Fixing of Rebar in Concrete

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection
mortar FIS V and FIS EM

5.1
Types ......................................................................................306
5.2
Applications ..........................................................................307
5.3
Features and advantages ..................................................308
5.4
Installation ............................................................................308
5.5
Design ....................................................................................310
5.6
Design tables........................................................................316
Status 11/2009
305
Post-installed rebar connections

with Injection mortar FIS V and FIS EM
5.1
Types
Injection mortar
FIS V 360 S
Injection mortar
FIS VS 360 S
Injection mortar
FIS V 950 S, FIS VS 950 S
Injection mortar
FIS EM 390S
Static mixer FIS S
Description
The scher injection mortar FIS V is a styrene-free hybrid mortar that consists of an organic
binder (vinylester) and a mineral binder (cement). Resin and cement as well as water and
hardener are stored in two separate chambers and are not mixed and activated until pushed
through the static mixer.
Advantages over synthetic mortars
Higher temperature resistance compared to epoxy, polyester and vinylester resins

Improved chemical resistance
Reduced shrinkage
Less sensitive to hole cleaning
Resin is alkaline, providing improved corrosion resistance
Higher and more consistent loadbearing capacity
Advantages over mineral mortars

Shorter curing time
Easy installation due to cartridge form
306
Status 11/2009

5.2
Applications
Extension of cantilevered slabs and refurbishment of slab edges.

Bent reinforcement can be easily installed
using FIS V.
Starter bars for extending concrete walls.
Starter bars for closing openings.
5
Anchoring of staircase landings.
Connection of a cantilevered slab to the edge

of a concrete oor using spliced bars.
Starter bars for concrete columns.
Status 11/2009
307

5.3
Features and advantages
Time and cost savings compared to traditional break-out and making good of concrete elements
Subsequent exible planning resulting in
easy change of use or easy extension of
buildings
Dened performance in accordance with
assessments and approval documents
Design in accordance with EC2 like cast-in
rebars
Resin is alkaline, providing improved corrosion resistance
5.4
Installation
Drilling process
Position of drill hole should be provided by the
design engineer.
Brushing of the drill hole

The drill hole must be brushed out 3 times
using the stainless steel brush from the scher
range.
Blowing-out of the drill hole

The drill hole must be blown-out 3 times from
the bottom of the hole using the compressed
air lance from the scher range (oil free compressed air 6 bar).
For precise drilling parallel to an existing surface a drilling aid is available from the scher
range to ensure deviations 2 %.
Injection of the hybrid mortar FIS V

Filling the drill hole from the bottom with FIS V.
Blowing-out of the drill hole

The drill hole must be blown-out 3 times from
the bottom of the hole using the compressed
air lance from the scher range (oil free compressed air 6 bar).
The scher injection aid is attached to the end

of the extension nozzle. Back pressure is created to avoid any air bubbles being present.
Inserting the rebar

With strong pressure and simultanous twisting
action the rebar is inserted into the hole.
After curing the rebar may be loaded.
308
Status 11/2009

For optimum installation scher oers a comprehensive range of equipment.
Injection guns
...guaranteed no-tiredness injection by oering a hand operated gun for small jobs and
a pneumatic gun for professional high volume
use.
System kit
...contains all the important equipment for
correct installation.
The system kit contains a drilling guide, extensions for the steel brush, injection aid, cleaning lance, steel brushes and further useful
equipment. It also contains the installation
instructions and a check list for documentation of the installation process.
The injection aid

...makes it easy to ll the holes without air
bubbles. The aid is attached to the end of the
extension nozzle. Using this enables the back
pressure to be felt easily.
The FIS V extension nozzle

...enables the hybrid mortar to be transferred
to the bottom of the drill hole.
The drilling guide

...is part of the system kit. It is an aid to ensure
minimum deviation from the desired position
(see rst gure of the installation instructions).
The brushes
...ensure properly cleaned drill hole walls. The
use of stainless steel brushes guarantees a
perfect removal of the drill dust.
Status 11/2009
The scabbler
...is used to remove the carbonated concrete
surface, in order to expose the aggregates to
provide a good keying surface for transmitting
shear loads.
309

Table 5.1:
Gelling time
Example:
Concrete temperature
A rebar with a diameter of ds = 20 mm

should be installed with an anchorage length
of 850 mm. The required volume of resin is:
VFIS V = k lv = 1.77ml/cm 85 cm
= 150.45 ml
Setting time [min]

FIS V
FIS VS
+ 5 C
+ 10 C
18
+ 15 C
12
+ 20 C
+ 25 C
2.5
+ 40 C *)
2 *)
5.5.
Design
5.5.1 Basics
*) With temperatures above 30 C to 40 C the cartridges have to be cooled

down to 15 C ... 20 C (water bath or cool box).
For the assessment of post-installed rebars

under tension two methods are available:
Table 5.2:
Curing time
Concrete temperature
Design in non-reinforced concrete (anchor

theorie)
The loads are transmitted to the concrete
using its tensile strength. Possible modes
of failure are concrete failure, pull-out of the
anchor from the drill hole and steel failure. The
design can be done in accordance with the
CC-Method (see Annex A).
Curing time [min]

FIS V
FIS VS
- 5 C
360
0 C
180
360
+ 5 C
90
180
+ 10 C
80
120
+ 15 C
60
90
+ 20 C
50
60
+ 25 C
40
45
+ 30 C
35
35
+ 40 C
25
25
Design in reinforced concrete

The load is transmitted to the existing reinforcement by compression struts. The design
is done similarly to the design of cast-in rebars.
The following parts of this design guide deal
exclusively with the design in reinforced concrete based on EC2.
Required volume of resin

V FIS V =
d 20 - d 2S l v = k l v
The equations and the construction guidance

are based on the assumption that the transmission of loads, e. g. to the supports, follows
requirements of the reinforced concrete regulations. Possible national regulations have to
be observed.
Where:
VFIS V = mortar volume [ml]
lv
= anchorage length [cm]
d0
= drill diameter [mm]
ds
= rebar diameter [mm]
Extensive test series show that the bonding

behaviour of post-installed rebars using scher
FIS V in concrete with a strength class up to
C30/37 does not dier compared with castin rebars, provided that the installation of the
rebars is done in accordance with the scher
installation instructions.
Table 5.3:
Factor k for calculation of the mortar volume V FIS V
Rebar diameter ds [mm]
Drill diameter d0 [mm]
Faktor k for the required volume of resin [ml/cm]
310
8
12
10
14
12
16
14
18
16
20
20
25
25
30
28
35
32
40
0.63
0.75
0.88
1.01
1.13
1.77
2.16
3.46
4.52
Status 11/2009

Generally the design of post-installed rebars

and lap splices can be done in accordance
with EC2. There are some minor deviations
regarding the condition of application, e.g.
minimum anchorage length, behaviour under
re and minimum concrete cover.
Where:
Design with higher bond strength than those

recommended in the national regulations
is not recommended because a signicant
increase in displacement of the bar has to be
expected.
= partial safety factor of the material
5.5.2 Partial safety factors for actions
The bond strength of cast-in rebars depends

mainly on the surface prole of the bar, the
dimensions of the structural component and
the inclination of the bar during concreting.
Dead loads
1.0
1.35
Variable loads
1.5
ds
= diameter of the rebar
fyk
= yield strength of the rebar
5.5.4 Bond strength - required anchorage length

5.5.4.1 Bond conditions
Table 5.4:
Partial safety factor
Unfavourable
(increasing of loading)
= design value of the tensile resistance for steel failure
= 1.15
The partial safety factors for actions may be

taken in accordance with EC2:
Favourable
(reducing of loading)
NRd, s
Good bond conditions exist (EC2, Section

5.2.2.1):
a) When the rebar has an inclination of 45 to
90.
Direction of concreting
5.5.3 Steel values of resistance

The value of resistance of a rebar under tension depends on the material properties (yield
strength, tensile strength) and on the crosssectional area of the bar.
N Rd,s =
d 2s yk
4
s
b) When the rebar has an inclination of 0 to

45 and the thickness of the structural component in the direction of concreting is not
greater than 250 mm.
(5.1)
Table 5.5:
Design value NRd,s of the tensile resistance as a function of the nominal yield strength
Diameter of rebar ds [mm]
10
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
40
437.1
Design value NRd,s of the tensile resistance for steel failure [kN]
fyk [N/mm2]
Status 11/2009
400
17.5
27.3
39.3
53.5
69.9
109.3
170.7
214.2
279.7
420
18.4
28.7
41.3
56.2
73.4
114.7
179.3
224.9
293.7
458.9
460
20.1
31.4
45.2
61.6
80.4
125.7
196.3
246.3
321.7
502.7
500
550
21.9
24.0
34.1
37.6
49.2
54.1
66.9
73.6
87.4
96.2
136.6
150.3
213.4
234.8
267.7
294.5
349.7
384.6
546.4
601.0
311

Poor bond conditions for rebars in the

un-hatched areas.
5.5.4.2 Design resistance of the bond

strength
c) When the thickness of the structural component is greater than 250 mm and the rebar
is located in the lower half of the component.
The load bearing capacity and the displacement behaviour of a post-installed rebar using
FIS V is similar to that of a cast-in rebar up to a
concrete compressive strength of 30 N/mm2,
measured with cylinders.
f bd = 2.25 1 2 fctd
(5.2)
Where:
1
= 1.0 for good bonding conditions

= 0.7 for all other conditions
d) When the thickness of the structural component is greater than 600 mm and the rebar
is located at least 300 mm from the upper
surface of the component
= 1.0 for ds 32 mm
fctd
= (ct fctk,0.05/c)
= influence of long-term performance
= (132 - ds)/100 for ds > 32 mm

ct
= 1.0
fctk, 0.05 = lower limit of characteristic tensile strength of concrete (5% fractile)
c
= safety coecient for the concrete

= 1.5
Good bond conditions for rebars in the

hatched areas.
With post-installed rebars the correct installation (drilling, cleaning, injection, inserting the
rebar) has a strong eect on the load bearing
capacity and the displacement behaviour.
Table 5.6:
Design values of the bond strength
Concrete strength class 1)
1)
2)
3)
C 12/15
C 16/20
C 20/25
C 25/30
Characteristic compressive strength (measured with cylinders) fck
[N/mm2]
12
16
20
25
C 30/37
30
Lower limit of the characteristic concrete tensile strength fctk; 0.05
[N/mm2]
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
Design value of the bond strength (good bond conditions) 2) 3)
[N/mm2]
1.6
2.0
2.3
2.7
3.0
Information on national parameters can be found in Section 2 Basic principles of fixing technology, table 2.2
For ribbed bars with a diameter d s 32 mm
For poor bond conditions the values f bd shall be multiplied by 0.7
312
Status 11/2009

5.5.4.3
5.5.4.4 Anchorages
5.5.4.4.1 Required anchorage length
Basic value of the required

anchorage length
The basic required anchorage length lb,rqd is

needed to anchor the force (As sd) in a bar
assuming constant bond stress. For sd = fyd
the maximum steel capacity can be gained.
Thus steel failure is decisive and a further
increase in anchorage length does not result
in an increase in capacity.
l b, rqd =
ds
4
sd
f bd
(5.3)
Where:
lb, rqd
= basic value of the required anchorage length
ds
sd
= design value of the tensile steel

strength in the bar at the position from where the anchorage is
measured from
fbd
= design value of the bond strength

(see Equation (5.2) and Table
(5.6))
The design value of the anchorage length is

calculated as follows:
lbd = 1 2 3 4 5 lb,rqd lb, min (5.4)

Where:
1
= inuence of the bar shape
= inuence of the concrete cover
= concrete cover
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (not welded) 1
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (welded) 1
= inuence of transverse pressure 1
lb, rqd
= basic value of anchorage length
lb, min = minimum anchorage length

Where:
2 3 5 0.7
Table 5.7:
Values of 1, 2, 3, 3, 4 and 5 coecients
Inuence factor
Shape of bars
Type of anchorage
straight
other than straight (see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003
gure 8.1 (b), (c) and (d))
straight
Concrete cover
Connement by transverse
reinforcement not welded
to main reinforcement
Connement by welded
transverse reinforcement
Connement by transverse
pressure
other than straight (see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003

gure 8.1 (b), (c) and (d))
all types
all types, position and size as specied in

pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003 gure 8.1 (e)
all types
Reinforcement bar
in tension
1 = 1.0
1 = 0.7 if cd > 3 ds
otherwise 1 = 1.0
(see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003 gure 8.3 for values of cd)
2 = 1 - 0.15 (cd - ds) / ds
0.7
1.0
2 = 1 - 0.15 (cd - 3 ds) / ds
0.7
1.0
(see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003 gure 8.3 for values of cd)
3 = 1 - K
0.7
1.0
4 = 0.7
5 = 1 - 0.04 p
0.7
1.0
in compression
1 = 1.0
1 = 1.0
2 = 1.0
2 = 1.0
3 = 1.0
4 = 0.7
-
Legend see next page
Status 11/2009
313

Where:
l0 = 1 2 3 4 5 6 lb,rqd l0, min (5.5)
= (Ast - Ast, min)/As
Ast
= cross-sectional area of the transverse reinforcement along the

design anchorage length lbd
Ast, min = cross-sectional area of the minimum transverse reinforcement

As
= 0.25 As for beams and 0 for slabs

= area of a single anchored bar with
maximum bar diameter
l0
= required lap length
lb, rqd
= basic value of the required anchorage length (Equation (5.4))
= inuence of the bar shape
= inuence of the concrete cover
= values see pr EN 1992-1-1: 2003

in gure 8.4
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (not welded) 1
= transverse pressure [MPa] at ultimate limit state along lbd
= inuence of transverse pressure 1
= inuence of the transverse reinforcement (welded) 1
= inuence of the proportion of the

overlapping bars ot the cross-section
Minimum anchorage length
Where:
- for rebars in tension
lb, min = {max 0.3 lb, rqd ; 10 ds ; 100 mm}
= 1.5, if all bars are overlapping in

cross-section
(5.4 a)
Minimum lap length
- for rebars in compression
l0, min > max {0.3 6 lb, rqd ; 15 ds ; 200 mm}
lb, min > max {0.6 lb, rqd ; 10 ds ; 100 mm}
(5.5 a)
(5.4 b)
Where:
l0, min = minimum lap length
Where:
lb, min = minimum anchorage length
lb, rqd
ds
5.5.4.4.2 Lap length

The spacing of the spliced rebars shall be
s 4 ds. For spacings s > 4 ds the lap length
lo shall be increased by s - 4 ds.
314
= inuence of the proportion of the

overlapping bars ot the cross-section
= 1.5, if all bars are overlapping in
cross-section
lb,rqd
ds
= diameter of rebar
Status 11/2009

Table 5.8:
Percentage of lapped bars relative to
the total cross-section area
6
< 25%
33%
50%
> 50%
1.15
1.4
1.5
Note: Intermediate values may be determined by intepolation.
5.5.5
5.5.5.1
Concrete cover
Minimum concrete cover in
accordance with environmental
conditions
Table 5.9:
Minimum concrete cover according to environmental conditions
Exposure class 1)
Minimum
concrete cover
c in mm 2)
1 Dry environment
15
2a
2b
Humid environment
without frost
20
with frost
25
without frost
40
3 Humid environment with frost and de-icing salts

4a
4b
Seawater environment
40
with frost
40
5a
slightely
25
5b Aggressive chemical environment
moderately
30
5c
high
40
1)
2)
For detailed information see EC2, Tables 4.1 and 4.2

A reduction of 5 mm may be considered for slabs in the exposure classes 2 to 5
5.5.5.2
Minimum concrete cover according to the type of drilling

With post-installed rebars tolerances may
occur depending on the tools used (drilling
guide). These tolerances may be considered
by increasing the minimum concrete cover.
The following table gives values based on
various test series.
of the position of the post-installed rebar. The

table is valid for anchorages perpendicular to
the surface of the concrete exposed to re.
Table 5.24 gives the bond strength as a function of the concrete cover in case of re for
anchorages parallel to the surface of the concrete exposed to re.
5.5.6
5.5.6.1
Transverse reinforcement
Required transverse reeinforcement for anchorages of rebars
(EC 2 section 5.2.3.3)
In beams transverse reinforcement should be

provided:
for anchorages of rebars in tension, if
there is no transverse compression due to
the support reaction (e.g. in case of indirect
supports)
for all anchorages of rebars in compression
The minimum cross-sectional area of the
transverse reinforcement must be 25 % of the
area of one anchored rebar. The reinforcement
should be evenly distributed along the anchorage length.
For rebars in compression, the transverse reinforcement should surround the bars, being
concentrated at the end of the anchorage and
extend beyond it to a distance of at least 4
times the diameter of the anchored rebar.
Table 5.10:
Minimum concrete cover according to the type of drilling
Type of drilling
Hammer
drilling
Pneumatic
hammer drilling
5.5.5.3
without drilling guide
with drilling guide
c = 30 mm + 0.06 lv 2 ds
c = 30 mm + 0.02 lv 2 ds
c = 50 mm + 0.08 lv 2 ds
c = 50 mm + 0.02 lv 2 ds
Load bearing capacity and minimum concrete cover in case of

re
5.5.6.2
Required transverse reinforcement for lap splices of rebars

(EC2, Section 5.2.4.1.2)
With rebar diameters 16 mm the transverse

reinforcement should have a total area of not
less than the area As of one spliced bar.
Table 5.23 gives the design values of resistance of a rebar in case of re as a function
Status 11/2009
315

5.6 Design tables

Design tables (tables 5.11 to 5.30) can be
used as follows:
Required anchorage length lbd lb, min
The minimum anchorage length lb, min of
anchorages in general and of anchorages at
an end support (indirect support) can be calculated in accordance with equation (5.4a)
for rebars in tension and (5.4b) for rebars in
compression.
Example:
ds = 10 mm, design action NSd = 15.0 kN,
basic value of the anchorage length lb, rqd =
473 mm, anchorage length lbd = 208 mm
(Table 5.13)
- Rebar in tension
lb, min = 0.3 lb,rqd = 0.3 473 mm
= 142 mm
< lbd
lb, min = 10 ds = 10 10 mm = 100 mm
< lbd
lb, min = 100 mm < lbd
Anchorage length of the rebar lbd = 208 mm.
- Rebar in compression
lb, min = 0.6 lb, rqd = 0.6 473 mm
= 284 mm
> lbd
lb, min = 10 ds = 10 10 mm = 100 mm
< lbd
lb, min = 100 mm < lbd
Anchorage length of the rebar lb, min = 284
mm.
Required lap length l0
The lap length l0 of spliced rebars can be calculated in accordance with section 5.5.4.4.2.
316
Example:
ds = 16 mm, design action NSd = 50.0 kN
basic value of the anchorage length lb, rqd =
756 mm, anchorage length lbd = 433 mm
(Table 5.13)
- Rebar with 50% lapped bars
l0
= lbd 6 = 433 mm 1.4

= 606 mm
l0, min
l0, min = 0.3 6 lb, rqd = 0.3 1.4 756

= 317 mm
l0, min = 15 ds = 15 16 mm
= 240 mm
l0, min = 200 mm
Anchorage length of the rebar l0 = 606 mm.
The transmission of the loads to the supports of the concrete member should be given
special consideration.
Expertly done installation in accordance
with the manufacturers installation instructions with special consideration of exact
drilling, proper cleaning of the drill hole and
injection of resin without air bubbles.
Yield strength of the steel
Compressive strength of the concrete
measured in cylinders fck = 20 N/mm
The following tables give the parameters
depending on the diameter and the load of
the rebar:
Required anchorage length lbd
Minimum concrete cover cmin (compare
section 5.5.5.2, minimum concrete cover
according to the type of drilling) for precise
drilling parallel to an existing surface (deviations 2 %)
Status 11/2009

Required edge distance and spacing according to Fig. 5.1.

Figure 5.1:
Denition of edge distance and spacing given in tables 5.11
- 5.30.
c
s
Status 11/2009
317

Design loads acc. Rebar Theory depending on the anchorage length in non-cracked concrete
Table 5.11a: Metric sizes / Concrete C20/25, fck = 20 N/mm, steel: fyk = 400 N/mm,
Anchorage length [mm]
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
Length to develop yield
lb0
Development length as multiple of ds
Design bond strength
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
8
12
50
17.5
202
25
3.5
8
16
8.7
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
17.5
10
14
79
27.3
252
25
3.5
10
20
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.7
24.4
27.1
27.3
12
16
113
39.3
302
25
3.5
12
24
14
18
154
53.5
353
25
3.5
14
28
16.3
19.5
22.8
26.0
29.3
32.5
35.8
39.0
39.3
16
20
201
69.9
403
25
3.5
16
32
22.8
26.6
30.3
34.1
37.9
41.7
45.5
49.3
53.1
53.5
30.3
34.7
39.0
43.4
47.7
52.0
56.4
60.7
65.0
69.4
69.9
20
25
314
109.3
504
25
3.5
20
40
48.8
54.2
59.6
65.0
70.5
75.9
81.3
86.7
79.5
108.4
109.3
FIS V
25
30
491
170.7
630
25
3.5
25
50
81.3
88.1
94.8
101.6
108.4
121.9
135.5
149.0
162.6
170.7
Table 5.11b: Imperial sizes / Concrete C20/25, fck = 20 N/mm, steel: fyk = 400 N/mm
318
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
3
9.5
14
71
24.8
240
25
3.5
9.5
19
10.3
12.9
15.5
18.1
20.6
23.2
24.8
4
12.7
17-18
127
44.1
320
25
3.5
13
26
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
31.0
34.4
37.9
41.3
44.1
5
15.9
20
198
68.8
400
25
3.5
16
32
21.5
25.8
30.1
34.4
38.7
43.0
47.3
51.6
55.9
60.2
68.8
6
19.1
24-25
285
99.1
480
25
3.5
19
38
31.0
36.1
41.3
46.5
51.6
56.8
61.9
67.1
72.3
82.6
92.9
99.1
7
22.2
28
388
134.9
560
25
3.5
22
44
42.2
48.2
54.2
60.2
66.2
72.3
78.3
84.3
96.4
108.4
120.4
132.5
134.9
28
35
616
214.2
706
25
3.5
28
56
98.6
106.2
113.8
121.4
136.6
151.7
166.9
182.1
197.3
212.4
214.2
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
176.2
640
25
3.5
25
50
61.9
68.8
75.7
82.6
89.5
96.4
110.1
123.9
137.6
151.4
165.2
176.2
9
28.7
35-37
645
224.2
722
25
3.5
29
58
93.2
100.9
108.7
124.2
139.7
155.3
170.8
186.3
201.8
217.4
224.2
Status 11/2009

Table 5.12a: Metric sizes Concrete C20/25, fck = 20 N/mm, steel: fyk = 420 N/mm
Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
8
12
50
18.4
212
26
3.5
8
16
8.7
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
18.4
10
14
79
28.7
265
25
3.5
10
20
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.7
24.4
27.1
28.7
12
16
113
41.3
318
26
3.5
12
24
14
18
154
56.2
371
26
3.5
14
28
16.3
19.5
22.8
26.0
29.3
32.5
35.8
39.0
41.3
22.8
26.6
30.3
34.1
37.9
41.7
45.5
49.3
53.1
56.2
16
20
201
73.4
423
26
3.5
16
32
20
25
314
114.7
529
26
3.5
20
40
30.3
34.7
39.0
43.4
47.7
52.0
56.4
60.7
65.0
69.4
73,4
48.8
54.2
59.6
65.0
70.5
75.9
86.7
97.5
108.4
FIS V
25
30
491
179.3
662
26
3.5
25
50
81.3
88.1
94.8
108.4
121.9
135.5
149.0
162.6
176.1
179.3
Table 5.12b: Imperial sizes Concrete C20/25, fck = 20 N/mm, steel: fyk = 420 N/mm
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
760
3
9.5
14
71
26.0
252
26
3.5
9.5
19
10.3
12.9
15.5
18.1
20.6
23.2
25.8
26.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
46.3
336
26
3.5
13
26
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
31.0
34.4
37.9
41.3
44.7
46.3
5
15.9
20
198
72.3
420
26
3.5
16
32
21.5
25.8
30.1
34.4
38.7
43.0
47.3
51.6
55.9
60.2
68.8
72.3
6
19.1
24-25
285
104.1
504
26
3.5
19
38
31.0
36.1
41.3
46.5
51.6
56.8
61.9
67.1
72.3
82.6
92.9
103.2
104.1
7
22.2
28
388
141.7
588
26
3.5
22
44
42.2
48.2
54.2
60.2
66.2
72.3
78.3
84.3
96.4
108.4
120.4
132.5
141.7
28
35
616
224.9
741
26
3.5
28
56
98.6
106.2
121.4
136.6
151.7
166.9
182.1
197.3
212.4
224.9
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
185.1
672
26
3.5
25
50
61.9
68.8
75.7
82.6
89.5
96.4
110.1
123.9
137.6
151.4
165.2
178.9
185.1
9
28.7
35-37
645
235.4
758
26
3.5
29
58
93.2
100.9
108.7
124.2
139.7
155.3
170.8
186.3
201.8
217.4
232.9
235.4
319

Table 5.13a: Metric sizes / Concrete C20/25, fck = 20 N/mm, steel: fyk = 460 N/mm
Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
8
12
50
20.1
232
29
3.5
8
16
8.7
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
19.5
20.1
10
14
79
31.4
290
29
3.5
10
20
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.7
24.4
27.1
29.8
31.4
12
16
113
45.2
348
29
3.5
12
24
14
18
154
61.6
406
29
3.5
14
28
16.3
19.5
22.8
26.0
29.3
32.5
35.8
39.0
42.3
45.2
16
20
201
80.4
464
29
3.5
16
32
22.8
26.6
30.3
34.1
37.9
41.7
45.5
49.3
53.1
60.7
61.6
30.3
34.7
39.0
43.4
47.7
52.0
56.4
60.7
69.4
78.0
80.4
20
25
314
125.7
580
29
3.5
20
40
48.8
54.2
59.6
65.0
70.5
75.9
86.7
97.5
108.4
119.2
125.7
FIS V
25
30
491
196.3
725
29
3.5
25
50
81.3
88.1
94.8
108.4
121.9
135.5
149.0
162.6
176.1
189.7
196.3
Table 5.13b: Imperial sizes Concrete C20/25, fck = 20 N/mm, steel: fyk = 460 N/mm
320
Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
3
9.5
14
71
28.5
276
29
3.5
9.5
19
10.3
12.9
15.5
18.1
20.6
23.2
25.8
28.4
28.5
4
12.7
17-18
127
50.7
368
29
3.5
13
26
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
31.0
34.4
37.9
41.3
48.2
50.7
5
15.9
20
198
79.2
460
29
3.5
16
32
21.5
25.8
30.1
34.4
38.7
43.0
47.3
51.6
60.2
68.8
77.4
79.2
6
19.1
24-25
285
114.0
552
29
3.5
19
38
31.0
36.1
41.3
46.5
51.6
56.8
61.9
72.3
82.6
92.9
103.2
113.6
114.0
7
22.2
28
388
155.2
644
29
3.5
22
44
42.2
48.2
54.2
60.2
66.2
72.3
84.3
96.4
108.4
120.4
132.5
144.5
155.2
28
35
616
246.3
812
29
3.5
28
56
98.6
106.2
121.4
136.6
151.7
166.9
182.1
197.3
212.4
227.6
242.8
246.3
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
202.7
736
29
3.5
25
50
61.9
68.8
75.7
82.6
96.4
110.1
123.9
137.6
151.4
165.2
178.9
192.7
202.7
9
28.7
35-37
645
257.9
830
29
3.5
29
58
93.2
108.7
124.2
139.7
155.3
170.8
186.3
201.8
217.4
232.9
248.4
257.9
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
890
8
12
50
21.9
252
32
3.5
8
16
8.7
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
19.5
21.7
21.9
10
14
79
34.1
315
32
3.5
10
20
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.7
24.4
27.1
29.8
32.5
34.1
12
16
113
49.2
378
32
3.5
12
24
14
18
154
66.9
441
32
3.5
14
28
16.3
19.5
22.8
26.0
29.3
32.5
35.8
39.0
45.5
49.2
16
20
201
87.4
504
32
3.5
16
32
22.8
26.6
30.3
34.1
37.9
41.7
45.5
53.1
60.7
66.9
30.3
34.7
39.0
43.4
47.7
52.0
60.7
69.4
78.0
86.7
87.4
20
25
314
136.6
630
32
3.5
20
40
48.8
54.2
59.6
65.0
75.9
86.7
97.5
108.4
119.2
130.1
136.6
FIS V
25
30
491
213.4
788
32
3.5
25
50
81.3
94.8
108.4
121.9
135.5
149.0
162.6
176.1
189.7
203.2
213.4
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
3
9.5
14
71
31.0
300
32
3.5
9.5
19
10.3
12.9
15.5
18.1
20.6
23.2
25.8
31.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
55.1
400
32
3.5
13
26
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
31.0
34.4
41.3
48.2
55.1
5
15.9
20
198
86.1
500
32
3.5
16
32
21.5
25.8
30.1
34.4
38.7
43.0
51.6
60.2
68.8
77.4
86.0
86.1
6
19.1
24-25
285
123.9
600
32
3.5
19
38
31.0
36.1
41.3
46.5
51.6
61.9
72.3
82.6
92.9
103.2
113.6
123.9
7
22.2
28
388
168.7
700
32
3.5
22
44
42.2
48.2
54.2
60.2
72.3
84.3
96.4
108.4
120.4
132.5
144.5
156.6
168.6
168.7
28
35
616
267.7
882
32
3.5
28
56
106.2
121.4
136.6
151.7
166.9
182.1
197.3
212.4
227.6
242.8
258.0
267.7
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
220.3
800
32
3.5
25
50
61.9
68.8
82.6
96.4
110.1
123.9
137.6
151.4
165.2
178.9
192.7
206.5
220.2
220.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
280.3
903
32
3.5
29
58
108.7
124.2
139.7
155.3
170.8
186.3
201.8
217.4
232.9
248.4
263.9
279.5
280.3
321

Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
980
8
12
50
24.0
277
35
3.5
8
16
8.7
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
21.7
24.0
10
14
79
37.6
347
35
3.5
10
20
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.7
27.1
32.5
37.6
37.6
12
16
113
54.1
416
35
3.5
12
24
14
18
154
73.6
485
35
3.5
14
28
16.3
19.5
22.8
26.0
32.5
39.0
45.5
52.0
54.1
16
20
201
96.2
555
35
3.5
16
32
22.8
26.6
30.3
37.9
45.5
53.1
60.7
68.3
73.6
30.3
34.7
43.4
52.0
60.7
69.4
78.0
86.7
95.4
96.2
20
25
314
150.3
693
35
3.5
20
40
54.2
65.0
75.9
86.7
97.5
108.4
119.2
130.1
140.9
150.3
FIS V
25
30
491
234.8
866
35
3.5
25
50
108.4
121.9
135.5
149.0
162.6
176.1
189.7
203.2
216.8
230.3
234.8
322
Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
3
9.5
14
71
34.1
330
35
3.5
9.5
19
10.3
12.9
18.1
20.6
25.8
31.0
34.1
34.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
60.6
440
35
3.5
13
26
13.8
17.2
24.1
27.5
34.4
41.3
48.2
55.1
60.6
5
15.9
20
198
94.7
550
35
3.5
16
32
21.5
30.1
34.4
43.0
51.6
60.2
68.8
77.4
86.0
94.6
94.7
6
19.1
24-25
285
136.3
660
35
3.5
19
38
36.1
41.3
51.6
61.9
72.3
82.6
92.9
103.2
113.6
123.9
134.2
136.3
7
22.2
28
388
185.5
770
35
3.5
22
44
48.2
60.2
72.3
84.3
96.4
108.4
120.4
132.5
144.5
156.6
168.6
180.7
185.5
28
35
616
294.5
970
35
3.5
28
56
136.6
151.7
166.9
182.1
197.3
212.4
227.6
242.8
258.0
273.1
288.3
294.5
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
242.3
880
35
3.5
25
50
82.6
96.4
110.1
123.9
137.6
151.4
165.2
178.9
192.7
206.5
220.2
234.0
242.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
308.3
993
35
3.5
29
58
139.7
155.3
170.8
186.3
201.8
217.4
232.9
248.4
263.9
279.5
295.0
308.3
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
8
12
50
17.5
151
19
4.6
8
16
11.6
14.5
17.3
17.5
10
14
79
27.3
189
19
4.6
10
20
14.5
18.1
21.7
25.3
27.3
12
16
113
39.3
227
19
4.6
12
24
21.7
26.0
30.3
34.7
39.0
39.3
14
18
154
53.5
265
19
4.6
14
28
30.3
35.4
40.5
45.5
50.6
53.5
16
20
201
69.9
302
19
4.6
16
32
20
25
314
109.3
378
19
4.6
20
40
40.5
46.2
52.0
57.8
63.6
69.4
69.9
65.0
72.3
79.5
86.7
93.9
101.2
108.4
109.3
25
30
491
170.7
473
19
4.6
25
50
108.4
117.4
126.4
135.5
144.5
162.6
170.7
28
35
616
214.2
529
19
4.6
28
56
131.5
141.6
151.7
161.9
182.1
202.3
214.2
FIS EM
32
40
804
279.7
605
19
4.6
32
64
173.4
185.0
208.1
231.2
254.3
277.5
279.7
36
46
1018
354.0
681
19
4.6
36
72
208.1
234.1
260.1
286.1
312.1
338.2
354.0
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
820
3
9.5
14
71
24.8
180
19
4.6
9.5
19
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
24.8
4
12.7
17-18
127
44.1
240
19
4.6
13
26
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
36.7
41.3
44.1
5
15.9
20
198
68.8
300
19
4.6
16
32
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
51.6
57.4
63.1
68.8
6
19.1
24-25
285
99.1
360
19
4.6
19
38
41.3
48.2
55.1
61.9
68.8
75.7
82.6
89.5
96.4
99.1
7
22.2
28
388
134.9
420
19
4.6
22
44
56.2
64.2
72.3
80.3
88.3
96.4
104.4
112.4
128.5
134.9
8
25.4
30-32
507
176.2
480
19
4.6
25
50
82.6
91.8
100.9
110.1
119.3
128.5
146.8
165.2
176.2
9
28.7
35-37
645
224.2
542
19
4.6
29
58
124.2
134.6
144.9
165.6
186.3
207.0
224.2
40
50
1257
437.1
756
19
4.6
40
80
260.1
289.0
317.9
346.8
375.7
404.6
433.5
437.1
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
284.3
610
19
4.6
33
65
151.5
163.2
186.5
209.8
233.1
256.4
279.7
284.3
11
35.8
42-45
1007
350.3
677
19
4.6
36
72
207.0
232.9
259.8
284.6
310.5
336.4
350.3
14
43.0
55
1452
505.1
813
19
4.6
43
86
279.6
310.7
341.8
372.8
403.9
435.0
466.1
497.1
505.1
323

Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
8
12
50
18.4
159
20
4.6
8
16
11.6
14.5
17.3
18.4
10
14
79
28.7
198
20
4.6
10
20
14.5
18.1
21.7
25.3
28.7
12
16
113
41.3
238
20
4.6
12
24
21.7
26.0
30.3
34.7
39.0
41.3
14
18
154
56.2
278
20
4.6
14
28
30.3
35.4
40.5
45.5
50.6
55.6
56.2
16
20
201
73.4
318
20
4.6
16
32
20
25
314
397
20
20
4.6
20
40
40.5
46.2
52.0
57.8
63.6
69.4
73.4
65.0
72.3
79.5
86.7
93.9
101.2
108.4
114.7
25
30
491
179.3
496
20
4.6
25
50
108.4
117.4
126.4
135.5
144.5
162.6
179.3
28
35
616
224.9
556
20
4.6
28
56
131.5
141.6
151.7
161.9
182.1
202.3
222.6
224.9
FIS EM
32
40
804
293.7
635
20
4.6
32
64
173.4
185.0
208.1
231.2
254.3
277.5
293.7
36
46
1018
371.7
715
20
4.6
36
72
208.1
234.1
260.1
286.1
312.1
338.2
364.2
371.7
324
Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
860
3
9.5
14
71
26.0
189
20
4.6
9.5
19
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
26.0
26.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
46.3
252
20
4.6
13
26
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
36.7
41.3
45.9
46.3
5
15.9
20
198
72.3
315
20
4.6
16
32
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
51.6
57.4
63.1
68.8
72.3
6
19.1
24-25
285
104.1
378
20
4.6
19
38
41.3
48.2
55.1
61.9
68.8
75.7
82.6
96.4
104.1
7
22.2
28
388
141.7
441
20
4.6
22
44
56.2
64.2
72.3
80.3
88.3
96.4
112.4
128.5
141.7
8
25.4
30-32
507
185.1
504
20
4.6
25
50
82.6
91.8
100.9
110.1
128.5
146.8
165.2
183.5
185.1
9
28.7
35-37
645
235.4
569
20
4.6
29
58
124.2
144.9
165.6
186.3
207.0
227.7
235.4
40
50
1257
458.9
794
20
4.6
40
80
260.1
289.0
317.9
346.8
375.7
404.6
433.5
458.9
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
298.5
640
20
4.6
33
65
163.2
186.5
209.8
233.1
256.4
279.7
298.5
11
35.8
42-45
1007
367.8
711
20
4.6
36
72
232.9
258.8
284.6
310.5
336.4
362.3
367.8
14
43.0
55
1452
530.4
853
20
4.6
43
86
310.7
341.8
372.8
403.9
435.0
466.1
497.1
528.2
530.4
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
870
8
12
50
20.1
174
22
4.6
8
16
11.6
14.5
17.3
20.1
10
14
79
31.4
217
22
4.6
10
20
14.5
18.1
21.7
25.3
28.9
31.4
12
16
113
45.2
261
22
4.6
12
24
21.7
26.0
30.3
34.7
39.0
43.4
45.2
14
18
154
61.6
304
22
4.6
14
28
30.3
35.4
40.5
45.5
50.6
55.6
60.7
16
20
201
80.4
348
22
4.6
16
32
20
25
314
125.7
435
22
4.6
20
40
40.5
46.2
52.0
57.8
63.6
69.4
80.4
65.0
72.3
79.5
86.7
101.2
115.6
125.7
25
30
491
196.3
543
22
4.6
25
50
108.4
126.4
144.5
162.6
180.6
196.3
28
35
616
246.3
609
22
4.6
28
56
141.6
161.9
182.1
202.3
222.6
242.8
FIS EM
32
40
804
321.7
696
22
4.6
32
64
185.0
208.1
231.2
254.3
277.5
300.6
321.7
36
46
1018
407.2
783
22
4.6
36
72
234.1
260.1
286.1
312.1
338.2
364.2
390.2
407.2
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
935
3
9.5
14
71
28.5
207
22
4.6
9.5
19
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
28.5
4
12.7
17-18
127
50.7
276
22
4.6
13
26
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
36.7
41.3
45.9
50.7
5
15.9
20
198
79.2
345
22
4.6
16
32
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
51.6
57.4
68.8
79.2
6
19.1
24-25
285
114.0
414
22
4.6
19
38
41.3
48.2
55.1
61.9
68.8
82.6
96.4
110.1
114.0
7
22.2
28
388
155.2
483
22
4.6
22
44
56.2
64.2
72.3
80.3
96.4
112.4
128.5
144.5
155.2
8
25.4
30-32
507
202.7
552
22
4.6
25
50
82.6
91.8
110.1
128.5
146.8
165.2
183.5
201.9
202.7
9
28.7
35-37
645
257.9
623
22
4.6
29
58
124.2
144.9
165.6
186.3
207.0
227.7
248.4
257.9
40
50
1257
502.7
870
22
4.6
40
80
289.0
317.9
346.8
375.7
404.6
433.5
462.4
491.3
502.7
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
326.9
701
22
4.6
33
65
163.2
186.5
209.8
233.1
256.4
279.7
303.0
326.3
326.9
11
35.8
42-45
1007
402.9
778
22
4.6
36
72
232.9
258.8
284.6
310.5
336.4
362.3
388.1
402.9
14
43.0
55
1452
580.9
935
22
4.6
43
86
310.7
341.8
372.8
403.9
435.0
466.1
497.1
528.2
559.3
580.9
325

Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
8
12
50
21.9
198
24
4.6
8
16
11.6
14.5
17.3
20.2
21.9
10
14
79
34.1
236
24
4.6
10
20
14.5
18.1
21.7
25.3
28.9
32.5
34.1
12
16
113
49.2
284
24
4.6
12
24
21.7
26.0
30.3
34.7
39.0
43.4
49.2
14
18
154
66.9
331
24
4.6
14
28
30.3
35.4
40.5
45.5
50.6
60.7
66.9
16
20
201
87.4
378
24
4.6
16
32
20
25
314
136.6
473
24
4.6
20
40
40.5
46.2
52.0
57.8
69.4
80.9
87.4
65.0
72.3
86.7
101.2
115.6
130.1
136.6
25
30
491
213.4
591
24
4.6
25
50
108.4
126.4
144.5
162.6
180.6
198.7
213.4
28
35
616
267.7
662
24
4.6
28
56
141.6
161.9
182.1
202.3
222.6
242.8
263.0
267.7
FIS EM
32
40
804
349.7
756
24
4.6
32
64
208.1
231.2
254.3
277.5
300.6
323.7
346.8
36
46
1018
442.6
851
24
4.6
36
72
260.1
286.1
312.1
338.2
364.2
390.2
416.2
442.2
326
Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1020
3
9.5
14
71
31.0
225
24
4.6
9.5
19
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
31.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
55.1
300
24
4.6
13
26
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
36.7
45.9
55.1
5
15.9
20
198
86.1
375
24
4.6
16
32
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
57.4
68.8
86.1
6
19.1
24-25
285
123.9
450
24
4.6
19
38
41.3
48.2
55.1
68.8
82.6
110.1
123.9
7
22.2
28
388
168.7
525
24
4.6
22
44
56.2
64.2
80.3
96.4
128.5
144.5
160.6
168.7
8
25.4
30-32
507
220.3
600
24
4.6
25
50
91.8
110.1
146.8
165.2
183.5
201.9
220.2
220.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
280.3
677
24
4.6
29
58
165.6
186.3
207.0
227.7
248.4
269.1
280.3
40
50
1257
546.4
945
24
4.6
40
80
317.9
346.8
375.7
404.6
433.5
462.4
491.3
520.2
546.4
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
355.4
762
24
4.6
33
65
209.8
233.1
256.4
279.7
303.0
326.3
349.6
355.4
11
35.8
42-45
1007
437.9
846
24
4.6
36
72
284.6
310.5
336.4
362.3
388.1
414.0
437.9
14
43.0
55
1452
631.4
1016
24
4.6
43
86
372.8
403.9
435.0
466.1
497.1
528.2
559.3
590.3
621.4
631.4
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1040
8
12
50
24.0
208
26
4.6
8
16
11.6
14.5
17.3
20.2
23.1
24.0
10
14
79
37.6
260
26
4.6
10
20
14.5
18.1
21.7
25.3
28.9
36.1
37.6
12
16
113
113
54.1
26
4.6
12
24
21.7
26.0
30.3
34.7
43.4
52.0
54.1
14
18
154
73.6
364
26
4.6
14
28
30.3
35.4
40.5
50.6
60.7
70.8
73.6
16
20
201
96.2
416
26
4.6
16
32
20
25
314
150.3
520
26
4.6
20
40
40.5
46.2
57.8
69.4
80.9
92.5
96.2
72.3
86.7
101.2
115.6
130.1
144.5
150.3
25
30
491
234.8
650
26
4.6
25
50
144.5
162.6
180.6
198.7
216.8
234.8
28
35
616
294.5
728
26
4.6
28
56
182.1
202.3
222.6
242.8
263.0
283.2
294.5
FIS EM
32
40
804
384.6
832
26
4.6
32
64
254.3
277.5
300.6
323.7
346.8
370.0
384.6
36
46
1018
486.8
936
26
4.6
36
72
312.1
338.2
364.2
390.2
416.2
442.2
468.2
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
3
9.5
14
71
34.1
248
26
4.6
9.5
19
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
34.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
60.6
330
26
4.6
13
26
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
36.7
45.9
60.6
5
15.9
20
198
94.7
413
26
4.6
16
32
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
57.4
80.3
91.8
94.7
6
19.1
24-25
285
136.3
495
26
4.6
19
38
41.3
48.2
55.1
68.8
96.4
110.1
123.9
136.3
7
22.2
28
388
185.5
578
26
4.6
22
44
56.2
64.2
80.3
112.4
128.5
144.5
160.6
176.6
185.5
8
25.4
30-32
507
242.3
660
26
4.6
25
50
91.8
128.5
146.8
165.2
183.5
201.9
220.2
238.6
242.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
308.3
745
26
4.6
29
58
165.6
186.3
207.0
227.7
248.4
269.1
289.8
308.3
40
50
1257
601.0
1040
26
4.6
40
80
375.7
404.6
433.5
462.4
491.3
520.2
549.2
578.1
601.0
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
390.9
839
26
4.6
33
65
209.8
233.1
256.4
279.7
303.0
326.3
349.6
373.0
390.9
11
35.8
42-45
1007
481.7
931
26
4.6
36
72
284.6
310.5
336.4
362.3
388.1
414.0
465.8
481.7
14
43.0
55
1452
694.5
1118
26
4.6
43
86
372.8
403.9
435.0
466.1
497.1
559.3
621.4
683.5
694.5
327

Design loads acc. Rebar Theory depending on the anchorage length in cracked concrete
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
8
12
50
17.5
302
38
2.3
10
14
79
27.3
378
38
2.3
5.8
7.2
8.7
10.1
11.6
13.0
7.2
9.0
10.8
12.6
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
FIS V
12
14
16
20
25
16
18
20
25
30
113
154
201
314
491
39.3
53.5
69.9
109.3
170.7
454
529
605
756
945
38
38
38
38
38
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
edge distance (concrete cover) according to national regulations (e.g. EC 2)
spacing according to national regulations (e.g. EC 2)
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
19.5
21.7
23.8
26.0
28.2
15.2
17.7
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.8
30.3
32.9
35.4
37.9
20.2
23.1
26.0
28.9
31.8
34.7
37.6
40.5
43.4
46.2
52.0
32.5
36.1
39.7
43.4
47.0
50.6
54.2
57.8
65.0
72.3
79.5
54.2
58.7
63.2
67.7
72.3
81.3
90.3
99.4
108.4
117.4
28
35
616
214.2
1059
38
2.3
65.8
70.8
75.9
80.9
91.0
101.2
111.3
121.4
131.5
141.6
151.7
9
28.7
35-37
645
224.2
1083
38
2.3
328
FIS V
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
720
3
9.5
14
71
24.8
360
38
2.3
6.9
8.6
10.3
12.0
13.8
15.5
17.2
4
5
6
7
8
12.7
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
17-18
20
24-25
28
30-32
127
198
285
388
507
44.1
68.8
99.1
134.9
176.2
480
600
720
840
960
38
38
38
38
38
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
9.2
11.5
14.3
13.8
17.2
20.6
16.1
20.1
24.1
28.1
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
20.6
25.8
31.0
36.1
41.3
22.9
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
25.2
31.5
37.9
44.2
50.5
27.5
34.4
41.3
48.2
55.1
29.8
37.3
44.7
52.2
59.6
40.1
48.2
56.2
64.2
45.9
55.1
64.2
73.4
61.9
72.3
82.6
68.8
80.3
91.8
88.3
100.9
96.4
110.1
119.3
62.1
67.3
72.5
82.8
93.2
103.5
113.9
124.2
134.6
144.9
155.3
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
8
12
50
18.4
318
40
2.3
10
14
79
28.7
397
40
2.3
5.8
7.2
8.7
10.1
11.6
13.0
7.2
9.0
10.8
12.6
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
FIS V
12
14
16
20
25
16
18
20
25
30
113
154
201
314
491
41.3
56.2
73.4
114.7
179.3
476
556
635
794
992
40
40
40
40
40
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
19.5
21.7
23.8
26.0
28.2
15.2
17.7
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.8
30.3
32.9
35.4
40.5
20.2
23.1
26.0
28.9
31.8
34.7
37.6
40.5
46.2
52.0
32.5
36.1
39.7
43.4
47.0
50.6
57.8
65.0
72.3
79.5
54.2
58.7
63.2
72.3
81.3
90.3
99.4
108.4
117.4
126.4
28
35
616
224.9
1112
40
2.3
65.8
70.8
80.9
91.0
101.2
111.3
121.4
131.5
141.6
151.7
9
28.7
35-37
645
235.4
1137
40
2.3
Status 11/2009
FIS V
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
760
3
9.5
14
71
26.0
378
40
2.3
6.9
8.6
10.3
12.0
13.8
15.5
17.2
18.9
4
5
6
7
8
12.7
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
17-18
20
24-25
28
30-32
127
198
285
388
507
46.3
72.3
104.1
141.7
185.1
504
630
756
882
1008
40
40
40
40
40
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
9.2
11.5
14.3
13.8
17.2
20.6
16.1
20.1
24.1
28.1
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
20.6
25.8
31.0
36.1
41.3
22.9
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
25.2
31.5
37.9
44.2
50.5
27.5
34.4
41.3
48.2
55.1
29.8
37.3
44.7
52.2
59.6
32.1
40.1
48.2
56.2
64.2
45.9
55.1
64.2
73.4
51.6
61.9
72.3
82.6
68.8
80.3
91.8
75.7
88.3
100.9
96.4
110.1
119.3
128.5
62.1
67.3
72.5
82.8
93.2
103.5
113.9
124.2
134.6
144.9
155.3
157.3
329

Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
8
12
50
20.1
348
43
2.3
10
14
79
31.4
435
43
2.3
5.8
7.2
8.7
10.1
11.6
13.0
14.5
7.2
9.0
10.8
12.6
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
21.7
12
14
16
20
16
18
20
25
113
154
201
314
45.2
61.6
80.4
125.7
522
609
696
870
43
43
43
43
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
19.5
21.7
23.8
26.0
28.2
30.3
15.2
17.7
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.8
30.3
32.9
35.4
40.5
45.5
20.2
23.1
26.0
28.9
31.8
34.7
37.6
40.5
46.2
52.0
57.8
32.5
36.1
39.7
43.4
47.0
50.6
57.8
65.0
72.3
79.5
86.7
FIS V
25
30
491
196.3
1087
43
432.3
54.2
58.7
63.2
72.3
81.3
90.3
99.4
108.4
117.4
126.4
135.5
28
35
616
246.3
1217
43
2.3
65.8
70.8
80.9
91.0
101.2
111.3
121.4
131.5
141.6
151.7
161.9
172.0
9
28.7
35-37
645
257.9
1246
43
2.3
330
FIS V
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
3
9.5
14
71
28.5
414
43
2.3
6.9
8.6
10.3
12.0
13.8
15.5
17.2
18.9
20.6
4
5
6
7
8
12.7
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
17-18
20
24-25
28
30-32
127
198
285
388
507
50.7
79.2
114.0
155.2
202.7
552
690
828
966
1104
43
43
43
43
43
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
9.2
11.5
14.3
13.8
17.2
20.6
16.1
20.1
24.1
28.1
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
20.6
25.8
31.0
36.1
41.3
22.9
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
25.2
31.5
37.9
44.2
50.5
27.5
43.4
41.3
48.2
55.1
32.1
40.1
48.2
56.2
64.2
36.7
45.9
55.1
64.2
73.4
51.6
61.9
72.3
82.6
57.4
68.8
80.3
91.8
75.7
88.3
100.9
82.6
96.4
110.1
104.4
119.3
128.5
137.6
62.1
72.5
82.8
93.2
103.5
113.9
124.2
134.6
144.6
155.3
165.6
176.0
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
890
8
12
50
21.9
378
47
2.3
10
14
79
34.1
473
47
2.3
5.8
7.2
8.7
10.1
11.6
13.0
14.5
15.9
7.2
9.0
10.8
12.6
14.5
16.3
18.1
19.9
21.7
25.3
FIS V
12
14
16
20
25
16
18
20
25
30
113
154
201
314
491
49.2
66.9
87.4
136.6
213.4
567
662
756
945
1181
47
47
47
47
47
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
19.5
21.7
23.8
26.0
30.3
34.7
15.2
17.7
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.8
30.3
35.4
40.5
45.5
20.2
23.1
26.0
28.9
31.8
34.7
40.5
46.2
52.0
57.8
63.6
32.5
36.1
39.7
43.4
50.6
57.8
65.0
72.3
79.5
86.7
93.9
54.2
63.2
72.3
81.3
90.3
99.4
108.4
117.4
126.4
135.5
144.5
28
35
616
267.7
1323
47
2.3
70.8
80.9
91.0
101.2
111.3
121.4
131.5
141.6
151.7
161.9
172.0
180.1
9
28.7
35-37
645
280.3
1354
47
2.3
Status 11/2009
FIS V
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
3
9.5
14
71
31.0
450
47
2.3
6.9
8.6
10.3
12.0
13.8
15.5
17.2
20.6
4
5
6
7
8
12.7
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
17-18
20
24-25
28
30-32
127
198
285
388
507
55.1
86.1
123.9
168.7
220.3
600
750
900
1050
1200
47
47
47
47
47
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
9.2
11.5
14.3
13.8
17.2
20.6
16.1
20.1
24.1
28.1
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
20.6
25.8
31.0
36.1
41.3
22.9
28.7
34.4
40.1
45.9
27.5
34.4
41.3
48.2
55.1
32.1
40.1
48.2
56.2
64.2
36.7
45.9
55.1
64.2
73.4
51.6
61.9
72.3
82.6
57.4
68.8
80.3
91.8
63.1
75.7
88.3
100.9
82.6
96.4
110.1
104.4
119.3
112.4
128.5
120.4
137.6
146.8
156.0
72.5
82.8
93.2
103.5
113.9
124.2
134.6
144.9
155.3
165.6
176.0
186.3
196.7
331

Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
980
8
12
50
24.0
416
52
2.3
10
14
79
37.6
520
52
2.3
5.8
7.2
8.7
10.1
11.6
14.5
17.3
7.2
9.0
10.8
12.6
14.5
18.1
21.7
25.3
28.9
FIS V
12
14
16
20
25
16
18
20
25
30
113
154
201
314
491
54.1
73.6
96.2
150.3
234.6
624
728
832
1040
1300
52
52
52
52
52
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
10.8
13.0
15.2
17.3
21.7
26.0
30.3
34.7
39.0
15.2
17.7
20.2
25.3
30.3
35.4
40.5
45.5
50.6
20.2
23.1
28.9
34.7
40.5
46.2
52.0
57.8
63.6
69.4
36.1
43.4
50.6
57.8
65.0
72.3
79.5
86.7
93.9
101.2
72.3
81.3
90.3
99.4
108.4
117.4
126.4
135.5
144.5
153.5
162.6
28
35
616
294.5
1456
52
2.3
91.0
101.2
111.3
121.4
131.5
141.6
151.7
161.9
172.0
182.1
192.2
198.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
308.3
1489
52
2.3
332
FIS V
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
3
9.5
14
71
34.1
495
52
2.3
6.9
8.6
12.0
13.8
17.2
20.6
24.1
27.5
4
5
6
7
8
12.7
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
17-18
20
24-25
28
30-32
127
198
285
388
507
60.6
94.7
136.3
185.5
242.3
660
825
990
1155
1320
52
52
52
52
52
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
9.2
11.5
14.3
16.1
20.1
24.1
18.4
22.9
27.5
32.1
22.9
28.7
34.4
40.1
27.5
34.4
41.3
48.2
55.1
32.1
40.1
48.2
56.2
46.2
36.7
45.9
55.1
64.2
73.4
41.3
51.6
61.9
72.3
82.6
57.4
68.8
80.3
91.8
63.1
75.7
88.3
100.9
68.8
82.6
96.4
110.1
89.5
104.4
119.3
96.4
112.4
128.5
120.4
137.6
128.5
146.8
156.0
165.2
93.2
103.5
113.9
124.2
134.6
144.9
155.3
165.6
176.0
186.3
196.7
207.0
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
8
12
50
17.5
224
28
3.1
10
14
79
27.3
281
28
3.1
7.8
9.7
11.7
13.6
9.7
12.2
14.6
17.0
19.5
FIS EM
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
113
154
201
314
491
616
804
39.3
53.5
69.9
109.3
170.7
214.2
279.7
337
393
449
561
701
785
898
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
14.6
17.5
20.5
23.4
26.3
29.2
20.5
23.9
27.3
30.7
34.1
37.5
27.3
31.2
35.1
39.0
42.9
46.7
50.6
43.8
48.7
53.6
58.4
63.3
68.2
73.0
77.9
73.0
79.1
85.2
91.3
97.4
109.6
121.7
88.6
95.4
102.3
109.1
122.7
136.3
150.0
116.9
124.7
140.2
155.8
171.4
187.0
202.6
36
46
1018
354.0
1010
28
3.1
140.2
157.8
175.3
192.8
210.4
227.9
245.4
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
820
3
9.5
14
71
24.8
267
28
3.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
44.1
356
28
3.1
9.3
11.6
13.9
16.2
18.6
12.4
15.5
18.6
21.6
24.7
27.8
30.9
27.8
32.5
37.1
41.7
46.4
51.0
55.7
60.3
64.9
74.2
37.9
43.3
48.7
54.1
59.5
64.9
70.3
75.8
86.6
97.4
55.7
61.8
68.0
74.2
80.4
86.6
98.9
111.3
123.7
83.7
90.7
97.7
111.6
125.6
139.5
153.5
175.3
194.8
214.3
233.7
253.2
272.7
292.2
311.6
FIS EM
5
6
7
8
9
10
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
28.7
32.3
20
24-25
28
30-32
35-37
40-42
198
285
388
507
645
817
68.8
99.1
134.9
176.2
224.2
284.3
445
534
623
712
804
905
28
28
28
28
28
28
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
19.3
23.2
27.1
30.9
34.8
38.7
42.5
46.4
40
50
1257
437.1
1122
28
3.1
102.1
110.0
125.7
141.4
157.1
172.8
188.5
204.2
11
35.8
42-45
1007
350.3
1004
28
3.1
139.5
156.9
174.4
191.8
209.3
226.7
244.1
14
43.0
55
1452
505.1
1206
28
3.1
188.4
209.4
230.3
251.3
272.2
293.1
314.1
335.0
343.4
333

Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
8
12
50
18.4
236
29
3.1
10
14
79
28.7
295
29
3.1
7.8
9.7
11.7
13.6
9.7
12.2
14.6
17.0
19.5
FIS EM
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
113
154
201
314
491
616
804
41.3
56.2
73.4
114.7
179.3
224.9
293.7
353
412
471
589
736
825
942
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
14.6
17.5
20.5
23.4
26.3
29.2
20.5
23.9
27.3
30.7
34.1
37.5
40.9
27.3
31.2
35.1
39.0
42.9
46.7
50.6
43.8
48.7
53.6
58.4
63.3
68.2
73.0
77.9
73.0
79.1
85.2
91.3
97.4
109.6
121.7
88.6
95.4
102.3
109.1
122.7
136.3
150.0
163.6
116.9
124.7
140.2
155.8
171.4
187.0
202.6
36
46
1018
371.7
1060
29
3.1
140.2
157.8
175.3
192.8
210.4
227.9
245.4
263.0
334
Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
860
3
9.5
14
71
26.0
281
29
3.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
46.3
374
29
3.1
9.3
11.6
13.9
16.2
18.6
20.9
12.4
15.5
18.6
21.6
24.7
27.8
30.9
34.0
27.8
32.5
37.1
41.7
46.4
51.0
55.7
64.9
74.2
37.9
43.3
48.7
54.1
59.5
64.9
75.8
86.6
97.4
55.7
61.8
68.0
74.2
86.6
98.9
111.3
123.7
136.1
83.7
97.7
111.6
125.6
139.5
153.5
167.4
175.3
194.8
214.3
233.7
253.2
272.7
292.2
311.6
FIS EM
5
6
7
8
9
10
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
28.7
32.3
20
24-25
28
30-32
35-37
40-42
198
285
388
507
645
817
72.3
104.1
141.7
185.1
235.4
298.5
468
561
655
748
844
950
29
29
29
29
29
29
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
19.3
23.2
27.1
30.9
34.8
38.7
42.5
46.4
54.1
40
50
1257
458.9
1178
29
3.1
110.0
125.7
141.4
157.1
172.8
188.5
204.2
11
35.8
42-45
1007
367.8
1055
29
3.1
156.9
174.4
191.8
209.3
226.7
244.1
261.6
14
43.0
55
1452
530.4
1266
29
3.1
209.4
230.3
251.3
272.2
293.1
314.1
335.0
356.0
360.1
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
870
8
12
50
20.1
258
32
3.1
10
14
79
31.4
323
32
3.1
7.8
9.7
11.7
13.6
9.7
12.2
14.6
17.0
19.5
21.9
FIS EM
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
113
154
201
314
491
616
804
45.2
61.6
80.4
125.7
196.3
246.3
321.7
387
452
516
645
808
903
1032
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
14.6
17.5
20.5
23.4
26.3
29.3
32.1
20.5
23.9
27.3
30.7
34.1
37.5
40.9
44.3
27.3
31.2
35.1
39.0
42.9
46.7
50.6
54.5
43.8
48.7
53.6
58.4
63.3
68.2
77.9
87.7
73.0
79.1
85.2
97.4
109.6
121.7
133.9
88.6
95.4
109.1
122.7
136.3
150.0
163.6
124.7
140.2
155.8
171.4
187.0
202.6
218.2
36
46
1018
407.2
1161
32
3.1
157.8
175.3
192.8
210.4
227.9
245.4
263.0
280.5
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
935
3
9.5
14
71
28.5
307
32
3.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
50.7
410
32
3.1
9.3
11.6
13.9
16.2
18.6
20.9
12.4
15.5
18.6
21.6
24.7
27.8
37.1
27.8
32.5
37.1
41.7
55.7
64.9
74.2
83.5
37.9
43.3
48.7
64.9
75.8
86.6
97.4
108.2
55.7
74.2
86.6
98.9
111.3
123.7
136.1
148.4
83.7
97.7
111.6
125.6
139.5
153.5
167.4
181.4
194.8
214.3
233.7
253.2
272.7
292.2
311.6
331.1
338.9
FIS EM
5
6
7
8
9
10
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
28.7
32.3
20
24-25
28
30-32
35-37
40-42
198
285
388
507
645
817
97.2
114.0
155.2
202.7
257.9
326.9
512
615
717
819
924
1041
32
32
32
32
32
32
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
19.3
23.2
27.1
20.9
34.8
46.4
54.1
40
50
1257
502.7
1290
32
3.1
110.0
125.7
141.4
157.1
172.8
188.5
204.2
219.9
235.6
11
35.8
42-45
1007
402.9
1155
32
3.1
156.9
174.4
191.8
209.3
226.7
244.1
261.6
279.0
14
43.0
55
1452
580.9
1387
32
3.1
209.4
230.3
261.3
272.2
293.1
314.1
335.0
356.0
376.9
391.6
335

Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
8
12
50
21.9
281
35
3.1
10
14
79
34.1
351
35
3.1
7.8
9.7
11.7
13.6
15.6
9.7
12.2
14.6
17.0
19.5
21.9
24.3
FIS EM
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
113
154
201
314
491
616
804
49.2
66.9
87.4
136.6
213.4
267.7
349.7
421
491
561
701
877
982
1122
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
14.6
17.5
20.5
23.4
26.3
29.2
35.1
20.5
23.9
27.3
30.7
34.1
40.9
47.7
27.3
31.2
35.1
39.0
46.7
54.5
62.3
43.8
48.7
58.4
68.2
77.9
87.7
97.4
73.0
85.2
97.4
109.6
121.7
133.9
146.1
95.4
109.1
122.7
136.3
150.0
163.6
177.2
190.6
140.2
155.8
171.4
187.0
202.6
218.2
233.7
36
46
1018
442.6
1262
35
3.1
175.3
192.8
210.4
227.9
245.4
263.0
280.5
298.0
336
Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1020
3
9.5
14
71
31.0
334
35
3.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
55.1
445
35
3.1
9.3
11.6
13.9
18.6
23.2
12.4
15.5
18.6
24.7
30.9
37.1
27.8
37.1
46.4
55.7
64.9
74.2
83.5
43.3
54.1
64.9
75.8
86.6
97.4
108.2
119.0
61.8
74.2
86.6
98.9
111.3
123.7
136.1
148.4
160.8
111.6
125.6
139.5
153.5
167.4
181.4
195.3
214.3
233.7
253.2
272.7
292.2
311.6
331.1
350.6
370.1
FIS EM
5
6
7
8
9
10
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
28.7
32.3
20
24-25
28
30-32
35-37
40-42
198
285
388
507
645
817
86.1
123.9
168.7
220.3
280.3
355.4
557
668
779
891
1005
1131
35
35
35
35
35
35
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
19.3
23.2
30.9
38.7
46.4
54.1
61.8
40
50
1257
546.4
1403
35
3.1
141.4
157.1
172.8
188.5
204.2
219.9
235.6
251.3
11
35.8
42-45
1007
437.9
1256
35
3.1
191.8
209.3
226.7
244.1
261.6
279.0
296.4
14
43.0
55
1452
631.4
1508
35
3.1
251.3
272.2
293.1
314.1
335.0
356.0
376.9
397.8
418.8
427.1
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1040
8
12
50
24.0
309
39
3.1
10
14
79
37.6
386
39
3.1
7.8
9.7
11.7
13.6
15.6
19.5
9.7
12.2
14.6
17.0
19.5
24.3
29.2
FIS EM
12
14
16
20
25
28
32
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
113
154
201
314
491
616
804
54.1
73.6
96.2
150.3
234.8
294.5
384.6
463
540
617
771
964
1080
1234
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
14.6
17.5
20.5
23.4
29.2
35.1
40.9
20.5
23.9
27.3
34.1
40.9
47.7
54.5
27.3
31.2
39.0
46.7
54.5
62.3
70.1
48.7
58.4
68.2
77.9
87.7
97.4
107.1
97.4
109.6
121.7
133.9
146.1
158.3
122.7
136.3
150.0
163.6
177.2
190.9
204.5
171.4
187.0
202.6
218.2
233.7
249.3
264.9
36
46
1018
486.8
1388
39
3.1
210.4
227.9
245.4
263.0
280.5
298.0
315.5
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance
c
Spacing
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1120
3
9.5
14
71
34.1
367
39
3.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
60.6
490
39
3.1
9.3
11.6
13.9
16.2
18.6
23.2
12.4
15.5
18.6
21.6
24.7
30.9
43.3
27.8
32.5
37.1
46.4
64.9
74.2
83.5
92.8
37.9
43.3
54.1
75.8
86.6
97.4
108.2
119.0
129.9
61.8
86.6
98.9
111.3
123.7
136.1
148.4
160.8
173.2
111.6
125.6
139.5
153.5
167.4
181.4
195.3
209.3
253.2
272.7
292.2
311.6
331.1
350.6
370.1
389.6
405.1
FIS EM
5
6
7
8
9
10
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
28.7
32.3
20
24-25
28
30-32
35-37
40-42
198
285
388
507
645
817
94.7
136.3
185.5
242.3
308.3
390.9
612
735
857
980
1105
1244
39
39
39
39
39
39
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
19.3
23.2
27.1
30.9
38.7
54.1
61.8
69.6
40
50
1257
601.0
1543
39
3.1
141.4
157.1
172.8
188.5
204.2
219.9
235.6
251.3
282.8
11
35.8
42-45
1007
481.7
1381
39
3.1
191.8
209.3
226.7
244.1
261.6
279.0
313.9
348.8
14
43.0
55
1452
694.5
1658
39
3.1
251.3
272.2
293.1
314.1
335.0
376.9
418.8
460.7
469.0
337

Design loads acc. Anchor Theory depending on the anchorage length in non-cracked concrete
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
8
12
50
17.5
114
14
6.1
11.5
23
15.4
17.5
10
14
79
27.3
142
14
6.1
14
28
19.2
24.0
27.3
12
16
113
39.3
171
14
6.1
17
34
14
18
154
53.5
219
16
5.6
22
44
28.8
34.6
39.3
16
20
201
69.9
250
16
5.6
25
50
36.7
42.8
48.9
53.5
48.9
55.9
62.8
69.8
69.9
20
25
314
109.3
330
16
5.3
33
66
74.6
82.9
91.2
99.5
107.8
109.3
FIS V
25
30
491
170.7
435
17
5.0
43.5
87
117.8
127.6
137.4
147.3
157.1
166.9
170.7
* for smaller edge distances and spacings, please refer to your scher Technical support
338
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
3
9.5
14
71
24.8
136
14
6.1
13.5
27
18.3
22.9
24.8
4
12.7
17-18
127
44.1
181
14
6.1
18
36
24.4
30.5
36.6
42.7
44.1
5
15.9
20
198
68.8
226
14
6.1
22.5
45
38.1
45.7
53.3
61.0
68.6
6
19.1
24-25
285
99.1
298
16
5.6
30
60
49.9
58.2
66.5
74.8
83.1
91.4
99.1
7
22.2
28
388
134.9
348
16
5.6
35
70
67.9
77.6
87.3
97.0
106.7
116.4
126.1
134.9
28
35
616
214.2
516
18
4.7
51.5
103
135.0
145.4
155.8
166.2
176.5
186.9
197.3
207.7
214.2
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
176.2
418
16
5.3
42
84
94.8
105.3
115.8
126.3
136.9
147.4
157.9
168.5
176.2
9
28.7
35-37
645
224.2
498
17
5.0
50
100
135.0
146.3
157.5
168.8
180.0
191.3
202.5
213.8
224.2
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
8
12
50
18.4
120
15
6.1
12
24
15.4
18.4
10
14
79
28.7
149
15
6.1
15
30
19.2
24.0
28.7
12
16
113
41.3
179
15
6.1
18
36
14
18
154
56.2
230
16
5.6
23
46
28.8
34.6
40.3
41.3
16
20
201
73.4
263
16
5.6
26
52
36.7
42.8
48.9
55.0
56.2
48.9
55.9
62.8
69.8
73.4
20
25
314
114.7
346
17
5.3
34.5
69
74.6
82.9
91.2
99.5
107.8
114.7
FIS V
25
30
491
179.3
457
18
5.0
45.5
91
117.8
127.6
137.4
147.3
157.1
166.9
176.7
179.3
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
3
9.5
14
71
26.0
142
15
6.1
14
28
18.3
22.9
26.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
46.3
190
15
6.1
19
38
24.4
30.5
36.6
42.7
46.3
5
15.9
20
198
72.3
237
15
6.1
23.5
47
38.1
45.7
53.3
61.0
68.6
72.3
6
19.1
24-25
285
104.1
313
16
5.6
31
62
49.9
58.2
66.5
74.8
83.1
91.4
99.7
104.1
7
22.2
28
388
141.7
365
16
5.6
36.5
73
67.9
77.6
87.3
97.0
106.7
116.4
126.1
135.8
141.7
28
35
616
224.9
541
19
4.7
54
108
135.0
145.4
155.8
166.2
176.5
186.9
197.3
207.7
218.1
224.9
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
185.1
439
17
5.3
44
88
94.8
105.3
115.8
126.3
136.9
147.4
157.9
168.5
179.0
185.1
9
28.7
35-37
645
235.4
523
18
5.0
52.5
105
135.0
146.3
157.5
168.8
180.0
191.3
202.5
213.8
225.0
235.4
339

Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
8
12
50
20.1
131
16
6.1
13
26
15.4
19.2
20.1
10
14
79
31.4
161
16
6.1
16
32
19.2
24.0
28.8
31.4
12
16
113
45.2
196
16
6.1
19.5
39
14
18
154
61.6
252
18
5.6
25
50
28.8
34.6
40.3
45.2
16
20
201
80.4
288
18
5.6
29
58
36.7
42.8
48.9
55.0
61.1
48.9
55.9
62.8
69.8
76.8
80.4
20
25
314
125.7
379
19
5.3
38
76
74.6
82.9
91.2
99.5
107.8
116.1
124.4
125.7
FIS V
25
30
491
196.3
500
20
5.0
50
100
117.8
127.6
137.4
147.3
157.1
166.9
176.7
186.5
340
Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
3
9.5
14
71
28.5
156
16
6.1
15.5
31
18.3
22.9
27.4
28.5
4
12.7
17-18
127
50.7
208
16
6.1
21
42
24.4
30.5
36.6
42.7
48.8
50.7
5
15.9
20
198
79.2
260
16
6.1
26
52
38.1
45.7
53.3
61.0
68.6
76.2
79.2
6
19.1
24-25
285
114.0
343
18
5.6
34
68
49.9
58.2
66.5
74.8
83.1
91.4
99.7
108.1
114.0
7
22.2
28
388
155.2
400
18
5.6
40
80
67.9
77.6
87.3
97.0
106.7
116.4
126.1
135.8
145.5
155.2
28
35
616
246.3
593
21
4.7
59.5
119
135.0
145.4
155.8
166.2
176.5
186.9
197.3
207.7
228.5
246.3
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
202.7
481
19
5.3
48
96
94.8
105.3
115.8
126.3
136.9
147.4
157.9
168.5
179.0
189.5
200.0
202.7
9
28.7
35-37
645
257.9
573
20
5.0
57.5
115
135.0
146.3
157.5
168.8
180.0
191.3
202.5
213.8
225.0
236.3
247.5
257.9
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
650
8
12
50
21.9
142
18
6.1
14
28
15.4
19.2
21.9
10
14
79
34.1
178
18
6.1
17.5
35
19.2
24.0
28.8
33.6
34.1
12
16
113
49.2
213
18
6.1
21
42
14
18
154
66.9
274
20
5.6
27
54
28.8
34.6
40.3
46.1
49.2
16
20
201
87.4
313
20
5.6
31
62
36.7
42.8
48.9
55.0
61.1
66.9
20
25
314
136.6
412
21
5.3
41
82
48.9
55.9
62.8
69.8
76.8
83.8
87.4
74.6
82.9
91.2
99.5
107.8
116.1
124.4
132.6
136.6
FIS V
25
30
491
213.4
543
22
5.0
54
108
117.8
127.6
137.4
147.3
157.1
166.9
176.7
186.5
196.3
206.2
213.4
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
625
3
9.5
14
71
31.0
169
18
6.1
17
34
18.3
22.9
27.4
31.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
55.1
226
18
6.1
22.5
45
24.4
30.5
36.6
42.7
48.8
54.9
55.1
5
15.9
20
198
86.1
282
18
6.1
28
56
38.1
45.7
53.3
61.0
68.6
76.2
83.8
86.1
6
19.1
24-25
285
123.9
373
20
5.6
37.5
75
49.9
58.2
66.5
74.8
83.1
91.4
99.7
108.1
116.4
123.9
7
22.2
28
388
168.7
435
20
5.6
43.5
87
67.9
77.6
87.3
97.0
106.7
116.5
126.1
135.8
145.5
155.2
164.9
168.7
28
35
616
267.7
645
23
4.7
64.5
129
135.0
145.4
155.8
166.2
176.5
186.9
197.3
207.7
218.1
228.5
238.8
249.2
267.7
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
220.3
523
21
5.3
52.5
105
94.8
105.3
115.8
126.3
136.9
147.4
157.9
168.5
179.0
189.5
200.0
210.6
220.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
280.3
623
22
5.0
62.5
12.5
135.0
146.3
157.5
168.8
180.0
191.3
202.5
213.8
225.0
236.3
247.5
280.3
341

Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
650
700
710
8
12
50
24.0
157
20
6.1
16
32
15.4
19.2
23.0
24.0
10
14
79
37.6
196
20
6.1
19.5
39
19.2
24.0
28.8
33.6
37.6
12
16
113
54.1
235
20
6.1
23.5
47
14
18
154
73.6
301
22
5.6
30
60
28.8
34.6
40.3
46.1
51.8
54.1
16
20
201
96.2
344
22
5.6
34.5
69
36.7
42.8
48.9
55.0
61.1
67.2
73.3
48.9
55.9
62.8
69.8
76.8
83.8
90.8
96.2
20
25
314
150.3
453
23
5.3
45.5
91
74.6
82.9
91.2
99.5
107.8
116.1
124.4
132.6
140.9
149.2
150.3
FIS V
25
30
491
234.8
598
24
5.0
60
120
117.8
127.6
137.4
147.3
157.1
166.9
176.7
186.5
196.3
216.0
234.8
342
Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
500
550
600
650
700
3
9.5
14
71
34.1
186
20
6.1
18.5
37
18.3
22.9
27.4
32.0
34.1
4
12.7
17-18
127
60.6
248
20
6.1
24.5
49
24.4
30.5
36.6
42.7
48.8
54.9
60.6
5
15.9
20
198
94.7
311
20
6.1
31
62
38.1
45.7
53.3
61.0
68.6
76.2
83.8
91.4
94.7
6
19.1
24-25
285
136.3
410
22
5.6
41
82
49.9
58.2
66.5
74.8
83.1
91.4
99.7
108.1
116.4
124.7
133.0
136.3
7
22.2
28
388
185.5
478
22
5.6
48
96
67.9
77.6
87.3
97.0
106.7
116.4
126.1
135.8
145.5
155.2
164.9
174.6
185.5
28
35
616
294.5
709
25
4.7
71
142
135.0
145.4
155.8
166.2
176.5
186.9
197.3
207.7
228.5
249.2
270.0
290.8
294.5
FIS V
8
25.4
30-32
507
242.3
575
23
5.3
57.5
115
94.8
105.3
115.8
126.3
136.9
147.4
157.9
168.5
179.0
189.5
210.6
231.6
242.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
30.3
685
24
5.0
68.5
137
135.0
146.3
157.5
168.8
180.0
191.3
202.5
225.0
247.5
270.0
292.5
308.3
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
8
12
50
17.5
93
12
7.4
9.5
19
17.5
10
14
79
27.3
117
12
7.4
12
24
23.4
27.3
12
16
113
39.3
140
12
7.4
14
28
14
18
154
53.5
164
12
7.4
16.5
33
35.1
39.3
39.3
49.1
53.5
16
20
201
69.9
187
12
7.4
19
38
20
25
314
109.3
261
13
6.7
26
52
25
30
491
170.7
343
14
6.3
34
68
28
35
616
214.2
384
14
6.3
38
76
FIS EM
32
40
804
279.7
557
17
5.0
55.5
111
36
46
1018
354.0
626
17
5.0
62.5
125
65.5
69.9
94.2
104.7
109.3
136.8
149.2
161.7
170.7
181.1
195.0
208.9
214.2
188.5
201.1
226.2
251.3
276.5
279.7
226.2
254.5
282.7
311.0
339.3
354.0
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 400 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
3
9.5
14
71
24.8
111
12
7.4
11
22
22.3
24.8
4
12.7
17-18
127
44.1
148
12
7.4
14.5
29
29.7
31.7
44.1
5
15.9
20
198
68.8
185
12
7.4
18.5
37
46.4
55.7
65.0
68.8
6
19.1
24-25
285
99.1
223
12
7.4
22
44
66.8
78.0
89.1
99.1
40
50
1257
437.1
696
17
5.0
69.5
139
7
22.2
28
388
134.9
260
12
7.4
26
52
91.0
104.0
117.0
129.9
134.9
8
25.4
30-32
507
176.2
331
13
6.7
33
66
119.7
133.0
146.3
159.6
172.9
176.2
9
28.7
35-37
645
224.2
393
14
6.3
39
78
171.0
185.3
199.5
213.8
224.2
282.7
314.2
345.6
377.0
408.4
437.1
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
284.3
443
14
6.3
44
88
208.6
224.7
240.7
256.7
284.3
11
35.8
42-45
1007
350.3
623
17
5.0
62
124
210.9
225.0
253.1
281.3
309.4
337.5
350.3
14
43.0
55
1452
505.1
748
17
5.0
74.5
149
270.2
303.9
337.7
371.5
405.3
439.0
472.8
505.1
343

Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
8
12
50
18.4
98
12
7.4
10
20
18.4
10
14
79
28.7
123
12
7.4
12.5
25
23.4
28.7
12
16
113
41.3
147
12
7.4
14.5
29
35.1
41.3
14
18
154
56.2
172
12
7.4
17
34
49.1
56.2
16
20
201
73.4
196
12
7.4
19.5
39
20
25
314
114.7
274
14
6.7
27.5
55
25
30
491
179.3
360
14
6.3
36
72
28
35
616
224.9
404
14
6.3
40.5
81
FIS EM
32
40
804
293.7
584
18
5.0
58.5
117
36
46
1018
371.7
657
18
5.0
65.5
131
65.5
73.4
94.2
104.7
114.7
149.2
161.7
174.1
179.3
181.1
195.0
222.8
224.9
201.1
226.2
251.3
276.5
293.7
254.5
282.7
311.0
339.3
367.6
371.7
344
Design load [kN]

fyk = 420 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
40
50
1257
458.9
730
18
5.0
73
146
3
9.5
14
71
26.0
117
12
7.4
12
24
22.3
26.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
46.3
156
12
7.4
5.5
31
29.7
37.1
44.6
46.3
5
15.9
20
198
72.3
195
12
7.4
19.5
39
46.4
55.7
65.0
72.3
6
19.1
24-25
285
104.1
234
12
7.4
23.5
47
66.8
78.0
89.1
100.2
104.1
7
22.2
28
388
141.7
273
12
7.4
27.5
55
91.0
104.0
117.0
129.9
141.7
8
25.4
30-32
507
185.1
348
14
6.7
35
70.
119.7
133.0
146.3
159.6
172.9
185.1
9
28.7
35-37
645
235.4
413
14
6.3
41.5
83
171.0
185.3
199.5
213.8
228.0
235.4
314.2
345.6
377.0
408.4
439.8
458.9
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
298.5
465
14
6.3
46.5
93
208.6
224.7
240.7
256.7
288.8
298.5
11
35.8
42-45
1007
367.8
654
18
5.0
65.5
131
210.9
225.0
253.1
281.3
309.4
337.5
365.6
367.8
14
43.0
55
1452
530.4
785
18
5.0
78.5
157
270.2
303.9
337.7
371.5
405.3
439.0
472.8
506.6
530.4
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
8
12
50
20.1
107
13
7.4
10.5
21
18.7
20.1
10
14
79
31.4
134
13
7.4
13
26
23.4
29.2
31.4
12
16
113
45.2
161
13
7.4
16
32
35.1
42.1
45.2
45.2
14
18
154
61.6
188
13
7.4
18.5
37
49.1
57.3
61.6
61.6
16
20
201
80.4
215
13
7.4
21.5
43
20
25
314
125.7
300
15
6.7
30
60
65.5
74.8
80.4
80.4
94.2
104.7
115.2
125.7
125.7
25
30
491
196.3
395
16
6.3
39.5
79
149.2
161.7
174.1
186.5
196.3
28
35
616
246.3
442
16
6.3
44
88
181.1
195.0
208.9
222.8
246.3
FIS EM
32
40
804
321.7
640
20
5.0
64
128
188.5
201.1
226.2
251.3
276.5
301.6
321.7
36
46
1018
407.2
720
20
5.0
72
144
226.2
254.5
282.7
311.0
339.3
367.6
395.8
407.2
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 460 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
3
9.5
14
71
28.5
128
13
7.4
13
26
22.3
27.8
28.5
4
12.7
17-18
127
50.7
171
13
7.4
17
34
29.7
37.1
44.6
50.7
5
15.9
20
198
79.2
213
13
7.4
21.5
43
46.4
55.7
65.0
74.3
79.2
6
19.1
24-25
285
114.0
256
13
7.4
25.5
51
66.8
78.0
89.1
100.2
111.4
114.0
7
22.2
28
388
155.2
299
13
7.4
30
60
91.0
104.0
117.0
129.9
142.9
155.2
8
25.4
30-32
507
202.7
381
15
6.7
38
76
119.7
133.0
146.3
159.6
172.9
186.2
202.7
9
28.7
35-37
645
257.9
452
16
6.3
45
90
171.0
185.3
199.5
228.0
256.5
257.9
40
50
1257
502.7
800
20
5.0
80
160
282.7
314.2
345.6
377.0
408.4
439.8
471.2
502.7
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
326.9
509
16
6.3
51
102
208.6
224.7
256.7
288.8
320.9
326.9
11
35.8
42-45
1007
402.9
716
20
5.0
71.5
143
255.0
253.1
281.3
309.4
337.5
365.6
393.8
402.9
14
43.0
55
1452
580.9
860
20
5.0
86
172
303.9
337.7
371.5
405.3
439.0
472.8
506.6
540.4
580.9
345

Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
8
12
50
20.1
107
13
7.4
10.5
21
18.7
21.9
10
14
79
31.4
134
13
7.4
13.5
27
23.4
29.2
34.1
12
16
113
45.2
161
13
7.4
16
32
34.9
41.8
48.8
49.2
14
18
154
61.6
188
13
7.4
19
38
49.1
57.3
65.5
66.9
16
20
201
80.4
215
13
7.4
21.5
43
20
25
314
125.7
300
15
6.7
30
60
65.5
74.8
84.2
87.4
94.2
104.7
115.2
125.7
136.1
136.6
25
30
491
196.3
395
16
6.3
39.5
79
149.2
161.7
174.1
199.0
213.4
28
35
616
246.3
442
16
6.3
44
88
181.1
195.0
222.8
250.7
267.7
FIS EM
32
40
804
321.7
640
20
5.0
64
128
201.1
226.2
251.3
276.5
301.6
326.7
349.7
36
46
1018
407.2
720
20
5.0
72
144
254.5
282.7
311.0
339.3
367.6
385.8
424.1
442.6
346
Design load [kN]

fyk = 500 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
3
9.5
14
71
31.0
139
15
7.4
14
28
22.3
27.8
31.0
4
12.7
17-18
127
55.1
185
15
7.4
18.5
37
29.7
37.1
44.6
52.0
55.1
5
15.9
20
198
86.1
233
15
7.4
23.5
47
46.1
55.4
64.6
73.8
83.0
86.1
6
19.1
24-25
285
123.9
278
15
7.4
28
56
66.8
78.0
89.1
100.2
111.4
123.9
7
22.2
28
388
168.7
325
15
7.4
32.5
65
91.0
104.0
117.0
129.9
155.9
168.7
8
25.4
30-32
507
220.3
414
16
6.7
41.5
83
119.7
133.0
159.6
186.2
212.8
220.3
9
28.7
35-37
645
280.3
492
17
6.3
49
98
171.0
199.5
228.0
256.5
280.3
40
50
1257
502.7
800
20
5.0
80
160
314.2
345.6
377.0
408.4
439.8
471.2
502.7
546.4
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
355.4
554
17
6.3
55.5
111
224.7
256.7
288.8
320.9
353.0
355.4
11
35.8
42-45
1007
437.9
778
22
5.0
78
156
253.1
281.3
309.4
337.5
365.6
393.8
521.9
437.9
14
43.0
55
1452
631.4
935
22
5.0
93.5
187
337.7
371.5
405.3
439.0
472.8
506.6
540.4
574.1
607.9
631.4
Status 11/2009

Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
225
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
1000
8
12
50
24,0
128
16
7,4
13
26
18,7
23,4
24,0
10
14
79
37,6
161
16
7,4
16
32
23,4
29,2
35,1
37,6
12
16
113
54,1
193
16
7,4
19.5
39
35,1
42,1
49,1
54,1
14
18
154
73,6
225
16
7,4
22.5
45
49,1
57,3
65,5
73,6
16
20
201
96,2
257
16
7,4
25.5
51
20
25
314
150,3
359
18
6,7
36
72
65,5
74,8
84,2
96,2
94,2
115,2
125,7
146,6
150,3
25
30
491
234,8
472
19
6,3
47
94
149,2
174,1
199,0
223,8
234,8
28
35
616
294,5
529
19
6,3
53
106
195,0
222,8
250,7
278,6
294,5
FIS EM
32
40
804
384,6
765
24
5,0
76.5
153
226,2
251,3
276,5
301,6
326,7
351,9
377,0
384,6
36
46
1018
486,8
861
24
5,0
86
172
282,7
311,0
339,3
367,6
395,8
424,1
452,4
480,7
486,8
Status 11/2009
Design load [kN]

fyk = 550 N/mm
concrete C20/25
Imperial size
Rebar size
ds
Drill diameter
d0
Cross section
As
Design yield force
Nyd,s
lb0
fbd
Edge distance *
c
Spacing *
s
#
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[mm]
[N/mm]
[cm]
[cm]
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
1000
1030
3
9.5
14
71
34,1
153
16
7,4
15.5
31
22,3
27,8
33,4
34,1
4
12.7
17-18
127
60,6
204
16
7,4
20.5
41
29,7
37,1
44,6
52,0
59,4
5
15.9
20
198
94,7
255
16
7,4
25.5
51
46,4
55,7
65,0
74,3
92,8
94,7
6
19.1
24-25
285
136,3
306
16
7,4
30.5
61
66,8
78,0
89,1
111,4
133,7
136,3
7
22.2
28
388
185,5
357
16
7,4
35.5
71
91,0
104,0
129,9
155,9
181,9
185,5
8
25.4
30-32
507
242,3
456
18
6,7
45.5
91
133,0
159,6
186,2
212,8
239,4
242,3
9
28.7
35-37
645
308,3
541
19
6,3
54
108
199,5
228,0
256,5
285,0
308,3
40
50
1257
601,0
957
24
5,0
95.5
191
345,6
377,0
408,4
439,8
471,2
502,7
534,1
565,5
601,0
FIS EM
10
32.3
40-42
817
390,9
609
19
6,3
61
122
256,7
288,8
320,9
353,0
385,1
390,9
11
35.8
42-45
1007
481,7
856
24
5,0
85.5
171
281,3
309,4
337,5
365,6
393,8
421,9
450,0
478,1
481,7
14
43.0
55
1452
694,5
1028
24
5,0
103
206
371,5
405,3
439,0
472,8
506,6
540,4
574,1
607,9
675,4
694,5
347
Notes
348
Status 11/2009
Fire Safety in the Fixing Technology

6.1
Introduction ..........................................................................350
6.2
Why there will always be res .........................................350
6.3
Prevention through structural and operational

re protection ......................................................................351
6.4
Fire safety measures in the building regulations .........351
6.5
Fire behavior of building materials and structural

members and their designation .......................................353
6.6
Fire development and temperature/time curves .........354
6.7
Fire Test .................................................................................357
6.8
Fire behavior of fasteners and anchors: the current

state of technology .............................................................360
6.9
Anchor applications (examples) ......................................362
6.10 Overview of certied fasteners and anchors ...............363

6.11 References ............................................................................368
Status 06/2008
349

6.1
Introduction
Fasteners and anchors play an important role

not only with regard to connection of building elements, but also where durability and
maintaining capacity and safety is concerned.
Often the stability of structural components in
a re will depend on the fastening element.
The stability of structural components is
essential for insuring that escape is possible
and that escape routes remain intact. For this
reason scher has been working for years
in collaboration with research institutes and
material testing institutes in the area of passive re protection.
Through their intensive involvement in this
area, scher contributes to the development
of fastening technology for anchors exposed
to extreme re conditions.
In addition, we see it as an important contribution to safety, when those responsible for

design and specication of building projects
avail themselves of our experience. By choosing todays best solutions for preventive re
protection it helps to limit damage and save
lives.
Figure 6.1:
Restaurant re in Hamburg 1997 [1]
Building: Mainly wood construction, single-oor, timber pile
foundation
Cause of re: Technical defect in the electrical installation, probably a result of material fatigue
Building damage: Total destruction down to the pile foundation
and grating of timbers
Cost of damage: app. 0.5 million EUR
350
6.2
Why there will always be res
In spite of the most stringent re prevention

measures, the possible outbreak of re can
never be excluded when the following conditions preside at the same time:
Flammable material
Oxygen or an oxidizing agent
Suciently high temperature, or a source
of ignition
Fires can occur at any stage in the life of a
building. Examples are:
New construction - through welding and
work involving open ames.
Normal operation - through handling ammable materials, short circuits in defective
electric cables, cable res through overloaded
electrical circuits, incorrect handling of machines and household devices.
Maintenance and demolition - sources
of re can arise when working with grinders
which produce red hot particles, or the dripping of burning material.
Figure 6.2:
Tunnel re test 2001 in a Brenner Motorway tunnel in cooperation with the Autostrada del Brennero S.P.A. Institute for Constructive Civil Engineering, Santa Automation Instruments and scher
xing systems [2]
Status 11/2009

6.3
Prevention through structural and

operational re protection
The rst objective of re protection is to prevent res. If, in spite of this a re occurs, then
the second objective is to minimize the consequences. Fastening elements can make
essential contributions towards the realization
of both objectives. In Germany the State Building Ordinances (Landesbauordnung LBO),
the Employers Liability Association Directives
and Regulations (Berufsgenossenschaftliches
Vorschriften- und Regelwerk BGVR), as well
as the Association of Insurers VdS (Verband
der Sachversicherer VdS), specify measures
for structural and operational re prevention.
In the U. S. but also in many countries in Asia
requirements of Factory Mutual (FM), an international group of insurance companies in the
U. S., must be observed. The regulations of VdS
and FM are required particulary for the design
and installation of sprinkler systems. Anchors
with FM-Certicate are listed in section 6.10.
Several directives of particular importance are
listed below:
Preventative structural re protection includes the following:
Sectioning of the building into dierent

re protection areas through the installation of
re resistant dividing walls (F 90), or re walls
and partitions.
Installation of smoke extraction, thermal
extraction and air supply units.
Provisions of safe escape and rescue
routes as well as fume extraction systems.
Design and maintenance of access routes
so that re engines can get to the target area
at any time without obstruction, and that parking areas are insured for re ghting equipment.
Lightning protection.
Operational re safety includes the following
measures and facilities:
Fire alarm systems (smoke, thermal, and
ame alarms, manual alarms).
Gas warning sensors.
Fire department key boxes, key depots.
Permanent re extinguishing installations,
such as sprinkler systems, wall hydrants, re
department feed points and re extinguishers.
Compliance with re regulations. (e.g. the

layout and structure of the property, use of
heating and electrical systems and storage of
ammable or explosive materials).
Fire safety coordination, emergency plans.
Use of re rated and re retardant materials.
Regular maintenance of re resistant shutters (doors, gates).
Measures to maintain the structural

stability of the main structural components
during the re, to enable escape and rescue
of people. This can be achieved by selecting
building members with a suitable re rating,
which should be specied according to the
intended use of the building and in accordance with the building regulations.
Signage for re extinguishers and re exits.

Adaption of furnishing for re-loads.
6.4
Fire safety measures in the building regulations
Within the framework of urban planning and

building laws the state creates the prerequisites to insure public safety and to prevent risk
through re hazard.
Suitable design of structural units such

as walls, ceilings, stairs, elevator shafts and
services.
Status 11/2009
351

6.4.1 Building Ordinance in Germany
The Building Ordinance (MBO) is the basis
for many building code regulations including
those relative to re safety measures. The
State Building Ordinances (LBO) of the individual states supplement the MBO. (Fig. 6.3).
Supplemental to the State Building Ordinances there are other laws or directives that
regulate additional measures for special types
of buildings:
Paragraph 17 of the MBO states the following:
Construction Ordinance relating to places

of public assembly
Structural facilities are to be arranged and

equipped, such that the development and
spreading of re is prevented, in the interest of
avoiding hazards to life and health of people
and animals, and that in case of re, eective
extinguishing work and the rescue of people
and animals are possible.
Retail Construction Ordinance
The required tests are specied in the re

safety standard DIN 4102. It regulates the
classication of building materials, structural
components and special components into
dierent re ratings.
6.4.3 Application related rules and regulations
6.4.2 State Building Ordinances in Germany

The specications of the Building Ordinance
(MBO) have been transformed into applicable
law. The details dier from state to state.
Figure 6.3:
Requirements that must be fullled by building members with
regard to eective re safety /3/
School Construction Guidelines

Garage Construction Ordinance
Restaurant Construction Ordinance
Hospital Construction Ordinance
High rised buildings Construction Ordinance
Industrial building Guidelines
6.4.4 Fire safety measures in international urban planning and building
law
Because no generally applicable international
guidelines are available, in each individual
case, design and execution of re safety
measures are to be oriented on country-specic directives. The standard temperature/time
curve (ISO 834) however is recognised worldwide. Fire analysis and results that are derived
from this standard can therefore be applied in
many cases to solve technical re safety problems in other countries.
Basic Requirements
Public safety, particularly life or health
may not be endangered
The development of re must be prevented, and the rescue of people and animals,
as well as eective extinguishing work, must be successful.
Individual Requirements
Layout on the property and layout

relative to neighbouring buildings,
re ghting
Fire behavior of building materials

and building components
Size, position and protection

of the re partitions
Location and design

of the rescue passages
Limitations on size, requirements for limiting structural components (rewalls),

closure of openings in rewalls, equivalent measures for large re partitions
(smoke warning alarms + sprinklers)
352
Status 11/2009

6.5
Fire behaviour of building materials and structural members and

their designation
DIN 4102 dierentiates between building

materials and structural members. Building
materials correspond to a certain material
(concrete, timber, steel) and as a result they
dier in terms of their combustion. That is why
they are dierentiated according to their re
behaviour regardless of their external form
(Table 6.1).
Structural members can consist of dierent
building materials. They are evaluated as an
entity, and classied according to their duration of re resistance.
6.5.1 Duration of re resistance
The duration of re resistance indicates the
resistance to re over a certain period of time.
Example:
F 30
Explanation:
The structural member has, under the conditions referred to by the standard temperature/
time curve, a re resistance duration of 30
minutes. For F 30 the term re retardant is
used. Structural members starting from F 90
and higher are designated as reproof.
The re rating is classied with regard to the
minimum resistance of 30, 60, 90, 120, or
180 minutes.
Table 6.1:
Building material classes according to DIN 4102 part 1
Building material class
Ocial designation
A
A1
A2
B
Non-ammable building materials
B1
B2
B3
Status 11/2009
Flammable building materials

Flame retardant building materials
Normal ammable building materials
Easily ammable building materials
6.5.2 Fire behaviour

Letters printed next to the re rating, designate the re behaviour of a structural member
(Tab. 6.1). A re retardant structural component made of non-ammable building materials with a re rating class F 30 is designated
accordingly with F 30 A. The designation AB
stands for the combination of non-ammable
and ammable materials.
6.5.3 Designation and classication of
fasteners and anchors
The re rating class for fasteners and anchors
is specied, for example R 90.
The use of fasteners and anchors is regulated
through approvals. These fastener and anchor
approvals do not contain information concerning re resistance in minutes. Exceptions
are the German Approvals for the anchorage
of light ceiling claddings, for example: scher
Nail anchor FNA II, scher Zykon hammerset
anchor FZEA II, scher Hammerset anchor
EA II (see table 6.2).
If anchors are required for other applications,
where they must maintain their function in
case of re or higher temperature, then expert
information about the specic re behaviour is
provided (compare section 6.10).
Table 6.2:
scher Hammerset anchor EA II /4/
Type
EA II
M8x40
90 min 0.21
perm. load
re resistance duration
per anchor
re resistance duration 120 min
EA II
M10
0.38
EA II
M12
0.9
0.69
0.15
0.31
Spacing
s [cm]
16
16
20
Edge distance
c [cm]
14
16
20
Min. member thickness
h [cm]
10
353

6.5.5
For structural components in Germany anchors
shall be selected that are approved and covered by an independent expert information.
Fixings of re resistant doors are covered by
DIN 18093.
6.5.4 Special components
Other structural members such as cable
systems, ventilation ducts, and re safety
enclosures are tested for their re rating class
according to special specications. In the case
of re resistance Table 6.3 shows the dierent
classes. All structural xings must demonstrate at least the required re resistance of
the element being xed. If, for example, a re
rating of L 90 is required for ventilation ducts,
then an anchor with a certied class of at least
F 90 must be used.
With systems consisting of dierent parts (e.

g. cable and cable clamp or door frame and
xing), that have been tested at a unit, no part
must be replaced by a dierent component.
Otherwise the approval is not longer valid.
Future European standard
International re safety experience has been

summarized in the future standard E DIN EN
13501 - part 1. This standard will replace the
existing re standard DIN 4102 part 1 further
to nal agreement and publication. Following
this, the building materials classes will change
according to table 6.4 /5/. The letters s and
d indicate the criteria smoke (s) and droplets
(d).
6.6.
Fire development and temperature/time curves
In order to assess anchors under inuence

of re, reproducible simulation tests are
required.
Table 6.4:
Classication of the re behavior of building materials (except
oor coverings) /5/
Ocial
construction
requirements
Fireproof
At least
Additional requirements European class according to

Class
DIN EN 13501-1
according to
No smoke no burning
DIN 4102-1
particles/or
burning
droplets
X
X
A1
A1
X
X
X
Hardly
ammable
X
Table 6.3:
Fire resistance classes
Class F
General application, bearing or non-bearing walls, beams, and joists
Class W
Fire walls, non-bearing external walls including railings and skirting
Class E
Maintaining function of electrical cabling systems
Class T
Fire safety enclosures
Class G
Special glass for re safety enclosures
Class L
Ventilation duct
Class K
Blocking xtures in ventilation ducts
Class S
Cable partitions
Class R
Encased pipelines
Class I
Installation shafts and channels
354
At least
A2 s1 d0
A2
B, C
-s1 d0
A2
-s2 d0
A2, B, C
-s3 d0
A2, B, C
-s1 d1
A2, B, C
-s1 d2
A2, B, C
-s3 d2
-s1 d0
B1
-s2 d0
X
Normal
ammable
-s3 d0
E
B2
-s1 d2
-s2 d2
-s3 d2
At least
Easily
ammable
-d2
F
B3
Status 11/2009

6.6.1 Real re development
Fires proceed according to the principle represented in gure 6.4. There are two distinct
phases developing re and fully developed
re. In the case of the developing re there is
dierentiation between the ignition phase and
the smouldering phase, in the case of fully
developed re there is dierentiation between
heating-up phase and cool-down phase. Thus
the building material class according to DIN
4102 part 1 (for example A, A1, B3) is the
decisive factor for the developing re. In the
case of a full-re, after ashpoint, the decisive
factor is the re resistance of the structural
member (e.g. F 90).
6.6.2 Standard re tests according to

the standard temperature/time
curve
Fire eect relative to temperature and elapsed
time is dened in the standard temperature/
time curve (ETK) (Fig. 6.5) according to DIN
4102 and ISO 834. The curve is characterised by a at increase in temperature up to
1090 C after 120 minutes. It is accepted
world-wide as a basis for evaluation. Thus re
test results can be applied throughout the
world.
The temperature/time curve is the basis for all
standard re tests. Ocial building authorities
do not legislate on the cool-down phase. That
is why it is not considered in the standard
time/temperature curve. The increase in temperature and the maximum temperature are
selected such that testing in accordance with
the standard temperature/time curve creates
eects that are similar to those resulting from
a real re.
Figure 6.4:
Fire phases, re temperatures (diagram) and re hazards [6]
Status 11/2009
355

6.6.3 Temperature curves for special
applications
Besides the standard temperature/time curve
further temperature curves are accepted for
special applications. The hydrocarbon curve
describes re damage with ammable liquids.
In Germany tunnel res are simulated according to the RABT/ZTV Tunnel curve. In the
Netherlands they are simulated according to
the Rijkswaterstaat Tunnel curve (Fig. 6.5).
The RABT/ZTV Tunnel curve is characterised by an increase in temperature up to
1200 C within 5 minutes. An even more
severe temperature action is required in accordance with the Rijkswaterstaat-Tunnelcurve:
1200 C over a time of 120 minutes.
6.6.4 Fire tests under real conditions

The scher group of companies collaborates
in international research projects on re behaviour. In addition to analytical experiments and
modelling calculations there is also a focus
here on executing re tests under real conditions. In this regard, the spectrum extends from
small re analysis of room res and house res
to the re test in a Brenner Motorway tunnel
(Fig. 6.2). This re test took place in July 2001
as part of a catastrophe-training program near
Brixen, Italy.
Three objectives were paramount during the
execution of this trial: Determination of the
temperature depending on the distance to the
concrete surface (Fig. 6.6), the load bearing
capacity of the anchors during and after the
re.
Figure 6.7 shows the test set up. Bergmeister
and Rieder published the results of this re
test /7/.
6
Figure 6.5:
Time/temperature curves [7] (ETK), Hydrocarbon curve,
RABT Tunnel curve, Riikswaaterstaat Tunnel curve
Figure 6.6:
Temperature measurement on the scher Anchor bolt FAZ depending on the distance to the concrete surface
Measuring point I hef
Measuring point III mouth of the hole
Measuring point II hef/2
356
Status 11/2009

Figure 6.7:
Setup for the test in the Brenner Motorway tunnel /2/
6.7.2 Safety concept

Permissible anchor loads specied in ocial
approvals, only show a fraction of the anchors
failure load. This means that variations caused
by irregularities in the building material, inaccurate assembly and unforeseen stresses in
the structural member are accounted for.
In the re test, the failure load is determined
under re conditions. Here the permissible
load is determined from this failure load using
a safety factor 1.
As dierent safety concepts are permitted
for ocial fastener and anchor approvals
and for re test evaluation, it is possible that
the permissible load determined for re may
be higher than that specied by the fastener
or anchor approval. Nevertheless the prescribed maximum permissible load stated in the
anchor approval must be respected.
6.7
Fire test
All standard tests to determine the load bearing capacity of anchors are executed in a
furnace.
6.7.1 Test set up and test procedure
The spatial enclosure of the furnace consists
of either a C20/25 reinforced concrete slab,
or of masonry. The anchors are set into these
building materials, loaded as dened and then
exposed to ames. The duration of re resistance indicates the time, an anchor can resist
without failure. As the load bearing capacity of
an anchor essentially depends on its diameter,
the elapsed time to failure is a function of the
diameter. The results are on the conservative
side, as the tests are executed without protection of the xture.
The temperature development must correspond to the standard temperature/time curve
or to other curves (e.g. gure 6.5).
Status 11/2009
6.7.3 Modes of failure

At high re temperatures, tensile strength and
yield strength of the steel and the compressive
strength and tensile strength of the concrete
are signicantly reduced. During re tests,
using anchors installed in concrete, three different modes of failure can occur.
6.7.3.1 Steel failure of fasteners and
anchors
As the temperature rises, the strength of
the steel is reduced. As soon as the ultimate
strength has been reached steel failure occurs
outside the base material (Fig. 6.8c). Figure
6.9 illustrates how temperature changes the
load-bearing capacity of structural steels. At a
temperature of 500 C the yield strength corresponds to only 58% of the value measured
at ambient temperature.
Two types of steel failure can be observed:
steel failure within the cross section and the
357

shearing of threads of the threaded rod and/
or the nut.
Test results /10/ reveal that the steel failure
load depends upon the type of steel (carbon
steel or stainless steel) and the diameter of the
anchor. Accordingly stainless steels perform
signicantly better at comparable re stresses
than carbon steels. Anchors with smaller diameters fail more quickly than those with large
diameters.
6.7.3.2 Concrete failures
The dierent coecients of expansion of the
concrete components (aggregates, cement,
water, reinforcement) as well as the high
temperature dierences between the amed
surface and the deeper layers produce strong
stresses. In addition water, physically bound
in concrete, vaporizes and thus stresses the
concrete. This means particularly that spallingo can occur in the layers close to the surface
(Fig. 6.10).
Spalling-o is strongly inuenced by the

location and size of the reinforcement. The
spalling behaviour is signicantly aected by
the reinforcement. A dense reinforcement of
Figure 6.8:
Modes of failure under tension load
thin bars is more unfavourable than thicker

reinforcement bars placed at greater distances
from each other. The draft of the German regulation ZTV-DNG, part 5, section 4, requires a
minimum embedment depth of 65 mm to
allow for spalling of the concrete.
As is illustrated in Figure 6.11, the temperature in the concrete decreases with increasing
distance from the surface. Thus, the concrete
cover represents a temperature protection
for the reinforcement. If the concrete cover
spalls o, then reinforcement failure should
be expected.
New research results /10/ demonstrate that
failure due to concrete break-out (Fig. 6.8b) of
approved anchors with embedment depths >
40 mm is negligible. Exceptions are anchors
that operate on the deformation-controlled
principle via the setting of a cone (for example
scher Hammerset anchor EA II). This type of
anchors is only approved for anchoring light
ceiling claddings and for applications in noncracked concrete. However in the case of re,
cracks occur in the concrete. Because of the
lack of post expansion capacity, these anchors
show a large displacement in cracked concrete. Hence the embedment depth is reduced to the extent that concrete break-out of
the remaining concrete cover must be taken
into consideration.
Figure 6.9:
Behavior of steel depending on the temperature, derived from/9/
358
Status 11/2009

6.7.3.3 Pull-out / pull-through of metal
expansion and undercut anchors
6.7.3.4 Bond failures of chemical anchor

systems
In res of long duration, cracks will occur in the

interior of the concrete that will run through the
drill hole of the anchor. For torque-controlled
anchors, suitable for use in cracked concrete,
like the scher Anchor bolt FAZ II, it has been
identied that pull-out can only be observed
shortly before failure of the concrete member.
This is due to the fact that these anchors have
a so called post-expansion behaviour: if the
drill hole is enlarged by a crack, then the load
acting on the anchor pulls the expansion cone
deeper into the expansion sleeve and thus the
transferable load remains high and a large
displacement, as in the case of a deformationcontrolled anchor, does not occur.
In the case of chemical anchor systems, both

capsule and injection systems, the mortar
softens at high temperature which leads to a
bond failure.
The same applies for undercut anchors like

the scher Zykon anchor FZA. The part of the
anchor placed in the conical undercut of the
drill hole has a signicantly larger diameter
than that within the cylindrical drill hole. Thus
this type of anchor reacts for the most part
with no sensitivity to crack formation.
Fire-induced cracks can become larger during
or after cool down. In this case, post re pullout failure is possible.
Figure 6.10:
Spalling-o of the concrete cover /2/
Status 11/2009
Hybrid systems based on vinyl ester resins as

used by the scher group of companies (Upat
UPM 44 Injection mortar or scher injection
mortar FIS V) reach a maximum short term
use temperature of 120 C. Products based
on vinyl ester resins only (Upat UMV multicone, Upat UKA 3 resin anchor or scher resin
anchor R (Eurobond)) may be used up to a
short term temperature of 120 C. For polyester resin mortar this temperature is 80 C.
Further studies have shown that in the direct
aming of bonded anchors that are installed in
concrete slabs, the heat advances only slowly
along the embedment depth /7/. Figure 6.12
demonstrates how the temperature in the
mortar develops depending on the distance to
the concrete surface and the re duration.
Tests with the bonded expansion system,
scher Highbond anchor FHB, prove that the
Figure 6.11:
scher Anchor bolt FAZ A4 - temperatures over the length of the
drill hole after 15 minutes of re exposure /2/
359

load-bearing capacity is only slightly reduced
due to the supplemental expansion forces
and that the steel failure is decisive. Thus
with modern bonded expansion anchors, in
the case of re, loads similar to that for steel
anchors can be applied.
6.7.3.5 Steel failure at temperatures up to
400 C
In cases where the fastening is exposed to

temperatures up to 400 C, a reduction of
steel strength should be considered in the
design procedure. This is covered by the draft
of the tunnel regulation ZTV-DNG. Relatively
high temperatures occur in the vicinity of the
source of re. Nevertheless equipment such as
fans or fume extraction systems must remain
usable. This is guaranteed by consideration of
higher temperatures for both, the equipment
as well as the anchors. Table 6.5 shows the
reduction of the yield strength of dierent
stainless steels as a function of the temperature. Corresponding numbers for carbon steel
may be found in gure 6.9.
Figure 6.12:
Temperature in the area of the mortar of chemical anchors during a re
test (Upat UKA 3 Chemical anchor and scher Resin anchor R)
6.8
Fire behaviour of fasteners and

anchors: the current state of technology
The appropriate values for loads and re

resistance, depending on the anchor type and
application, are specied in the ocial approvals or re tests.
6.8.1 Anchors for the anchorage of
lightweight suspended ceiling
The scher Nail anchor FNA II, scher Zykon
hammerset anchor FZEA II, scher Hammerset anchor EA II and Upat EXA Express anchor
are typical anchors for suspended ceilings and
comparable redundant systems, for example
ventilation ducts and pipe lines. For these
applications the load under normal temperature conditions is limited to 0.3 - 1.5 kN per
anchor in accordance with the German approvals. The permissible load in the case of re is
given in section 6.10.1.3
6.8.2 Test results for approved heavy
duty anchors
The following anchors have been tested for
their re behaviour: scher High performance
anchor FH II, scher Anchor bolt FAZ II, scher
Bolt FBN II, scher Zykon anchor FZA, scher
Zykon hammerset anchor FZEA II, scher
Hollow-ceiling anchor FHY, scher Highbond
anchor FHB II, scher Injection mortar FIS V,
Upat UPM 44 Chemical mortar and Upat EXA
Express anchor. In the respective tables shown
Table 6.5:
Minimum yield strengths [N/mm2] of stainless steels as a function of the temperature /11/
360
Material
20 C
100 C
200 C
300 C
400 C
1.4401
200
175
145
127
115
1.4404
200
165
137
119
108
1.4571
200
185
165
145
135
1.4529
300
230
190
170
160
Status 11/2009

in section 6.10 the load bearing capacity is
listed depending on re resistance, anchor
diameter and steel quality.
F 60, F 90 etc. now the terms R 60, R 90 etc.

are to be used.
Generally stainless steel oers more safety in

case of re than carbon steels. For this reason
the classication for anchors produced from
stainless steel can be applied without testing
from results with carbon steel. The results are
conservative. This is exemplied by the test
results listed in table 6.6 for Upat UPM 44
Chemical mortar with ASTA M 16 and scher
Zykon anchor FZA M 12 for the re rating
class F 90.
6.8.4 Test results for approved nylon

frame-xings with zinc-plated
screws
Table 6.6:
Inuence of the type of steel on the load capacity (examples
for F90)
Designation
UPM 44 + ASTA M 16
FZA 18x80 M12
Zinc plated steel
[kN]
4.0
2.0
Stainless steel
[kN]
5.8
5.0
6.8.3 Evaluation of metal anchors during

occurence of re according EOTA
Technical Report TR 020
In their Technical Report TR 020 the EOTA
dened a re rating guideline for metal
anchors. Following ETAG 001 also in TR 020
initially the load directions axial tension and
shear are proved separately and after that in
combination.
On the one hand TR 020 gives you a pure calculational method whose results are clearly on
the safe side but do not use the whole capacity of the anchors.
It can be shown in tests that nylon framexings ( 10 mm, screw 7 mm, hef 50
mm, Fperm 0.8 kN) made from polyamide
PA 6 embedded in the concrete have a re
resistance of at least F 90.
6.8.5 Insulation xings and xings for
external thermal insulation composite systems
With regard to the application of insulation
xings made of plastic they basically do not
contribute to re spreading due to their spacing
in between each other. Following the requirements of 26 MBO (Building Ordinance) the
minimum requirements for normal amable
building materials have to be respected [12].
In some cases the applications in escape
routes and re protecting walls require metal
insulation xings.
Ocial Approvals for ETICS (external thermal
insulation composite systems) also include
the xing elements. The use with regard to re
resistance is only allowed in accordance with
the determined conditions of the Approval.
On the other hand the calculational values can

be increased enormously by making re rating
tests. These values are evaluated in a test
report. For the rst time such a test report was
issued for the scher Anchor bolt FAZ II.
Furthermore it should be mentioned that in
these test reports the terminology for the re
resistance classication has been adapted to
European standards. Instead of the old terms
Status 11/2009
361

6.9.
Anchor applications (examples)
Application
suitable xing or anchor

Ventilation lines and installation equipment with re
prevention L 30 to L 120
scher Zykon anchor FZA

scher Zykon hammerset anchor FZEA II
scher Anchor bolt FAZ II + FAZ A4/C
scher Nail anchor FNA II
scher Injection mortar FIS V
scher High performance anchor FH II
scher Ceiling nail FDN
scher Concrete screw FBS
Sprinkler systems

scher Hammerset anchor EA II
scher Hollow-ceiling anchor FHY
Ventilation ducts

Cable race ways

Heavy pipelines
and cable race ways

scher Highbond anchor FHB II
362
Status 11/2009

6.10.
Overview of certied fasteners and anchors
6.10.1 Fire testing according to DIN 4102 resp. TR 020
6.10.1.1 Applications in cracked concrete
Designation
Anchor type
Material
Max. permissible loads in case of re [kN]
Test report Certikate Application
gvz A4
C
R 30/F 30 R 60/F 60 R 90/F 90 R 120/F 120 approval no. * FM
tenshear
tenshear
tenshear
tenshear
(1.4529)
sion
sion
sion
sion
FHB II 8 x 60
FHB II 10 x 60
FHB II 10 x 95
FHB II 12 x 75
FHB II 12 x 120
FHB II 16 x 95
FHB II 16 x 160
FHB II 20 x 210
FHB II 24 x 170
FHB-A dyn 12 x 100/25
FHB-A dyn 12 x 100/50
FHB-A dyn 16 x 125/25
FHB-A dyn 16 x 125/50
FHB-A dyn 20 x 170/50
FHB-A dyn 24 x 220/50
FHB-A dyn 16 x 125/50C
scher Highbond dynamic anchor

FHB dyn
scher Zykon bolt anchor FZA
FZA M6
FZA M8
FZA M10
FZA M12
FZA M16
FZA M6 A4/C
FZA M8 A4/C
FZA M10 A4/C
FZA M12 A4/C
FZA M16 A4/C
scher Zykon through anchor FZA-D FZA M8 D
FZA M10 D
FZA M12 D
FZA M16 D
FZA M8 D A4/C
FZA M10 D A4/C
FZA M12 D A4/C
FZA M16 D A4/C
scher Zykon internally threaded
FZA M6 I
anchor FZA-I
FZA M8 I
FZA M10 I
FZA M12 I
FZA M6 I A4/C
FZA M8 I A4/C
FZA M10 I A4/C
FZA M12 I A4/C
scher Zykon hammerset anchor
FZEA II 10 x 40 M8
FZEA II
FZEA II 12 x 40 M10
FZEA II 14 x 40 M12
2.3 2.8 1.8 2.1 1.2 1.4

3.4 4.1 2.4 2.9 1.4 1.8
3.6 4.3 2.7 3.3 1.8 2.4
4.4 4.9 3.5 4.0 2.6 3.1
5.1 6.1 3.8 4.9 2.4 3.6
8.3 9.2 6.6 7.5 4.8 5.9
9.5 11.4 7.0 9.1 4.5 6.8
14.9 17.8 11.0 14.2 7.1 10.6
18.7 20.8 14.8 17.0 10.9 13.3
7.0
4.0
2.5
7.0
4.0
2.5
15.0
7.0
5.0
15.0
7.0
5.0
20.0
9.5
7.0
25.0
12.0
9.5
15.0
7.0
5.0
-
0.9
0.9
1.4
2.1
1.7
4.0
3.3
5.2
8.9
4.0
4.0
5.0
7.5
4.0
PB III /
1.0
B-06-065
1.2
(18.04.2006)
1.9
2.7
3.0
5.0
5.6
8.8
11.4
- 3038/8141-1
- (12.10.2001)
-
1.0
1.5
4.5
8.5
13.5
2.1
10.0
18.0
22.0
24.0
1.5
4.5
8.5
13.5
10.0
18.0
22.0
24.0
1.0
1.5
4.5
8.5
2.1
10.0
18.0
22.0
1.0
1.80
1.8
0.25
0.4
0.9
1.5
3.0
0.7
1.0
2.0
3.5
6.0
0.4
0.9
1.5
3.0
1.0
2.0
3.5
6.0
0.25
0.4
0.9
1.5
0.7
1.0
2.0
3.5
0.7
1.2
1.5
0.6
0.9
1.0
0.9
2.3
2.3
0.5
0.8
2.2
3.5
6.5
1.2
4.0
7.0
9.0
12.0
0.8
2.2
3.5
6.5
4.0
7.0
9.0
12.0
0.5
0.8
2.2
3.5
1.2
4.0
7.0
9.0
0.9
1.8
1.8
0.8
1.7
2.1
0.35
0.5
1.3
2.0
4.0
0.85
1.8
3.5
5.0
7.5
0.5
1.3
2.0
4.0
1.8
3.5
5.0
7.5
0.35
0.5
1.3
2.0
0.85
1.8
3.5
5.0
0.8
1.6
1.8
0.7
1.1
1.4
3277/0531-1
(23.11.2001)
3277/0531-1
(23.11.2001)
3277/0531-1
(23.11.2001)
ETA-06/0271
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
* Detailed information about test reports and approvals please refer to: www.fischer.de/fixing systems/products/product online catalogue ...
meets VdS requirements
Status 11/2009
363
Designation
Anchor type
Material
gvz A4
C
(1.4529) tenshear tenshear tenshear tenshear
sion
sion
sion
sion
scher Anchor bolt FAZ
FAZ II M8
FAZ II M10
FAZ II M12
FAZ II M16
FAZ II M20
FAZ II M24
FAZ 8 A4/C
FAZ 10 A4/C
FAZ 12 A4/C
FAZ 16 A4/C
FH 10 B / S / H
FH II 12 B / S / H /SK
FH II 15 B / S / H / SK
FH II 18 B / S / H
FH II 24 B / S / H
FH II 28 B / S / H
FH II 32 B / S / H
FBS 8
FBS 10
FBS 10 A4
scher High performance anchor

FH/FH II
1,25 1,8 1,2 1,6 0,9 1,3 0,8 1,2 ETA-05/0069

2,25 3,6 2,25 2,9 1,9 2,2 1,6 1,9
4,0 6,3 4,0 4,9 3,2 3,5 2,8 2,8
9,4 11,7 7,7 9,1 6,0 6,6 5,2 5,3
14,0 18,0 12,0 14,0 9,0 10,0 8,0 8,0
21,0 26,0 17,0 20,0 13,0 14,0 11,0 11,0
PB III/B-021,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
316
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
- (31.01.2003)
8,0
8,0
8,0
8,0
0,4
0,4
0,4
3355/0530-2
(25.5.00)
2,0 2,0 1,3 1,0 0,6 1,0 0,2 0,2 ETA-07/0025

3,2 3,2 2,3 2,3 1,4 1,4 1,0 1,0
4,8 4,8 3,9 3,9 3,0 3,0 2,6 2,6
8,9 8,9 7,3 7,3 5,6 5,6 4,8 4,8
12,6 13,9 11,3 11,3 8,8 8,8 7,5 7,5
16,5 20,0 16,3 16,3 12,6 12,6 10,8 10,8
0,8
0,8
- 902 070 000
1,0
1,0
- (25.06.2002)
1,5
1,5
-
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
cracked
and
noncracked
concrete
364
Status 11/2009

6.10.1.2 Applications in non-cracked concrete
Designation
Anchor type
Material
gvz A4
C
(1.4529) tenshear tenshear tenshear tenshear
sion
sion
sion
sion
scher Bolt FBN
FBN II 8
FBN II 10
FBN II 12
FBN II 16
FBN II 20
FBN 8 A4
FBN 10 A4
FBN 12 A4
FBN 16 A4
EXA M8
EXA M10
EXA M12
Upat EXA Express anchor
Upat UPM 44 Injection mortar
scher Hollow-ceilling anchor FHY
scher Universal frame xing FUR
UPM 44 M8
UPM 44 M10
UPM 44 M12
UPM 44 M16
UPM 44 M20
UPM 44 M24
UPM 44 M30
UPM 44 M8 A4/C
UPM 44 M10 A4/C
UPM 44 M12 A4/C
UPM 44 M16 A4/C
UPM 44 M20 A4/C
UPM 44 M24 A4/C
UPM 44 M30 A4/C
FIS A M8
FIS A M10
FIS A M12
FIS A M16
FIS A M20
FIS A M24
FIS A M30
FIS A M8 A4/C
FIS A M10 A4/C
FIS A M12 A4/C
FIS A M16 A4/C
FIS A M20 A4/C
FIS A M24 A4/C
FIS A M30 A4/C
FHY M6
FHY M8
FHY M10
FUR 101)
FUR 102)
FUR 103)
1,44)
3,24)
6,14)
10,34)
20,34)
0,5
1,3
1,8
4,0
0,8
0,8
0,8
1,84)
3,24)
9,84)
20,64)
33,64)
1,14)
3,14)
6,14)
10,34)
19,94)
0,5
1,3
1,8
4,0
0,8
0,8
0,8
1,84)
3,24)
7,94)
17,44)
27,24)
0,74)
2,04)
4,24)
7,84)
12,24)
0,5
1,3
1,8
4,0
0,7
0,8
0,8
1,84)
3,24)
6,14)
13,44)
20,94)
0,64)
1,44)
2,84)
5,34)
8,44)
0,5
0,8
0,8
1,14)
2,54)
5,14)
11,34)
17,74)
1,9
4,5
8,5
13,5
21,0
30,0
45,0
4,3
7,5
11,0
25,0
32,0
45,0
70,0
1,9
4,5
8,5
13,5
21,0
30,0
45,0
4,3
7,5
11,0
25,0
32,0
45,0
70,0
1,0
1,6
2,5
0,8
2,1
3,6
6,4
10,0
14,0
22,0
0,8
2,1
5,7
10,0
15,0
22,0
35,0
0,8
2,1
3,6
6,4
10,0
14,0
22,0
0,8
2,1
5,7
10,0
15,0
22,0
35,0
0,45
1,0
1,65
0,3
1,0
2,1
4,0
6,0
9,0
14,0
0,3
1,0
3,9
5,8
9,0
13,0
20,0
0,3
1,0
2,1
4,0
6,0
9,0
14,0
0,3
1,0
3,9
5,8
9,0
13,0
20,0
0,28
0,75
1,3
0,15
0,6
1,5
3,0
4,5
6,5
10,0
0,15
0,6
3,0
4,0
6,0
9,0
14,0
0,15
0,6
1,5
3,0
4,5
6,5
10,0
0,15
0,6
3,0
4,0
6,0
9,0
14,0
0,2
0,6
1,1
1,6
1,6
1,6
0,8
1,4
1,6
0,8
0,8
ETA-07/0211
noncracked
concrete
3355/0530-4
(23.06.2000)
3268/1095-3
(21.02.1996)
noncracked
concrete
3253/0291-3
(10.01.2002)
noncracked
concrete
3038/8141-3
(10.01.2002)
noncracked
concrete
3566/3321
(21.06.2002)
3705/4711
(23.11.2001)
prestressed
hollow-core
concrete
slab
noncracked
concrete
2)
3)
4)
Angle of load 10
Angle of load 70
Angle of load 90
Standard anchorage depth
1)
Status 11/2009
365

6.10.1.3 For multiple xings of non-structural applications and suspende ceilings
Designation
Anchor type
Material
gvz A4
C
(1.4529)
FBS 5
FBS 6
FBS 8
FDN 6/35
FDN 6/65
0,4
0,4
0,2
0,5
0,8
0,25
0,25
0,2
0,3
0,8
902 070 000

(25.06.2002)
suspended
ceillings
Z-21.1-1731
(05.07.2002)
suspended
ceillings
FNA II 6 x 25
FNA II 6 x 25 M6
FNA II 6 x 25 M8
FNA II 6 x 25 OE
FNA II 6 x 30
FNA II 6 x 30 M6
FNA II 6 x 30 M8
0,61) 2)
0,41) 2)
0,61) 2)
0,41) 2)
0,91) 2)
0,41) 2)
0,71) 2)
0,61) 2)
0,31) 2)
0,61) 2)
0,31) 2)
0,91) 2)
0,31) 2)
0,61) 2)
0,61) 2)
0,31) 2)
0,61) 2)
0,21) 2)
0,71) 2)
0,31) 2)
0,61) 2)
0,51) 2)
0,31) 2)
0,51) 2)
0,21) 2)
0,51) 2)
0,31) 2)
0,51) 2)
PB III / B-06-267
(18.09.2006)
multiple
xings of
nonstructural
applications
EA II M6
EA II M8
EA II M8 x 40
EA II M10 x 30
EA II M10
EA II M12
EA II M6 A4
EA II M8 A4
EA II M8 x 40 A4
EA II M10 x 30 A4
EA II M10 A4
EA II M12 A4
0,203)
0,303)
0,303)
0,383)
0,573)
1,393)
0,203)
0,603)
0,603)
0,773)
0,963)
1,803)
0,183)
0,273)
0,273)
0,343)
0,503)
1,043)
0,183)
0,483)
0,483)
0,613)
0,773)
1,743)
0,143)
0,213)
0,213)
0,273)
0,383)
0,903)
0,143)
0,363)
0,363)
0,463)
0,613)
1,393)
0,103)
0,153)
0,153)
0,193)
0,313)
0,693)
0,103)
0,303)
0,303)
0,383)
0,543)
1,113)
ETA-07/0142
Test report
approval no. *

R 30/
R 60/
R 90/
R 120/
F 30
F 60
F 90
F 120
Certicate Application
FM
multiple
xings of
nonstructural
applica
tions
The loads apply to the load directions tension, transverse tension and oblique tension at any angle with edge distances of at least 100 mm.
For smaller edge distances, reduced loads have to be taken into consideration according to approval ETA-06/0175, ETA-06/0176 and ETA-06/0177 and test report
no. PB III / B-06-267
2)
Permissible loading per fixation point. One fixation point can consist of a single anchor, a group of two with s 50 mm or a group of four with s 50 mm.
3)
These loads apply to the load directions tension, transverse tension and oblique tension at any angle.
1)
6.10.1.4 Fixings in masonry

Designation
Anchor type
Material
gvz A4
C
(1.4529)

R 30/
R 60/
R 90/
R 120/
F 30
F 60
F 90
F 120
Test report
approval no. *
Application
FIS V M8
FIS V M10
FIS V M12
1,91)
4,01)
5,01)
0,81)
1,81)
2,71)
0,51)
1,01)
1,51)
0,41)
0,71)
1,01)
3355/0530-5
(21.05.2001)
Masonry
Upat UPM 44 Injection mortar
UPM 44 M8
UPM 44 M10
UPM 44 M12
1,91)
4,01)
5,01)
0,81)
1,81)
2,71)
0,51)
1,01)
1,51)
0,41)
0,71)
1,01)
3354/0520-5
(21.05.2001)
Masonry
* Detailed information about test reports and approvals please refer to: www.scher.de/xing systems/products/product online catalogue ...
1)
Values valid for KS 12, Mz 12, Hlz 12, KSL 12
366
Status 11/2009

6.10.1.5 Fixings for claddings
Designation
Anchor type
Material
gvz A4
C
(1.4529)
scher Universal frame xing FUR
FUR 8
FUR 10
scher Frame xing SXS
SXS 10
scher Frame xing S-R
S8R
S 10 R
S 12 R
S 14 R
S 10 H-R
S 14 H-R
SXR 10
scher Frame xing S-H-R
scher Frame xing SXR

R 30/
R 60/
R 90/
R 120/
F 30
F 60
F 90
F 120
Test report
approval no. *
Application
0,8
0,8
Z-21.2-1204
(10.04.2000)
Claddings
0,8
Z-21.2-1695
(23.03.2001)
Claddings
0,51)
0,81)
1,01)
1,21)
0,42)
0,62)
Z-21.2-9
(02.08.2000)
Claddings
Z-21.2-9
(02.08.2000)
Claddings
Z-21.2-1862
Claddings
Test report
approval no. *
Application
0.8
1)
Values valid for concrete: for other materials refer to approval certicate!
2)
Values valid for hollow calium silicate brick (KSL): for other materials refer to approval certicate!
6.10.1.6 Fire test according to ZTV-Tunnel

Designation
Anchor type
FHB II 8 x 60 C
FHB II 10 x 95 C
FHB II 12 x 120 C
FHB II 16 x 160 C
FHB II 20 x 210 C
1,0
1,7
2,8
5,0
7,2
PB III / B-06-139
cracked
and
non-cracked
concrete
scher Anchor bolt FAZ
FAZ 8 C
FAZ 10 C
FAZ 12 C
FAZ 16 C
FNA II 6 x 30 M6 A4 / C
FNA II 6 x 30 A4 / C
1,2
2,3
3,2
6,2
0,1
0,1
PB III/B-04-289
(04.08.2003)
cracked
and
non-cracked
concrete
PB III/B-07-114
multiple xings
of non-structural
applications
Material
gvz A4
C
(1.4529)
Status 11/2009
367

6.11. References
/1/ 25. VDS- Brandschutzseminar (Seminar
Fire protection), 24./25. 3. 1998 in
Cologne (in German)
/2/ Tunnelbrandversuch (Tunnel re test
2001), unpublished presentation,
scher group of companies (in German)
/3/ VdS Fachtagung Brandschutz aktuell (Seminar Fire Protection Actual),
21.10.97 in Cologne (in German)
/4/ ETA approval, scher hammerset anchor EA II, ETA-07/0142
/5/ Herzog, I.: DIBt, Informationen zur Einfhrung des europischen Klassizierungssystems fr den Brandschutz (im
nichtamtlichen Teil der Bauregelliste)
(Information on the introduction of
the European classication system for
the re protection (in non-ocial part
of the construction regulatory list)) (in
German)
/6/ Nause, P.: INK-Bau-Fachtagung 153

(IBK-Building-Seminar 153), 14./15.
10. 1992 (in German)
368
/7/ Bergmeister K., Rieder A.,: Behaviour

of post-installed anchors in case of re.
Connections between steel and concrete, Stuttgart, 12.09.2001
/8/ scher, Technical Handbook, 4. edition
2001
/9/ DIN 4102 Teil 4, Ausgabe 1994 (in
German)
/10/ Reick, M.: Brandverhalten von Befestigungen mit groem Randabstand in
Beton bei zentrischer Zugbeanspruchung (Fire behaviour of fastenings with
large edge distance in concrete under
tensionload), Mitteilungen des Instituts
fr Werkstoe im Bauwesen der Universitt Stuttgart, 2001/4 (in German)
/11/ Euronorm EN 10088-3d
/12/ Sgodzai, H. (2003) Schreiben vom
07.02.2003 an den Fachverband Baustoe und Bauteile fr vorgehngte, hinterlftete Fassaden e. V.
Status 11/2009
Corrosion
7.1
Basic principles ....................................................................370
7.2
Types of corrosion ...............................................................370
7.3
Corrosion protection ..........................................................371
Status 11/2009
369
Corrosion
7.1
Basic principles
a constant rate. The rate of corrosion can be

estimated over a certain duration of time and
therefore can be considered in the overall life
expectancy of the material. The best kown
example of this type of corrosion is zinc and
air.
With the exception of noble metals such as

gold, silver and platinium, all metal materials
subjected to various atmospheric conditions
react with oxygen. As a result of this reaction
two phenomena occur.
1. The products of this reaction form an initial oxydized layer on the surface preventing
further corrosion. Thus forming a passivated
layer protecting the material from further
negative inuencees. Due to this mechanism
metals with a less noble characteristic are very
quickly oxydized through contact with the air
and therefore have a very good long term
durability. Typical examples are aluminium,
chromium and titanium.
II. Load corrosion - pitting and crevice corrosion
2. The products of this reaction are porous

and do not form a protective layer against
oxygen, water or carbon dioxide. This results
in a continuing corrosion process which leads
to complete break down of the material. An
example of this mechanism is rust due to corrosion of iron in the air.
III. Bimetallic corrosion
Pitting occurs when the surface passivation (e.

g. aluminium or stainless steel) is damaged. In
the region of the initial attack very aggressive
zones are formed from which further damage
of the material occurs. Also as in the above
example when cracks or deposits are found
localized electrolytes lead to very extreme
corrosion.
Bimetallic corrosion may occur when the

dissimilar metals (Table 7.1) are in electrical
contact in a common electrolyte (e. g. rain,
condensation etc.). If a current ows between
the two, the less noble metal (the anode) corrodes at a faster rate than would have occured
if the metals were not in contact.
Metals referring to 1. do not require additional

corrosion protection. Carbon steels as described in 2. require additional protection against
atmospheric attack in order to sustain their
long term performance.
7.2
Alternativelly nobler metals can be protected

from corrosion by connecting them electrically conductive to a less noble metal (typical
examples are aluminium anodes for steel
parts).
Types of corrosion
I. Surface corrosion
IV. Stress corrosion cracking
The materials surface is continually in contact

with the corrosive medium and corrodes at
With stress corrosion cracking the agressive

medium is insucient for the products of
Table 7.1 Potential (in [V]) of various metals

Aluminium
Titanium
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Tin
Copper
Silver
Gold
1.66
0.95
0.76
0.74
0.41
0.14
+0.34
+0.80
+1.50
370
Status 11/2009
Corrosion
corrosion to occur. A simultaneous presence
of tensile stresses and specic environmental
factors are required for this process to occur.
The stresses can be due to external or internal
imposed loading. Stress corrosion cracking is
extremely dangerous as visible indication is
not possible and therefore can lead to a spontaneous failure. A common form of this type of
corrosion is where austenitic stainless steel is
found in chlorine contaminated atmospheres
such as indoor swimming pools.
7.3
Corrosion protection
Two basic measures are available for the protection of materials which may be subjected
to corrosion.
1. With suitable surface treatments of the
material an attack of the corrosive medium is
prevented. Examples of corrosion protections
of steel are coatings and zinc plating or hotdip galvanising. These methods are examples
of economical protective coatings. The long
term protection can only be achieved so long
as no surface damage occurs.
2. Choosing materials that prevent the onset
of corrosion is more eective than additional
protective coatings. A popular measure is to
add chromium or molybdenium. These additional materials insure long term performance
even in severe conditions.
Subject to the installation environment steel
anchors may be protected from corrosion by
various means. scher uses two standard
protective coatings and further corrosion
prohibitive materials which are sucient for
dierent applications. Should other national
regulations exist in your country these must
be taken into consideration as well.
I. Zinc plating
Due to the atmospheric conditions zinc forms
a dense layer on the surface which provides
further protection. In the electro-potential
Status 11/2009
table (compare Table 7.1) zinc is found to

have a considerably higher negative potential
than iron i. e. zinc is the lesser noble of the two
materials. These two phenomena make zinc
an ideal corrosion protection partner for iron
(technical: steel). This dense coating prevents
the direct contact of the corrosive medium
on steel. The lesser noble character of zinc
oers a so-called cathodic protection with a
self healing eect. Sucient corrosion protection is achieved even with small areas of
damage of the coating.
a) Galvanised zinc plating
Galvanising is carried out by an electro-chemical process where a thin zinc layer is attached
to the steel component. By controlling certain
reaction parameters (e. g. pH-Value, temperature, concentration...) a denite characteristic
in particular the coating thickness is possible.
The type of passivation dictates the long term
stability of the total coating. The darker the
colour the better the protection.
scher products have a minimum zinc plating
5 m and yellow or blue passivation. This provides sucient protection for transportation
even in unfavourable conditions, also for long
term protection for internal applications.
b) Hot-dip galvanising
Electro-chemical galvanising produces thicknesses of maximum 15 to 20 m. For greater
thicknesses where higher corrosion protection is required, further processes should be
considered.
Generally to provide greater coating thickness
(up to 80 m, in certain cases more) the steel
componets are dipped into liquid zinc (melting point 420 C). Further treatments are not
required and therefore the product may be
used for the application. In certain cases due
to capilliary action, zinc is collected in areas
such as threads <10 mm which may inuence
the functioning of the anchor. For these situ-
371
Corrosion
ations mechanical zinc plating (e. g. sheradizing, Mc-Dermid-method) is used. Using this
process provides similar coating thickness and
thus similar protection as hot-dip galvanising.
Negative collection of zinc by using this process is avoided. Hot-dip galvanised products
can be used for external applications with
reduced corrosion requirements. This provides
an economical alternative to stainless steels.
b) Austenetic and ferritic steel

Another alternative material to the standard
A4 is the Duplex-steel 1.4362. Due to the
ferritic part in the material this A4 steel is
magnetic but with the same or better properties than the so far used steel types 1.4401
and 1.4571. The material is also integrated in
the approvals (by DIN EN 10 088).
All scher products with hot-dip galvanising

have a minimum coating thickness of 40 m.
The materials described above are not suitable for chlorine contaminated atmospheres
or o-store applications.
II. Corrosion resistant steels
c) Special alloying metals
a) Austenetic stainless steels

As long term corrosion-free material the
construction industry uses a stainless steel
grade 316 (A4) such as the material number
1.4401 or 1.4571 and 1.4404 (Table 7.2)
oering optimum corrosion protection for
general environmental conditons and also
industrial atmospheres.
Should austenetic standard stainless steels not

provide sucient corrosion protection, special
materials may be considered. Examples of
where the previously described A4 stainless
steels are unsuitable are chlorine contaminated atmospheres, trac tunnels, power stations or water works. For applications such
as these the scher Technical services
department can provide specic details for
special applications. Examples are solutions
for xings in indoor swimming pools (chlorine
contaminated atmosphere), using the following material numbers 1.4529 or 1.4565 or
titanium anchors for power stations.
scher standard products in stainless steel

are available in the material number 1.4401
(grade 316, classication
A4, DIN EN
10 088). Further stainless steels are available
on request, e. g. material number 1.4571 and
1.4404.
Table 7.2:
Alloying constituents of selected austenic stainless steels (all values in percentages)
Cr
Ni
Mo
Ti
1.4401 X5 Cr Ni Mo 17 12 2
16.5 18.5
10.5 13.5
2 2.5
1.4404 X2 Cr Ni Mo 17 13 2
16.5 18.5
11 14
2 2.5
1.4571 X6 Cr Ni Mo Ti 17 12 2
16.5 18.5
10.5 13.5
2 2.5
<0.8
1.4529 X1 Cr Ni Mo Cu N 25 206
19 20
24 26
67
0.1 0.25
1.4565 X2 Cr Ni Mo N 23 17 64
21 25
15 18
3 4.5
0.3 0.5
372
Status 11/2009
Service / Contact
International Technical Service (Support) ................................374
CC-COMPUFIX .................................................................................375
SaMontec .........................................................................................376
ACT .....................................................................................................377
Contact ..............................................................................................378
Status 11/2009
373
Service / Contact
International Technical Service (Support)
This Technical Manual gives you some insight
into xing engineering in general, and into the
special products by scherwerke in detail. The
Technical Data will show you the eciency
of the products when selected properly and
when used under the dened parameters and
ambient conditions.
Besides their COMPUFIX design software,
scherwerke also oer you their world-wide
application service. Our engineers will be pleased to help you to solve your special application problems. If you need support just
contact our local scher representation. In
case of a special application problem please
contact the International Technical Service in
Germany.
We also oer training seminars which, suited
to your individual needs and requirements, are
designed to back your condence in scher
products.
Contact us:
scherwerke
GmbH & Co.KG
Tel.: +49 74 43 12-41 99
Fax : +49 74 43 12-89 89
e-mail: intsupport@scher.de
scher (Taicang)
xings Co. Ltd.
Shanghai Rep. Oce
Tel.: +86 21 51 00 16 68
Fax: +86 21 65 97 96 69
e-mail: cnsh@scher.com.cn
scher systems
Asia Pte.Ltd.
Tel.: +65 62 85 22 07
Fax: +65 62 85 83 10
e-mail: Kelvin.Bek@scher.sg
scher Korea Co. Ltd.
Tel.: +82 24 67 00 06
Fax: +82 27 96 46 92
e-mail: schertech@korea.com
374
Status 11/2009
Service / Contact
CC-COMPUFIX
Design Software for anchors
For design of steel and nylon anchors
based on the CC-Method according to
the scher Technical Handbook and
European Technical Approvals
Allows the design of the xture (steel

plate) for dierent steel types considering
various types of proles
Gives information on installation details
and makes the full text of European Technical Approvals available
Generates a detailed printout including
a scaled drawing of anchors and steel
plate
For predominantly static and dynamic

loads (pulsating and alternating)
Takes into account torsion moments on
anchor groups close to an edge
Considers single anchors and groups of
two to six anchors
Oers the most up-to-date version

through LifeUpdate
Allows the design of asymmetrical connections
System requirements:
Permits bending of the anchors
IBM compatible PC, recommended: Pentium processor
Covers design of zinc plated and passivated steel, stainless steel A4 (grade 316)
and highly corrosion-resistant steel (material no 1.4529)
RAM: 32 MB
Graphics board: True colour (24 bit)
Minimum screen size: 800 x 600 pixel
CD-Rom drive
Operating
system: Windows 98/2000,
Op
XP,
XP Windows NT 4.0 (SP6), Internet
Explorer
4
Ex
C:J
I
GC: :
>CKI:":JE96I
)$&
H7?B<?N
A>
H>K:
>C@AJGB6M
I=:
97 :
Y ` "
8V
Y b "
8 U h _ &+ $(
6Ub
TDIFS 4PG UXBSF

%FTJHO
:46:49
09 11
23.04.20
.indd
overcard
Status 11/2009
375
Service / Contact
Installationsystems
scher Installation Grid System
Flexible installation choices for
positioning machinery and equipment
Pipe support system for the installation and mounting of pipes in commercial, industrial and residential buildings
By using the scher SaMontec Grid,

a separate installation level can be
constructed above the work space
Fast installation, low assembly costs
Highly exible choices and options for
changing machine layout
Channels
User friedly media

New viewing facility to aid optical
designs
Designed to support future alternations
to the existing grid systm
Installationgrid
Design, planning and creation is

supported by qualied engineers from
the technical sales support departement
Pipe clamps
scher SaMontec 3.0 design

gn software
Calculations for the complete
ete
installation of pipe work systemes
stemes
Accurate dimension calculations
ations
for dierent applications
Technical installation
dimensions for the scher
SaMontec system (pipe
clips, bars etc.)
All the entered data is
processed using the actual
values
376
Continuous
C
backround
ccalculations are permanently
carried out to ensure overall
accuracy
An individual project
directory available
Live internet access
facility to update current
programmes
Multi-language facility to
calculate in one language
and print in another
Status 11/2009
Service / Contact
A C T
Advanced Curtain wall Technique
scher ACT system
the key to new faade aesthetics
With its ACT System (Advanced Curtain wall
Technique), scher oers architects and speciers an innovative, high-quality, all-inclusive
system for xing ventilated claddings of natural stone, cast stone, ceramic, ne stoneware,
HPL, bre cement as soon as point-xed
glass facades.
Apart from
technical
and nancial
advantages,
the ACT
System also
provides a
particularly
extensive
scope for
architectural
design. For
example, ACT
allows the use
of facade natural stone panels from 20 mm
in thickness, free positioning of the anchor
anywhere on the back face of the panel
and easy replacement of all or individual
panels. Even reveal panels can be attached
with ease and in many dierent ways. ACTs
aesthetic highlight is its undercut technology
Status 11/2009
combined with the FZP scher zykon panel,

which ensures that there are no visible xing
elements at the joint. Small xing point diameter without penetration of cladding.
Complete service
from a single source
The ACT System is
not restricted
to innovative
xing products this is
only the start.
Fixing specialists at the ACT
Competence
Centres oer architects, speciers and craftsmen comprehensive support, from the planning stage and static calculations through
to on-time delivery to the site. Their service
also includes provision of design software
and instruction for users, as well as advice
in selecting the appropriate scher drilling
machines.
ACT Service:
scherwerke Artur Fischer GmbH & Co. KG
Werk Salzstetten Wolfcker 1
D-72178 Waldachtal Germany
Tel.: +49 74 43 12-45 53
Fax: +49 74 43 12-49 07
act@scher.de www.scher.de
377
Service / Contact
scherwerke
GmbH & Co. KG
D 72178 Waldachtal
Tel.: +49 74 43 12 0
Fax: +49 74 43 12 42 22
www.scher.de
ALGERIA
Haddad Equipment Professionnel

D6, Cit du Lyce
16012 Rouiba
Tel.: +213 21 85 49 05
Fax: +213 21 85 57 72
E-mail: heprouiba@hotmail.com
ARMENIA
CJSG "EEIG"
Dawit Anhaght 10
375045 Yerevan
Tel.: +374 10 28 91 60
Fax: +374 10 28 94 50
E-mail: oce@eeig.am
eeig@eeig.am
AZERBAIJAN
CITCO L.L.C
Saibal Street 38/26
Baku
Tel.: +994 1 24 48 38 26
E-mail: oce@citco.baku.az
BAHAMAS
Micheal Herzog
P.O.BOX CB -12383
Nassau / BS
Tel.: +1242 3 25 05 07
Fax: +1242 3 23 48 92
378
BANGLADESH
Abedin Equipment Ltd.

B 52, Kemal Ataturk Avenue
Banani, Dhaka - 1213
Tel.: +880 28 81 87 18 19
Fax: +880 29 86 23 40
E-mail: info@abedinequipment.com
ms.islam@abedinequipment.com
BARBADOS
D.B.W. INCORPORATED
ST. MICHAEL / WEST INDIES
Tel.: +1246 4 38 76 51
Fax: +1246 4 38 76 54
BELARUS
Baumen
ul. Karla Marksa 18
220050 Minsk
Tel.: +375 1 72 11 40 05
E-mail: astron@baumen.by
BOLIVIA
WAKO IMPORTAC.Y REPR

AV.CA#OTO/MEXICO NRO.464
Santa Cruz
Tel.: +591 3 34 33 91 or 3 32 19 66
E-mail: wako@wako.scz.com
BOTSWANA
Cosmic
Plot 20733
Pharathe Crescent
Gaborone
Tel.: +267 3 95 33 27
E-mail: cosmic@botsnet.bw
Status 11/2009
Service / Contact
CANADA
CUBA
Wm. P. Somerville (1996) Ltd.

Fasteners For Construction
3964 Kitchener Street
Burnaby, BC V5C 3M2
Tel.: +1 60 42 98 36 22
+1 60 42 98 59 26
E-mail: wmp1996@telus.net
CI. NEGINTER del Caribe LTDA

Mirarmar Trade Center, Edicio Santa Clara Ocina 133,
Calle 3ra entre 76 y 78
Ciudad de La Habana
Tel.: +53 72 04 41 45
E-mail: juancarlos@neginter.cu
CANADA
Canadian Fasteners Hegedus Ltd.

1180 De Louvain Ouest
Montral, Quebec H4N 1G5
Tel.: +1 51 43 81 34 31
+1 51 43 81 99 87
E-mail: rbyford@ancragescanadiens.com
CHILE
AMERICAN SCREW DE CH
CNO.A MELIPILLA 10338-C.1844
Santiago
Tel.: +56 24 40 70 03
E-mail: mauricio.penaloza@amscrew.cl
COLOMBIA
INGENIERIA Y REPRESENTACIONES S.A.

Calle 41 Norte No. 1N-03
Cali
Tel.: +57 23 19 40 20
Fax: +57 24 48 25 21
E-mail: gcomercial@inresa-col.com
COSTA RICA
DISTRIBUIDORA ARSA
A.GUADALUPE 400MT.ES-475MT.SUR
San Jose
Tel.: +506 2 85 42 24
E-mail: lartavia@disarsa.com
Status 11/2009
CYPRUS
UNICOL CHEMICALS LTD

10.P.Demetrakopoulos Street
P.O. Box 25606
1090 Nicosia
Tel.: +357-22 66 33 16 or +357-22 66 70 73
Fax: +357-22 66 70 59
E-mail: ioannis@unicolltd.com
info@unicolltd.com
EGYPT
Modern Machines & Materials Co.

23 El Madina El Monawara St.
Mohandseen
Cairo
Tel.: +20 2 33 35 47 71
Fax: +20 2 37 61 23 87
E-mail: mmm.egypt@hotmail.com
enayatazab@hotmail.com
ESTONIA
Delamre O
Krre 21
10319 Tallinn
Tel.: +372 5 65 54 84
E-mail: roman@delmare.ee
ESTONIA
AS Espak
Viadukti 42
11313 Tallinn
Tel.: +372 6 51 23 01
Fax: +372 6 55 82 26
E-mail: lauri.noogen@espak.ee
379
Service / Contact
ESTONIA
GUATEMALA
Hekamerk O
Kadaka tee 185
12618 Tallinn
Tel.: +372 6 77 63 04
Fax: +372 6 77 63 01
E-mail: erkki@hekamerk.ee
FIJACIONES S.A.
8A CALLE 6-62 - ZONA 4
Tel.: +502 23 60 74 06
E-mail: gustavo.herrera@edisa.com.gt
ESTONIA
Industek AS
Indutrade Company
Kadaka tee 131
12915 Tallinn
Tel.: +372 6 66 28 00
Fax: +372 6 14 02 61
E-mail: mati.martson@industek.ee
ETHIOPIA
SUTCO Pvt.Ltd.Co.
Subcity Kirkos
K.04 Hno. New
Addis Ababa
Tel.: +251 1 15 51 27 58
Fax: +251 1 15 51 50 82
E-mail: sutco@ethinoet.et
Precursora Comercial S. DE R.L.

Edicio del Consulado de Austria
Apartado 372
Residencial el Pedregal
San Pedro Sula
Tel.: +504 5 59 73 84
E-mail: precursora1@amnethn.com
ICELAND
Byko Ltd.
Breiddin
200 Kopavogur
Tel.: +354 5 15 40 00
Fax: +354 5 15 41 49
E-mail: addi@byko.is
sigurjon@byko.is (SaMontec)
INDIA
PINO ARISTATA S.A.

Luis Urdaneta N 1909 y Carachi
Apartado Postal N 09-04-500
Guayaquil
Tel.: +593 22 88 00
E-mail: principal@pinoaristata.com
BOSCH India Ltd.

RMB Complex, Power Tools
Hosur Road, Adugodi,
Bangalore - 560030
Tel.: +91 80 22 99 20 99
+91 98 45 19 73 13 mobile
Fax: +91 80 22 21 37 06
E-mail: mohan.das@in.bosch.com
GEORGIA
IRAN
IDEA Company
Chavchavadze ave. 50
0179 Tiblissi
Tel.: +995 32 91 47 27
E-mail: gochitashvili@idea.ge
Abzarsara Co.
Bosch Power Tools Exclusive Distr.
148 Sanai St.
15866 Teheran
Tel.: +98 21 8 88 13 12 07
Fac: +98 21 88 30 14 86
E-mail: golzari@abzarsara.com
ECUADOR
HONDURAS
380
Status 11/2009
Service / Contact
IRELAND
KAZAKHSTAN
Masonry Fixings Services Ltd.

Unit 83
Cherry Orchard Industrial Estate
Dublin 10
Tel.: +353 16 42 67 00
Fax: +353 16 26 34 93
E-mail: info@masonryxings.ie
Zentr. Krepyoshnych Materialov (ZKM)

Satpaeva 90, 4 et, 24
KZ - 480046 Almaty
Tel.: +77 2 72 77 77 47
Fax: +77 2 72 77 77 57
E-mail: ckm_ck@mail.ru
IRELAND
Chadwicks Ltd. (SaMontec)

Chadwicks Building Materials
Walkinstown
Dublin 12
Tel.: +353 14 19 75 00
Fax: +353 1 46 50 10 75
E-mail: nbarr.bennett@chadwicks.ie
ISRAEL
Ledico Ltd.
31 Lazarov St.
Rishon Le Ziyon
Tel.: +972 39 63 00 00
Fax: +972 39 63 00 55
E-mail: aviram@ledico.com
JORDAN
Izzat Marji & Sons Co.

Amer Bin Malek St - Um Sumaq
11822 Amman
Tel.: +962 655 202 84
Fax: +962 655 20294
E-mail: fadi.marji@wanadoo.jo
JORDAN
Bana Trading Co.

P.O. Box 88
Amman - 11822 Jordan
Tel.: +962 655 222 67
Fax: +962 655 191 21
E-mail: husam.juma@wanadoo.jo
Status 11/2009
KAZAKHSTAN
TOO Allianz Euro Group

M. Ghalilja Str. 24; Wohn. 1
KZ - 100022 Karaganda
Tel.: +77 2 12 43 36 72
Fax: +77 2 12 43 36 72
E-mail: market_holder@mail.ru
KAZAKHSTAN
Lamed Ltd
Housainova 179
KZ - 480060 Almaty
Tel.: +77 2 72 49 26 00 or 93 28 00
Fax: +77 2 72 49 65 60
E-mail: lamed.kz@inbox.ru
KENYA
Construction Support
Vinodeep Towers
Baricho Rd
Nairobi
Tel.: +254 20 55 20 22
LATVIA
Sia Indutek LV
Biekensalas 6
1004 Riga
Tel.: +371 7 80 49 49
Fax: +371 7 80 49 48
E-mail: jansons.vilnis@indutek.lv
381
Service / Contact
LATVIA
MALTA
SIA Multikss
Slokasiela 52
1007 Riga
Tel.: +371 29 21 23 85
E-mail: andris@multikss.lv
NVC Trading
3 / 9 Dr. Nikola Zammit Street
QRM 15
Siggiewi
Tel.: +356 21 46 53 84
Fax: +356 21 46 23 37
E-mail: nicholas@nvctrading.com
LATVIA
Nordfast OOO
Kruzes street 2a
LV-1046 Riga
Tel.: +371 7 60 97 67
+371 26 10 95 10 mobile
Fax: +371 7 60 97 69
E-mail: gorgis.martins@nf.lv
LEBANON
MAROCCO
Outipro
53, Rue du Lieutenant Mohamed Mahroud
Casablanca
Tel.: +212 22 24 77 21
Fax: +212 22 40 82 34
E-mail: miri.mounir@outipro.ma
Team-Pro S.A.L.
Dora; Dora Trade Center
Beirut
Tel.: +961 1 24 90 88
Fax: +961 1 24 90 98
E-mail: teampro@terra.net.lb
MOZAMBIQUE
LITHUANIA
NAMIBIA
UAB Augrika
savanoriu ave. 173
2028 Vilnius
Tel.: +370 52 64 06 00
Fax: +370 52 68 57 49
E-mail: Tomast@augrika.lt
Werner Behnsen
6 Kallie Roodt Str
Northern Industrial Area
Windhoek
Tel.: +264 61 23 42 34
E-mail: wtb@iafrica.com.na
MALDIVES
PARAGUAY
M/S Sonee Hardware

Sonee Building
#7 Ibrahim Hassan Didi Magu
20188 Mal
Tel.: +960 3 33 66 99
Fax: +960 3 32 03 04
E-mail: suhas@sonee.com.mv
FERRETERIA AMERICANA
MCAL.ESTIGARRIBIA 111
Asuncion
Tel.: +595 21 49 20 21
E-mail: jcsosa@nuevaamericana.com.py
382
Nova Vida
Av Mao Tse Tung 908
Maputo
Tel.: +258 21 45 97 80
E-mail: werner@novavida.co.mz
Status 11/2009
Service / Contact
PERU
SUDAN
HAME
Av. Tomas Guido 239 Ocina 301 Lince
Lima
Tel.: +51 4 71 60 67
Fax: +51 4 71 60 67
E-mail: hame@speedy.com.pe
Dr. Nabil Electronics & Advanced Technology

Plot No. 14, Block No. 15
West Industries, New Industrial Area
Khartoum
Tel.: +249 1 83 46 95 83
+249 9 22 30 00 33 mobile
Fax: +249 1 83 46 21 68
E-mail: Rida.Rafael@DrNabilGroup.com
ROMANIA
SC Prox SRL
Calea Baciului Nr. 179
Cluj Napoca
Tel.: +40 7 22 31 94 22
Fax: +40 2 64 40 30 60
E-mail: oce@prox.com.ro
SAUDI ARABIA
Juali Technical Equipment Company

P. O. Box 1049
21431 Jeddah
Tel.: +966 26 67 22 22 ext. 15 28
Fax: +966 26 67 63 08
E-mail: roland@eajb.com.sa
SOUTH AFRICA
Upat S.A. (Pty.) Ltd.

P.O.Box 53059
2139 Troyeville
Tel.: +27 1 16 24 67 00
Fax: +27 1 14 02 68 07
E-mail: ideas@upat.co.za
SRI LANKA
Diesel & Motor Engineering Co. Ltd

65, Jetawana Road
P.O. Box 339
Colombo 14
Tel.: +94 41 61 36 28
Fax: +94 41 44 90 80
E-mail: ranil.seneviratne@dimolanka.com
Status 11/2009
SWITZERLAND
SFS unimarket AG
Befestigungstechnik
Nefenstrasse 30
CH-9435 Heerbrugg
Tel.: +41 7 17 27 52 00
Fax: +41 7 17 27 52 19
E-mail: befestigungstechnik@sfsunimarket.biz
SWITZERLAND
SFS unimarket AG
Befestigungstechnik
Werkstrasse 4
CH-6020 Emmenbrcke
Tel.: +41 4 12 09 65 00
Fax: +41 4 12 09 65 65
E-mail: ferronorm@sfsunimarket.biz
SWITZERLAND
SFS unimarket AG
Befestigungstechnik
Blegi 14
CH-6343 Rotkreuz
Tel.: +41 4 17 98 25 25
Fax: +41 4 17 98 25 55
E-mail: befestigungstechnik@sfsunimarket.biz
383
Service / Contact
SWITZERLAND
TUNISIA
SFS unimarket SA
Technique de xation
Rte de Grandcour
CH-1530 Payerne
Tel.: +41 2 66 62 36 36
Fax: +41 2 66 62 36 16
E-mail: techniquedexation@sfsunimarket.biz
TEG Tunisienne quipement General

43, Av Hdi Chaker
1002 Tunis
Tel.: +216 71 8 0 02 97
+216 71 79 55 31
Fax: +216 71 79 27 39
E-mail: habibsahnoun@tegnegoce.com
SYRIA
TURKEY
Dallal Est.
P.O.Box 8303
Baron Street.
Aleppo-Syria
Tel.: +963 9 33 88 77 22
E-mail: rdallal@cyberia.net.lb
Bosch Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S

Maslak Polaris Plaza
Ahi Evran Cad. No.1
Kat : 22
34398 Maslak-Istanbul
Tel.: +90 21 23 35 06 90
Fax: +90 21 23 46 00 48
E-mail: mustafa.coskun@tr.bosch.com
TAIWAN
SPEED UNITED CORP.

Room 603, 6F-9, No. 3, Wu Chuan 1 Rd.
Wu-Ku Industrial Park
Hsien Chuang City
Taipei Hsien
Tel.: +886 22 90 02 60
+886 22 98 44 99
Fax: +886 9 10 30 31 20
E-mail: jay@speedco.net
TAIWAN
Yih Sui Metals & Tools Corp.

1st Fl., No. 17, Ln 143
Chengte Rd., Sec. 3
Taipei
Tel.: +886 25 92 25 76
Fax: +886 25 95 46 75
E-mail: yihsui@ms37.hinet.net
384
UKRAINE
Elementary Mechanics
Kurenevskaya str. 18
UA - 04073 Kiev
Tel.: +380 5 03 58 99 03
Fax: +380 5 03 58 99 03
E-mail: elmechanics@ukr.net
UKRAINE
TOW "SMK" Ukraina

Bulvar Lepse 16
04053 Kiev
Tel.: +380 4 87 73 16 16
E-mail: cmk-ua@mail.ru
UKRAINE
TOW "Standart"
Plehanivska str. 112
61001 Harkiv
Tel.: +380 5 03 00 44 03
E-mail: ooo_standort@mail.ru
Status 11/2009
Service / Contact
URUGUAY
UZBEKISTAN
PAMPIN Y CIA
Valparaiso 1199
Montevideo
Tel.: +598 29 24 06 08
E-mail: apampin@pampin.com.uy
Yuman Group Ltd.

Oybek Str. 24
700015 Tashkent
Tel.: +998 7 13 61 46 02
Fax: +998 7 13 61 46 10
E-mail: a.yulchiev@yumangroup.com
salavat.sharipov@yumangroup.com
salavatsh@inbox.ru
URUGUAY
JUAN GOLDFARB S.A.

Rio Negro 1617
Montevideo
Tel.: +598 29 02 26 06
E-mail: importaciones@goldfarb.com.uy
URUGUAY
RECORD TOOLS S.A.

Paysandu 951
Montevideo
Tel.: +598 29 02 74 92
E-mail: rectools@netgate.com.uy
UZBEKISTAN
Vanguard Building Technology Corp.

53 A Chilanzarskaya str.
700015 Tashkent
Tel.: +998 7 11 73 61 01 or 1 73 61 02
Fax: +998 7 11 73 62 02
E-mail: vbtcorp@sarkor.uz
USA
JACK MOORE ASSOC., INC.

250, BARBER AVE.
WORCESTER MA 01606-2435
Tel.: +1 50 88 53 39 91
Fax: +1 50 87 93 98 64
E-mail: jmasales@quik-set.com
USA
scher America Inc.

1084 Doris Road
48326 Auburn Hills, Michigan
Tel.: +1 24 82 76 19 40
Fax: +1 24 82 76 19 41
E-mail: ssoule@scherus.com
Status 11/2009
385
Notes
386
Status 11/2009
Design of anchors in accordance with the

CC-Method
Introduction ..........................................................................388
Scope of application ...........................................................388
Basic principles ....................................................................389
Partial safety factors ..........................................................390
Tension load..........................................................................390
Shear load .............................................................................394
Combined tension and shear load ...................................398
Additional requirements to substantiate the

concrete components capacitiy .....................................399
References ............................................................................400
Status 11/2009
387
Design of anchors in accordance with the CC-Method
Rather than individual parameters inuencing

the anchors performance, a combination of
these factors is decisive. This shall be emphasized in the following example. With anchors
installed with large axial spacings in high
strength concrete subjected to tensile loads,
normally steel failure occurs. Should the axial
spacing be reduced, in the rst instance no
noticeable eect occurs and the axial spacing
has no eect on the load bearing capacity.
However, when the axial spacing of adjacent
Figure 1a:
Fixings with substantial distance from the edge (all edge spacings
10 hef), that are covered by the CC-method
a)
b)
c)
Steel plate
Anchor
d)
388
In order to gain optimum performance of the

anchors and at the same time an economical
design, it is necessary to distinguish between
the load direction and mode of failure. The
CC-Method (Concrete Capacity-Method) introduced in the following is based on a proposal
in /1, 2/. It is described in detail in /3, 4/
and has been published in /5, 6/. Further discussion has taken place in a task group of the
CEB (Comit Euro-International du Bton) and
has been published in a Bulletin dInformation
/7/. The current discussions suggest that this
design concept will be internationally recognized und used. For this reason it is introduced
into the scher Technical Handbook.
2. Scope of application
The CC-method is recommended in the
scher Technical Handbook for all undercut,
torque-controlled steel expansion and resin
bonded anchors. It can be used for single
anchors, pairs and groups with 3, 4 or 6
anchors (xings with a substantial distance
from the edge) as well as for single anchors,
Figure 1b:
Fixings close to the edge ( edge spacing > 10 hef), that are covered
by the CC-method
c 2 < 10 hef
c1
< 10 h ef
The load bearing capacity of xings is inuenced by numerous parameters. The most
important of these is the concrete strength,
the spacing to adjacent anchors and to
free structural component edges and also
the condition of the anchor substrate (noncracked or cracked). Depending upon the
direction of the acting load (tension load,
shear load, combined tension and shear load),
the eect of these can vary greatly. So, for
example, the load capacity of anchors with
no edge inuence under axial tension load
may be reduced to a greater extent due to
cracks than with anchors subjected to shear
loading. On the other hand a free edge
has a greater eect on the capacity under
shear load than under axial tension load.
anchors becomes so small that the concrete

failure load due to the intersecting of the breakout cones regardless of the high strength concrete is less than the steel failure load, concrete
failure occurs due to the reduction of spacing.
c 1 < 10 h ef
1. Introduction
e)
Status 11/2009

pairs and groups of 4 anchors (xings close
to an edge). When at least one anchor has
an edge spacing of less than 10 times the
anchorage depth hef a close edge spacing
exists (compare gures 1a and 1b).
the load. For combined loading (tensile and

shear load) the design according to equation
(1) should be observed for both load directions (tensile and shear) and additionally, an
interaction equation must be used (equation
(11), (11a) or (11b)).
3. Basic principles
The design resistances of the capacity are calculated for axial tension (NRd) and for shear
load (VRd) for all modes of failure. They can
be calculated according to equation (3) from
the characteristic load bearing capacity (5%fractile) divided by the partial safety factors for
the material properties (Ms, Mc).
The design for the limit state of resistance

(load bearing capacity) can be done according
to the following equation:
Sd Rd
(1)
Where Sd is the value for the design action

and Rd is the value of the design resistance.
The load bearing capacity of the xing is sufcient if the design action is equal or lower
than the design resistance.
The design actions and the design resistance
can be calculated in accordance with equations (2) and (3).
Sd = F S
Rd = Rk / M
(2)
(3)
Where:
S
= Action (axial tension or shear)
Rk
= Characteristic load bearing capacity (5%-fractile) (e.g. characteristic
tensile capacity NRk or characteristic shear capacity VRk)
F
= Partial safety factor for the load
= Partial safety factor for the material
M
properties
With axial tension, Sd is the design action
NSd of the tensile load and with shear it is
the design action VSd of the shear load. The
design action of the tensile load (NSd) and
shear load (VSd) respectively can be calculated according to equation (2) by multiplying
the acting tensile load (N) and shear load (V)
respectively by the partial safety factor F for
Status 11/2009
The characteristic load bearing capacities

(5%-fractiles) are either given in the tables of
Annex B or they can be calculated using the
equations in the sections 5 and 6. The following characteristic load bearing capacities
must be observed:
Axial tension:
- Characteristic load bearing
steel failure
concrete failure
splitting
pull-out / pull-through
capacity at
NRk,s
capacity at
NRk,c
capacity at
NRk,sp
capacity at
NRk,p
Shear load:
- Characteristic load bearing capacity at
steel failure
VRk,s
concrete edge failure
VRk,c
pryout failure
VRk,cp
The proof of the local transmission of the anchor
loads to the concrete is delivered by equation
(1). The further transmission of the anchor
loads to the supports of the concrete element
must be proved additionally. Additional proof to
ensure the safety of the concrete member may
be necessary (compare section 8).
389

The tensile forces in the anchors shall be
calculated from the tensile and compressive
forces and the bending moments acting
on the anchor plate in accordance with
the theory of elasticity under the following
assumptions:
The steel plate has a sucient stiness
and is xed to the concrete or to a levelling
layer of mortar on its entire area.
All anchors have equal stiness. It should
be taken as the steel stiness.
The ratio of the moduli of elasticity of steel
and concrete is 7.
The shear forces in the anchors are calculated
under the assumption that all anchors contribute to the transmission of the shear loading
(exceptions compare sections 6).
The partial safety factors for the material properties depend upon the mode of failure. They
are given in the tables of Annex B.
5. Tension load
a) Steel failure
The characteristic load bearing capacity NRk,s
for steel failure is given in the tables of Annex
B. Should, within a group, the tensile load
act in an eccentric manner, the proof should
be provided for the anchor subjected to the
maximum load.
b) Concrete cone failure
The characteristic load bearing capacity NRk,c
for concrete cone failure is calculated in accordance with equation (5):
Where:
N0Rk,c = 7.2 fcc,150 hef1.5/1000 [kN]
4. Partial safety factors
(fcc,150 [N/mm2], hef [mm]) (5a)
In the latest standards for the design of

reinforced concrete elements, partial safety
factors are used instead of global factors /8/,
/9/. This method will be used for the design
of steel anchors. It allows for special considerations such as installation safety.
In absence of national regulations the following partial safety factors F for the load are
recommended:
F = 1.35 (dead load)
F = 1.50 (variable load)
A c,N
= surface area of idealised concrete

failure body for single anchors with
large axial and edge spacings subjected to axial tension (see gure
2)
Ac,N
= existing surface area of idealised

concrete failure body for single
anchors or groups (see gure 3)
(4a)
(4b)
A
N Rk ,c = N oRk ,c
390
A c,N
A oc,N
s,N ec1,N ec2,N re,N ucr,N
[kN]
(5)
Status 11/2009

s,N
= reduction factor to consider the

disturbance of radially symmetric
stress distribution due to one or
more edges
= 0.7 + 0.3 c/ccr,N
(5b)
1
c
ccr,N
= existing edge spacing; with inuence from more than one edge,
therefore, the smallest edge spacing must be used
= characteristic edge spacing (compare tables of Annex B)
eci,N = reduction factor to consider the

eccentricity of the resulting anchor
forces in relation to the anchors
centre of gravity
1
1
=
1 + 2 ei,N / scr,N
(5c)
(i=1,2)
ei,N
= eccentricity of the resulting anchor

forces in direction i, in relation
to the anchors centre of gravity
(i = 1,2) (see gure 4)
scr,N
= characteristic axial spacing (compare tables of Annex B)
re,N
= reduction factor taking into account

a negative inuence of dense reinforcement
h ef [mm]
1
= 0.5 +
200
(5d)
applications in concrete with
dense reinforcement
= 1.0
applications in non-reinforced
and normally reinforced concrete
ucr,N = factor for taking into account the

condition of the anchor substrate
(cracked or non-cracked concrete)
= 1.0
applications in cracked concrete
1.4
applications in non-cracked concrete (compare tables of Annex B)
Normally reinforced concrete is considered if the spacing s of the reinforcement is
s 150 mm independent of the diameter of
the reinforcement bar or s 100 mm for bar
diameters 10 mm.
Figure 2:
Idealised concrete cone surface area A0c,N for a single anchor with large axial and edge spacings subjected to a tension load
s cr,N
s cr,N
s cr,N
A 0c,N = s cr,N s cr,N
Status 11/2009
391

Figure 3:
Examples of existing surface areas of the idealised concrete failure cone for various positions of anchors under tensile load
N
.
c 1 0.5 s cr,N
s cr,N
Ac,N = (c1 + 0.5 s cr,N ) s cr,N

c1 ccr,N
a) Single anchor close to an edge

N
0.5. s cr,N
s cr,N
s1
0.5. s cr,N
Ac,N = (0.5 scr,N + s1 + 0,5 s cr,N ) s cr,N

s 1 s cr,N
b) Pair of anchors with large edge distances
0.5. s cr,N
c1
s1
0.5. s cr,N
s2
c2
c) Group of four anchors in a corner
Ac,N = (c1 + s1 + 0,5 s cr,N ) (c 2 + s2 + 0,5 s cr,N )

s 1 ; s 2 s cr,N und c1 ; c2 ccr,N
Equation (5) is to be used only for the anchors

within a group that are subjected to tensile
forces. If the tensile loaded anchors do not
show a rectangular pattern (e.g. with groups
under bi-axial bending) the group can be
resolved into a group with rectangular pattern
and the design value NRk,c can be calculated
in accordance with equation (5). This can be
explained by referring to gures 4c and 4d.
In the example shown in gure 4c the tensile
loaded anchors No. 2 - 6 do not show a rectangular pattern. Therefore, they are resolved
into a suitable rectangle.
392
The eccentricity of the resulting anchor forces

is calculated in relation to the centre of gravity
G of the rectangular group (anchor No. 1 - 6).
The same is valid for the example in gure 4d
where only the anchors No. 3, 5 and 6 are
tensile loaded. Again the eccentricity of the
resulant anchor forces is calculated in relation
to the centre of gravity G of the group resolved
into a rectangular pattern (anchor No. 2, 3, 5
and 6).
Status 11/2009

Figure 4:
Examples of anchors subjected to eccentric tension load
be replaced by the value in accordance with

equation (6).
e 1,N
When calculating the surface areas A0c,N

and Ac,N and also in the equations (5b) and
(5c) the spacings scr,N and ccr,N should be
replaced by the values scr,N = 2 cmax and
ccr,N = cmax respectively.
Neutral axis
2
3
x
G
L
Compression
zone
s2
a)
e 2,N = 0
0,5s1 0,5s1
M2
s1
s1
Neutral axis
2
b)
G x L
6
5
e 1,N
Compression
zone
M1
4
M2
c) Splitting failure
e 2,N
Splitting due to tensile forces needs only to be

considered, if the following conditions exist:
Neutral axis
1
c)
- Edge spacing c < 1.0 ccr,sp

(single anchors)
G x
M1
e 2,N
Compression
zone
e 1,N
M2
Neutral axis
2
N
Compression
zone
M1
d)
Compression
zone
e)
M2
Neutral axis
e 2,N = 0
The characteristic load bearing capacity

NRk,sp for splitting can be calculated in accordance with equation (7):
Where:
L
e 1,N
G Centre of gravity of the tensile

loaded anchors (possibly resolved
into a rectangular pattern)
L x Position Position of the resulting force
of the tensile loaded anchors
Tensile loaded anchor

Not-loaded anchor
- Edge spacing c < 1.5 ccr,sp

(groups of anchors)
L
6
e 1,N
M2
M1
e 2,N
Fixings inuenced by 3 or more edges with

an edge spacing cmax ccr,N (with cmax =
largest edge spacing) equation (5) produces
results on the safe side. For increased and
realistic results, when calculating the capacity N0Rk,cthe anchorage depth hef should
N0Rk,c , A0c,N , Ac,N , s,N , ec1,N , ec2,N ,

re,N , ucr,N in accordance with equation
(5), where scr, N and ccr,N are replaced by
scr, sp und ccr, sp (compare the tables of
Annex B).
h, sp = factor to consider the inuence of
the thickness h of the structural
component
=
h
2 hef
2/3
1.5
..............(7a)
with h = component thickness
h' ef =
c max
c cr,N
N Rk ,sp = N oRk ,c
Status 11/2009
(6)
ef
A c,N
A oc,N
s,N ec1,N ec2,N re,N ucr,N h,sp [kN]
(7)
393

6. Shear load
d) Pull-out /pull-through failure

0
The charcteristic load bearing capacity N Rk,p

for pull-out / pull-through is given in the tables
of Annex B. The characteristic capacity NRk,p
can be calculated by multiplying N0Rk,p with
factor ucr,p .
ucr,p = 1.0 applications in cracked concrete
1.0 applications in non-cracked
concrete (compare tables of Annex
B)
Should, within a group, the tensile load act
in an eccentric manner, the proof should be
provided for the anchor subjected to the maximum load.
e) Required proofs
The required proofs are given in table 1. The
proof for splitting is required only if the conditions in accordance with c) exist.
Where:
NSd
= Design action of the acting tensile
load
NhSd
= Design action on the acting tensile

load of an anchor subjected to the
maximum load within a group
NgSd
= Design action of the acting tensile

load of a group
a1) Steel failure without lever arm

The charcteristic load bearing capacity VRk,s
for steel failure without lever arm is given in
the tables of Annex B. For anchor groups this
should be reduced by a factor of 0.8 (exception: steel with a elongation at rupture 8%).
For eccentrically loaded anchors within the
group, the anchor subjected to the maximum
load within a group must be proven.
a2) Steel failure with lever arm
Bending of the anchor must be considered
when a non-loadbearing layer with a thickness > 3 mm immediately below the anchor
is available or when the clearance hole in the
attachement is larger than stipulated. The
maximum clearance hole can be found for
the respective anchor families in the Technical
Handbook, tables Anchor characteristics.
The characteristic load bearing capacity
VRk,s for steel failure with bending of the
anchor can be calculated in accordance with
equation (8):
VRk,s = M MRk,s / l
(8)
Where:
= factor to consider the restraint of
M
the anchor
= 1.0 for unrestricted rotation (compare gure 5a)
= 2.0 for complete restraint (compare
gure 5b)
Table 1:
Reqiured proofs for tensile loads
Single anchors
Groups of anchors
Steel failure
NSd NRk,s / Ms
NhSd NRk,s / Ms
Concrete cone failure
NSd NRk,c / Mc
NgSd NRk,c / Mc
Splitting failure
NSd NRk,sp / Mc
NgSd NRk,sp / Mc
Pull-out / pull-through failure
NSd NRk,p / Mc
NhSd NRk,p / Mc
394
Status 11/2009

= M0RK,s (1 - NSd / NRd,s)
[Nm]
M0Rk,s = compare the tables of Annex B
NSd
= design action of the acting tensile
load
MRk,s
NRd,s
= NRk,s / Ms
NRk,s
= compare the tables of Annex B
Ms
= compare the tables of Annex B
= lever arm of the acting shear load
Where:
dnom = nominal diameter of the anchor
(compare tables of Annex B)
lf
= eective anchor length (compare

tables of Annex B)
A0cV
= surface area of idealised concrete

failure body on the side surface
of the structural element for single
anchor with large axial spacing and
large spacings to further edges
(see gure 9)
= a3 + e1
a3
= 0.5 d
= diameter of the anchor bolt or

thread
= 4.5 c12
= distance between the acting shear

force and the surface of the concrete
With anchor groups NSd in equation (8a)
must be replaced by NhSd.
Ac,V
= existing surface area of idealised

concrete failure body on the side
surface of the structural element
(examples, see gure 10)
s,V
= factor to consider the disturbance

of the stress distribution through
further edges
c1
= edge spacing in direction of the

load
c2
= edge spacing perpendicular to the

load. In a narrow component the
least of the two edge spacings
should be used.
e1
b) Concrete edge failure
= 0.7 + 0.3 c2/(1.5 c1) 1
The characteristic load bearing capacity VRk,c

for concrete edge failure can be calculated in
accordance with equation (9):
(9b)
Figure 5:
Degree of anchor restraint
V Rk ,c = V oRk ,c
V oRk ,c
= 0.45
Status 11/2009
A c,V
A oc,V
s,V h,V ec,V V ucr,V
d nom
lf
d nom
0.2
f cc,150
c 11.5/1000
[kN]
(9)
[kN]
(9a)
395

h,V
= factor to consider the thickness of

structural component
= (1.5 c1 / h) 1
(9c)
= structural component thickness
ec,V
= factor to consider eccentricity of

the shear load (see gure 6)
1
1
=
1 + 2 eV / (3 c1)
(9d)
eV
= eccentricity of the resulting shear

forces, in relation to the anchors
centre of gravity
,V
= factor to consider the direction of

the shear load (see gure 7)
= 1.0
(area1: 0 V 55)
(9e)
= 1.0 / (cos V + 0.5 sin V)
(area2: 55 < V 90)
(9f)
= 2.0
(area3: 90 < V 180) (9g)
Figure 6:
Example for a xing subjected to eccentric shear load
Figure 7:
Denition of the angle V
ucr,V = factor to consider the conditions of

concrete and reinforcement
= 1.0 (cracked concrete without
edge reinforcement)
= 1.2 (cracked concrete with edge
reinforcement 12 mm)
= 1.4 (cracked concrete with edge
reinforcement 12 mm and stirrups with a spacing 10 cm or
welded reinforcement mesh 8
mm with a spacing 10 cm)
= 1.4 (non-cracked concrete)
For a pair of anchors perpendicular to an edge
in equation (9) the edge spacing c1 of the
anchor positioned in the closest proximity of
the edge is used. The same also applies for
determining the surface aera Ac,V. This also
applies to a group of four anchors where the
distance of the pair of anchors positioned
closest to the edge is applicable (see gure
10c). I. e. both pairs of anchors perpendicular
to the edge as well as groups of four anchors,
are designed under the assumption that the
shear load is taken by either one or a pair of
anchors positioned closest to the edge. Thus
consideration is given to the fact that due to
the clearance of the hole, not all anchors of
a group are loaded equally. In the worst case
only the anchor or anchors close to the edge
are loaded (see gure 8).
Figure 8:
Typical concrete edge failure due to anchors loaded unfavourably in
the attachments clearance holes (note: the clearance holes diameters have been exagerated)
396
Status 11/2009

Figure 9:
Idealised concrete failure body and surface area of a single anchor close to an edge with large axial and edge spacings for further edges
subjected to shear load
c1
~ 1.5 c1
'
~ 35
4.5 c 1 c 1
c1
~ 1.5c1
~ 3 c1
~ 35
~ 3 c1
A 0c,V = 3c1 1.5c1
Figure 10:
Examples of existing surface areas of the idealised concrete failure body for various positions of anchors under shear load
c1
~ 1,5 c1
'
4.5 c 1 c 1
a)
1.5 c1
Ac,V = (1.5c1 + c2) 1.5c1

c2 1.5c1
c2
1.5 . c1
c1
s < 3 . c1
1.5 . c1
V
1.5 . c1
c1
~ 1,5 c1
1.5 c1
c2
1.5 . c1
c1
s
V
1.5 . c1
1.5. c1
b)
Ac,V = (1.5c1 + s +1.5c1) 1.5c1
s 3c1
c1
c)
1.5 c1
Status 11/2009
c2
Ac,V = (1.5c1 + s + c2) h

h 1.5c1
s 3c1
c2 1.5c1
c1
1.5 . c1
c2
397

to shear is taken. Additionally all anchors
of the group are considered regardless of
wether they are subjected to tensile load or
not.
Fixings in narrow and thin structural components, where c2,max 1,5c1 (with c2,max =
largest edge spacing parallel to the load) and
a component thickness h 1,5c1 (see gure
11) equation (9) produces results on the safe
side. For increased and realistic results, when
calculating the surface areas A0c,V and Ac,V
and in equations (9a), (9b), (9c) and (9d) the
edge spacing c1 should be replaced by the
larger value of either c2,max /1,5 or h / 1,5.
VSd
c) Concrete failure on the opposing side of

the load application (pryout failure)
= Design action of the acting shear

load for single anchors
VhSd
= Design action of the acting shear

load of the anchor subjected to the
maximum load
VgSd
= Design action of all anchors within

a group subjected to shear load
VRk,cp = k NRk,c
d) Required proofs
The required proofs are given in table 2.
Where:
(10)
Where:
NRk,c
= characteristic load bearing capacity

for concrete failure in accordance
with equation (5)
k
= see tables in Annex B
With eccentric shear loads, when calculating
eci,N in accordance with equation (5b) the
eccentricity of the shear load in relation to
the centre of gravity of the anchors loaded
Figure 11:
7. Combined tension and shear load

For combined tension and shear load in addition to the proofs according to section 5 and
6, one of the following interaction equations
must be statised (see gure 12). Equation
(11a) is only valid if steel failure is decisive
for both, tension as well as shear load. The
equations (11) and (11b) are valid for any
mode of failure.
(NSd/NRd) + (VSd/VRd) 1.2
c2,1
c2,2
c1
(NSd/NRd)2 + (VSd/VRd)2 1.0
c2,1 1.5c1
c2,2 1.5c1
h
1.5c1
(11)
(11a)
(NSd/NRd)1.5 + (VSd/VRd)1.5 1.0 (11b)
Table 2:
Reqiured proofs for shear loads
Single anchors
Groups of anchors
Steel failure
VSd VRk,s / Ms
VhSd VRk,s / Ms
Concrete cone failure
VSd VRk,c / Mc
VgSd VRk,c / Mc
Concrete failure on the opposing side

of the load application (pryout failure)
VSd VRk,cp / Mc
VgSd VRk,cp / Mc
398
Status 11/2009

For the ratios NSd / NRd and VSd / VRd the
least value for the dierent modes of failure
must be used.
The conditions in accordance with equation

(12) can be disregarded if one of the following
requirements is statised:
Figure 12:
The shear force acting on the member due

to the design actions including those of the
anchors does not exceed 0.8 VRd1.
Interaction diagram for combined tension and shear load
N Sd / N Rd
equation (11a)
1.0
equation (11b)
equation (11)
0.2
V Sd / V Rd
0.2
1.0
The tensile force of an anchor respectively

the total sum of the tensile forces of an anchor
group due to the characteristic load, is less
than 30 kN, the spacing a between the outermost anchors of adjacent groups, or between
the outermost anchors of a group and single
anchors or between single anchors, statises
the following equations (13a) or (13b). NSk is
the tensile load of a single anchor subjected to
the characteristic load and NgSk is the sum of
the tensile loads of a group of anchors subjected to the characteristic load.
8. Additional requirements to substantiate the concrete components capacity
a 200 NSk (Single anchors)

(13a)
a 200 NgSk (Group of anchors) (13b)
The local transmission of the anchor loads

to the concrete is checked according to
CC-method. The transmission of the anchor
loads to the supports of the concrete member
should be given special consideration.
The anchor loads are taken up by a hanger

reinforcement, which encloses the tension
reinforcement and is anchored at the opposite
side of the concrete member. Its distance from
an individual anchor or the outermost anchors
of a group should be smaler than hef.
A) Shear resistance of the concrete member

In order to ensure that the shear resistance
of the concrete member is adequate, the
following proof is required. The shear forces
VSd,a induced in the concrete member by
anchor loads must not exceed the value in
accordance with equation (12).
VSd,a = 0.4 VRd1
(12)
If NSk or N0Sk exceeds 60 kN, then a suitable

hanger reinforcement must be provided.
Note:
The provisions given above are deduced for
concrete members without shear reinforcement. They are conservative for members
with shear reinforcement.
B) Resistance to splitting forces
VRd1 is calculated in accordance with /9/,

equation (6.4-8). When calculating the value
VSd,a the anchor shall be assumed as a point
load, with a width of load application equal to
the distance between the outermost anchors
of a group plus 2 times the anchorage depth.
Status 11/2009
The splitting forces caused by anchors should

be considered in the design of the concrete
member. This may be neglected if one of the
following conditions exist:
The load transfer area is in the compres-
399

sion zone of the concrete member.
Under the characteristic actions, the tensile force of single anchors or the total sum of
the tensile force of an anchor group must not
exceed 10 kN.
Subjected to the characteristic actions
the tensile force of a single anchor or the total
sum of the tensile force of a group of anchors,
is less than or equal to 30 kN. In addition for
anchorages in slabs and walls, a concentrated
reinforcement in both directions is present in
the region of the anchor. The area of the transverse reinforcement should be at least 60 %
of the longitudinal reinforcement required for
the actions due to anchor loads.
9. References
/2/ Eligehausen, R.: Bemessung von Befestigungen in Beton mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten

(Design of Fixings in Concrete Based on Partial Safety Factors). Bauingenieur 65 (1990),
S. 295-305 (in German)
/6/ European Organisation for Technical

Approvals (EOTA) (1994): Guideline for European Technical Approval of Anchors (Metal
Anchors) for Use in Concrete. Final Draft, Sept.
1994, Part 1: Anchors in General. Part 2: Torque
Controlled Expansion Anchors. Part 3:
Undercut Anchors. Annex A: Details of Tests.
Annex B: Tests for Admissible Service Conditions, Detailed Information. Annex C: Design
Method for Anchorages
/3/ Fuchs, W., Breen, J., Eligehausen, R.:

Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) Approach for
Fastening to Concrete. ACI-Structural Journal,
Vol. 92 (1995), No. 6, p. 794-802.
/7/ Comit Euro-International du Bton:

Design of Fastenings in Concrete, Draft CEB
Guide - Part 1-3. Bulletin dInformation 226,
Lausanne, 1995
/4/ Eligehausen, R., Malle, R.: Befestigunstechnik im Beton- und Mauerwerkbau

(Fastenings to Concrete and Masonry). Verlag
Ernst & Sohn, 2000 (in German)
/8/ Eurocode No. 2: Design of Concrete

Structures, Part 1: General Rules and Rules for
Building. Final Draft, December 1988.
/1/ Eligehausen, R.: Bemessung von Befestigungen - Zuknftiges Konzept. (Design of Fastenings with Steel Anchors - Future Concept).
Betonwerk + FertigteilTechnik, 1988, Heft 5,
S. 88-100 (in German and English).
/5/ Deutsches Institut fr Bautechnik, Berlin:

Bemessungsverfahren fr Dbel zur Verankerung im Beton (Design Concept for Anchors in
Concrete). Edition June 1993 (in German)
400
/9/ DIN V ENV 1992 Teil1-1, Eurocode 2,

Planung von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken (Design of Reinforced Concreteand Prestressed Concrete Buildings), Edition
June 1992 (in German).
Status 11/2009
Special note
Our aim is continuous development and
innovation. Therefore the values given in this
Technical Handbook are subject to change
without notice. The specied data only apply
when scher or Upat anchors are used.
All products must be used, handled and
applied strictly in accordance with all current
instructions for use published by scherwerke
(i.e. catalogues, technical instructions, manuals, setting instructions, installation manuals
and others).
Construction materials (anchor ground)
as well as the conditions (environmental
conditions like temperature, humidity) vary in
a wide range. Therefore the present condition
of the base material and the applicability must
be checked by the user. If you are in doubt
of the condition of the base material (i.e.
strength), contact your nearest scherwerke
organisation or representative.
The information and recommendations given
in this Technical Handbook are based on
principles, equations and safety factors dened in technical instructions of scherwerke,
operation manuals, installation instructions
and other information that are believed to be
correct at the time of establishing. The values
are the result of the evaluation of test results
under laboratory conditions. The user has the
responsibility to check whether the present
conditions on site and the anchors, setting
tools etc. intended to use comply with the
conditions given in the Technical handbook.
The ultimate responsibility for selecting the
product for the individual application is with
the customer.
Information on the entire scher range, including

recommended loads, can be found in our comprehensive main catalogue or on the Internet at www.
scher.de
Status 11/2009
Status 11/2009
scherwerke is not obligated for direct,

indirect, incidental or consequential damages,
losses or expenses in connection with, or by
reason of, the use of, or inability to use the
products for any intention. Implied warranties
of merchantability or tness are expressly
excluded.
2009 scherwerke GmbH & Co. KG
Technical Handbook - Asia
110640 11/2009 P-MPS
Technical Handbook - Asia
Issue 11-2009
fischerwerke GmbH & Co. KG

Weinhalde 14-18 72178 Waldachtal
P. O. Box 1152 72176 Waldachtal
Germany
Phone +49 7443 12-0 Fax +49 7443 12-4222
www.fischer.de

Fixing of Rebar in Concrete

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Fixing of Rebar in Concrete

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Post-installed rebar connections with Injection

mortar FIS V and FIS EM

Features and advantages ..................................................308

Post-installed rebar connections

Static mixer FIS S

Advantages over synthetic mortars

Higher temperature resistance compared to epoxy, polyester and vinylester resins

Advantages over mineral mortars

Post-installed rebar connections

Extension of cantilevered slabs and refurbishment of slab edges.

Starter bars for closing openings.

Connection of a cantilevered slab to the edge

Starter bars for concrete columns.

Post-installed rebar connections

Features and advantages

Brushing of the drill hole

Blowing-out of the drill hole

Injection of the hybrid mortar FIS V

Blowing-out of the drill hole

The scher injection aid is attached to the end

Inserting the rebar

Post-installed rebar connections

For optimum installation scher oers a comprehensive range of equipment.

The injection aid

The FIS V extension nozzle

The drilling guide

Post-installed rebar connections

A rebar with a diameter of ds = 20 mm

Setting time [min]

*) With temperatures above 30 C to 40 C the cartridges have to be cooled

For the assessment of post-installed rebars

Design in non-reinforced concrete (anchor

Curing time [min]

Design in reinforced concrete

Required volume of resin

The equations and the construction guidance

= anchorage length [cm]

= drill diameter [mm]

= rebar diameter [mm]

Extensive test series show that the bonding

Post-installed rebar connections

Generally the design of post-installed rebars

Design with higher bond strength than those

= partial safety factor of the material

5.5.2 Partial safety factors for actions

The bond strength of cast-in rebars depends

= diameter of the rebar

= yield strength of the rebar

5.5.4 Bond strength - required anchorage length

= design value of the tensile resistance for steel failure

The partial safety factors for actions may be

Good bond conditions exist (EC2, Section

5.5.3 Steel values of resistance

b) When the rebar has an inclination of 0 to

Post-installed rebar connections

Poor bond conditions for rebars in the

5.5.4.2 Design resistance of the bond

= 1.0 for good bonding conditions

= (132 - ds)/100 for ds > 32 mm

= safety coecient for the concrete

Good bond conditions for rebars in the

Characteristic compressive strength (measured with cylinders) fck

Lower limit of the characteristic concrete tensile strength fctk; 0.05