql fp [

m tanh

mt

1
(~mtion 13)

:rQl.5
lbJ

Boundary area affected by the heat transmission from stiffener, in square feet. Totil heat transmisa ion from the exposed ~rt OF/ Sq . ft. of boundary area. Total heat trmsmission from stiffener for length given (p), B~/~., if not insulated. u= R1 Heat content in covered ~rt B~/SR .
f=

of stiffener, B~/~/

of stiffener for length given (p),

Surface film conductance between stiffener surface and the ambient com~rtment air, B~/~/Se. W./%.

>

Perimeter of conduction croga-section area a - Linear length of stiffener in feet.

a= ktanh .

Conductance cross-section area of stiffener in sq. ft. Tberml conductivity of steel, B~/~/Se.FT~F/ The hyperbolic tangent. 12 inChe8 thick.

lg

PSNN. STA~ COLL~E ~T

PAN~ NO. 5

(Page 13 of Test Report) CO~ARAT~ CWATION

In the following heat transfer calculation, the same data is used as that for the panel test, namely:

1/4 Eteel pkte 2stiffener;, 4 x 3 x 1/4 angle bar 2 Fiberglas: insulation board,9# density Effective ~nel area - 48 x 48 - 16.0 ft2 Effective length of stiffener9 - 8 - 01 Horizontal heat flow, air to air - 59.TOO to 14 t - 45.7 air to air k for in9uhtion - 0.230 k for steel - 312.0 ~

:,:: :: :.. ,.,., :: ::::. :.::. Iw

::::: ,,. ,. :,:; 52 . . . . . . . . .

: :-: ~ ~:. ::

~ . . . k

For simplificationof calcuhtions, therml resistance values of mterials and surface. film coefficients have been used directly in lieu of B~/HR wherever applicable. The r for the plane 9ide surface film coefficient (O .832)has been obtained frm Table 4 as verified by Table 1 in the Naw Design kta Sheet

. D~3901-1 . Since this surface film coefficient 19 con9tant over the entire ~nel aurface and only varies with change9 in the ambient com~rtment temperame surface film coefficient on the radiat-

tures, no correction19 nece99aw.

ing or stiffener aide hwever, 18 dependent on the difference in emis9ivity between the 9teel and insulation murfaces, the ratio of steel surface to insulation 9urface, the temperature gradlent through the pnel, and the combined effect~ of convection
and radiation on the steel 9urface and on the insulation

surface. Henc& the fs h=

been pontulated for the given ambient temperature

by extrapokti on from Table 6, and then corrected by a camputation for correction of possible error to bahnce the 9um of the calcubted convection and radiation factor9. For abbrevity reaaom the calculation for correction of

possible error has not been ehmn, and the calculation hereiufter only includes the fe obtained by the equilibrium proces6 (mrked must correspond to the calculated fs (marked **) . Definitions and symb016 used are in accordance with th06e giVen on *), which

~ges 2 and 3 except where othemiee noted. The heat transmission through the insulated area and the corresponding Ifs is determined as followe: fp 59.7 ... 0.832 1/4 Stl ... 0.001 2 ins1 ... 8.700 R$ ...... 9.533 f614 ...... 0.946* R ......10.479 Correction factor for horizontal flow = 0.27 G=

0.90 59.7 (

& = 0.173 45.7 X 9.533

10.479

c ~ = 0.156 = 18.1

to =

A ts = 18.1
384 hc = 0.27(4.1)0= O.,

14.0 = 4.1
18.1 = 478.1

o + Tf, =460.
Tf2 = 460.o+

14.0 = 474.0

hc = 0.384 hr - 0.673 fs = 1.057

1/10.479=0.095 BTU/RR/FT /F.

R - 1/1.057 = 0.946 **

mere are 15.83 square feet off pkne imulated area in the ~nel.
Total tran6mi66ion for thfs are6 is then,

WI- 15.83 x 0.0(}>= 1.50k B~/~

21

me follows:

fs for the steel surface of the stiffeners is determined 89

fp 59.7 ...0.832
3.5 Stl ...0.011 Rs ....0.843 f9 140......l.003* R ......1.846

Correction factor ~or horizontal flw = 0.27 c = 0.65 Wan pth 4 = 0.173 Ed. 0.113

through steel = 0.5(4 x 3) - 3.5

t~ = 59.7A ts = 38a hc = o.27(24.a~=0.603

k5.7 x 0.8L3 = 38,8 1.84 ( b)

- lk.O . 24.a0

m,
Tf2

= 46o.o + 3a.a = 49a.a0 = 460.o+ 14.0 = 474.0

hc = 0.603 hr = 0.394 fa = 0.997 R= 1/0.997 = 1.003 **

Heat transmission through the impaling studg for the insulation board is a9 f011w9 : mere are 16 studs in the ~nel, 0.190 dia. x 2.25 long. Total crossgectional conduction area of the studs is 0.003 gquare feet. steel is 0.007. r for 2.25

r for suface film from above 19 1.003. Then

~= 0.003

1 = 0.0016 B~/RR 0 .a32+0 .007+1.003 ( 1 (Say 0.002)

the stiffeners is calculated USIX the though the stiffener is

Heat transmission thr~h

following factors: Mean heat flow pth

0.5[(4 + 3) + (3.75 + 2.75] = 6.75 = 0.562,of which 2 (0.167)

22

are covered with insulation. This leaved 4.75 mrnn flow path of exposed stiffener sub5ect to heat diooiwtion. Total linear length of stiffener

in the test aree is 8 - O with a croae-sectional conduction area of 0.167 square feet. Previously calculated fs for steel is 0.997. foot thick steel i~ 26.0. Then C for one

m=

0.997 X 8.0

26 x 0.167 )5=

(HT
t8nh &

1356
=

a = (1.356x 0.562)= 0.762 ML, = (1.356x 0.167)= 0.226

0.642
where tinh is the hyperbolic tangent

Rqt =

1.356 7.98 X 0.642 ) (

= 0.265

01265 3.773BW/m

me

if the entire stiffener was exposed to heat above would be corrected must be applied as

dissipation, However, i Ieductionfor the 2 covered prt

follows: Let ~ be tbe t temperatureof the eteel, plane aide, in way of the stiffener. Let @ 1 be t ;he heat sink from @ to the toe of the flange. Let $2 be the heat sink frm @ to the intersection of the bare steel with the insulation board. ~1 temperatures are degrees Fahrenheit.

= 59.7- !5.; x o.8~2= 39.1 . ) ~ ~6

#2=3910-(xti:!eifi)=391 - (*) 100

where ex Is the exponential finction of & and til.

23

FROM

dl

and

d2 above,

the percentage of the heat sink in the exposed ~rt

of the stiffener isfound to be 1.0 - > 9.1 () = 0.890 part of the stiffener is

Then the heat transmission from the e~sed

U3 = (0.890 x 3.773)= 3.358m/HR. Total calcuktion heat transml ssion for the ~nel is now

U1 .....1.504 U2 .....0.002
U3 .....3.558 Ut ..... . a B~/HR Calculation U = l! .85~ ~ = 0.304 ~/HR/SQ .~/F ,

Penn State College Test U m

- 0.295 B~/RR/SQ.~/F .

extraction of C from the calculated U-mlueand applying the

p~per factors, the correct U-value for any modification of Panel K can nm be readily obtained.

Tanking as an example the first test of Panel #1 in Penn Stite College Test Report, For horizontal heat flm, we have From preceding pWe, 1/0.304............................ 3.289 Less fp............................................... * .................... .T18 From Table 6, fs 14 (extrapolation) 1.679 From Table 4, rp600 ............................~.!..... 0.832 From Table 9, airs~ce .... 6f-lo0 ....................o.893 . ........... 1.000 Frm Table 4, fp ll.~(extrapolation) ........ fire.Table ~, 7/8 ~rinite 36 ........................ O.m R = 5.272 1/5 .272 - 0.190 Calculated U - Penn State College Test - 0.192

24

Method of calcubting Airspace Conductance

2 rl(fo)

Heat flw to

~r

3 %

(Airspace)

r5 r6 (fi) Figure 2 Definitions: ~1 E- Total heat tranofer acrona ai~space, B~/~. /Bq.ft./degree F.

Radiation interchange factor for,surfaces of airs~ce. Totil hemispherical ernittance of surface.

;.

Dimension across airspace in inches.

hcc - Combined coefficient of conduction and convection. Rr81 82 Tm tm Total thermal resistance of boundary. The-1 resistivities of boundary components.

Warmer surface.

- Cooler 8urface. - Mean temperature of aire~ce, degrees F. absolute. - Mean temperature of airspace, degrees F. Temperature difference acrosa alrspace, degrees F.

e-

For additional definitions used, see text and ~ges

2 - 3.

25

Method of calcukting Airspace Conductance e:

me

transfer of heat between the warner and cooler surfaces of an

airspace takes pbce not on~ by radiation, but also by a combined action of convection and conduction. me total resistance to the heat flm by

the airs~ce and its surface film factors add a definite insulation value
to

the constriction. In calcuhting the U values for the various typcn

of construction it is necessary to include the thermal resistance of the exi~ting. airspces. me heat transfer by radiation across an airspce depends on the

absolute temperatures of the surfaceE bounding the Ewce, and a radiatiOn interchange factor which tikea into account the re-radiation of the Eurfaces, their emieaivity, and the geometrical configuration of the spce. Orientation of the swce and the direction of heat flow haE no effect on the radiation. On the other hand, the combined heat trangfer by conduction and convection depends upon orientation of the apce, the direction of the heat flw, the dimension acroEE the Epece and its
u

ean temperature, and the

temperatt]redifference between the two Eurfaces. me two above deEcribed components of the total heat tranafer acroEa

the spce, work independently. ~eref ore, the total heat transfer can be expreeEed by the equation: C = ~r+ me hcc (~uation lb)

radiation Interchange ractor, E, is obtiined from the equation : E= 1 + e81 1 1 -1 52 (~uation 15)

26

me

radiation coefficient, hr, is expressed in accordance with the

Stefan - Boltzmann law, thus

~r ~ ~

10-8 (Ts14- T,24) (Tsl - T62)

(4uation 16) or

hr =

0.00686 a

3 approx.

(~uation 17)

[1 100
mere extreme accuracy is required, the more elaborate procedure given However, for the Wmse Of

in equation 4-33 of reference 6 may be wed.

calculating average U factors, the errors introduced by using the above quations are negligible. me
values

obtained from theee equations are

considered sufficient4 accurate for the ~rpose of simplicity and practical application. Reasonably accurate temperature of el and S2 in Fig. 2 are obtained by using the resIatinc e concept through the ~rious aompnents of the conetmction, thus:

td~l =

tr?+r?l t. (rl R

(~uation

18)

taa2 =

A t (rl+r2tr3+r4)
R

(SquatiOn 19)

where td = temperature drop from the heat source (to) to the eurface. A t = temperature diff;:rene e (to - ti) and r4 may be postuhted from Table 4 in Chapter 9 of reference 3. Then me t~= (to - ta) (~uation 20)

values of the coefficient for the cotiined effects of conduction

and convection,hcc, can be reed direct4 from the curvesof Fiwre 3,

me values given in the curves are for ah airspace with an arbitrarily

selected mean temperature of 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

27

me

effect of variable mean temperatures de~nd on whether the confactor in the heat transfer across 500 the hc~ ovaluea 50

ductirn or the convection 1s the prithe apace. mere

the mean temperature dIffera t~m me

should be corrected for the calcubted b. then app~:

foll~ing formuks will

For hc~

500>0.3,
(hc)tm = (hc~50) [ 1-0.001 (tm - 50)] (4uati0n 21)

For hc~500<0

.2, [ 1 + 0.0017 (tm - 50)] (~uation 22) ;

(hc~m = (hc~ 500j

In the range Of hc#500 values between O.2 and 0.3 the temperature coefficient is variable and passee through zero in value, consequently the
u

ean temperature haB insignificant effect on the hc nlue, and correction

of the hc~500 factor is not required. ~ermal conductance of .aira~cea ranging in depth from one to Eix inches have been calcubted for the various conditions encounter~ on shipboard, and their C values have been listed in mble 8. For the convenience of the deeIgner, the C values have ~rther been converted to ~erml from ~ble 9. Resistance factors, (_ 1
c

) which can be read directly

N
w

CONVECTION

- CON VUmlON

FOR

HEAT

TWNSFER

COEFFI ClENT AcR05S AN AIRSPACe.

3,00
,. 2.00 1.50

I I

I I I 1111

1A

I I I Ill= I

I I I I I Ill

I I I I I IIJ

.20

.15

.10

@g3. VEG. F./ INCH3

..

29

COND2N9ATION ~W~ION

One of the requirements for satisfactory insulation is that the thichesn and density of the insulation material mu6t be stitable to prevent condensation on the interior surfaces of the ships structure.

me factore:

foming of condensation depends on the relationship of the follming

Outside temperature. Inside surface temperature of the boundary. Insulating ability and absorption resistance of the boundary. Inside dew-point temperature and relative humidity. .

me

temperature should not be asaumed to be the sme inside aurface

ao ..

the dry bulb temperature of the mbient comwrtment air. This surface temperature is dependent upon the re8ifitance to heat flow through the boundary, the resistance of the inside surface film coefficient, and the total temperature difference between the outside air or eurface and the inside air. With the to and ti design temperatures given, the inside surface temperat{lre

can be determined by using the resistance concept previously summarized in quotations 18, 19 and 20 or by the follwing formula which is dependent on the direction of air flow, where rfi is the re8iatance of the inside 6urface film coefficient.

(NquatiOn 23) s= ti -ft: fi)

30

If the inside ourface temwratwe

(warm side) is lwer

than the

ambient compartment alr dew-point temperature, moisture will condense on the surface. Condensation may occur either in visible or invisible form. surface of insulating uterial or a Wnel properly sealed WIth Wint of hydroscopic Wterial If a is not

or an appropriate vapor barrier, condensation fast as it forms on.the surface and satudue

maY. be absorbed by the material M

thue remain unnoticed until the mterial has reached its mimum ration point. me

increase in the conductivity of the heat flow ~th

to the presence of moisture in a bounda~

compartment w i11 have a detri-

mental effect in its Insukti on value. fie absorption process will force the moisture tm~ard the colder surface of the metal structure. ,by the action of the temperature gradient, me moisture at the metal structure will

freeze when the metal surf ace temperature drops below the frost point. me most effective control of concealed condensation involves the use of types of insubtion having an effective npor warm ambient air. ~1 barier bounding directly on the

joints in the insulation and interfaces at framing

members, should be thoroughly sealed and taped to prevent thermosyphonic seepage of alr frm the heated compartment into and through the insulation

or airspace behind the barrier. me control of condensation is accomplished by providi~ sufficient

insulation to mintiin the interior gurface temperature above the prevailing dewpot temperature of the compartment, by reducing the relative humidity in the space, and by ventilation. Since the condensation depends on factors previouslY mentioned, the method or combination of methodg to overcome the problem can only be determined from a study of each individual caee.

31

Determination of the rquired Insulation thickness to prevent condensation can be accomplished as in the following example: Assume a com~rtment temperature of 70F and 50$ relative humidity and outfiide temperature of OF. me boundary consists of steel deck, air k

gpce and 3/~6krine Veneer ceiling. Heat flow up to outside air.

value of insuktion to be applied = .22. For resistance components, see Figure 2 on p%e
men 2k.

rb (inside film)

= .bw = .125 = .758 = .003 = .143 R =1.517

r5 (3/16M.V.) r4 (Air Spwe) r2 (Steel) rl (Outside film)

From ~uation 23, tS = 70 - 7

. .

x .488 1.517

= 47;5 )

From psychometric chart, 70 Fdb and 50~ R.H. = 50.5 dew point. Since the gurface temperature is lower than the dew point, condensation will occur, me use of in~ulation is therefore indicated. Since the dw

point temperature is 50.5 the allowable temperature drop in the film cannot exceed 70- 50.5= 19.5. men
~=

Atxr6 td film

(~uation 24)

= 70 X .488 = 1.75 total resistance required 19.50

1.75 - 1.517 = .233 additional resistance required. Insulation at .22 k value; R =~ 4.54 Wr inch. Since only .233

reelatance is required, 1/2 insulation will be sufficient to prevent condengatlon.

me

foregoing procedure for prevention of condeneation ham dealt vith of decks,

determination of requirements for insulation on the steel pkting

bulkheads and @hell, If the insulation is installed continuously on the plane side of the boundary, no trrntment of the stiffeners is required. If, however, the insulation is installed between the stiffeners, the stiffener surfaces may be subject to condensation due to the rapid rate of heat transfer through the metal and the temperature drop across the atiffenei surface film. One of the decidi~ factors in aetermini~ insulation requirements is the ambient air dew point temperature of the SPC e from which the surface la absorbing heat. In case of Fig. 2, the stiffeners are absorbing heat from the air apcce, and hence the first step is to determine the tm for that swce aa follova: -

m(-)
Assuming the sme insulation,we have from Muation 23 = S1
t

(~uation 25)

conditions as before, and R corrected for the added

~o - (

70(r6

+ r, +
R

r4)

= 700 - (700)(1.371)= 44,T0

3.792
and ts2 = 70
(70p + 5?

0 = 70
then ~ =

- (70)(.613) = 58.3

(ti?

= 51.50

33

With the tm of the airs~ce determined, find the A t between the npce and the outside air, and compute the surface temperature of the stiffener.

We have then a t - 51.5- 0 . 51:5 and

to= ..-

(y)

(~uation 26)

where

= the surface film conductance from the

airspace to the stiffener, horizontal heat flow,

and

RI = (r?+

r8+r1) resistance through the steel from

in which r8 is the mean heat flow Pth

the stiffener surface to the ourface of the steel pbting bounding on the outelde air.

Thus we have t, = .51.50-

[7

(51.5) (.%3) = 7.9 .863+ .013+ .143 11

From psychometric chart, with 51.5 dry bulb temperature and assuming the relative humidity of an effectlve~ sealed air spce to be 20%, we

find the dew point temperature in the space to be l~ . ~ain we find that the surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, causing a condensation problem. To correct this, either the stiffener must be covered with insulation of sufficient thickness (Muation 24), or the resistance of the celling pnel mu8t be Increaged in order to lower the dw point temperature of the airspace to a degree legs than

that of the stiffener surface.

34

Dew point temperatures for corresponding relative humidities at given Dry and Wet Mlb temperatures can be read directly from the Peychrometric Chart, Figure 4, on we

35.

It should be noted that the insulation thicknesses determined by these procedures sre rquired specifically for condensation prevention. me final selection of insulation thicknese must take this into consideration

as well as thicknesses suitable for comfort, air conditioning, ventilation, heating and control of fire.

Figure 4
PSYCHOMETRIC GliART

35

T._ IEET NO. TYPECOIL USE olv FN BTU Inn. A,ROOM LOAO. 0,ROOM SLOPE. c.REPLENISHMENT &IR. COILLOAD 01 COILSLOPE

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE29.92 MERCURf.

$.., 1-TT1T71 T-I, . . . , ,!( ,,. , 2,0 2.<
,.

ENTERING EFFECTIVE TEMP.. COILSELECTION COILSLOPE. E.T. . TONS COILLOAD. USE AT F*U. .

,,0A ,,0

dOTE: MAXIMUM FACE VCLOCITY SIZE 46 42 +3 44 45 48 FPM. a00 800 600 950 520 300

36

S~~ON

OF INS~ATION

Themal Insulation mterial of a thickness sufficient to economically offset exceaslve heat tranemiseion thr~h fortable atmosphere in living and worki~ boundaries, to provide a comspaces, to protect perishable

of Moietureon the gh~pS stores and cargo, and tO preventconaensxtion

structure, ghall be j.ngtalled generally as follows: On the inside gurfacee of those boundaries of heated apaceB which are exposed to the weather, or surfaces bounding on unheated spaces. On the inside surfaceg of those boundaries of air conditioned spaces which are ex~sed to the weather, or eurfacee bounding on non-air conditioned spaces located adjacent to or above, except gurfaces of bulkheads which are comon to machinery and boiler room cagiws and to non-air conditioned heat producing equi~ent gpaceg. On the Ingide surface of those boundaries in non-air conditioned heat producing equi~ent spaceg which are common to accommodation gpaces. Inside gurfaceg of boundaries in such heat produci~ equiment spaces which are expoged to cold weather shall be treated with anti-sweat Wint, Vermic,lltite or equal. On the inside vertical eurfaces of boiler room and machinery casi~s where exposed to accommodation and working a~ceg. On overhead eurfaceg in boiler ~oom and mchine~ posed to accommodation and worki% spaces. me spaceg where exbe installed

insulation my

either between deck beams inside of the space or in the form of an insulated deck covering on top of the gteel plating. On the overhead gurfaces in unheated space8 where bounding on heated spceg. The insulation my either be installed. between the deck beams

inside of the spce, or in the form of an insubted deck coveri~ of the steel phting. ,..

on top

For the ~rpose of Insulation, unheated spaces are consldered to . be all cargo holds, voids, and compartments havi~ tempemtures of 55 degrees or less when located over or adjacent to heated spaces, and those having tempemtures of 45 degrees or leas when located under heated spces . An industry stindard for thicknesses, t~es and densitiee of thermal insulation would be highly desirable, kt impracticable due to the dif-

ferences In compartmentation of the various types of shiy, and differfng climtic conditions at the routes and ports of call of different ships. It is obvious that a ship running the North Atlantic in winter, or desiened for hctic conditions will require considembly more Insuktion than one desiened for coastal service in the tropics. me desired thickness for .,, .

comfort insu~t ion depends not only on the temperature differences between the hot and cold aide, but also on the details of the conatmction, and whether deck covering, sheathing, ceiling, or pnelllng is to be Inntalled. Insulation denaltien a~ lW ao 1/2 to 1 pound per cubic foot can be used,

but 3 to 4 poundg per cubic foot Is more cmmon. me U. S. Coast Guard regulations j latest issue, are to be used to

define insulation typeg, dengity and congtmctions suitable to minimize fire hazardg, and to prevent the spreading of fire. me therml value Of

fire protective mterials must be taken into consideration to avoid pyramidal effectn In the ingubtion design. Congtructlon types involving wood or tigneaite deck coverings, mrinite bulkhead llningg or ceilings, Bound attenuation mterials etc. are acceptable in lieu of Insulation provided the respective U vml11e8are compatible with the insulation requlremente for the prescribed condltion.

3a

me

selection of insulation la the prerogative Of the designer or

Shlpbullder, and iS based on considerations including local contracting coste shipyard instalktion pract~ce and the insulating wlue of deck covering,

oheathlng or interior trjm. The only restriction imposed in develo~ent of an adequate design for a therwl insulatio~ installation i9 compliflnce vith the mximum V valuea listed in ~ble 2.

Ihe following requirements are to be considered in gelectjon of constmlction typeg from Tables 15 - 24 inclusive:
1.

For comfort insulation, do not exceed the mximum recommended in ~ble 2.

values

2.

Check selected typeg for condenaatlon prevention, wherq 8uch problems exj9t. Where 9tlffener8, beam9,or frame6 re~1 ire in~ulation, the insulation need not extend more than .Q inche9 on tbe web from the point of interjection with the steel plati~.

3. For fire zone insulation, u8e only approved mterials of

.. .

thicknesses and densities listed in the latest U. ,S.Coast Guard ~uipment List.

TABLE 1.
DESIGN TEMPERATURES AND TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIOUS SPACES

M~lMUM

See text Selection of Insulation

40

Table 2

Temperature dlfferenceB versuo IJ factors

me

followl ng table indicates the s~gested mximum

V values, for

each constmction detail representing the rate of heat transmission in B~/HR/SQ .FT. /F, upon wbi.chto base the Insuhtion requirements for steel decks, bulkheads, and shell within the temperature difference ranges ehown. Any type of construction other than ebown in the tables of U values, and which i~ suitable for the ~rpose intended, such 88 eecondav bulkheade and prtitions, decks with specific deck covering materials, etc., i9 acceptable, prOvided it9 U value doeg not exceed the maxim~lm indicated for the particular temperature difference in question.

Temperature differenceg: OF

Wximum

V value:

Oto 15............................. 1.75 16to 30............................. 0.37 31t0 50............................. 0.26 Over 50............................. 0.16

41

w
MAT DISSIPA~ON FROM PSRSONN~

APPLICA~ON Stateroom..................... ....... Offices............................... Lou~ea ............................... Dance Floora.......................... 1 Dinni~ Room and Mess Rooms.......... 2 Pantries.............................. ~eatera .............................. Shoppi~ Area......................... Radio Rwm and Chart Rooma........... Waiters and Mess Attendant . ..........

;SNSIBLS HSAT m/m 220 200 200 270 220 295 220 200 200 95

LAmm

mvm
180 250 300 600 330 645 180 300 250 675

~TAL ~AT mjm 400 450 500 87o 550 940 400 500 450 1000

Q=

Includes 30 B~/HR eensible heat and 30 ~/~ heat for dissi~tion from food.

btent

Heat diasimtiOn from food not included. For heat di6ai~tion from food warmers, toasters, coffee urns, etc., see Chapter 13 of Ref. 3.

Table 4 Value9 of Smface Uefficiental

PNE

SIDE ,, f~

+ k
tmp. F fp

Mrection of Neat F

1
fp
l/fp

+D

fp ~fp 0.70 1.430

.7&o .7M .6ao 600 70 1.53 .65k 1.59 .629 .606 1.70 .5aa 1.75 .571 1.al .553 120 1300 1.a7 .535 1.93 .sla
.502

1.08 .925 1.12 .a93 1.M

.

ho

1.L1

0.75 1.332 0.80 1.250 0.85 1.180 0.90 1.UO 0.95 1.050 1.00 1.00 1.05 .950 1. M 1.u .9M .87o

a63

1.20 .a32 1.2L .a06

-

I.2a .7al 1.32 .75a 1.36 .735 l.bo .715 1.&5 .69o 1.50 .66? 1.55 .6b5

900

1.20 .832 1.25 .800

Notet USE a surface coefficient of 7.0 for decks or bWead~ eqosed to the weather, te~erature range 10 F. to - 10 F. Thi~ 18 an average coefficient evaluating the effects of tid, spr~, Md rati. Use a surface coefficient of 37.0 for heat lees thm~ she~ to sea water in cooli~ seagon, and 25.O for heat loss to aea inter h heating season,

43

Values of Smface Coeffioiente:

s
SWfener aido - Heat ~OW UP t timptt te~. f

1
fe
1.8L

Frme all

9padM

301, fe ~fn

3611 f,
~fe

b2n
fe Vf o

L8*
fs Vfm

F.

~fa

3oe h@ 5.0

.5b2

1.80 .555

1.76

.569 1.72 .581 1.68 q 595

1.91 .523 1.87 .535 1.33 .5b7 1.79 1.98 .505 1.9b .5U

.550

1.75 .571

1.90 .526 ~*86 .538 1.82 .550

600 Too

2.07 .b83 2.03 .493 1.99 .5o2 1.9h q 5V 1.90

.526

2.15 .L65 2.10 .476 2.05 q h88 2.00 .500 1.96 .5~

80 900

2.23 .448 2.18 .b58 2.13 q ~7Q 2.31 .L34 2.25 .M5

2.oE ~81

203 ~92

2.20 .455 2.U

.465 2.~

.477
~63

Moo
~o

2.39 .418 2.33 .429 2.27 .~o 2.47 0405 2.L1 q JU 2.35 .~~

2*21 .452 2*M

2.29 q 437 2.23 q U8 23Q q 435

120 130 Uo

2.55 .392 2.&8 q L03 2.L2 .413 2-36 ~~

2.63 .380 2.56 .391 2.L9 .Lol 2.43 .412 23 ~ 2.71 .369 2.64 .379 2.57 .309 2.51
q

q ~22
~ 8

39 8 2~

44
Table 6 Valw9 of Sorface C0efficient9 I Stiffener side - }featFlow Ilorizontil.

s ~
f

Complt temp. OF.

Frmo

Spacing

301, fe l/f e
1.39 .719

36II fa l/f s 1.36 .736 1.k2 .705 1.50 .666 1.56 .6b0 1.61 .621 1.66 .&2 1.72 .581

b2
fa l/fa

~8!,
fe yfa

1.3b .7L5 l.bo .7s 1.~7 .680 1.53 .653 1.58 .632 1.63 .613 1.68 .595

1.32 .758 1:38 .725 1.U .695 1.50 .667 1.55 .6L5 1.60 .625 1.65 .606

1.L5 .690 1.56 .6h0 60

i

1.53 .653 1.59 .629

1.62 .618

700 80 ~oo

1.68].596 1.6h .610 l.~b .575

1.8o .555
+

1.70 .588 1.76 .569

1.861.538 1.82 .550

1.78 .562 1.8L .5b3 1.90 .526 1.97 .508 2.Q .L90

1.7L .575 1.80 .556 1.% .538 1.92 .521 1.?9 .503 A

1.70 .588 1.76 .569 1.82 .550 1.88 .532 1.9L .5U

T
1300

1.93 .519 2.00 .500 2.07 .L83 2.U .L67

1.88 .532 1.95 .513 2.02 .L95 2.09 .b79

Uo

45
Tabh Valma of SWfacO

7
~offioienti:

Stiffemr side - Heat tilr b~n. 1 1

fs
&2 h80 fa Vfa ~f e

@qlt
tiq.

Frw

Swainz

24. f. ~fa fa

30,1 Vfo f.

36. ~fn
f.

or.

30 b I
~oo

l.~ .870 1.x .832

1.25 .Mo

1.U .893 1.17 .855

1.22 .82o

1.09 .918 1.u .a76 1.19 .8L0 1.A .a06 1.29 .775 1.34 .7L6 L 38 .725 1.42 .705

1.07 .935 1.05 .953 1.12 .892 L ~ 1.17 .855 Lx 1.22 .82o L20

q 9U
.87o .832

&o 700

1.30 .770 1.35 .7bo

1.27 .788 1.32 .758

~26 .795 1.24 .8ti 1.31 .764 L28 .781

8@

Lb

.7s

1.37 .730 1.41 .7D

90

1.45 .690

L35 .7L0 L32 .758 LB .720 L% Lbo

1.44

m Uo

1.50 .668

1.L6 .685

.735

1.55 .645 I1.51 .662

L.b7.6ao ! 1.43 .7W L52 .65a ~ 1.4a .676 1.56.$L2

L52

q 7S
.695 .675

Uoo Uo

l.m

.625

1.56 .641 1.60 .625

1.65 .606

.658 L48

Mo

L?o

.588

1.65 .606

1.60 .625

1.56 .642 L52

#

.658

~e~

@nductance of ~

Syces.

Val~s given are lICI1 = BTU/HR./SQ.FT./F.

be:
tintition:

on acroeeAAr Spce I
~

11,

21,

&,,

611 0

20L Horizontal Heat Flow................. L. Heat Flow Oon ......................! L.20L

~SIDE AIR TO WTHERY

..216 ..302 ..207 ..222

1.b37 1.230

.733 .ml

Heat Fbw ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L.~3 ..317 ,.5L9 1.817 Hefizontil Heat Flow................. .98o ..120 ,.330 1.523 .80b Heat Flow Don ....................... .718 .730 .77L

.806

.992 .857

Heat Flow @ ......................... 1.068 ..261 .L70 Horizontal Heat Flow................. .995 ..061 .S8 Heat Fkw Ocwn.......................

1.691 L.M6

.535 .820 .613

I~DE @oling Sea90n:

AIR TO IM~E

AIR!

Heat Fbw ~ ......................... L.193 ..3K .&85 Mtizontal Heat Flow................. 1.172 ..186 .279 Heat Fbw Mm ....................... L.077 ,.080 .088 Heating Season: Heat Flow @ ......................... L.016 ..153 .275 Horizontal Heat Flow................. .97L ..005 .oh9 Heat Flow hm ....................... .973 .976 .979

L.652 L.L53
L. Ml

.U1 .661 .960

L.L06 L. 2ti .993

.831 .396 .8L2

@ = No Mstition

47 TABU 9
~e-1 Resistance of Air Spaces:

ValWs @ven are lR1l = l/c.

titition:

1,,

Dtiension across Air Space1 5,, 2,1 ~tt 3

61, @

SOUR

RAD~TION: .830

Horizontal Heat Flow................ Heat Flow Dom ...................... INSIDE AIR TO WT~i

.830

.822 .828

.768 .818

.696 .813

:::

.577 .908

Neat Flow ~ ........................ .907 .759 Horizontal Heat FM ................ 1.020 .093 Heat FIow Dem ...................... 1.393 1.370

.6b5 .752
1.292

.550 .656
1:2M

:;: 1.M1

.356 .502 1.U7,

IWIDE AIR TOSM WATER:

Heat Flow m ........................ .936 Horizontal Heat Flow................ 1.005 Heat Flow Dom ...................... .793 .680 .591 .L99 .39h

.9b2

.795

.692

.m

.5L9 1.630

~SIDE AIR ~ ~SIDE AIRI

OOOMnR Season: Heat Flow Op........................ Horizontal Heat Fbw ................ Heat Flow Dom ...................... Heating Seasont Heat Flow Up........................ .98L .867 .78h Horizontal Heat Flow................ 1.027 .995 .953 Heat Fbw km ...................... 1.028 1.025 1.021 :;g .612 .838 .853 .928 .760 .8L3 .926 .673 :;g .605 .688 .9o8 .530 .616 .885 .b69 .602 1.0L2

1.007

.728 .989

.5L6 .7U 1.188

@ * NO ~sdation

THwL

WNDUCTIV1rY OF COMMON WWDS I ;pecifi{ ;ravi ty re Itent o

lox
Fir, Fir, Fir, Fir, Fir, Fir, Fti, Fir, Fir, Fir, balsam, (Abieg bdgmea) .................... corkbark, (Abie9 mizonica )........ ......... lowland, white, (Abie9 grandig)............. noble, (Abie9 nobi~g )...................... red, (Abies magnifiua)...................... 9ilver, (Abiea @biUa ).................... wt]ite,(Abies concolor)..................... C0ugla9, c0a9t type......................... OOuEhs, inland empire type................. Mugh9, mountin type......................

15% 0.82 0.69 0.a7 o.ab O.a7 o.~h o.8& lob 0.96 0.9L 1.05 1.05 l.bo 1.02 0.73 1.12 l.bo 0.aa 1.W o.aa l.bo 1.35 l.bh 1.26 1.b7 1.LL 1.37 1.M 1.63 1.10 1*4O 1.L7 1.35 1.31 1.02 1.05 ;.:; .

20X 0.a5 0.73 0.91 o.a7 0.91 o.a7 0.a7 l.Oa 1.00 0.97 1.10 1.10 1.U 1.06 0.77 1.16 l.bb 0.93 1.OL 0.93 1.LL l.bo l.~a 1.32 1.55 l.~a 1.k2 1.la 1.69 1.U l.kb 1.55 1.LO 1.36 1.W 1.10 0.97 1.10

.3L .28 .31 .35 .37 .35 .35 .L5 .hl .ho .b6 .L6 .62 .bb .30 .49 .62 .38 .h3 .38 .62 .60 .& .56 .66 .6b .61 .50 .73 .L8 .62 .ti .60 .58 .LL .b6 .bo .b6

0.77 0.66 0.83 0.79 0.63 0.79 0.19 0.98 0.91 0.89 1.00 1.00 1.33 0.96 0.70 1.06 1.33 0.85 0.95 0.85 1.33 1.29 1.37 1.20 1.42 1.37 1.31 1.08 1.56 lob 1.33 1.b2 1.29 1.25 0.96 1.00 0.89 1.00

Omwood, black (Ny99a sylvatice) ................. Owwood, tupelo, (Nyeea aquatic)................ Omood, blue, (Eucawtue glob~ua) ............. Ommd, rod, (Uqtidmbar 9tyractilua ).......... Oumbo, Umbo, (Bur9era gi~uba) ................. Hackberry, (Celtis occidenta~e )........ ......... Haw, pem, (Cratiegu9 t0mento9a) .............0... Hemlock, ea9tern, (Tau&a canadengis)............. Hedock, muntdn, (T9uga merten9iana)........... Hedock, wegtern, (Tguga heterophylb )........... Hickory, bigleaf, (Iticoria lacifioga) ............ Mckory, bitternut, (Mcorla cortifor~g )........ Hickory, mckernut, (Wcoria ala)............... Wckory, nutmeg, (Mcoria Wrieticaefotig )...... lUckory, pignut, (Wcoria glabra)................ ~ckory, 9hagbwk, (ticoria ova~) ............... Wckory, water, (Mcoria aquatica)............... Hol~, (Ilexopca) .............................. Inkwood, (hothea panicdati) .................... brch, wegtern, (kix occidenta~s )............. hurel, muntiin, (KaMa htifolia )............. kcuet, bhck, (hbinia peeudocacia)............. bcu9t; honey; (Cletitain triacanthog).... . . . . . . Madrona, (Arbutus manziesil).............. . . . . . . Magnolia, cucmber, (Magnolia ac~nata ).. . . . . . . MagnoMa, evergreen, (Magno~a grantiflora . . . . . . Magnoti, muntdn, (Magnolia fraaeri).... . . . . . . ktiog~, (Swieteti a.)................. .......

THLWL

CUNDUCrlVITY OF ~FU>lON W~DS : >ecif ic ratityI Ilk orkloiature Intentc 10% 204 15b 1.30 l.zh 1.18 1.22 1.27 1.16 l.la 1.U 1.08 l.Oa lob 0.98 0.81 0.76 0.7L 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.30 1.2& 1.18

A9h, white, (Fr=inu9 ~ericana) ................ Ash, white, (Frdnu8 BP.) ...................... Ash, Oregon, (Fr=in~ Oregon)............. ..... Ash, black, (Fradnug nigra)..................... Ba9swood, merican, (TiMa ghbra )............... ~ech, american, (Fagm grandifotia)............. Birch, yellow, (Betda lutes).............. . ..... Birch, gray, (Betti pop~ifo~a) ................ Birch, paper, (Betfia papyrifera)................ Birch, sweet, (Betti lenti)..................... Birch, Ala9ka, (Beth daskana) ................. Blackgum, (Nys9a 9ylvatlu) ...................... Blackwood, (Adcemia nitida).................... Buckeye, yellow, (Aescdu9 octin~a).. ........... Butternut, (Jugbns cinerea)..................... Buttonwood, Florida, (Conocarpua erects)......... Cagcaa, (Wwm purshima) ..................... Catilpa, (Catolpa gpecioga) ...................... Cedar, white, northern, (muja occiden~~s )..... Cedar, red, ea9tern, (Juniperue virginiana) ...... Cedar, red, wegtern, (Thuja pMcate) ............. udar, white, gouthern, (Chmecyperis thyoides). Cedw, Port Orford, (Ch-ecyparie lawsotim)... @&r, ~aska, (hecyxris nootkatengis)...... Cedar, incense, (Hbocedrw decurrene)........... Cherry, black (Prunue serotina) ................. Cherry, pin, {Prunue pennsylvanica) .............. Chestnut, (Castenea dentate)..................... ~ttinwood, black, (Poptiu9 trichocarpe) ......... Cottonwood, eastern, (POP~U6 deltiidea).......... Cypres9, aontbern, (Tmodium diatichm).. ........ Oegwood, fhwering, (Cornue Florida)............. Mgwood, Pacific, (timm nuttiUll) .............. muglas Mr, coagt, (Pseudotguga t=ifo~a )...... Mugka Fir, Inlmd, (Peaudotguga ttiolia) .... 1bugla9 Fir, M.untain (Pseudo tauga ttifolia) .... I;lder, blueberry,(Sambucu9 coerulea)............. . -, merican, (U~u9 Americana) ................. Eh, rock, (Utie racemsa )........ .............. Eh, a~ppery, (Ulmu9 f~va) ..................... Fir, alpine, (Abiea laeiocerpa) ..................

.55 .5L .50 .&s .32 .56 .55 .h5 .L8 .60 .b9 .L6 .83 .33 .36 .69 .50 .38 .29 .M .31 .31 .ko .b2 .35 .h7 .36 .Lo .32 .37 .L2 .4 .58 .b5 .kl .Lo .L6 :$ .L8 .31

0.9a lob 1.29 1.06 l.m 1.79 0.76 0.al l.ba l.Oa O.a5 o.6a 0.96 0.72 0.72 0.a9 0.93 0.79 1.02 o.al O.a9 o.7k 0.a3 0.93 1.37 1.25 0.90 0.91 0.a9 1.00 l.m 1.22 lob 0.72

lob 1.10 1.35 1.12 1.05 1.a6 0.79 o.a6 l.sb 1.u o.aa 0.72 1.02 0.7h o.7h 0.9L 0.9a o.& l.Oa o.a6 0.9L 0.76 0.a7 0.9a 1.M 1.31 lob 0.96 :.:; 1:05 1.28 1.10 0.74

l.oa 1.U 1.LO 1.M 1.M 1.92 0.a3 0.a9 1.60 l.la 0.93 0.75 1.06 0.79 0.79 0.97 1.02 0.a7 1.12 0.a9 0.97 0.al 0.91 1.02 l.ba 1.36 l.Oa 1.00 0.97 1.10 :$ 1.M 0.79

50

Table M

;pecflic
lratity i

10%
Maple, bigleaf, (Acer mcrophyllm ).............. Maple, black,(Acer nigrm) ....................... Maple, red, (Acerrubm) ........................ ttiple,silve~, (Acer 9accbinm) ................ Maple, 9triped, (Acer penn9ylvaficm). ........... Maple, 9~ar, (Acer saccham) ...................

20$

.Lh
.52 .L9 .ll& :;;

0.96 1.12 1.06 0.96 0.96 1.22

1.02 1.18 1.12 1.02 1.02 1.28

1.06 1.23 1.16 1.06 1.06 1.3 1.32 1.36 1.21 1.63 1.3h 1.32 1.86 1.48 1.36 1.LO 1.32 l.kb l.bh 1.23 l.bz 1.LO 1.L8 1.32 l.&o 1.32 0.95 0.91 0.91 1.18 0.93 1.30 1.16 0.85 1.06 1.08 1.18 1.08 1.16 1.L8 0.87 0.89 0.93

oak,

~lack, (Quercue velutina).................... 1

our, (Quercue mcrocarpa) .................. Oak, I Oak, (;aliforniablack;(Quercue kelloggii)........ Oak, :anyon Uve, (Quercue chryeolepie) .......... oak, :hegtnut, (@ercue rent- )................ oak, lawel, (Quercue laurifo~a) ................ oak, Uve, (Quercue tireinlana).................. oak, (lreeon whiti, (@ercue garryana)............ ?in, (Quercue palustris)........... ..... . . . . O&, 1 Oek, ~st, (Quercue 9telhta )................ . . . . red, (Quercus borealie)........ ......... . . . . Oak, 1 Iocky Mountain White,(Quercue utahensia . . . . oak, I scarlet, (Quercue coccinea)............. . . . . oak, 1 oak, southern red,(Quercu9 rubra)........... . . . . 3wmp red, (Quercw rubra~godaefo~a) ...... oak, 1 3wamp che9tnut, (Quercu9 prinue)............. Oak, I 3wamp white, (@ercua bicolor).............. oak ,1 Jater, (Quercue tiara).........,.. ........... oak, 1 1 ~~te, ( @ercue ala)............. ......... oak, 1 oak, tillow, (@ercue phe~oa )....................

.56 .58 .51 .70 .57 .56 .81 .a .58 .60 .56 .62 .62 .52 .61 q 6O .6L .56 .6o .56 .39 .37 .37 .50 .38 .55 .h9 .3L .Lh .&5 .50 .L5 .L9 .6L .35 .36 .38

1.20 1.25 1.10 1.50 1.22 1.20 1.75 1.37 1.25 1.29 1.20 1.33 1.33 1.12 1.31 1.29 1.37 1.20 1.29 1.20 0.87 0.83 0.83 1.08 0.85 1.18 1.06 0.77 0.96 0.98 1.08 0.98 1.06 1.37 0.79 0.81 0.85

1.26 1.31 1.16 1.56 1.28 1.26 1.81 1.4L 1.31 1.35 1.26 1.ho 1.LO 1.18 1.37 1.35 1.4L 1.26 1.35 1.26 0.92 0.87 0.87 1.N 0.88 1.2L 1.12 0.82 1.02 1.Ob 1.u 1.OL 1.12 l.Lb 0.8L 0.86 0.88

Hne, jack, (Pin~ bankeiana) ....................

Pine, Mne, Mne, Hno, Pine, Hne, Mne, Pine, ~ne, ~ne, fine, Hne,, Mne, Mne, Hne, 14ne, Jeffrey, (Mnua jeffreyi) .................. umber, (Mnus fleti~e) ................... loblo~y, (Mnus tied).................... lodeepole, (Pinu9 contirti)................ bnglmf, (Mnu9 paluetris). . ............... muntain, (Mnue puneene).................. northern white, (Mnu9 strobua)............ Norwayl (Mnua resino9a)................... pitch, (Mnw rigid)................ ...... pond, (Pinue rieida 9erotina) .............. ..................... sand, (Hnus ectinata) ehortleof, (Pinue echinata)................ gkh, (PInug caribaea).................... eugar, (Pinue ti[bertiana) ................. weetern white, (Ianue monticob) ........... western yellow, (Pinue ponderoea )..........

pec~il ratity
,,

Ilk n )r Moisture Dx
ltent w

Popkr, balsam,(Popdue balsatifera).. ............. Popbr, ye~ow, (Pop~u liriodendron tdlpifera ).. Redwood, (Seqtiia sempefirena ).................... Rhododentin, great, (~ododendron _um) ........ Spruce, b~ck, (Mcea Diana )..................... Spruce, Mgeknn (Mcea engek~i) .............. Spruce, red, (Mcea rubra)......................... Spruce, Sitka, (Hcea sitchenais).................. Spruce, white, (Hcea ghua) ...................... Sycmre, (Phtanu occidentals ).................. Tuack, (Mfi laricina)......................... Teak, (Tektcna grants)............................ Walnut, bhck, (J~lans tiara)..................... Walnut, Mttle, (Jughns rupestrls)................ WIUOW, bbck, (Salti tiara)....................... Wi~ow, western bbck, (Salk lasiandra)........... Witch Haael (-eMe tirgitiana)................. Xew, Pacifio, (Tw brevifolia) ...................

.30 .38 .hi .50 .38 .31 .38 .37 .37 .b6 .L9 .58 .51 .53 .3b .39 .56

0.70 0.85 0.91 1.08 0.85 0.72 0.85 0.83 0.83 1.00 1.06 1.25 1.M l.ti 0.77 0.87 1.20 1.29

0.73 0.88 0.96 1.U 0.88 0.7L 0.88 0.87 0.87 1.05 1.12 1.31 1.M 1.20 0.82 0.92 1.26 1.35

0.77 0.93 1.W 1.18 0.93 0.79 0.93 0.91 0.91 1.M 1.16 1.36 1.21 1.25 0.85 0.95 1.32 1.LO

Note No. 1.

The average specific gratity listed in the first colm is baeedon To ob~n the weight in b which is pounds per cubic foot, mdtip~ the qpecif ic gravity by 62. the weightof water in pounds ~r cubic foot.

volme when green, and weight when even ~.

Note No. 2:

Theabove the-l conductivity coefficient have been derived from inforwtion contdned in U. S. Fore9tProduots kboratory, hdiaon, Wis., Tecl.llcal N0tu9 No. 218 and 2h8.

52

gblq 11.

@nductitity or Conductance of Institing titerial. Values are givenat 75F mean temperate.

Wterfil:

SFbol

Nkal

nC*

Acouatio Ins@tion

Board (Oektex) ...............

Ml.

.3L0

Bacite@ld Set Insulation Cement,38............. BXSpintex, 6# Bhnket Instition ................. Oelotex AceuetlcBoard ............................ Wllufoem, (haofite) ............................. Oement,In9&ting, SUPER-66 . ................... kment, Institlng, SUPER-~ 8, &# ............... @rk Pdnt, Grantitid, 8#........................ .............. ................*. Foamghs8, Ilpcll, Foamthane, (Wgid Pow-Urethane) .................. Fibergha Board,b.25# ............................ Fiberghs Board,9#............................... FibergMss Blanket,PF-334 ........................ Fiberglass BMet, PF-336 ........................ Fiberghgg, Ultralite Bhnket, 0.75# .............. Fiberghge, ~tralite Bhtiet, 1.001 .............. Fiberghes, ~tralite Bhnket, 1.50# .............. Fiberghgg, ~tralite Bhnket, 2.00 if .............. Fiberghga Bhnket, Mcrolite, %305 .............. Fiberghgs BHet, UtraMte, 3.00# ..............

~G Bx ml. cm :-$ OKCK mu FTSW FR~~ FS9 FGo.5 F~l FGO.75 FGL? ;~;i5{l B-305 FG3#

.350 .40 .3ko .260 .L90 .Mo 1.m .395 .170 .*O .230 .30 .2h5 .295 .275 .255 .40 .2h .225

tiir Felt,U-131 .................................

.20 .375 .510 .600 .235 .&o :%

KayloB1o*, (85% OaloiumSiMcate)............... KAYM Mgnegia Block (85% Oarbonate of Magneala) ....... MONO-B~W, 18-20},FeltedNochool.............. finaralwoolBhnket, 8#......................... . Mneral Wool Bhnket, 6#......................... ~neral wool Bhnket tfL8tt, 8#.................... Mneral WOO1 BWet, l!h8!t, 6#.................... mK MOWS Nw-8# w-6# Nw-b8-8 m-L&6

~MPAN,

(Xnded

Mustyrene) .................

pm

.240

53 Table 11. Oonductitity or Conductance of fistitlne Material Valws are giwn at 75F mean tem~ratue.

Wteria18 NOCWO1 BWet, NO&wool Btiet,

Sflbol:

Nkfi .235 .&o

Ctt

8#.............................. W8 6}.............................. -6

Spintex,BX, 6#.................................. Spray hpt, (Asbeston ~ber), 12#.............. Stpfom ........................................

Bx SPL STXN

.tio :;;

THW (Mold UreMne Fore) .................... THUN ~emobestos Blo& ................................ THW

.170 .325

~TWNg

(M@d

Fom) ............................. ~TH

.170

Vedctite

Vetictite (~nded Wa), 50ff aggregate ....... A~regate Spr~ (Mea) ...............

~ w-w WA

l.mo 1.700 .ao .s7

VULTAFW (Pou-Urethne) ~2 sprayed ............ VULWOAN (~v-Urat@e) CC13Fsprwed..........

NO~I Valuesgivenfor any eprqed p~stias are for aged cotittin.

54 Table12.
tinductltity or Conductance of Panels and Boards.

Valwe are givenat 75F mean timperatme.

Materialt

S*O1

,,kll

ncm

A9besto9-@ment Board (APACE)..................... APAC Aebestos-Cement Sheet, 3/88s(123iY) ................ AG123 A9beetoa Sheet, b8.3#............................. M-48

h.~ --.W

7.20

OA~YSTO~ Wallboard, 3/16N...................... M~YSTO~ Sheathing Agbestos bard, 3/16.. . ..... CEmTEX, Acouetic Panel.......................... tirkboard, 7#.................................... Urkboard, ~# ...................................

m WA Ml CM7 Cmu

------.340 .270 .3L0

21.bo 21.LO

Unabegtog Board.................................

UB

b.000

) 7/8~* panel.. Mm ~rine Board,60-P (Ni~n Asbegtoa MBMO tiiw Board,WP (Nipwn Agbes~e) 7/8 Pael. tiinite 23$,7/8 panel ......................... ~nite 36}, 7/8 pail ......................... tiitite 65,Y, 7/81 pail ......................... brim wine veneer,3/16npanel ....................... Veneer,perforated ~ound,3/16qpanel ..... M-23 M-36 M-65

.7X 1. LOO .550 .76o 1.500

.8ti 1.600 .628 .868 1.718 8.OW 10.030

1.500 M.V. P.M.V. 1.880 WP Mtp Mds Mpw l. boo 1.500 1.850 .78o

tiwtite, StindardPregt~od..................... haotite, Tempered Pregtwood ..................... w90tite, Preetwood, Die Stick ................... hgonite, Panelmod..............................

,,.

P~ood, ~whs

U,

Pres9ure treated ...........

Plwd

.78o

55
~

Oonduotivity or Conductiveof Deck Oovering Matefib I

Vduoa are givenat 75F mean bprat Wtiriall nkll

8 Ga

OOWLWn W@eaita ............... . ................ ~nvae, aet in badand paintad ................... D=-&~, D~-G~, ~h Subcoten... ..................... Terrazzo (Mtex-matio)................

a WV Dxm T%O Pm m ma H7K Mo STX nom HOD3 WI TIU

1.8& ---1.3s0 6.3S0 2.000 -..

1.250

Fiberghae tinete, 65%, tnwebd-on .............

.>

Uobm,

SettbaMp Gray,~~ ...................

1.-

~gneeite, Regti Soratah .....(Selby# 9@Wl)... ~gneeite, Matited Scratch... (Selby# 92-0~)..o ~meei~, Wom~~On ........(Selby # 7K) ....... Mgneaite, Hard mat ...........( Salby # WO02)..4 ~gneeiti, Selbatex Rerd Top...................... ~~bond @, ~b bondingmedia .................. mgnabond #3, w bon~nsme~.................~ mTsx ...........................................

5.m 1.880 .700 6.m 6.~ 1.3s0 L.bm

4.4M
12.000

Tib. .. . .. ..o.....................................

Mm

t For wood de~ coveri~ aee Tabh M.

Conductivity or Conductance of Itismllmeow Materials. Val~e givenare at 75Fmtemperat-.

Mterial:

s~bol

Nkm

Cn

Alhum A~oys .................................... Stiel .............................................. FreahWatir..; ..................................... S6a Watar .......................................... Paper,Roofing, Heav Ron ........................ f had ..............................................

a. Stl. N SW Pap

y~;.; . b.05 b.02 --6.50

bad

Moo

Rhber, R~ber, R@ber, Rubbr,

u oft, 5~. ................................

eoft,e~tied, &.8# ...................... krd, 7k.3# ............................... Ce~tir, 3.7- 7.5) ......................

*S m-x ~H w-o

1.22 .bo 1::

knm paaing: 100 18. ~. ~. 36n L2 ho1.257

Heat fbw q to 0 veatherair from comNr@nt timporat-: ho 5.0 7.0 Loo zoo 300 1.388 1.3U 1.335 1.326 1.306 1.VI Lh78 1.L57 Lb20 l.bM 1.39h 1.371 1.557 1.537 1.&9b 1. L86 L 46& LL40 1.620 1.590 1.551 1,5L3 1.519 1.L95 1.676 1.658 1.605 1.597 1.574 L5M 1.725 1.707 1.651 1. 6Jh 1.620 1.590

&o 1.775 1.754 L690 1.605 1.661 L630

o
*

II

1.235 1.213 1.2W 1.107 1.173

fieide Wftioe 1.53 Tomp;

3.1505.w

6.80 8.90 .U.OOO13.2015.60

I Frm
9paoingl

I
Mo

E K
18. & 30. 36n L2 ~8,1 1.068 1.050 1.036 1.022 1.012 1.005 1.172 1.155 1.138 1.123 1.U l.~1 1.Xl 1.229 1.2~ 1.195 1.182 1.167 1.3~ 1.30 1.267 1.252 1.239 1.223 tiBiti WfaM 1.27 2.60 L.M Tap I
7

Horizontal heat fkw to 0 weatherafi nt terneratw : from com rb 500 7~o 300 600 boo So 1.365 1.342 1.3U 1.302 1.287 1.270 T 1.4~ 1.389 1.358 1.346 1.329 1.3M

[ 80

5.50 7.20

9.00 D.ao 12.60

T
u~6 1.L99 1.L35 1.&78 l.hOO LL38 1.390 1.428 1.370 LL08 L350 ~ .390 Mo
L312 1.295 1.270 1.252 1.ao L223

FrSpaoiog:
18. ~ 30U ~ L2 bon boide Swfaoa

Uo

Heat flow &m to O weatherair f~m oompor~nt temperatm: @o Loo 5.0 200 300 700
1.200 1.180 1.M2 LU7 1.135 1.U2 1.246 1.225 1.2oh 1.188 L177 1.U3 L 285 1.26L 1.2b L 22L 1.2U LU9

.949 1.03b 1.099 L 152 .930 1.012 1.078 1.131 .922 1.003 L064 1.M .907 .988 1.050 1.M2 .9W q 979 1.039 1.090 .a96 .972 1.030 1.080

0.80 1.70 2.80 3.90

5.20

6.50 a.m

9.90

Tmp I

Table 15 Valuesof Ut

181, 1.2ob 1.518 1.663 1.770 1.860 2b 1.172 1.11701.625 1.732 1.821
30. 36. b2n hen 1.171 1.U7 1.139 1.135 1.b68 1.b30 1.k20 1.b19

mm
Ymo pcing t 180 24u 30. 36~ L2U b8n .050 .022 .027 .003 .998 .997

1.936 1.896 1.861 1.608 1.715 1.795 1.58b 1.691 1.7{5 .l.8L3 1.819 1.570 1.669 1.750 1.552 1.648 1.78 1.795

Surface28.1128.7029 30 30.0030.7031.bo

&
1.622 1.583 1.565 1.5LL 1.527 1.5U
f

Horizontal heat fkw to 28F.sea wter fMm w ~rhe t temp ratme 60 & 300 I boo I 5.0 F .284 1.397 .249 1.36b .256 1.356 .233 .33h .322 .2U .2Q .3U 1.486 1.4b7 1.L37 1.k16 1.403 1.391 1. 5s9 1.519 1.507 1.h86 1.b70 1.h56 tl. or Al.

1[1
.937 .917 .925 .903 .900 .900 1.136 1.M4 1.ML 1.083 1.o76 1.070 1.230 1.190 1.192 1.172 1.U3 1.156
I

~~

a .50 30.10 30.70

from cc ~artment rat urf - temw 600 700 80 90 ~

1.298 1.263

1.260 1.240 1.228 1.221

1.358 1.322 1.317 1.295 1.286 1.275

1..411 1.37b 1.367 1.30 1.33L 1.323

28.8029.20<29.6030.20

= Value

of u!

Mide

Air b Mside Air. No ba~ation

Heatflow UP fmm 70F. compar~nt timp. b- compartment temp: W 1.153 1.120 1.086 1.073 1.053 1.025 1.Uo 1.128 1.306 1.096 1.07b 1.06$ 1.061 1.oh9 1.01131.032 1.017 1.000 30 1.115 1.08b 1.05b 1. Oko 1.022 1.000 bo

o
F
.979 .952 .932 .9U .903 .889
-

II

50

60

1.09b 1.068 1.023 1.065 1.038 .992 1.036 1.015 .973 1.022 .998 .957 1.005 .983 .9h2 .981 .965 .927

Stl. or

U.

36.L6C0.58( h6.h951.3756.2361.01 65.67C j7.92

u Hofinontal heat fkw from 70 comwrtment tamp. b lpartm ~ 00 ~ ~ 100 300 .929 .899 .883 .865 .852 .837 .92b .895 .880 .862 .8L9 .83k .920 .891 .876 .858 .8b5 .831 .916 .886 .870 .852 .839 .826 .907 .875 .863 .81i~ .831 .818 .892 .863 .85o .833 .819 .808 .863 .835 .82A .805 .795 .786 .835 .807 .799 .780 .771 .762
{

Sti. or

Al.

;..80( ;5.73a 0.61 )6 .OO< &o.9L ,5.85<

j5. L2 17.77C

0 ,767 .7L0 .730 .7U .700 .691

Heat flow down fmm 70QF.mmpwtment temp. to compartment tempi 10 65 30 I Loo I 500 I 600
,

.765 .738 .728 .709 .699 .69o

.763 .736 .726 .707 .698 .688

.760 .732 .722 .70& .695 .685

.755 .728 .718 .701 .691 .682

.7L8 .721 .712 .695 .68L .677

.731 .70L .698 ::;: .6ti

.7ti .685 .68L .662 .655 .6L9

hside Surfaca 32.8038.17( Temp. t

118.80 5A. 2L 59.576k.87 57 .L9

60 ValMa of nun No fistition.

II

bnatrvotAon:

Oondition: t

&

4
.930

Soti ~tiation............ ---WeatherAir b fisideti.. 1.b91 s. Sea water u Mside Ati.... l.be~ Stl. or Al.
fiside Air to ~eide Ati... 1.U3

1.755 1.6U 1.320 1.206 1.3@ 1.198

..801

hside Air to WeatherA*., 1.6U w. hside Air to SeA WAter.. i. 1.775 heide Air to ~lde Air... .998

1.390 1.22k 1.b86 1.295 .833 .695

Wtiv 9@le F

ohs6 -e

........ See Ncteen Fage 8 3. Sohr ~diation..., .82 hside Air to Wide ti...

w. IneideAir b Weather~.. heide Air to heide Ati...

1.U .75

Uhdov Ohsa ~e-~ * * 9~oe k ,

s. Sob btiation............ See Nction Fage 8 fisldefir to fiside~... .53

hsida Air b Weather~.. w. Maide Mr to IneideAti...

:8

s. Msib ~2fl %36# 1 W*

Air h ~ide

Ati... .59

.50

.b3

beide Air to hdde

U...

.55

.b7

.39

s. ~2ti &65# w.

haide Air b ~ide

M...

.7L

.61

.50

hide

Ur

to

hide

fir... .69

.56

.M

S - Ooo~

Sea80n

W -

Heating

Seaaon

61 Tabb ~.
Vdws

of nun.

No Mstition
P

o
u
t

II

tinehtion:

@ndition:

D A J .319

s.
;.

Mside

Air

to hside Air... .h31

.376

w. InsideAir b IMide Air... .bo7

.35b .285

5/8N&65# JoinerShd

s. haide Air b kids Air... u.

hside

.313

i.

la M
*

Spaoe
Air

to hside

Air...

.283

f.

SheetWtel Johr Shd. 1*1 Air S~oe

t

s. w.
3oh Sediation ............ ieather Air to hsida Air.. s. jeaWater to hside Air.... hside Air b hside h... ---.7M .767 .609 .882

.L25

.373

1.

.736 .591 .6u .b73 .686 :~y

.5U .363 .361 .330 .U2 .359 .281 .b79 .3L7 .3b6 .317 .393 --.272

w. kside Air to Sea Water .... .935

kside Air to bide rSU.
).

baide b

to WeatherM..

Air... .537 .673 .550 .571 .U7 .633 .657 .398

or U. lolarNadietion ............ ieather ~ to ~aide Air.. :G s. ;eaWater to tiside&.... ..baide Air to haide Air... .567

w. Wde

S _ 000bg

~side * to WeatherM.. .796 Air to Sea Watir .... .Wo knide tir ti IneideAir... .5@ U= HeatingSeamen

Season

62
Table 15 Valwa of l:u~ No hstition

o
u
~

II

Yw ~

Untition:

Stl. or Al.

M.

5ohr Ihtiation ............ deather Ah to Inside Air.. s. Sea Water to Ineide Mr. ... Ineide Air to Ingide Air... Inside fir to Weather Air..

---.SW ---.h35 .559 .580 .397 ---.6L0 ---.507 .b73 .L86 .328 .590 .L93 .5M .ho9 .559 .577 .367

- .382 .293 .82 .2?2 .325 ---.238 .k36 .3a .322 .298 .363 .257

w. Ingide Air to Sea Watir....

Ingide h to Ingide fir...

Stl. or Al.

u.

Solar htiation ............ Weather Air to Inside Ati. . s. Sea Water to ~side fir.... Ingido Air to hgide Air...

Ineide Air to Weather Air.. .683 w. Inside Ati ti Sea Water .... .7U Mside Air to hide fir... .b56

u.

13.

P K
~

Stl. or Al. 7/8qv M-;6#

s, hside Air to Inside Mr...

(120- 80)

.330 . .89
----

w< Ingide Air to Mside Ah.. (700-500 )

Solar fi~ation ............ Weather Air b ~eide Ah.. s. Sea Water to ~side Air.... ~gide Air to figide Air... tieide Air to Weather ti..

Stl. or Al.

.ho7 ---.358 .h38 .L51 .332 ---.699 ---.567

.398 .352 .36o .307

.321 .%6 .255 .239 .280 ---.213 .b79 .3h7 .3L6 .317

7/88t M-36ff

w. ~aide Air to Sea Water....

hside Mr h hgide Ah...

Sok ~dation ............ Weather Air to figide ~.. s. Sea Water b ks~de Air....

Stl. or U.

u.

fisidefir b bgide -...

hgide Air b WeatherAir., .796 w. hgide Air to Sea Water .... .8~o InsideAir to hai.deMr... .50b
V

.633 .657 .398

.393 ---.272

Heatig Seaeen

63 Table # Valuesof !lUn No ~suktion

o
u t & + D
q q

II

~e ,..

@na*otionl

tindition t Sohr ~diation........... Weatherti b InsideAir s. Sea water to xneide~r* haide Air ti Ineidefir..

15. w. IneideAir b Weatbr Ur IneideAir to Sea Water... Insideh to hside Air..

s. U.
.

w.
.

s. J7. w. __. . .

18.

s.

w.

s. 19. u.

S - ~oling SeaeOn

W - Heating Season

Tabk ti. Vdwe of 88 u!! fisideAir to Weatherh. l!! Inotition.

fim

Heat fbw up to O weatherah

~

paoing t 18. i ~ 30. 34. b2 ~8t, heide IWface Tamp I .. heme pacing I 18. .377 .372 .365 .356 .350 .3L4 8 .L89 .La? .h70 ;~; .&18
1

1
.532 .530 .506 .b9L q L73 .U6 .544 .544 .518 .507 .L83 .&5h 710

18

.5o6 .50L .b8k :~g .b28 M

.52o .518 .L96 .h8h .&6h .L36

,. 1

17

26

35

53

62

I
Horizontal heat fkw b 0 weatherair from Cor artmenttemDf ature 300 60 200 .bo3 .3W .389 .380 .372 .363 170 .k23 .418 .402 .398 .306 .37& 26 .L39 :::; .412 boo .386 .h63 .460 :;;; .h23 .405 510 69

24m 3on % 4211 ~e,, hdde

urf ace Temp I

3L

h2

bamo

paoing: 100 18. 24 30,, 36u ~21t 48n .347 .339 .337 .327 .323 .320

Heat fkw dom to 0 weatherah tmant tem rat~e I j om com 3.0 &oo 5.0 60 200 .367 .383 .398 .413 .L22 Lob .LM .359 .377 .391 q .356 .370 .382 .393 .bo2 .3L6 .361 .37~ .386 .396 .3L0 ~~;~ .366 .377 .387 .358 .367 .375 .335 m

700
:;g

.412 .L08 ,398 .385

.M .440 .L21 .bm

.bos

.391

23

I
I

310
1

&oO
1

480

570

6P

Table M valuesof ut h9ide Air to Sea Water. 1!, ~~~*t~~~

65

1
I

II

Frme pcing: 18*8 2b 30W 36m ~211 ~Bt#

Iieatflow up to 2UF. sea watir

Inside Urface 29.73= Tempt

1
300
bo

50 .b93 .L87 .L6L .L59 .LL7 .L27

600
.5M .5m .L81 .L77 .L62 .M1

hmwratura: 80 70 .5L5 ;;$

.L05 .395 .391 .380 :3&3

.b63 .b56 :g

.530 .527 .L95 :$; .M9

.b21 .bo5

55.93 6L.79173.77

= 300

J
l~n 2L 30n 36,, .~2. L811 .368 .363 .361 .350 .3A5 .M

}Iorizontal heat flow b 28F.aea water frem com~rtie t temperature q~o 900 60 .bti .L56 .M2 .L35 .L22 .408

a
90 1000 .50L .b8b .L58 &
1000

#tl.

or Al.

..
,

, 1 I hside Surface 29.67C38.oflk6.50055.00063.5272.12 Temp I

Stl. or Al. ,8~e~tio~

66

Table 16

Vduas

of

!VUIU

InsideAir to IngideAir, in ~9ulati0n Frame I

Heat fbw up from 70F. mm artmant temp. b compartment ten I

1
~

II

Uo
la,, 2b 3011 36. ~2!, b8n
.

boo .L79 .L73 .hk5 .M3 .b30 .L04 .L67 .L6L .438 .h37 .b23 .&02

500 .L59 .b5h .&33 .b29 .b17 .399

.L80 .h76 .bL7 .446 .b31 .ho5

62.72

naida urface ampt

@.b6 76C 6.790 j7.85 )8.92 13.73CX. 7L0 65.

_

=-r Spacing I
18,t 2b 30.
36n ~2,, 4Bi,

Horizontal heat flow from 70F. compartment temp.

1
.U5 .L37 .L21 .k16 .boh .390 .434 .b28 .L1O .L05 .395 .381
1

tio

65

Stl. or U.

00 .b2b .LM ::;

.38h .372

~o .~23 .L15 .bol

.393 .383 .371

b compartment temp: 200 boo ~oo 300 .422 .ku ;p2

.382 .370

@o

65

.L20 ~13 .399

.391 .381 .369

.419 .L15 .1109 .bo5 .398 .397

.390 .380 .368

.J105 .395 .396 .387 :;:;

:;$ .356

.389 .379 .377. .371 .366 .362

Inside 68.68069.34 Surface 61.1962.3963.6264.8466.0967..39 Temp I

be jpacing 18,, ~,, 301! 36,, L2 ~8t1

Heat flow dom from 70F. compartment temu. .. to compartment tel ):

-

100 .389 .379 .373 .362 :;:: .389 .379 .373 .362 :;;;

200

300 .389 .378 .373 .362 .356 .3h8

65 .380 .370 .368 .357 .350 .3L5 .37L .363 .362 .351 .3L5 .341

.389 .379 .373 .362 .356 .3b8

.389 .377 .372 .362 .355 .3h8

.387 .375 .371 .362 .353 .3k8

+tl.

or Al.

lthatition

h9ida IWface ;8.22;9.82 11. b5c )3. 08( b.76c remp;

;8.210 19.10

Table ~ value of nun 1. Ina~latiOn

1
t u D A .5W .h52 .L31 .b3b .&6 .U8 .389 .365 .%0 .333 .3M .318 .330 .283 { .b8b .L29 .Lu .L05 .bo8 ---.362 .357 .330 .326 .300 .301; ----; .271

II

Oonst-tion:

@ndAtini

Solar btiation............ --Weather ,firto hside fir.. .L80 s. sea water ~ ~aide ~.. .. --~side Air to hside fir... .L71 m L 1. ~~fition ~side fir to WeatherMr.. .b9b w. ~gide Air h Sea Water .... .k91 ~eide fir h hside Air... .L29 Soti Satiation ............ --Weatherfir to ~side Air.. .3L5 s. Sea watar to IneideAir.. .. --Mslde fir to Wide fir... q 3n 10 ~efi~on tisidetir to WeatharAir.. .33b w. field.tir h Sea Water .... .3U Inskdefir to E.sidetir... .301 Solar Satiation ............ ---WeatherAir to ~aide ~.. .225 s. Sea Water to Mgide Air... * ---hgide Air b IneideAir... .2U Wgide Air to WeatherW.. .210 w. fisidefir b Sea Water .... .220 bglde Air to ~side Air... .192 Solar Satiation ............ Weathertir b Wgide ti.. s. Sea Water to hside . .... IngideAir to Mgide Air.. . ---.351 ---.359

Stl. or Al. 22 lU ~~~tion

.2L5 .a3 .2B ::;: .229 ;207- .199 .206 .217 .183 .359 ,320 .98 .323 03% .331 .287 .28L .2& .~8 .253 .257 .262 .2* .198 ---.179 .317 .266 .257 .273 .277 --.ao .257 .2a .221 .221 .223 ---.U7

1. ~g~tion

tisidefir ti Weathar~. . .380 w. hside Air to Sea Water... . .37b hgida U b Wide Air.. . .3ti la ~&tio~ Stl. or Al. ... . a k :: 10 : . .278 tilde Air to WeatherAir. . .282 w. tiaideAir h Sea Water... tiide Air b Insideti.. . .&s Seeeon W - Hea~ Seaeon Solar Satiation ........... ---Weatherfir to -Ida &. . .273 s. Sea Water b ~ide Air... . ---~side W h ~ide ti.. . .270

tiel ~ting s.M. wg

S - Whg

Table16.

ConstructionI 1,,~8u~ti0n s

Wndi tlont t

Sobr Radiation... ......... ---Weather Air b ~side ,Ati.. .197 . Sea Water to Inside Air.... ----

!{ q-.,~.m D , . 4 I .20L .19.3 .190 .171 .185 .171

h9ide fir to InsideAir... .185 25.

.186 InsideMr to WeatherAh.. .. .193 w. hgide fir b Sea Water.. InsideAir to tieideAh... .ti8

.178 .179 .186 .157 .3b3

.30a .287 .3M .321

.Ml .til .M3 I .3ob

.257 .2b9 .26L .26a

___ 1,, ~~ulatlO*

Stl. or Al.

SOtir Radiation ............ ---Weather Air to Ingide fir,. .35L . Sca Water to Ingide fir.... ---hside fir to hgide W... .3M hgide tir to Weather fir.. .... w. ~side fir to Sea Water .363

. .... . . 26. i:

Channel Mring 3~161! M.V.

InsideAir to fisideMr.. . SOlnr ~tiation............ s Weatherfir to hglde Air.. . Sea Water b figide&.... IngideAh to InsideAir...

.357 .312 ---.328 ---.321

.318 .276 .320 .289 .271 .292 .301 .299 .261 .25L .23~ .222 .236 .2h2 .240 .216 .27k .252 .&o .a5 .2h8 .25h .2U

.2A .286 .~ .237 .251 .254 .223 .232 .20& .197 .208 .2U .la8 .~8 .218 .2U .2U .217 .192

1 tiatiation Stl. or Al. . . . .... .. .. . . ... . .. . . . . 27. ~,,c~~ll wring * 1,, ~~~atio~ Stl. or ~. . ... . . . .. 28. * 01 tirtig 7/a M-36# ll! ~9dati0n Stl. or Al. 29. 1 1~ hnnel ~ng * 3/fi01 M.V.

Wside Air to WeatherAir.. .337 .... .333 w. InsideAir b Sea Water bside fir h Mgide fir... .293 SObr Radiation ............ ~ Weatherfir ti In9ideW.. . Sea Water to hide &.... hgide Air to Mgide Air... ---.260 ---.25L

Insidatir to Weatherh.. .26b hdde fir b Sea Water. ... w. .261 bside fir to fisideAir... .236 Solar Ratiation ............. Waatherfir to hgide Air.. s. sea water ~ ~alde ti .... IneideAir b IngideAir... ---.2a ----.261

heide fir to WeatherAir.. .268 .... .272 w. hside fir b Sea Water hside Ah to hside Air... .238 W . HeatingSeason

S = Oootig Seaeon

@natmotion: 111 I~UlatiOn

UntitionI

u t & .259 .239 .2B .233 .237 .til .2M .2U .m

.193 .196 .~9a .202 ,179 .199 .la6 .lal

D + .237 .209 .W5 .206 .208 .18L .199 .178

.176 .177 .~7a~; .; .M1 .la9 .16a .167

)00 i ~Ctiel ~ring ~,, ~65#

Solar bdiation............. ---~ WeatherAir to hside Air....250 Sea Water b InsideAir..... ---InsideAir to InsideAir.... .a8 hside Air to WeatherAir.. .255 u..Insidefir ti Sea Water .... .258 tiaideAir to fieideAir... .227 Sohr ~diation............ ---s Weatherfir to fisideUr.. .208 Sea Water to hgide W.. .. ---Ingide Air b Inside Air...

lN h9titi0n Stl. or Al.

Il. 1!!

q m
.2U .213 .191

Channel ~ring 7/a~~ L36ff

Inside Air to Weather *.. ~ w. Ingide fir b Sea Water.... Inside Air h Inside Air...

111~~fition Stl. or Al. 12. s

Solar bdiation ............ ---se Weather Air to Mgide Air.. .193 Sea Water to ~side fir.... ----

11, ;;~:
Ctiel ~ring 3/16nM.V.

hgide Air to fiaideAir... .lal

. 17b
.17L .la2 .15L .191 .~7a
.175 .16a .169

.l.5a .Ea .U1 .182 .U2

.fi2 .153 .U3

IngideAir to WeatherAh.. .la2 w. IneideAir to Sea Water .... .laa kgide Air to IngideAir. .. .165 Solar vitiation ............ ---WeatherAir to ~oide Air.. .185 . Sea Water to Ineide W.. .. ---heide Air b Ingide Air... .175 .176 .

1,1 ~~~ation Stl. or D.

33. 1,, ;, .r : .>!. ~ri~

~,,~~~1

Inside Air b Weather fir.. w. ~ Mgide fir to Sea Water....

lal

figideAir to InsideAir... .159 in ~g~tion Sok bdiation............ WeatherAir to IneideAir.. s. Sea water to heide ~.... hsida ti to tiaide&... ---.Ml --.U3

.175 .U9 .165 .156 .U2 .~8

.U7 .15a .U3 .M3 .136 .u6 .W

lb.

1,, Channel Mring

~iide Air to Weatherti.. .U3 w. IMide Air ~ Sea Water .... .Ua hside Air b ~eide h... .~1 W - Hating Seaaon

.ua
.V3 .133

S - &oUng

Season

Table16 ValwO of lU! 1,, ~efiti~*

1
u
t

II

pa

tinstNotion t

@nditiont

A
.296

D
+.

5. heide Air ~ heide A*... (120- 80) )5. u. InsideAh h heide Air... ( 700-500 ) s, heide Air to IngideAh... ( 120-80 ) i. Wgide Air to Maide Ah... ( 700-500 ) 3. Wside fir tg ~side M... ( 120 -m)
d. Insidefir to ~gide AAr...

.264

.226

36.

.198

.166

17,

.UL

( 70 -50 )

s. bgide Ah to Mside -... ( 1200-80 ) )8. w. tiaideAir to hside ti... ( 70 -50 ) to heide fir.. . s, InsideW ( 120-80 ) 39. it hgide Air to ~eide Ah... ( 70 - 50:)
I

.22k

.195

.209

.183

S . ko~ Seaeon

U - Hea~

Season

me

Oonstnotion I

Oontitions

u t -

H 4

In ~a~tion @m tiepaoe bo. 7/8w3@ F

s. ~side fir to heide Air... (1200-80 )

.222

n. ~aide fir to Ineida*... (700-50 )

.198

u.

mhsulation l~fl Airapaoe lM ~~fitio 7/80M-36# En

1. ~e~~~n

s. hside fir to fisideAir... (1200- 80)

.U9.

v. tiaidefir to Ineidati... (700- 500)

.M~

s. Insidefir to heide fir... (120- 8@)

.m

n. heide fir U tiside~... (700- 50?) ~ 5U tin~ce lfi metition s, ~side fir b ~ide ti... ym&ur I g (1200- 800) 1*J tiswce 7/8* b36#

.131

.202

L3. B

w. fieidcfir to Mside *... (700- 500)

.U?

5 Mrspce 11 hetition i::~::c; 7/8u&36#

s. Mide

Air to hside fir.. . (120- 80) U.. .

.179

u.

R S - OooU~
Seaaon

u. InsideAir to -ids (700 -50 )

.158

W - Hea*

Season

72

Tabh M valuesof nun in Insuhtion

It 1
u t A i D

bnstmotion:

bntition:

s. b5 . w. S. b6 . w.

s. k7. w. ) . s. L8. w.

s. h9. w.

S . Wling

Seaeon

u-

HeatingSeaeon

73

wati ,rair * 500

.306
.3M .306 :3g ,289 I U

.322 .334 ,320 .32h .3s .300

,

.333. .3L9 .329 .337 ,326 .307 I

.344 :g .3b7 .33h .3U

.350 .371 .3L6 .357 .3b3 .320 ~~o

28

37

h7

I*
7.0 ~ .359 :;;; .369 :;: .375 .355 .332 .36L .3L9 .327
1

2
Sti or 2. ~fi~o~

II
U,

Wrisontil heat fbw b 0 weatherair f rhent ,tw : p y ~ F 7 T .256 .261 ,263 .259 .256 .253 90 .27$ .281 .280 .276 i272 .267 180 .287 .294 ,al .289 .284 .276 27 .298 .306 .301 .301 .295 .28k 370 .307 .316 .309 .3o8 .305 .294 .3U .326 .3U ,318 q 3U .297 .323 .336 .323 .326 .317 .303 6b

F
.330 .345 .329 .333 .324 .309

550

mat flow dom b 0 weather air fmm cor ature 200 ~oo 700 tio .238 .239 .245 .239 .238 .238
,

.251 .255 .259 .253

.251 .*8

.261 .266 .268 .264 .260 .257

1

.271 .276

.276 .273 .270 .265

1

.282 .287 .285 .283 .278 .272 I

.287

.295 .B2 .Wo .285 .277

I 350

440

530

T
.296 .305 .300 .299 .29b .285 MO .302 .3M .304 .305 .299 .288 720
1

80

74

Cable 17 Valueaof 1fUt8

2
J rame

II

;~cing

Heat flow up w 28F.gea nter from co irti( temperature: MO 700 mo 90 30 I Loo I 500
. 2b9

I W

.273 .276 .270 .268 .261!

.307 :;;; .315 308

q

.296

.330 .%5 .332 .335 .325 .310

.3L6 .361 .342 .351 .339 .319

.357 .375 .351 .363 .3L9 .327

.3(.17 , .388 .361 .373 .356 .33b

*n

~Stl. or Al.

7.82 7.20 76.62

Frame
pacing:

Horizontal heat flow to 28F.sea water from comwrtment temwrature: 30 boo

. 28b .289

1 m

50 .299 .3m .30L .302 .298 .289

&o
.313 .322 .3U .315 .310 .297

70 .322 .333 .323 .325 .319

80 .331 .3L6 .331 .335 .326 .3M

18! 2b1* 3011 3611 42(s ~8,, Ingide ,Wface rap:

.250 .25h .262 .253 .253 .253

.290 .285 .283 .276

.30L

k
75.71

H
90

,.

Table17. Values of Uuj

-

75

Frma spacing : 00 18t, 2k 30. 36~ ~2,t 48!, .335 .351 .331 .338 .327 0306

Heat fkw up from 70UF.oompartmant temp. h compartment temp: ho ~oo boo 5.0 200 mo .330 .3L0 .329 .335 ~326 .305 .328 q 3L5 .328 .333 .325 .30b. .325 .3L3 .326 .330 .32h .303 .32~ .339 .324 .328 .320 .302 .319 .331 .319 .322 .316 ml
q

2
650 .3m .306 .301 .302 ::$ * Stl. o? Al. . . . .. . .. .. 2II ~,~ti~n

II

.308 .318 :;g .305 .29L

~side SWf ace 65.8866.u 67.0167.5866.l? 68.77@.3e 69.@

Tap : i

Horizontal bat rkw r-

70UF.ec~tient
.291

te~.

.296 .3ob .299 .297 .293 .283

)4. 89 j5.58 66.~ 67.00 i7.72 8.L6 .2269.610

T
.295 .29L
.302 .297 .295 .291 .281 .303 .290 .296 .292 .282 .272 .278 .27a .273 .270 .265 m .272 .278 .278 .273 .270 .265

loo

no

no .293 .301 .296 .294 q 290 .280

.300 .295 .293 .289 .279

.289 .297 .29b .292 .286 .278

.283 :;:; .284 .281 .275

.277 .284 .283 .278 .276 .271

FPI

Frame Spactig : la,, 24 30 $: L8W

a
00

Heat flow dom from 70F compartment tamp.to computmnt 300. 4.0 5.0 MO 200 .272 .278 .278 .273 .270 .265 .272 .277 .277 .273 .270 .265 .271 .275 .276 .273 .269 .265

empa

.272 .278 .278 .273 .270 .265

~side Suface j3.05ti.m a.95 65.9166. a9 67.91 ia .9469.470 Temp 8

T
.266 .271 .274 .268 .265 .263 .262 .266 .269 .263 .262 .259

tio

65

76

Table17. Valuesof 1*U18

. *

2
tinstruotion: D I
Solar lhdiation. ........... Weather Air to ~gide Air.. Sea Water to In9ideAir.... bside Air to Ingide Air...
---.360 ~

II ,

50.

.3h9 ---.352 .36L .363 .322

.327 .308 .322 .326 .325 .292 .259 .ti2 .236 .232 .231 .236 .212 .15L .ti7 .ti7 .137 .131 .13a .14 .277 .ti9 .231 .250 .257 .253 .22a .212 .196 .la7 .191 .193 .195 .175

.3b7 .308 .296 .302 .299 ---.273 .255 .235 .231 .222
.219 ---.203

--4
/_21,~gu~tion

Ingide Air to Weather Air.. Ingide Air to Sea Water.... Ingide Air to Ingide fir...

Solar kdiation ............ ---Weather Air to ~eide Air.. .247 Sea Water to Inside Air .... ---hgide Air to Ingide Air... .2L5

51.

Inside Air to Weather Mr.. w. hgide Air b Sea Water.... Wgide Air to Ingide Mr...

.2h4 .2b9 .226

----

Solar Wtiation ............

Weather Air to ~gide Air..

52.

.U5 Sti. or Al. s. Sea Water to ~gide Air.... ---::,. . .. :,. ,:,,: ., ::..,:., : .,.,,,:.,.,.,,: ,, .:., ,., ,. ~gide Air to hside tir... .139 (:!j: ,:
1 ,.,,.: *I

.155 .U7 .ti7 .133

.129 ----

L 21! ~dtion , 2 ~9titi0n

I

Ingide Air to Weather Air!. .134 w. hgide Air to Sea Water.... .Uo Inside Air to hside Air... .128

.122
:::

53.

Sok Mtiation............ Weather Air to kgide Air.. s. Sea Water to ~side Air.... hgide Air to hgide Ah...

---.27h ---.280

.207 .212 .2m ---.la7 la9 .176 .172 .W

.

Wgide Air to WeatherAfi.. .292 hgide fir to Sea Water .... .28a tiaideAir to ~ido Ati... .2S6 SolarSatiation ............ --=deather fir to kide &.. .~6 SeaWater to hgide fir.... ---hgide Air to tigideAir... .207 InsideAir to Weatherti.. .20a kgide Air to Sea Water .... .210 M9 ide Ah to hgide Air... .190

;L .
*

.....,,.,.,.,::,,. y,. :...,.:..,., ,. ....... 1,1 111 :

ChannelMrinC S .M.Mntig

.U ---.151

S = tiOUng ,, ::. .,
Sea80n

W = Heat-

Season

. .

77 Yabla 17. valuesof IIUII 2. In*~latlOn

2
u t ~ .12 .10 .U
.10 .m .10 .M .28 .23 :E .10 .M .10

10
D + .U .m .M
.U. .09 .09 .09 .25 .20

~e

Construction: 2,, In~~~tion Stl. . . . . . . .:.,: :.,,. :..,.... ...

Condition t

9ok Wtiation........... ---Weathertir b haide tir.. .U 9, Sea Water to Inside~....

MBide Air ti Inside M... hside tir b Weather &.. Sea Water to hside Ah.... ~side Ah b fieide Air:..

55.
*

i.. :.: 1
Ctiel S.M.~g 21!In~tion Stl. w.

s.

9oti btiation ........... ---.25 Weather fir b heide U.. .29 Sea Water b Ineideh....

56.

::. !... ,,..?.. ,:.>, : .4,...: ,.: ..2...... I > * 4 L Channel 3/tif Mitite . 21, ~3&~on Stl. T.q

haide &

ti Inside&...

.26

.27 .23 :2 .22 .25 .21 .2L .21 .23 .22 .20 .22 .19 .22 .19 .20 ,20 .18 .21 .18 .20 ~ .19 .M .17

.2h .20 .22 .22 .18 .23 .M .22 .m .20 .20 .17

.27 kgide Air b Weather-.. Sea Water b InsideAti.... .26 .2& fisideAir b tiside~...

57.

f M . +t... : I-! !

Soti Wdation ........... ---WeatherAir to Melde Mr.. .23 s. Sea Water to tiside&.... .26 Ingidefir b InsideUr... .23 helde Mr to Weather~.. .ti IngideAir to Sea Water .... .2L .22 hside M b ~side U...

khannel ~ *I&idte

58.

2II In~~~tiOn Sotir Satiation.. .......... --Weatherti b bside M.. .21 Stl. s. Sea Water b figldeW.... .23 ,:. ,i:, ..,.. . . . . . .:.,::, r..,..,. Insidefir to hgide &... .21 L > 5 Inside* b WeatherAir.. .22 .... .a w. fi9idefir to Sea Water tiaide~ b tieldeAir... .20 2n In~~tiOn fl. SOh ~tiation........... Weather& h: hgide W.. s. Sea Water ti InsideU.... ~side U b ~eide ti...

:; .20 .L7 .M .18 .ti .19 .M .18 .~ .17 .17 .U

59* +

1, ::;; . 1:v Wannel 3/tiMerMte

:; .21 q V

heide Air h WeatherAh.. .20 ~gide ti b Sea Water... .19 .18 ~ide @ to bide h..

S - GoMng

SeaeOn

w. HeatingSeason

78 Tablo 17
valuen of Un

211 fi~~~ti~~2
~nditions u t --.18 .20 .18 .19 .M ;19 .17 .L7 .17 .M .18 .U .17 .s .ti :; .~ .10 :: .09 .10 .M &

II
.

Yw

@natruotionl

D 4 :: .17 .U

Sok Mediation........... WeatherAir to hside Air.. 3. gea Water to InsideAti.... InsideAir to tigideAir... LCknel ~~n tiinite

Ineide. Air to WeatherAir... .18 u. IneideAir to Sea Watir .... .18 .17 IneideAir to haide M.... Sotir ~diation..........~. WeatherAir to ~eide Air..
sea wa~r to M9id9 ~-
q

:2 .U

s.

bside Air to figideAir... Mgide Air h Weather&.. w. ~aide ti to Sea Watir .... hside Air to IneideAir... SoMr bdiation............ Weatherb to ~side U.. Sea Watar to fisideAir.... ~eide fir b IneideAir...

:; .18 .16 .l~ .16 q U --.10 .~ .U

:$ :$ ..

.s .& .13 .~ :09 .10 .U .09 .W .09

~
q

62. IneideAh, to Weatherti.. . .10 .10 w. heide Air to Sea Water. b.s fisideAir h InsideAir. i. .10 Sotir Wdiation ............ II ~allln WeatherAir to ~side Air.. s. Sea water b Ineide** Stl. :,... :> ..,..,: :... :,, . . . . . ...1.. InsideAir b InsideAir...
q q

--.10 :$ .09 .09 .m --.10 .10 .N

.W

q
:5 .10 .10 .09 .09 .09 .D .W .10 .09 .09 .M .09 .09 .W .09 .10 .09 .09 .09 .08 .08 .~

63.

1,, ;~:.:j

Channel ~Ll Marinite

InsideAir to WeatherAir.. w. IngideAir to Sea Water .... ,, hsideAir to hside Air... SOM Wdiation............ WaatherAir to fiBideAir.. 9. sea Waterb InsideU... Meide Air to ~side M...
q

6L.

1,, hside @ L Chnel 7/8s hini~ ti WeatherAir.. -... &ati~

q W
.09 q W

w. InsideAir b Sea Water ....

heide Air b ~ide

w-

.W .W Seaeon

S - OooUng Season

79 Table17 Valwo of Iu 2. In@~tiOn

2
It
u .22

II
D
+

@nditiont

B.

550 u. s. 66. n.

.20

---

.17

--

.U

9. .U
.-.

67.

u. hnida m so mi& 68. u. Mid. s* 69. w. U

to msiti U.,.

---

.09

.-.

to Witi

U...

---

.-

Air to Insidoti...

---

.17

---

q U

---

.15

---

W Hea~

Se-n

80

S - OooM~

Seaeon

W - H*-

Season

81

2
.

II

~e :

@MtmotiOnt

~ndition!

u t

& +

2SMsll!n Chmel

s.

Ineide&

h haide Air.. ---

.M

--

75.
R

7/Bnhrinite ,.. 7/8n Morinite

w.

hside Air b ~gide Air.. ---

.U

---

74. H

-2n I~llln - Chml I~llln ; ;:,,1,, ---*1 htinite S.n. uning

s. InsideAir to Inside*..

---

.s

---

w. Ineidafir h haide -..

--

.U

--,

s. baide b 77.
..

to Bni&

~..

--

.U

> l! Innllln

~aide ~

ti hside ~..

---

.U

--2Inssltn Cllennel 78.

s. InsideAir b hside ti..

---

q U

---

::..: -1 lna ln .: .-*I! tirinite 7/8~* krinite w. IngideAir b hside ti.. B ..-. -.. -.20 I~llln --Cbmel s. ~side U b tiaide&..

---

.M

---

---

.ti

79.

f. ~~ v 4

1. Inmllln ~j/:MhdfiwAti . .

~ i--. . . ..l

w.

hside Air b hai&

&..

.~

--

S.= tioling%-on

W.= Hea~

Season

a
Vdus
of

nu

II

2
btition

II
i D

83

.t s.

u A

85, w. s. 06. 1,. w.

s. 97; w.

1.
8.

1.

1. .

9*
f.

84

Table 18 Valuoo of Uu hgide Air to Weather Air j!!hstition.

Frome
pacing:

Heat flow ~ ) h O outside air from c ~Wrtient Lemp: 500

.200 .219 .226 .230 .226 .224 { .213 .237 .239 . 2L8 .2b3 .235

II

000 .256 .3L .278 .299 .287 .268 76.9

18 2L 30 36,, b2 481, . Wside lirf ace Temp:

.225 .251 .2L9 .259 .25L .2b3

9.5

i9

28.5C 38

L
~80 I .208 .230 .235 .2L0 .2L0 T.231 .2M .237 .2bo .246 .2h6 .237
~

.232 .2b~ .2j6 .270 .26h .251

.238 .272 .263 .277 .271 .255

.2b5 .250 .279 .288 .268 ~.272 .285 .293 .278 .282 .259 .265 57.5 67

Frame ,pcing: 100 1811 21191 30,1 36,,

~21, J8,,

Horizontal heat fkw to 0 outeide air from compartment tempt Loo 5~o &o 700 .19L .2M .221 .220 .220 .215

800 .233 .258 .256 .26h .261 .250

+ :, tl

.181 .198 .210 .208 .208 .205

Ineide ;wface Temp!

9.5

&
18.5 28

.203 .221 .227 .231 .230 .225

.220 .2L5 .2b6 .25h .252 .2b2

.227 .251 .251 .259 .257 .2b6

or

Al.

:;311 ~~llln. ,,: . . :: ., , .:: ;:

Frm ~cing t

Heat flow dom to 0 outsideair fmm comwrtment hmD: 100 .170 .181 .19L .191 .19L .196 .180 .186 .192 .192 .202 .209 ,204 .2M .216 .203 .211 .218 .m3 .2U .219 .204 I .211 I .217
60 .203 .222 80

.199 .217 .223 .226

.225 .222

.228 .231
.231 .226

.208 .229 .233 .238 .236 .231

.213

.233 .237 0242 .2bl .23b

w
I

55.5

65

7L. 5

.tl

or Al.

,.:. . . . . :. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . :.!, 3,, ~~lltn S .M.Uning

Table 18 Valuea of U

85

IngideAir to Sea Water. 3!, ~~~tlo~

3
I I

II

*am. ------

I Sp9cing
3@ .193 .207

Heat flow UP to 28F. sea -ter

from col tirhent timperatw hoo I 500 600 I 700
800

,218 .218 .218 .217

.218 .a2 .245 .252 .2k9 .238

.235
.258

.2b5 .270
.265 .281 . 27b .259

.250
.281 .271 .290 .282 . 26b

.259 .268 .265 .250

I ~side L1 k8.9558.5168.09 17.69 SWface 29.90 39. Temps

n+I
~oo Mo

.253 .81 .278

Stl. or Al.
:,..,. .,,,.:. :: ., 3. ~s&:tion .,

.297 .286 .269

. ..

--

Frame Spcing

Horl~ ntil 1 gat flow to 28UF. sefiwater rom ctnpartmant temperate I Too MO ~ 900 ao .17L .191 .205 .201 .203 .m5 .2m ;217 .227 .228 .228 .22h .2U .231 .240 .2L0 .240 .23h
T .222 .WO .244 .250 .2~9 .240 .226 .2b9 .251 .257 .257. .246 .230 .257 .257 .266 .260 .250

181, 2L 301, 36,, ~2,1 ~81,

~side Smface W.87 39.27 Tamp :

I J8.6958.~3 67.59

I
77.06

Table 18 Valws of u bside Air to bside Air. 3 Lnstition.

~

Cingk
18,, 2& 3001 36,, ~2t, ~oll .235 .265 .258 .272 .266 .250 .233 .263 .2~7 .271 .265 .2h9

Heat flow up from 70F. comwrtment temp. tocOmDartmont tempt 600 500 200 300
.231 .260 .256 .269 . 26L . 2h9 .230 . 2s8 .255 .268 .263 .248

( Frm
10t,
2& 30t, 36,, ~2t, ~Bll

Spacinga

r
I
.210 .230 .236 .240 .239 .232 .209 .229 .235 .239 .238 .232

Horizontal heat flow from 70F. com~rtment temp. b compartment temu: 200 60 300 0 10

Tz 4
.228 .256 .252 .265 .261 .ti8

3
or Al.

II

.22b .251 .251 .260 .257 .&7

.217 .Zho .ti3 .251 .ti7 .2bo

.213 .231 .237 .ti2 .2L1 .23~

_Stl.

67.9168.30

68.71< @ .1369.5669.78

.208 .228 . 23b .238 .237 .231

.207 .227 .233 .2.38

.206 .226 .232

.205 .225 .231

.236 .230

.237 .235 .230

.236 .233 .229

.m2 .219 .227 .229 .229 .227

.197 . 2U .224 .226 .224 ;223

67.38<67.87 68.3968.91 9.L5 69.72 1

Frame pcing: 00

He4t flow dom

frm 70F. compartment temp.

Itteml
boo -

~oo

@o

65 .187 .201 .212 .211 .212 .212

s
emp:

18 2L 30,1 361, ~21t ~8,t

.19L .210 .220 .220 .220 .219

.194 .2m .220 .2m .220 .219

)5.73C 6.L1 67.09 )7.79 d.5b0 69.2P 69.62C

I

&Q
.19L .210 .220, .220 .220 .219 .19L .19L .210 .209 .220 .220 .220 .220 .220 .220 .219.., .219 .193 .207 .218 .219 .218 .218 .191 .206 .216 .215 .216 .2ti

Stl. or Al.

3 hadatlon

a7

Table18.
Vnlues of IUl 391~etiation

3
t

II

COntition t

u .287 .260 .2&5 .259 .259 .257 .236

.209

Stl, or Al.

90.

Sobr Wtiation............ ---~ Weatherfir to bside Ati.. .278 Sea Water M Ingide tir.... ---.282 In8ide Air to Inglde *...
q

.27L .2b5 .235 .2b3 .238 ---.219

. 2ob

Wside fir to WeatherMr.. .293 w. hside Air to Sea Water .... .290 tiaidefir to tigideAir... .260 Solar htiatlon............ WeatherAir to Mide fir.. .201 s. sea Water to tialdetir.... hgide Air to InsideAir... .201 91.
20L IngidaAir b WeatherAir.. , d. hside fir to Sea Water .... )W hside Air to Insidefir... .M9

.194 .19L .192 .191 .195 .177 .116 .U .U .M5 .099 .Mb .094 .100 .097 .097 .09>
.086

.188 .18& .M2 .180 ---.168 .117 .U1 .m .M2 .097 ---.092 .M1 .096 .096 .090

r Stl. or Al. .92. bgide tir to Weatherti.. w, ~aide fir to Sea Water .... ~aide fir h ~dda Mr...
,Ml
,106

SOW Satiation ............ ---WeatherAir to hgide Ati.. mm s. Sea Water to tigidefir.... ---InsideW to Mside ~r... .105

.094

So@ htiation............ ---~. Weatiertir U hside &.. q Q97 Sea Water to heide ~.. .. ---haide fir to hside ~... .094 93. Mside Air to Weatherfir.. .088 w. IMidO ti b Sea Water .... .092 Insidefir .ti @ide Air... .084 sow satiation .... .......... ---~ WeatherAAr to ~ide h.. .180 Sea Water to heide fir.... ,171 -Ide fir b IneideM...
q

.084 .090 ---.08L .081

.178 .U7 :~: .Uo .m .U2 .U ,1* ---.u8

9b. ,170 bide Ah U Weatherh.. U. ~side fir to Sea Water .... ,171 beide AAr b heide fir... ,G7 9 - tiUM %aeon

W = Heatig Season

1
.156 .157 .W

Table 18 Valoea of UIUIV 311Inedation

al

~n9truotionl -311~~llln Stl. :,. ,,, ,. .. .,, ,, : ., . . . .. .. . . . . _ 1:+= 1 ~ Channel 3/16fv miniti
-.

u & t Sokr ~diation............ ----- .189 WeatherAir to hnide Air.. .17L .U2 s. sea water ~ Inside~.... .192 .182 ~aide Air ti hgide Air.. . .176 .16L hside Air b Weather Air.. .~7a w. ~elde Air b Sea Water .... .17J bgide Air to Inside Air... .167
---.162 .17a .16b .U5
.163 .157

@nditionl

D J .177 .U5 .16a .Ma .156 .152

.13a .165 .137 ::;

95.

.170 .167
.S6 .175 .V2 .169 .V3 .lsa
.156 .ti6

96. *

SOh Mdation ............ Weather Ah to Mgide Ati.. Stl. s. Sea Water to Inoide Air.... . .,:. ..!>...,;,;{:,:,:,::,::,.: .,,. ,. :., .: ,..,.. .:: ,. ,., Ingide Air ti Incide fir... 11 ;, 111 Channel illMarinite baide Air to Weather Air.. w.

.3,1fiallln

.U6
.U3 . Uo

heide Air to Sea Mater .... hgide ~ to Insideti. ..

Solar btition ............ Weather Air to Inside Ah.. Sea Water to ~Bide Air .... Inside Air h Mgide Air... Ingide Air b Weather Air.. Ingide h b Saa Watir.... figide Air to hside Air...

3n

Inatlnn Stl.

s.

97.

~,,. :.. ; , . ~ . . . . ,., .:,. ,! .,; ; : .>; :,: ,:, . . : :... .,.: 1! :, : 1,, L Chnnel 7/almtititi

---.150 .U3 .U1 .M3 .Eo .M5 ---.0a3 .0a5

.161 .U1 .156 .U2 .~6 .W .u6 .0a9 .OaO .0a3 .oal .073 .073 .075 .Oaa .07a .081 .oao .072 .072 .07b

.152 .12a .U5 .130 .136 .13L .122 .Oaa .075 .079 .077 .070 .070 .071 .oa6 .07& .07a .075 .069 .069 .069

w.

98.

311~elll~ Soti ~diation ........... Weather Air to Wgide Air.. Stl. s. Sea Water b figide Air.... : .,.,,,,:.:,,.,., :.,,.,..:.:, .: .,. :., ,, ... .,:,... ,,, , ,,,, hgide ti to I~lde ti... :.; ,.:. :., : l! ., Channel + S.M.MninS 3,,Inallln Stl. w. Ingide Air to Weather Air.. Inside fir h Sea Water.... InsideAir to hgide Air...

q ak
.07b .075 .076 ---.oa~ .0a3 .0a2 .073 .073 .076

99.

Solar hdiation ........... Weather Air to ~gide Ah.. s. Sea Uater b hgide Air.... %.. . . . . .. . . . ;::..:.;;..:::;..\:;!!. I~ide Air to Inside Air.. 118 +)~1 w, Insido fir to Weather Air.. Insido Air b Sea Water... . Ineida Air b InBide Ati...

S - .tiou~ SeaaOn

w-

hating Season
.,

Table18
Values of nun 3 tintition

3
u
t

II
D
+

~nstruetion:

mnditint

&
.08b

. . 3H M!ltn Stl.

m.

:: ., .:.,..,, ,... ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,., :.. . . . . . . :.: :,,,,: 1 .,. * channel 4!! hriniti 3. fi~lll~ 9tl.

9oh bdiation........... ---Weatherfir b bide 0.. .070 s. 9ea Water to hei& W.... .080 haide Air b mide ti. .. .079 hide tir to WeatierU.. .071 w. IneideW ti 9ea Watir .... .071 ~~~ .07h bide Air to ~sida h... --.075 .077 .077

.075 .078 .077 .070 .070 .071 .081 .073 .075 .07b .068 .067 .069

.083 .072

.075 .073 .06.{ .067 .067 .Om .069 .073 .071 .065 .065 .065

ml.

Sok utiob ........... Weathr * to haiti *.. s. gea wa~r tO fiaideW... ;.: .; : ,.:...: :.....,.::.::,,:.:.::, . hside U to fisideAir... ~ ;::.:::
q

:. ,..

Ohanna * 7/811 Mniti

tilde tir b Weather~.. .069 .06g ~aide ti b 9ea Water... * u. Inaidatir to ~ide ~... .071

s. 102. w.
L

9. D3 , w.

s. w. u.
I , ,,. ,.

-.-.

..

3
u t &

II

Conetruotion ~

bntition:

D 4

s. m5. w. s. m6. w.

s. b7. w.

s. D8. w.

s. D9 . w.

s- b~g

Season

W - htiw

Saaaon

Tablo 19. values of Iu Ingide Air h Weather.

91

Lm Insubtion Frme ;qoyg . :

18.

Heat fkw .UPto O outside ah

100
.160 .179 .186 .190 .188

4
.213 .215 .al .235 .221 Stl. or Al.

II

zoo

t temp fmm compartms] 5.0 boo 300 !

2b 3on 341, :;:

hside ;urface 9.6 Tamp :

&
.175 .188 .N1 .ml .197 .185 .196 .2M .2M .20L .191 .ml .218 .218 .208 St .155 .175 .180 .183 .18L
fmm 2.0 300

St ffener web nr

flang( .199 .206 .22L .223 .212

coverd .205 .209 .208 .211 .229 .235 .227 .230 .215 .218

1
I

,,:., ~,,.. ,..,,, . .. 4 ., :. : ; ..,!..... :,. * ~11 ~111~.

19.3 28.9 38.6C L8.3 S7.9I 67.7( 77.LI

hm I paoing t 100 18,, 2h 30. 36. ~211 b8H T .46 .165 .ti7 .173 .175

Horizontal heat flow to O outsideair from 7.0 200 300 ffenerweb an fting oover( I .170 .177 .182 .186 .~2 .181 .187 .lgo .lgs .198 .187 619L .19g .205 .2M .193 .W .205 .a8 .212 .189 .lgb .199 .201 .205

u
ten It

.190 .200 .2U .2s .m

38.2 L7.8 57.& 67.1 76.7

name pacing:

I
.135 .155 .156 .Ul .*

Heat fkw dom to 0 outsidedr

comwrtint

fener eb an flang( Covem L .ti5 .170 .155 .lb .49

.U8 .172 .175 .177

9.2 M.6

28.0 s7.k b7.1 56.b 66.0 75.6

1

T
.173 .177 .182 .183 .177 .lak .188 .187
1

~oo

5.0

60

7.0 .172 .Uo .197 .m .196

.180

.188 .192 .190

.185 .B3 .197 .Ub

@tl.

or U.

92

~able19 Val{les of !lU1l Inside Air to Sea Water. h Insulation

II

Frme

Patgk
------

He;

flow 3 b 2UF. 9ea water tempe itwe t om cor irtroent

50

600

700

80

900
~

.15b .17L .177 .181 .183 heide

.--sti~ .179

Oner a 1 flan ,e cove ]d---- ----.192 .199 .208 .2U .19L .202 .207 .212 .217 .204 .219 .227 .233 .239 .206 .217 .226 .232 .235 .201 .210 .215 .219 .223

Stl. or Al.

Surface 29.9239. 55C t9 .20 8.8768.56 Twp t T

8.25

J
In9id9

Hofizontil heat flow b 28F.gea wter rme I mm co ,atwe: pcingt Lo 50 F 30 80 70 90 18n ------ Stil 3ner w I and Lange ( ,vered ----z~,l .172 .162 .185 .190 .U3 .179 W. .165 .180 .188 .193 .198 . m3 3611 .163 . 18& .203 .210 .217 .195 ~zll .169 .189 .199 .206 .213 .217 ~8,, .17& .189 .197 .202 .206 .209 29.91 19. MC .16 7.76 19.00 8.58C ;8

mo .----

Wfaoe remp:

Tublo -

19

93

valM9 of u InsideAir to Insidefir. ~,,fig~tio*.

r1810 ~tl
301, 36,, ~2tl &8n

1
00 .195
q

Spoing:

Heat fbw Up from 700F.mmpartient temp. ti com~rtient temp: ~oo Loo 60 Wo 20 30 Stiffener web ~d .190 .192 .193
.200 .218 .220 .209 .199 .217 .219 .208 .199 .216 .218 .207

1
65 .172
.188 .199 .m .197

4
#tl. or Al.
*

II

fknge cOverei. .188 .180 .185

.198 .215 .216 .207 .198 ,212 .213 .206 .193 . mb .205 .m2

201 .219 .221 .209

heide Surface 67.7a 6a.07 6a*396a.7069.01069.3369. ~ 69*a3 TemD:

,

11

Frme Spcing: lat, 2LII 301, 36,, .h2n -ha

haide Swface

Hofizontd heat flow from 70F.compartment temp. h compartment temp: ~o 650 ~oo boo 100 mo 300 , 00 .171 .187 .195 .19a .19b stirfener<eb and fknge .171 .170 .169 .ti8 .la7 .186 .la6 .las .191) .193 .192 .191 .198 .197 .197 .197 .19L .19A .19b .19L covere i. .167 .Mb .lab .la2 *190 .la5 .19L .191 .193 .190 .159 .179 .182 .la7 .186

67.2267.5967.9768.3P 6ao75 69.1669.5a69.79

Temp:

Frame
Spacing* 0 la,, 24 3011 36n ~2,, Lam tifli& .158 .176 .180 .18k .la6

}leat flow dom from 70F. compert ~;bp.

U compartment tempf ~oo 20 300 bo b @o 6P

Sti: fenerI leb and flange coveret . . .15a .157 .156 .156 .157 .15L .17L .176 .176 .176 .175 .175 .lao .lao .180 .lao .176 .lao .18A .la3 .lal .la~ .lak .la~ .la6 .las .la5 .18h .la5 .185

.152 .170 .172 .178 .la2

~stl. or Al.

Su],f ace 66.17066.70067.2267.7568.2go 68.afl69.&169.70 Tf)lP I

4
m
@n5tnotion I bndition: u t & .233 .296
.377 .301 .210

II

D t .222 .2b7
.358 .272 .193

s.
Uo . 4W ~stition

Solar Satiation ............ ---WeatherAir b hgide Air.. .325

Sea Water to Inside Air .... ----

Inside Air to bgide Air... .330 Inside Air to Weather Air.. .235 .... .233 w, hside Air to Sea Water

bside Air to InsideAir... .212 ,8 ~~~~on Solar hdiation............ ---WeatherAir to InsideAir.. .193 s. Sea Waterh InsideAir. ,.. ---InsideAir to InsideAir... .196 fieidetir to Weatherti.. .178 w. h9ide Air to Sea Water .... .182 In9ideAir to IngideAir.. . .165 Sohr hdiation............ ---s. WeatherAir b. Wide Air.. .076 Sea Water to hgide Air.... ---hside Air to tigideAir... .078 1,1 hgide Air to WeatherAir.. .065 w. heide Air b Sea Water .... .067 heide Air h hside Air.. . .069 Solar Satiation ............ ---s.

.210 .190 .185 .183 .210 .186 .M5 .lb9 .153 .08L .07L .07b .077 .065 .066 .068
.082

---.180 .175 .171 .203 .17L .155 ---.~6 .085 .072 .075 .075 .063 ---.06b
.083

m.

U2.

Ln fi9uhtion Stl. or Q.

U3.

:,,: ,::,.,. ,.,,:: : ., ., !. { ;,..; ,~. ,,,,,. ~., ;;, .:,:,.,! ,, :.,. .,,: ~ .,. Ineide Air to Weather Air.. .06h +21! v. heide Air to Sea Water.... .065

Weather Air to Inglde Air.. .07b Sea Water to Inside Air.... ---haide Air to Inside Air... .077

.072 .075 .075 .063 .ob4

.070 .07b .073 .061

----

~side Air to fieideAir... .068 Solar hdiation............ ---WeatherAir to IngideAir.. .252 s. Sea Water to h8ide Air.... ---bgide Air to IneideAir.. .255 L heide Air to WeatherAir.. .267 u. hside Air to Sea Water .... .260 hgide Air to tieideAir... .230 S - boMng Seaeon

.066 .283 .226 .272 .230 .248 .2h3 .218

.064 .25k .196 .2&o .199 .220 ---.183

m.

U - HeattigSeaaon

95
-

Vdueo of mull &n Inafition

4
t

II

Wp

@nstruotAon I

Ootition I

& .26b .2& .255 .217 .233 .228 .206 .238 .197 .229 .199 *213 209 .190
q

Sob Mtiation..........0. WeatherAAr to IneideM.. a. goa wa~r b hside fir. Insideb b ~side ~..
q q q

--.237 .27h .*O

.239 .U6 .227 .190 .209 .203 .175 .217 .173 .207 .176 .192 .M7 .ti3 .195 .s9 .187 .U2 .175 .171 .M1 *W .U9 q U9 .W .U6 .m .131 .M2 .1A .s3 .136 .U1 .139 .127

m.

L tiaidaAAr h Weatherfir.. .250 w. Insidefir to~ Sea Water .... .ti Insideti to hside ~... .228 Sob Satiation ............ ~. Weathertir b ~ida ti.. 9ea Water ti ~aide fir.... &aide fir to ~ido ti... :;: +!;:: :::2:<:: !: * Ckmel II ~~~ ~11 ~~llln -Stl. ---.2U .45 .218

u. .

hBide ti to WeatherA*.. .226 v. heide Air to Sea Watir .... :::: ~ hside Air b -da ti... ---.19h .2M .196 .203 .199 .188 ---.M5 .181 .U7

tiz.

SO* Matiow ..... .. . .... Weatherfir ti reside, AAr.. 8. sea watar b Mside ~.. :: :, ~i.;:{:.;: :.!.;l(;.::::.;l.y:? fiaideAir b ~aide ~... L Ineidefir ti WeatherAAr.. u. Ineideti ti Sea W@ter .... hside AAr to hoide.. M... bn hallln ~ Stl.
q q

.212 .179 .206 .M1 .192 .188 .173 9179 .W .172 .U6 .X8 .s7 .ti7 ,171 :$; .s0 .U2 .s1 .%2

~11~~tlln Stl. .;. w !....,.. ,: P... . ...:!.,:. ,..., ., .1 ; ,0 . . . ::::::

q

SOW SatitAon............ Weathar@ b MaAda Air.. 8. g~ wa~r ~ ~aide W.... wide & b haAde W... &ide u. =de WW

.+

channel 9 .n, m

~ b Weatir AAr.. .W AAr w 9ea Wabr .... .M fir W tiide tie.. .253

u%

. ~ -1

90* SedAatin ........... ---Weatbr AAr * U.. :$ s. gea~w b .Ma Air.... mide UP to Mide *.,. .W 1 .M9 heide AAr b Uutir U.. .... ,U7 w. MaAda Air to sea W* resideAAr b -de m... .U2 S- Ooo* 9eaaon U - W-

Seamen

96

fable 19. Valued of 1 Ui Ln Inguktion

4
u t --.U8 .U1 .150 ~

II

VW

tinatruotionl ktlInailln Stl. :,: ::,., , ,::: . ..: :: :, : :..,;:.,, .:, : ,. .,. . . . . ..,., : . . . . :} .,, .,,,.. .,, .. . . . . I+:*I ~Channel ~ *II minite

bndi tion: Sohr bdiation........... WeatherAir to hgide Air. 9. Sea Water h IngideAir.... InsideAir b ~gide Air.. .

.MO .139 .15L .U1 .U3 .M2 .13L .U8 .130 .U3 .131 .133 .132 .125 .077 .069 .071 .071 .061 .062 .063 .076 .06C
.070 .070 .o@ .061 .063 .073 .066 .068 .068 .058 .059

m.

D + .151 .127 .Mb .129 .133 .131 .120 .Uo .119 .134 .121 .125 .123 .U .076 .oh .069 .068 .059 .060 .o& .075 .065
.068 .067 .058 .059 .059 .073 .063 .066 .065 .057 .057

IngideAir h WeatherAir.. .U9 w. IngideAir b Sea Watir .... .M7 InsideAir to IngideAir.. . .M3 ---.138 ,~9 .139

U1.

SOhr ~tiation............ WeatherAir to ~aide Air.. s. s~a ~jater ~ ~~ide Air.. .. .:,: : : ., :, ,.!.:,. :.,.; :,,,.. : :..,, ;,> .,,:.,; ,.:. ;.. :,, ,., ~gide Air to InsideAir... 1 : l hm Inatlln Stl. * Channel 7/811 Wrinite LM Inetl!n Stl.

hgide Air b WeatherAir.. .138 .... .137 w. ~side Air b Sea Water ~side Air to IngideAir... .133 ---~ .071 .072 .073 .062 .063 .065

122.

Sotir Mtiation............ WeatherAir to IngideAir. . s. Sea Water to InsideAir.... f. J : . ;,:,-,.: :.:.: :,: :.J.:.:., ,,. .,. . . . . .:.;-,:, Wgide Air h InsideAir.. . 1 :,::: figideAir to WeatherAir.. u. IngideAir to Sea Water .... chMel * heide fir h IneideAir.. . S.M.Hning ~11 Insllln Stl.

Sohr ~tiation............ ---Weatherfir to ~aide Air.. .070 s. sea water to Inside Air.... .071
Inside Air to Ingide tir... Ingidg Air to Weather Air.. baide Air b Sea Water.... hside Air b Ineide Air... .072 .061 .062 .06b ---.068 .069 .070 .059 .061

M3.

,: ,, ;. ,1 : ,,:,. :..,.,::, :.:.,::,.:. ; :: ,. :.:.,! ; ; ; ,: 1 ~: hannel 3JMII Maritite ~11~~111~ Stl. w.

u.

Sobr ~tiation . . .......... Weather Ur to ~aide ~r.. s. Sea Water to heide Ur.... .,.,,,....:,.,..:,., Inside Air to Ineide fir... ::: ;::;:: .;.;:;2: Ohannel 49 Mariniti w. : ~ide hide Air to Weather Air.. fir to Sea Water....

Wide

Air to ~ide

Air.. . .063

.061

.058

7able 19

Valuesof OUW Lm Instition Unatruotionl tinditioni Sobr hdiation............ WeatherAir to hside Air.. s. sea water to InsideAir.... Mgida Air to IngideAir. .. u

4
H ~
~

II
D
+

97

M5 .
*

Stl. ., ~.:,.. ,.,.:...,.::::::::,....:.... ,:::,.., . ... .. ..,..l, . . ,., .,,. .. ........... . .,,... 1 :.::

---.066 .067 .068

.071 .06b .066 .066 .057 .058 .059 .076 .067 .069 .070 .059 .060 .062 .075 .066 .068 .069 .058 .059 .061
.072 .06L .067 .067

x
.061 .06L .063

Channel 7/8tfl tiiniti

IngideAir b WeatherAir.. .058 W. IngideAir to Sea Water .... .059 IngideAir to fiaideAir... .061 F Sokr ~diation............
Weather Air to ~gide Air.. s. Sea Water b ~side Air.... tigide Air to haide Air...
----

.055 .056 .056 .075 .06b .067 .067

.069 .071 .072

126. IngideAir .teWeatherAir.. .060 .... .061 w. bide Air to Sea Water .063 figideAir to InsideAir... Sobr ~diatlon............ --WeatherAir to IneideAir.. .068 s. Sea Water to InsideAir.. i. .069 bsida Air to hside fir... .071 127,. InsideAir b Weather Air.. .059 w. InsideAir to Sea Water .... .060 .063 InsideAir to hside Air... :
Sotir ~diation ............ ---Weather Air to heide Air.. .066 s. sea Wa~r b fieide Air.... .068 ~ide Air b hide Air... .068

,058 .059 ,059 .07L .063 ,066 .066 .057 .058 .058
,071 ,062 ,06b ,U

120.

,., . F
:.>

s ? .:.}, ..,,.,,,.: ::, . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... .. . . .. . ..: . ..... .. ..

z.

::.,;:

channel A! Wniti

hel@ Air to WeatherAir.. .058 w, @ide Air to Sea Water .... .059 ,.~ide Air to fiaideAir... .061 ~
q

.057 .058 .060 .070 .063 .Oa .Oa

,055 ,056 ,057

,069 ,060 .062 ,062

U9 .

Sokr h~tion ............ --WeatherAir to tisldeAir.. .06L Sea Water to ~gide &.... .065 hida Air to, Meide Air... .066

Ineidatir to .Weather Air.. .056 u. kside Air to Sea Water .... .057 heide Air to hide &... .059

.05L ,055 .055

a
Valuesof Un 4H Instition

II

s-

@oMng

*a80n

U -

H@ttig Seaaon

emtiuonl

tinUUont

u A

9. Lo. w.

s. L v.

8. kz. u.

s.

43* w.

9. u . u.

101

Table 20 6 Insuhtion

me follwing t~es Of insulation are recommended for use on boundaries of mchine~ s~ces, boilerroom, uptakesand otherheat producing spacea. The surfacecoefficients are tised on the following tempenturea:
Cooling Seuon: Horizontal Casing Boundaries................ Vertical Casing Boundaries.................. AdJoining air conditioned specee............ 140 Uoo MO Heating Season: 700 700 Too

For eteel dech

over mchine~

spceB with insulation on top 245.

of deck plating, see ~ble 23, construction detail~ No. 244 ad

102 Tabb 20 Vnlwa of Iul 6,, fi~U~tiOn

6
It
u

II

P -

COnstructiOnt
Sohr

Contition:

A
.068 .060 .0L6 .We .051 .065 .058

+D
.072 .059 .ob6 .Oba .050 .069 .057

h5.

1
___ .

~tiation........... Weather Air to hside Air. 5* Sea Water to ~aide Air... InsideAir to ~side Air..
halde tir to Weathertir.

.061

.ob7 hside fir to Sea Water ... .o&8 hside Mr to hside fir.. .052

&6.

Sohr ~tiation........... Weathertir to ~side Al?. Stl. Sea Water to ~side Mr... .,., ., . . . . . . .,, . ...,,. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .059 btide Air to ~side M.. .,., ,:,::,:.:::l, :;,::.....,,....:. .,, ,, ,., ... .,:., ... .:.,, ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * , .,..,.;: ,y. : 61, ~SIIin 2!, ~~111~

w
S. Mglde Mr

.Ou

.0L6 .oh9

.0L5 .0L8 .@7

.a3

.ob3 .&5 .ti7 ---

to ~alde A&..

----

&7.
i. Meide Alr to Weide fir.. ----

.U

----

.. .-.

LE.

h9.

:}:, ,. ...: . ; :,; ,: .,., mE

:: ., .,:,, ,.,:, }.,:,., ..,,:::: ? , - * .:*,;;

j. ~aide tir to bai~

Air.. ----

.@6

----

d. hside Air to haide *..

----

.d2

----

&tt~Bllln 211fi*llln

S. ~side @

to IneldeAir..

----

.075

----

~hmel Wrinite :;{<<: .-$!

y~y,;; S.M.Uning

II

W. IneldeAir to ~side Air..

----

.073

----

S - 00oMng Season

W - }{eatingSeason

Tabk

20

Val~s of ?UI1
~,

6,,Ina@tiOn
.

6
t u & .073

II

Unatroction:

~ndition:

D ,1 --- .071 ----

,.

Eo.

,.: ~.. . ~11~*111~ ,.. ;, .:,.,.; 2,, ~~tlln s. ~aide tir to hsida Air.. ---;, ~,,, :: .),. ;,{ ;,.; :: :,/,,,, ::: ~ ~,,: mnnel 7/8~ ~ritite ,, . ::;! , .). . . . . . s.M.wg n. haide fir to Maide ti.. ---,,, :,/, :,., K ,,.

s. Ml. w.
..:

,.

s. 152. w.
,.

s. K3. w.

s. 15L . w.

S n ~o~ng

Season

W - HeatingSeason

Table 21

Acoustic Insulation

Acol]stic insulation which is used for nound attenuation, my

be

fit~erglass blanket covered v ~th perforated sheathing, Or the r]Kid ncollst 1c board. me perforated sheat;hin~is generally 3/~6th~ck

Mrine Veneer, Wsoni te Prestwood, Mrini te, or other approved type of similar mteriml. Perforated sheet metal 1a commonly used for coverlng

the acoustic insulation blanket in areas where high-grade finifihes are not:required. Blanket t~e ., insulation with perforated eheathing now avatlable

from ueveral manufacturers as a combined unit simplifies installation. me unit.aare generally secured to metal.furring with sheet metal screws

fitted through metal grommets through holes In the sheathing. me rigid type acoustic board is 1 nominal thickness, either in

psne.Lsor in tiles which are available in agbegtog, celotex, fiberglass or other simiLar materials of guitable density and perforations suitable for sound attenuation. For absorption of gound from nomal conversation, 1 blanket on the overhead i9 satisfactory, a 2 blanket genemlly is required at the overhead in bars, lounges, and other public spaceg. Where thermal insulation 19 a190 used for its acou9tic propertie9 the insulation is generally kept away from the sheathi~ and fastened directly to the steel bulkhead or overhead deck. In ve~ noisy compartments, ins+~l.lation of two 2-inch be necegsary for

hyers of insulation, seprated by a felt blanket, my ~atisfacto~ sound control.

105 Table Z1 Valueeof Utt: AcousticIn~tion.

tiw

@natruotiont 1. ~ Stl.

Oondition:

& + .568 .391 ,552 .397 .505 .L7L .376 .L17 .3U .L05 .3U .375 .358 .3~ :g .391 .3M :;g .292 .377 ,.289
.368 .293 :;% .279 .272 .221 .265

D .525 .32 .5M .3&7 .L05 .Mo .320 .396 .280 .38h .28b .317 .338 .26L .380 .272 .369 .276 .307 .320. .256 .358 .261
.3b9 .265 .291 .3U .46 ~ .ti7 i .193 .236

Sobr Wdiation........... ---Weatherfir to InsideAir.. .U2 g. sea watertO Mside Air... .595 ~sib & to hside Air.. .U8 hside Air to WeatherAir. .5bo w. hside Air to Sea Water... .508 heide fir to bside Air.. .b25 ~
q

X5. * ~ ga. perf.Shtg.

Sohr Cation ........... WeatherAir to heide Ur. Sea Water to ~side Air... ~side Air to, haida Air..

---.3M .~29 .3b7

M ga. perf.Shtg.

tieidaAir to WeatherAir. .39L w. ~eide Air to Sea Water. .. .376 InsideAir to ~ide ti.. .331 Soti htiation........... WeatherAir to heide Air. s. sea water ~ ~ei~ fir. .. fiaideAir to hsib &.. ---.332 .bu .335

ga. perf.Shtg.

Mside Air to Weathertir. .378 w. ~side Air to Sea Water... .3& ~si~ Air to hsida Air.. .321 Sohr Satiation........... ---WeatherAir to InsideAir. .3U s. Sea Water to fiside Air... .385
hside Air to fieide Air.. .320 .356 .3b3 .305

G8. haide Air to Weather Air. ga. perf.ShtgI w. ~~ide fir to Sea Water... hside Air to Inside Air..

s M9.

Sotir ~diation ........... ---Weather Air to Ingide A18. .2b3 . Sea Water to haide Air... .284

~side Air to heide Air.. .ti6 111 ~rf. *el haida Air to \ieather Air. .262 w. hgide Air to Sea Water. .. .254 baide Air to heide Ah.. .236

.2a .~6

.196 .220 .2U .U3

.ao
.2ti

S - OoolingSeaeon

W - HeatingSeason

106

Table 21. values of lu~ : Acoustic ~suticion. )

@instruction:

@*ltion

u
f

&
+

DI

M. ~

1,, ~ Sobr %dlation........... ---tl. Spc. ~, WeatherMr to Insidefir. .183 Sea Water to InsideAir... ~3 . . . .... . . .. . . . .. . . . . . Insidefir to ~gide Air.. 185 ~,, * ::;:,
q q

.199 .170 .19h .172 .M3 .180 .M5 .U9 .130 .ti3 .131 .,133 .U2 .126

.ti6 .153 .178 .155 .168 .165 .U6 .U2 .120 .13h .121 .125 .124 .U

Mel l!! prf. panel

bsik ALr b WeatherAh. .191 w. IneideAir to Sea Water ... .188 InsideAir to IngideAir.. .177 ---137 .ti8 .U9

Ml.

Sotir ~diation........... 2,, ~ tl. Air Spc. g* WeatherAir to Insidehr. Sea Water to InsideAir... . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. InsideAir to Ingidefir.. 1,! A :!:; - ..--.. hel !! psrf.~el ~411MHO tl.

tiaidefir to WeatherAir. ::; u . Mgide Air to Sea Water. .. baide fir to ~aide fir.. .U3

2. ~

s. hside Air to heids W..

.368

.2ti

U2 . s el m psrf.~el to fieida-.. u . tigideAir ~~ .352 .246

3/~fl ME ti3.

s. hside fir to hslds ti. . .351

.257

w. hside Air to hside fir.. .337

.239

s. u . w.

S - @oMg

Season

U = HeatingSeason

107 Tabb 21 ValWs of Un Acouotichstition

Con&tIon: u t & +

DoMtmotion:

., 9. U5. w. . . s. U . w.

9. U7 . ,; w.

9, m . u.

s. u 9. n,

S - @oMng

Season

W = Heattig Season

Wble

22

Wood Decking Wood deck covering iB ueed extensively at promenade and weather decks in ~ssenger areas, and at supergtncture decks in cargo ships. From the polnt of comfort it is considered the moat degirable deck covering, and !t requires little maintenance except scmbbing and periodic caulkjng. Deck planking generally specified is the best quality Dowhs Fir,

2-5/8 thick, applied edge grain up by 4-~/8wide, finishedsize, in plankg not neea than 16 feet long. In topsideareas such as the navigating

bridge,1-3/1) thickhuglas Fir or teak plankingmay be used. me mrgin plantfittedagainstthe deckhousela generally of teak, 8 by 3 inches, and
tapering to 2-5/8for properdrainage.

me planksare laid fore and aft, with the edge grain up. ~ey are
aet tn a thick coat of rust preventive compound, white lead ~8te being

c(]nsidered one of the best mterials to be used for the protection of the steel deck plates. me planks are fastened to the steel plating by means penetrating the

of studs which are welded to the steel platiog. Wits plating shmld not be used . me

stud holes in the planking are sealed

with bungs and the seams are caulked with one thread Of cOttOn and two threais of oakum then ~yed with a special type of elastic seam composition. Wood decking has a definite insutitlon mlue, ranging in ktlfactors from .82 for white pine to 1.44 for white ak. Where wood decking is used, me herican Sureau of Shipping permits thicknesses.

slight reduction in euperatructure deck phti~

Tabb 22 . Value of .PUm Wood bck timbinationa .

w )0.
L
-

Oonatmotiont . . Sohr

btition: , titit$on... ........ t i

ida*rtotiaide

w.

hsib
tir
to

fir**

.;

~D

Weatherfir. .&28 .27~ .2a .27h .3M .195 .249 .256 .208 .~6 .225 .Mh .2ti .2U

Weida tir to haide Air.. .347 Sohr Sadation.......... s. haida w beib v. hsida fir to haide fir.. .258 L3~1$ D.F. s. hnide tir to hsida 2, tiaidafir to Waather-. 3/MtlWmti ~.
AAr..

to wide

m,.

?.ir to Weath*rU.

Sohr ~tiation..........

haide fir to Maida Atr.. .248 Sohr htiation...........

s. hsiti Air to fisidafir.. .232 3. Wide *81 ~rititi . hsih fir to WeatherU. tir to hsida W.. .256 .22b .172 .202 .U9

Sohr ~tition ........... s. ~eide fir to hsida fir.. .207 4. ~Eide fir to WeatherM w. ~siti tir to ~sida Mr.. .201 Season .226

.U8

s-

@OMng

Seamn

U i Heat-

110 Tabh 22 Valuesof !Ul

Wood

hck bmblnationa
Contitiont t Sohr s. ~diation ........... .238 .259 .228 .19L u & J .259
.207

Construction:

haide Air to InsideAir..

.75.
InsideAir to Weather Air.
w. Inside Air to halda Air..

Sokr 9.

~diatlon ...........

.193

hside Air to Insidefir.. q ~97 hside Air to Weathertir. .2~ u. ~aide Air to tisidaAir.. .189 L3/h!tD.F. 8. hsida Air to @side Air.. .188 .77. tiaidaAir to WeatherAir. .199 3/161! ~riniti W* haide Air to keide Air.. q 181
Sour ~diation ........... .17L

.fi2

.K1 .184 .~6

Sobr SadiatiOn. ..........

.U5 .171 .ti6

hsida Air to ~side Air..

hside Air to Weather Air. .18L hBida Air to keide Air.. .M

.137 .S8 .136

~3/&llD.F. Stl. .79. Channel 7/8Wriniti 1 TF~.

SObr Mtiation........... s. haib Air to hside Air.. .-

InsideAir to WeatherAir. .168 . IneideAir to ti8ideAir.. .155 W - HeatSeaaon .128

9 - @oling Seaaon

,..

Tabk 22

Wood Mok Cotiinations

@natmction t
Sohr

Condition:

t
u
q

H
~ +

~tiation...........

.227 .185

s. ~side Air to hside Ati.. .210 hside Air to Weatherfir. w. InsideAh to hside Ur.. Sotir hdiation........... s. hbide Ah to heide W.. ~side Air to Weathertir. .177 .U8 .ml .173 .175 221

w.

.185
.138 .m .U3

hside Air to tiaidmAir.. .170

Sobr Iwdiation ........... s. Insidefir to IneideAir*. .170 M2 ,

w.
s.
t [.t~ 1.

heide Air to Weatherfir. .177 .13& .K7 .135

InsideAir to InsideAir. . .~3 .

Sokr ~tiation...........

InsideAir to resideAir. . .~8 MJ .

hside

Air to Weatherfir. q l& Alr to Ingih Air. . .152 .126 .M5 .u6

w. ~aih

Sohr Mtiation........... s. InsideAir to hside Air. . .U7 Wgide Air to WeatherAir. .152 v. Insib Air to hside Air.. .U2 S - @otig Seaeon
W- Heattig Season

.U9

112
Table 22

Valuesof U! Wood ~ok Combinations

Oonstructio,n: b3/b D.F. Stl.

Contition: t Solar Mdiation .......... 9. Inside Air to Inalde Air..

& \

D .2hl

.222 .236

.194

185. + 2. TFOB n. Ineide Air to Weather Air.

~aideAir to ~side Air.. .212 l-3/&nD.F. Stl. 186. :: :: ; 2,, ~~ Chnnel S.M.Mng InsideAir to WeatherAir. .195 w. InsideAir to InsideAir.. .178 SObr btiation........... 8. bside tir to WSide fir.. .177 M7* Insidefir to WeatherAir. .ti6 v. Insidefir to Insidetir.. .170 1-3/411 D.F. Stl. ,. . SOMr ~tiation.......... 9. ~Bide Air to hside fir.. .ti5 hside Air b WeatharAir. .172 w. ~~ Air to tialdeAir.. .159 heide Sobr ~tiation.. ........
9.

.182
,

Sotir Mdiatlon.......... s. heide Air to IneldeAir.. .~86

.183 .Eb

,?

.W .175 .U9

.U9 .163

M8.

: :::
2,, TF~

.40

CbMEl ~n Mrinite L3/LtlD.F.

stL

.U1 .U1

. ., Aq~ !. . . . . .. . . . . . . .,. . . ...7. . . . . . . . . .. ,. :...

In8ide Air to Inside fir.. Inside Air to Weather Air. w. ~side Air to Inside Air..

.152 .158 .47

.130

189.

I - -~

.123

S - Cooling Season

V - Heating Seaaon

Tabh 22
Valws Uood of nun

Deck timbinations

@netmotion t

titition t

u A
+

U3flW D.F. Stl. 1~. :: !:: ::: f; + 2. TF~

So~r Satiation .......... s. haide Air to IneideMr.. .172

.185 .155

~eide Air to Weatherfir, .178 u. hside Air to ~side U.. Sobr Satiation .......... 3. Mside fir to haida U. .Uo .129
.<

q M5

.~6 .M9

U1.

,; It k 1 -Ide u. haide Air to hside fir.. .U Sotir ~~ation .......... Weide Air to tisidefir.. haide Air to WeatherAir. .120 .U3 Air to WeatherAir. .U3

.U5
.ti8

.125
-.

hside Air to balde Air.. .139 l-3/hnD.?, tl. 193. : ; : :; 20 ~~ *W1 @ WrU@ haide Air to Weatherfir. .139 = ~side Air to ~side Ah.. Sobr Satiation.. ........ s. hside Air to Insidefir.. .127 InsideAir to WeatherAir. .130 w. IngideAir to Mgide Air.. .123 .U1 Sobr ~dAatiOn.......... s. InsideAir to ~ide Air.. .136

.U7. .135 .m

.U .126 .U2

L3/b LF. st~ ., :..,.,,.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . Mb 2. TF~ channel * 7/a~ tititi

.ti

S = tioMng Season

W = bati~

Soaaon

Table22 value s of
Wood Deck Iuft

Combimtione

~e

Conatruotionl

Cotition:
t

&

D
+ .296 .231

s.
195. +

;o~r ~diation...........

w.
.220

r
196. =

2-5/8m

D.F. 9. kside Air to.In6ideAir.. .219 haide Air to WeatherAir.

[neide Air to Ineide Air
q

.213 .177

r Stl.

w.

ti5
.166 .

.24

$oUr ~tiation ...........

.202 .169

s.
1974

w.
~eide Air to Ineideti.. .m3
I I .160

-.-

Sotir htiatlon........... 9.

.187 .158

198.

w.

1994

S- OooM~

9eaaon

I
s, u.

.U9 .170

IneideAir to InsideAir.. .174 IneideAir to Weatherfir.I

.190

I
I

.u6

baide Ati to hside Air.. .171 W = ieati~ Seaeon

.139 ..

,.

115
TaQle 22 Values of l!Un

Wood md

Combination

Oonatmctionl

Con&tIon1 t Sohr
s. ~diation . . ... . . ...

& +
.209

~aide Air to IngideAir.. .195 200. L 1,, TFCB w. InsideAir to InsideAir.. .190 Sohr bdiation. .......... s. ~aide Air to InsidoAir.. .fi7 201. haide Air to WeatherAir. .177 w. IngideAir to IneideAir.. .162 2-5/6~fl D.F. Stl. Sotir bdiation... ........ tiaideAir to InsideAir.. .160 IngideAir to WeatherAir. .2~

.173

.166 .16L .U1

.133 .157

2Y

%,.

1n9i~Airt0 weatherAir q ~70 InsideAir to ~aide Air.. .156 Sour &diation...........

;:

.U7 .1*

9. haide Air to ~gide Air.. .150 203. f tiaideAir to WeatherAir. .158 w. hside Air to kgide Air.. .~6 Sobr Wdiation.......... s. IngideAir to hside Air. . .Uo m. IngideAir to WeatherAir. .N7 w. hgide Air to InsideAir. . .136 S - ~oling SeaBon .U5 .121 .122 .138

W - Heating Seagon

116
rable22 Valuea of t U II

Wood M ok Mmbinations

Constmction:

ConMtion:

t u

&

I D .M8

Sotir ~diatiOn ........... s, ~side Air to ~side Air.. D5. ~alde Air b u. fieide Ur Weather Ur. .m6 .176

.U8

to hside ~..

.171

.E1
.E1

Sohr Mdiation..... ...... 9. Mside Air b ~side Ah.. haide Air to Weatherti. u. haide Air b 2neldeAir.. .M8 .G2 .m

.U1

.123 .Us .126

Sohr ~tiation........... s. In9itiAir to hside Air.. .U7 37. 4 hside Air to WeatherAir. .s3 u. @side Air to haide Air.. .M3 2-5/811 D.F. Stl. ,, 1,, TF~B channel ~ Wriniti Sotir tidiation ........... s. fisideAir to heide Air.. .U8 hside Air to WeatherAir. .U w. Mside Air to hside Ah.. Sohr btiation........... s. fiai~Air to ~9ide Air.. .129 resideAir to Weatherfir. .U5 w. IneideAir to heide Air.. .126 S- holing Season W = HeatingSeaeon .135

.Mo .137 .120

)8.

.ti .u8 .U

.m

117 Table22
valma Wood

Of nu1

Deck Cotiinatiom u t & D

@nattiotion t

Oondition t Sobr ~tiation........... s. Waide Air to hside Mr..

.197 .M5 .ti5

2M. Wside fir to WeatherAir. .197 u. fiaideAir to ~side &.. Sotir ~diation..........~ 9. Wside Air to haide Air.. .X8 InsideAir b WeatherAir. q U7 u. S .M. Mning Inei& Air to heide Air.. .m Sob s. haide Air to tieideti.. 2U. .s3 ,131 ~diation......o .... .128 .U1 .U5
q

~79

.157 .157

L @nnel

2,1 T~

fisida

+r

to

Weather

Air.

q M
.U8

3/MllMriniti
2-5/8fl D.F. stL

w. haide Air to ~side ti.. Sohr Mediation.......... s. baide Air to fiaideW.. @ide w. hside Air to Maide W.. Sokr Satiation ........... s. ~siti Air to ~sih Air.. q m .Uo .U3

.123
.ti2 .la

. . .. .. . . . 2U.

. .. .. .. .

2W T~ eel Au ~rtite

Air to WeatherAir. .s0 .n7 .U2 .U7

.2*8 hside Air to WeatherAir. .Uo w. ~aide Air to hside &.. .131 .U

S - Coohg

Seaaon

W= HeatingSeaaon

118 Table 22 values of u

Wood h ck Combination

Constnotion t

Condition I Sobr ~diation........... s.

&

.U7 .136

~gide Air to InsideAir.. .M9 2U. In9ideAir to WeatherAir. .155 w. fi9ideAir to fieideAir.. q U Sotir ~~ation ........... s. heide Air to ~eide Air.. .U2 ~side Air to WeatherAir. .u6 u. heide Air to helde Air.. .U9 Sokr %diation........... ,9. hside Air to ~eide Air.. .L27 217. haide Air to WeatherAir. .131 w. ~aide Air to Meide Air.. .124 Sobr Satiation..., ....... s. kgide Air to hside &.. .121

.Uo .U1 .U

.U .126 .U2

.106 .120

.U7

Meide Air to WeatherAir. .14

w.

hside Ur

to ~side tir..

.W

..U2

Sobr s. ~eide 219. ? hgide w.

btiation Air to

. . .. . . .. . .. bside Air.. .@

..M2

Air

to

Weather

Air.

.U7

hside Air to hgide Air.. .lU S = OOoMng ~eaaon W- HeatingSeaeon

.097

119

Tabb 22 Valwa of U wOOa Mok Oomblmtlona

OonstNotion t

Condition t Sotir bdiation............ s. mslaa m haiti h n. Mside Mr to ~sida M.. So& s. MS1* m to moiti m.. tiation ........... to msiaa m... to Weather*.

u t

& t

D .U8

.Uo .U2 .Uh

.lW

.M2 .130

.@ .M7 .120

.lM

~sida Air b WeatherMr. w, hsida Air to Mside ti..

.m

9. 222. u.

9. 223, n.

s. 2a* w.

9-

Oootig 9aason

V - Wating Sea-

Table 23 Magnesite Deck Coverings

Wgnesite {S a widely used finish deck covering at crew and working spnces and ~ssages . It has excellent wearing qualities, is easy to m~~intain, and is available in colors. A thickness of l/2 8CratCh coat, over which a quarter inch thick hard coat is troweled to a smooth finish is satisfactory for deck areas subject to normal wear. other areas subject to heav traffic a 3/4 scratch At passages and
hard coat

and 1/4

application is recommended. To prevent corrosion of the deck under the magnesite, the steel should be thoroughly cleaned and a barrier consistil]g be applied prior to the installation of of two coats of Koml sho>lld the mgnesite. Regular magnesite scratch c~t has an insulation k-mlue of 5.60.

referredto aS ~S Insulation scratch coat (Selby @2-Oil), hereinafter

has a lk factor Of 1.88. me

to its insulation valueand the slight

for installation in accOreodifference in price, the MIS Is preferred

dations over unheated bridge enclosures and other spaces with aimilar exposure. Where heavier topside insulation is required on decks over mchinery

spaces and heated oil tanks, the installation of Kaylo blocks under the magnesite coating hae proven effective. The steel deck must be thoroughly cleaned and covered with two coats of Koml> before the Kaylo Block iG installed to prevent corrosion. The average heat transmission through the Kaylo-~nesite tion Is .22 B~/KR. /SQ.FT./~. compos~-

for a combination of 1 Kaylo Block, one and 1/4 hard coat. This installation

~yer of 15} felt paper, 3/4 ~S,

of will yield on approximate improvement of 33$ over a usual installation 3 mineral WOO1 and sheathing betweenthe beams below deck.

121
Table 23 Ma~esite Wck .
.

~veringa:

Insti~ationMtiil K~k-Na@eeite bmbinati on. & 2L5). # ~-002), ~~ t~~*

(OcnetmctionaNo. U

Mmeeite Hard mat Finish (Sew ~~eeite

~stited Scratch(Selby# 92-OU), 3/hn ~~. Bend stud o-r weher.

2 ooateof Komd

WeM stude1211 oenterto oenter ti nws 6N a-. At pfiter of spaoe,WM studs6fl center to oenter,3ti fmm btieada.

-He~eaia Bbok, orKV1O Bhok, or equal.

HUT TWM~SSION

@WFICIENTS :

IIkll fOr steel ......................................300.00 !!klt for~tiooatkg .......................... Meregard IIkll for~~esia Block .............................. 0.51 nkn fOr Kaylo Block ................................. 0.33 ,Ikll fOr~# felt paper ............................. 0.25 ilk!) for 3.~# galva~zed . ..................... Diaregd tlktl for ~atited Scratch. .......................... 1.88 Nkl$ for mrd mat . .......... ... ................. 6.00 nfpl$ flowup at 800~ ................................ 1.65 fall flou up at ~0 F.............................. . 2.57 !lfP,t f~do~ at goof .............................* 0.90 !Ifell f~wh~ at 50 F.............................. 1.U

9 n ~oling Season

W=

Heating Sea~n

123

Valws of nun
Mweeite ~ok Coveringo

S =

@otig

Senaon

W = HeattigSeaeon

Tnbh 23 Valwo of OIUI*

Wme site Mck Covefings

S - CoolingSeason

W- HeatingSeason

S =

00oMng

Seaeon

U - Heattig 6eaeon

Table 23 Values of IUI Mgnea ite Deck ~verlngs

9 - holing Seaaon

M - Heating Season

Special Constructions

Construction details No. 250, 251 and 252 should not be considered as suitable for insuktion and pertiin to anti-sweat treatment for carKo or

holds, voids, store room, and similar s~cea boundingon the w-ther eea water where no heating in provided. me are based on the following tempentures:

inside surfaces coeff~cientB

Cooling Seamon: Compartments above waterline..................... Com~rtmente below waterline..................... Adjoining ventihted smces ......................

Heating Season:
20 :::

1100
900
900

----------------

Conntmction detiils No. 253 ~d between fuel oil settling ta~

254

apply to vertical boundaries Since the flow of oil is and is

and holds.

eporadic and of low vel~ity, the liquid la considered statiom~ it is therefore aseumed that the interior tank eurfme tem~nture the same M

the tempenture of the liquid. Surface coefflclenta on the on the follmi~ temperatures:

hold side of the tink are heed

Cooling Season............ 90% . Heating Season............ 35%.

----------------For inaukted deck construction detailsover tanke,see ~ble 23, ~nesia

and ~nesite deck coverings.

Table 2h

Valuesof lUl 9poial OOnstrootiOne

@nstnotion t

Contition t

u A t 1.53 ---1.06 .71 .98 .93 .@ 1.63 ---l:g

Sohr ~tition ..... . ...... ---Weatherfir to halde tir ---9. ~~ide fir tO Sea Water... 1::; ~gide fir to Insidefir.. 29. Oran.Oork -t baide fir to WeatherU. 1.17 w. hside ,firto Sea Watir... L09 fiaide~r to hside Mr.. .75 Sobr Satiation .......... ---Weatherfir to baide tir. ---9* hside ti to 9ea Water... L29 ~side Ur to hside &.. .92 hside Air to Weatherfir. 1.24 v. Weide Ati to Sea Water... l.u heiti M to Mlde fir.. .77 Sohr hdtation........... ---Weathertir to ~side tir. ---9. fielde~r to sea water.. L 25 .91 Insidefir to belb Ur..
q

D t 1.27 ---.92 .57 .82 .79 .L6 1.33 ---.96 .59 .85 .82 .47 L 29 ---:;:

251.

1.02 .96 .62 L57 ---1.08 .72 Loo .95 .61

52*

hside flr to WeatherMr. 1.21 u. tiaideh to Sea Water... 1.U haide Ur to hside ~.. ..76 3W Fhetig b3/bn D.F. HoU W39 6M Fhstig w. Tank to hide W... ..... ----

.8& .81 .L6

Stl. 253. T~ = T gt~ ;;

s. Tank h Wide

Ur........

.42

---

.39

---

2. ~a Wire Wenh

s. Tank to tilde ti ........ ----

.090

25~. g

~ ~350 3/h tir SP09 L3/Lu ~.F. n. Tad to hide ~~

S-

m... ..... -

.089

1.

:,

tiltig Sea@on

U Heatbg Seaeon

Table 2U Valuesof Un SPoial Constnctions

tinstmction i

tintition I

& +

9. 255. u. . . s. 256. u. -. .

s. 257. u.

s. 258. u.
*

s. 259 . w.

S -

boMng

SOaaOn

W - Heat@

Seaeon

Appnti

11 C,t ~ot~~*

f ~~

Varioua ~ee

of @nstmotion.

.70

.Lo
.30

.m
.M

.0s

,. .,

.80
.70

80

70

.& (t. o . .. b : .~o Q ,x > z 1 .Lo

50

Lo

.30

30

.20

2U
.

.U

.05

05

Mean Temperature F.

.,

,.

,.

,,

*S.

The-1

Conduotitity of Mterials.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENC~

1.

Do&TlnE Fir Plpood AssociatIon, Tacoma 2, Washington, - Technical bta BulJ.etin, Section 5, dated 1 November 1958.

2.

U. S. ForestProductoLaboratory, ~dison, Wi~c Onain,- Technical Notes NO. 218 and 248.

3.

RVAC Guide 196o,The berican Societyof Heatingand Ventilating

Engineera.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11,.

Buffalo Forge Fan E:ngineerlng, 5th Edition. .Jennings and Lewis Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Jrd Edition. Chemical Engineering SerieB - Wm. H. tiAdams - Heat fiansmission.
....

F. W. Hutchingon - Industrial Rest fiansfer. Mx

,> ,?. *A

iJakoband G. A. Hawking - Elements of Heat Transfer, 3rd Edition. ;, f, U. S. N. Bureau of Ships Design ~ta Sheet D~3~l-1, dated 27 July 1950. U. S. N. Bureau of Ships Degign ~ta Sheet D~3901-1, dated 1 Dec. 1948.

Mtid Arnott - Design and Construction of Steel Merchant ships, published by SN~ 1955.

12. 13.

Johns-kntille Corp., 22 East 40th Street, New York 16,. N. Y. Owens-Corning Corporation, Industrial & Commercial Construction Mterlals Div. 717 Fifth Ave., New York 22, N. Y.

14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

The Wsonite Corporation, 111 West Washington St., Chicago 2, 111. Selby, Battersby & Co., 5220 Whitby Ave., Phihdelphia 43, Pa.

me CelotexCorporation, 120 SouthLaSalleStreet,Chicago3, 111. CrOSs field ProductsCorporat ion, 142 Valley Road, Roselle Park, N .J.
U. S. Coagt Guard, Equi~ent Lists - Itemg approved or accepted under ~rine Ing~ct ion and Navigation Laws (CG-190), April 2, 1962.

19.

U. S. CoastGuard; Navigation and Ina~ction CircularNo. 6 - 54, ~ical ClaSS A-60,A-30, A-15 and A-O
22 September, 1954. RulMeads and Wcks, dated

20.

U.

S.

Department of Co~erc e, National Sureau of Stand]rds report

#151, - ~ermal Resistance of Air~~ces and FibrousInsulat~Ona boundedby reflective surfaces .~

,
.L.

5U?fL~MENT

.,<.4

!,,, ,.

,.--
5 ,0,

$: i ..

~oNoED ,893

,, .,,,..

The Society of Naval Architects

601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY
CIV, NEW JERSEY,

and Marine
07306.201 798-4600

Engineers
q

FAX 201796-4975

April 7,1998 Mr.B- Weismm AlanC.McCIW Assoc. Inc. 2600Souti Gessner Suite 504 Houston, ~ 77063 DearMr.Weisman: We acknowledge receipt ofyourletter ofMarch 30,1998advising oftheconfusion regarding the deftition ofthek value for ~ermd Conductivity as listed on page 2 of T&R Bdletk4-7 Thermal Insolation Report. Thewording of the definition does indicate that the one inch ofthickness is part ofthe deftition which asyoupotited out is not correct. Thek value instandard heat transfer cdcdations refers toa standard 1inch tickness ofmaterial and the forrmda is B~~WSq.Ft.loF. Inasmuch astie bdletin is over 30years old andthere m no longer printed copies available when requests are received for this bdletin copies are madekm a master copy. We have comected the master copy by placing tie words (one inch of thickness) in brackets to indicate it is
a notation and not pmaster copy. of the forrrtda. Attached is a copy of tie page as now included in the

We tian you for dling

this confusion to our attention. .

Charles W. W]lson Technid Coordinator

A
March 30, 1998

Alan

C.
ASSOCIATES,
. Engineers

McCLURE

INC.

Naval Architects

The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Publications Department 601 Pavonia Avenue Jersey City, NJ 07306

Dear Sirs, I have discovered an error in the SNAME Technical and Research Publication No. 4-7, Thermal Insulation Report. Page 2 of the report holds Definitions and Symbols for the subject of Heat Transfer. It is the units msociated with the variable k, Thernrul Corrduciivi&, that is in error. The units are reported to be BTU/HWSq. FI./ OF/one inch of (hickness. This expression could be written

BTU ashrft20 Fin

BTU , but the standard units fork found in most references is hr, ft,O F

Ifyou

study the dimensional units in each, you will note that the first expression has three length values (fiA2*in) in the denominator. This is incompatible with the single length value in the denominator of the second (and vastly more popular) expression. Clearly, something is omiss, If I wanted to take standard k values for a unit foot thickness of a substance mrd convert them to values for a unit inch thickness of the same substance, the derivation would look like this:

This mea;s data provided within the report for unit inches of thickness ue to be divided by 12 to convert them to the standard unit foot of thickness. This makes perfect sense because we are talking about Conductivity. The smaller thickness (one inch) is capable of transmitting more heat than the larger thickness (one foot) by a factor of 12, This has also been confirmed by checking vatues in the report for such materials as oak, fiberglms, and water against numerous other references.

T&R 4-7 Error

2600

South G,%,..,. Suite504.

Houston.Texas77063-3270.

(7 13) 789-1840.

Fax: (7 13) 789.1347 . E.Mail: if.@.cm..ic.c.m

Alan C,
McCLURE ASSOCIATES, INC.

One reference reported the units as

BTU hr~z.~

which lends some insight into the way they

were recorded in the SNAME T&R, This could be expressed as

BTUin hrfi20F

Dimensionally,

this puts one length unit in the numerator which could cancel one in the denominator and would be compatible with the more popular expression. The last two expressions are both correct, hence either would be a suitable amendment to the T&R bulletin. It would also be useful if you provided the following conversion table as a supplement:

w rno c

0.57779

BTU

hr. ft. F

1~

= 6.93349

BTU hr@2~

1 hr.fi2.~-~2hrfi0F

BTU

BTU

Your cooperation in amending this bulletin is greatly appreciated. Best regards, AlanC. McClure Associates, Inc.
., , :

,,.

Brain Weisman SNAME 4584680

T&R 4-7 Error

D~INITIONS _ AND SY~OH _ me following 18 a list of comonly use: standard terms and symbols.

Special terms and e~bols ueed in the text are defined where used.
A=

Bomdary area in square feet, This is the plane boundary area, not including the surface area of the stiffeners.

a=

Specific area indicated.

aa = Air Space. B~ = British Thermal Unit. The quantity of heat.required to raise the

temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at or near

.

its m~imum
c=

density.

~emal

Conductance of structure or material, B~/~/Sq.Ft. /0F for

Thi9

given thickness.

doee not include the conductance of the fS. ,/F.

surface film c0efficient9 fp wd f=

Total surface film coefficient = (hc + hr) B~/~/Sq.Ft

fi = Inside surface film coefficient. fo = Outside gurface film coefficient.

fp=

Smface

film coeffIcient on the plane aide of a deck or bul~ead. coefficient on the stiffenerside of a deck or bulkhead.

fe,= Surface film

h=

Heat transfer coefficient, BW/HS/Sq.Ft ./F. ... .

ho = Overall heat transfer coefficient, ~/~/Sq.Ft./%. hc = Heat transfer gurface film coefficient by convection, BN/~/Sq.Ft .j~ ,

hr = Heat trangfer surface film coefficient by radiation, BTU/~/Sq.Ft ./F. @# k= ~ermal Conductivity of mteriala, B~/~/Sq.Ft ./%/[one inch of thicknegg. L=

Length of heat flow path = total depth of stiffener . lerigthof web + length of f~nge.

1=

Depth of the covered part of a stiffener.