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BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICAL LIMITED HARIDWAR TRANING REPORT IN FABRICATION BLOCK

&

DEFENCE BLOCK

SUBMITTED BY: MANISH PUROHIT B.Tech-FINAL YEAR(2013-14) MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ROLL NO-10ESLME035 S.L.B.S ENGG. COLLEGE, JODHPUR TRANING PERIOD-(1st June - 15th July 2013) SUBMITTED TO: Mr. P.PANDIT SENIOR ENGG. FABRICATION SECTION BLOCK-2 BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICAL LIMITED, HARIDWAR
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Before we get into detail of the report,I feel the heartfelt responsibility to mention my acknowledgement to several people to whom I owe the success of my venture of training and writing this report. I am grateful to Mr. P.PANDIT (Sr. Engg.) who allowed me to undergo vocational summer training and guided me during training period at BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICAL LIMITED,HARIDWAR which holds the rank amongst the top Public Sectors in india , exhibiting excellent performance with safest and most friendly enviornment, fulfilling all kinds of standards respective to its name,reputation and fame. I would like to give special thank to all the staff of BHEL FABRICATION SECTION for their great and remarkable contribution, support and guidance during training period.Their constant effort made this training really a learning experience. The well planned schedule and structure helped me in understanding the systems and equipments easily and effectively.
Manish Purohit 15th JUL 2013

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION COMPANY PROFILE TRAINING DEPARTMENT LAYOUT OF BLOCK-2 WORK UNDERGONE & EXPERIENCE DEFENCE BLOCK CONCLUSION

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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1.BHEL AN OVERVIEW
BHEL is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India in the energy related infrastructure sector today. BHEL was established more than 40 years ago when its first plant was setup in Bhopal ushering in the indigenous Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry in India a dream which has been more than realized with a well recognized track record of performance it has been earning profits continuously since 1971-72 and achieved a sales turnover of Rs. 6347 crore with a pre-tax profit of Rs. 294 crore in 2000-01. BHEL caters to core sectors of the Indian Economy viz., Power Generation's & Transmission, Industry, Transportation, Telecommunication, Renewable Energy, Defense, etc. The wide network of BHEL's 14 manufacturing division, four power Sector regional centres, over 150 project sites, eight service centres and 18 regional offices, enables the Company to promptly serve its customers and provide them with suitable products, systems and services efficiently and at competitive prices. BHEL has already attained ISO 9000 certification for quality management, and ISO 14001 certification for environment management.
POWER GENERATION

Power generation sector comprises thermal, gas, hydro and nuclear power plant business as of 31.03.2001, BHEL supplied sets account for nearly 64737 MW or 65% of the total installed capacity of 99,146 MW in the country, as against nil till 1969-70. BHEL has proven turnkey capabilities for executing power projects from concept to commissioning, it possesses the technology and capability to produce thermal sets with super critical parameters up to 1000 MW unit rating and gas turbine generator sets of up to 240 MW unit rating. Cogeneration and combined-cycle plants have been introduced to achieve higher plant efficiencies. to make efficient use of the high-ash-content coal available in India, BHEL supplies circulating fluidized bed combustion
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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boilers to both thermal and combined cycle power plants. The company manufactures 235 MW nuclear turbine generator sets and has commenced production of 500 MW nuclear turbine generator sets

Typical diagram of a coal fired thermal power station

1. Cooling tower 2. Cooling water pump 3. Three-phase transmission line 4. Step up transformer 5. Electrical Generator 6. Low pressure steam turbine 7. Boiler feed water pump 8. Surface condenser 9. Intermediate pressure steam turbine 10. Steam control valve
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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11. High pressure steam turbine 12. Deaerator Feed water heater 13. Coal conveyor 14. Belt 15. Coal hopper 16. Coal pulverizer 17. Boiler steam drum 18. Bottom ash hoper 19. Super heater 20. Forced draught fan 21. Reheater 22. Combustion air intake 23. Economizer 24. Air preheater 25. Precipitator 26. Induced draught(draft) fan 27. Fuel gas stack

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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2.HEEP: AN OVERVIEW Over the years, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited has emerged as world class Engineering and Industrial giant, the best of its kind in entire South East Asia. Its business profile cuts across various sectors of Engineering/Power utilities and Industry. The Company today enjoys national and international presence featuring in the "Fortune International500" and is ranked among the top 12 companies in the world, manufacturing power generation equipment. BHEL has now 14 Manufacturing Divisions, 8 Service Centres and 4 Power Sectors Regional Centres besides a large number of project sites spread over India and abroad. HEEP: FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Modernization and regular up gradation / up gradation of facilities and other infrastructure is a continuous endeavor at HEEP, BHEL. After initial setting up of the plant during the year 1964-72, in collaboration with the Soviet Union, the plant facilities and infrastructures have since been continuously upgraded under various investment projects viz, Stamping Unit Project, LSTG Project, Motor Project, Governing Components Project, TG Facilities Modernization, TG Facilities Augmentation, Quality Facilities Augmentation, EDP projects, Gas Turbine Project, Facilities have also been added and establishments have been created for new projects in Defense and Aviation Project. Additionally, R &D facilities have also been created under Generators Research Institute, Pollution Control Research Institute, HTL modernization and other such scheme Today the Plant has unique manufacturing and testing facilities, computerized numerically controlled machine-tools, Blade shop, heavy duty lathes, milling machines, boring machines, machining centers and many more. The Over Speed Vacuum Balancing Tunnel created for rotors up to 1300 MW (32T, 6.9 M dia bladed rotor, 6 rpm up to 4500 rpm) is one of the 8 of its kind in the entire world. The total spectrum of sophisticated, unique and other facilities at HEEP, Hardwar are the state-of-the-art in manufacturing processes and can be utilized for a variety of products' manufacture.

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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BHEL UNITS
1. Bhopal 2. Haridwar HEEP CFFP Established 1956 Production started1960 Established 1963 Production started1967 Established 1974 Production started1976 Established 1963 Production started1965 Established 1963 Production started1965 Production started1979 Production started1976 Established 1963 Established 1972 Established 1977 Established 1976 Established 1983 Production started1984 Production started1984 Heavy Electrical Plant Heavy Electrical Equipment Plant, Central Foundry Forge Plant Heavy Power Equipment Plant High Pressure Boiling Plant

3.Hyderabad HPEP 4.Tiruchi HPBP SSTP 5.Jhansi TP 6.Banglore EDN EPD ISG 7.Ranipet BAP 8.Goindwal 9.Jagdishpur IP 10.Rudrapur 11.Gurgoan

Transformer Plant Control equipment division Electro Porcelain division

High tension ceramic Insulation Plates Solar Photovoltaic Cells

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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THERE ARE 8 BLOCKS IN HEEP BLOCKS PRODUCTS

I. Electrical Machine II. Fabrication III. Turbine & Auxiliary IV. Feeder

Turbo generator, generator exciter , motor (ac,dc) Large size fabricated assemblies/components

Steam ,hydro ,gas turbines, turbine blade , special tooling

Winding of Turbo ,hydro gen. ,insulation for ac & d motors

V. Fabrication

Fabricated parts of steam turbine , water boxes ,storag tank ,hydro turbine parts.

VI. Fabrication Fabricated oil tanks, hollow guide blades, rings, stato Stamping frames, and rotor spindle. and die All dies. Stamping for gen. and motors manufacturing VII. Wood working Wooden packing, spacers

VIII. Heaters coolers

& LP heaters, ejectors, glands, steam and oil coolers, oil tan bearing covers.

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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TRAINING DEPARTMENT Manufacturing Facilities Preparation ,Bay -1 It has the following sections a) Marking cutting and straightening section. b) Gas cutting section including CNC flame cutting section & CNC Plasma cutting section. c) Press section (400T and 800T, Brake press). d) Shearing M/c section. Assembly and Welding Section .Bay -2 a) Assembly and welding section for large size units up to 75 tons. b) Heat treatment section. c) Shot blasting and cleaning section. Sections in Bay -3 a) Assembly and welding sections of small size units unto 10 tons. b) Pipe sections. Sections in Bay -4 a) Machine section: It is designed for machining parts and units during fabrication stage. This section supplies small parts and units of Steam turbine, generators, hydro-turbine etc. The unique machines viz. CNC multi spindle drilling machines and Horizontal ram borer are installed to help in
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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machining of various components like drilling of tube plates of different types apart from machining of big assemblies such as front wall, casing, water boxes etc.. b) Diaphragm section: Welded diaphragms of steam turbines are assembled, welded and stress relieved in this section. Coolers section: In this section tubes of coolers are cut to the required size, then turned and thereafter winding and soldering of spirals on tubes is carried c) out by automatic machines. These are then assembled to form coolers which are then assembled and hydraulically tested. Manufacturing processesManufacturing starts with Preparation of individual parts before assembly, in Bay -1. a) The metal is first marked and cut by the following machines:- Gullotine Shearing machine for cutting and trimming steel sheets and plates up to 25mm thick with straight contours. - Stationary and portable Oxy-acetylene cutting machines for cutting machines for cutting parts out of steel plates. - An unique Flame cutting machine is used for cutting steel plates by CNC programming. - CNC Plasma cutting M/c for cutting S.S & higher alloys. - Combination punch, shear and bar cutters, circular saws and bar shears are used for cutting angles, shapes, flats and rods. b) Straightening Rollers are used for straightening plates and large sized blanks and a 160 ton friction press for straightening small sized blanks. A roll bending machine is used for straightening and bending rolled beams and angles.
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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c) A 800 ton hydraulic bending and 400 ton press and a 250 ton friction press are used for cold and hot bending from rolled sheets and shapes. Parts to bend are pre heated in a 700 KW electric furnace, when ever needed. d) Finished parts are inspected at the working place. After Preparation is complete the next step is Assembly and Welding in Bay -2 and 3 is as follows: a) Components of units are assembled and tack welded for subsequent welding as per drawing and instructions on process cards. b) Manual arc welding arc welding is employed in restricted and inaccessible places or where semi-automatic or automatic welding is not possible or has not been established. c) Semi-Automatic submerged arc welding, GTAW and Argon Carbon-di-Oxide shielded arc welding are also used for increased productivity and better quality. All assembly work is carried out on bed plates. Small size structures are welded with the help of manipulators. Welding of high pressure cylinders of steam turbines is carried out after preliminary heating up to 250 C. Heat treatment is carried out in electric furnaces of bogie hearth, bell and pit types after welding is completed. In multi layer welding, the roots of seams are gouged and then cleaned by mechanical means. All assembly and welding sections have connections for compressed air, oxygen & acetylene as well Argon carbon-dioxide mixture and water for semi automatic welding.
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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Weld quality inspection is adopted in accordance with the relevant specifications. Inspection of weld quality and flaw detection is carried out by means of X-ray machines, gammagraphy machines of cobalt and iridium isotopes and ultrasonic flaw detectors. Pressure vessels that is boilers, heaters, condensers and coolers undergo hydraulic tests on special test beds meant for hydraulic testing. Kerosine leakage test is also done in case of thin walled vessels. Process being followed in pipe section is mentioned below: a) Pipes with diameter of 10-60 mm and 38-108 mm are cut on pipe cutting machines and oxy-aceytlene cutters. b) Cold bending of pipes is carried out on a pipe bending machine. Bending of carbon and alloy steel pipes of 114 mm dia and above is performed by heating them in electric furnaces and then by hot bending. c) Facing of pipes and beveling for welding is carried out on a horizontal boring machine with portable type pipe chamfering machine. d) For assembly and welding of pipes bed plates and manipulators are used. e) Heat treatment of pipes is done in electric furnace mentioned earlier. f) Surface cleaning is done manually or by shot blasting. Pipe assemblies are dimensionally checked and quality of welds is tested by X-ray and Gammagraphy. Process being followed in machining section is as follows: a) Casting, forging, rolled section and welded structures are delivered to sections where assembly and welding are done in accordance with specifications set forth in drawings. Pre weld machining for large sized parts for steam turbines and
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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hydro turbines are carried out in block-3. b) Provision is made for the application of highly productive cemented carbide tiped cutting tools, high speed cutting with maximum utilization with machine tool capacity and rapid section locating and clamping fixture. Process being followed in painting section is as follows: a) Painting materials used and painting processes adopted, conform to the standards for tropical climates. b) Owing to different operating conditions and decoration requirements of units and parts of turbines and electrical machines, different processes for painting are adopted. c) Some components and units undergo only prime coating in the steel structure section, with subsequent painting in the painting section of the machine and assembly section.

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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WORK UNDERGONE & EXPERIENCE During my training period at the block-2 I came to know about the main processes which went through the block.Most of the manufacturing process have been told about earlier. Some more machineries and processes are given here.Some of them were like plasma cutting, NDT testing, Hydraulic presses,turning, gas cutting etc. The various processes and machinery are as follows: A)Hydraulic Press:A hydraulic press is a hydraulic mechanism for applying a large lifting or compressive force. It is the hydraulic equivalent of a mechanical lever, and is also known as a Bramah press after the inventor, Joseph Bramah. Hydraulic presses are the most commonly-used and efficient form of modern press. The hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle: the pressure throughout closed system is constant. At one end of the system is a piston with a small cross-sectional area driven by a lever to increase the force. Small-diameter tubing leads to the other end of the system. A fluid, such as oil, is displaced when either piston is pushed inward. The small piston, for a given distance of movement, displaces a smaller amount of volume than the large piston, which is proportional to the ratio of areas of the heads of the pistons. Therefore, the small piston must be moved a large distance to get the large piston to move significantly. The distance the large piston will move is the distance that the small piston is moved divided by the ratio of the areas of the heads of the pistons. B)Oxy-Fuel Welding And Cutting: Oxy-fuel welding (commonly called oxyacetylene welding or oxy welding or in the

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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U.S. gas welding) and Oxy-fuel cutting are processes that use fuel gases and oxygen to either weld or cut metals. There are a few differences between the two. In Oxy-fuel welding, a welding torch is used to weld metals. In Oxy-fuel cutting, a cutting torch is used to heat up ferrous metal to kindling temperature (about 980C). A stream of pure oxygen is trained on the hot metal which chemically combines with the iron which then flows out of the cut, or kerf, as an iron-oxide slag Torches that do not mix pure oxygen with the fuel inside the torch, but burn it with atmospheric air, are not oxy-fuel torches and can be identified by their single tank. (Oxy-fuel welding/cutting needs two tanks, fuel and oxygen.) Most metals cannot be melted with such single-tank torches, so they can only be used for soldering and brazing, not welding. Apparatus used in Oxy-Fuel welding and cutting: The apparatus used in gas welding consists basically of an oxygen source and a fuel gas source (usually cylinders), two pressure regulators and two flexible hoses (one of each for each cylinder), and a torch. This sort of torch can also be used for soldering and brazing. The cylinders are often carried in a special wheeled trolley. There have been examples of oxyhydrogen cutting sets with small (scuba-sized) gas cylinders worn on the user's back in a backpack harness, for rescue work and similar. There are also examples of pressurized liquid fuel cutting torches, usually using gasoline. These are used for their increased portability. C)Planers: A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that is analogous to a shaper, but larger, and with the entire workpiece
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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moving beneath the cutter, instead of the cutter moving above a stationary workpiece. The work table is moved back and forth on the bed beneath the cutting head either by mechanical means, such as a rack and pinion gear, or by a hydraulic cylinder. Planers and shapers were used generally for two types of work: generating accurate flat surfaces and cutting slots (such as keyways). Planers and shapers are now obsolescent, because milling machines have eclipsed them as the machine tools of choice for doing such work. D)Plasma Cutting: Plasma cutting is a process that is used to cut steel and other metals (or sometimes other materials) using a plasma torch. In this process, an inert gas (in some units, compressed air) is blown at high speed out of a nozzle; at the same time an electrical arc is formed through that gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut, turning some of that gas to plasma. The plasma is sufficiently hot to melt the metal being cut and moves sufficiently fast to blow molten metal away from the cut. Cutting Methods: Plasma cutters have also been used in CNC machinery. Manufacturers build CNC cutting tables, some with the cutter built in to the table. The idea behind CNC tables is to allow a computer to control the torch head making clean sharp cuts. Modern CNC plasma equipment is capable of multi-axis cutting of thick material, allowing opportunities for complex welding seams on CNC welding equipment that is not possible otherwise. E)Three roll bending machine: Roll benders use three rolls (typically) to bend solids, extrusions and tube and pipe to various diameters by adjusting one or two rolls. The pyramid style roll benders have one moving roll, usually the top roll. Double pinch type roll benders have two adjustable rolls, usually the bottom rolls, and a fixed top roll. Large arcs, circles and spirals are typical applications for roll benders.
Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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The roll bending machine in BHEL has following specifications: Maximum working length:8000 mm. Minimum diameter of forming:1300 mm. Plate thickness:32 mm, Upper rolled dia.:7550 mm. Lower roll dia.:680 mm. Speed of forming :5 m per minute. Speed of lowering upper roll :60 mm per minute. Speed of raising upper roll :120 mm per minute F) Boot Press Furnace: This press was having following furnace : Power:750KW. Furnace size : length-4000 mm Width :2400 mm. Height :1600 mm. Zones: 5 G)Centre lathe with three and four jaws: A metal lathe is generic description for a rigid machine tool designed to remove material from a workpiece, through the action of a cutting tool. They were originally designed to machine metals; however, with the advent of plastics and other materials, and with their inherent versatility, they are used in a wide range of applications, and a broad range of materials.

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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A center lathe is a dual head machine where the work remains fixed and the heads move towards the workpiece and machine a center drill hole into each end. The resulting workpiece may then be used "between centers" in another operation. The usage of the term metal lathe may also be considered somewhat outdated these days, plastics and other composite materials are in wide use and with appropriate modifications, the same principles and techniques may be applied to their machining as that used for metal. A center lathe or engine lathe may be considered the basis for the metal lathe and is the type most often used by the general machinist or hobbyist.The center lathe may be considered a useful starting point. The engine lathe is the name applied to a traditional 20th century lathe. It is assumed that the 'engine' was added to the description to separate them from the 'foot lathes' (lathes turned by pedals) or other hand rotated pieces of machinery. Early engine lathes were generally 'cone heads', in that the spindle usually had attached to it a multi-step pulley designed to accept a flat belt. Different spindle speeds could be obtained by moving the flat belt to different steps on the cone pully. It was assumed that a cone head lathe would be powered by a Line shaft which was the industrial standard of the time H)Manipulator:Parts that cannot be welded easily by ordinary welding, specially internal curved parts are welded by manipultaors . I)Non Destructive Testing: Nondestructive testing (NDT) has been defined as comprising those test methods used to examine an object, material or system without impairing its future usefulness. The term is generally applied to non medical investigations of material integrity. The main NDT processes at the fabrication block are as follows:

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

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1)Visual inspection : It is the simplest ,cheapest and most widely used method amongst all the NDTs.A simple visual test reveal gross surface defects easily and quickly . However for detection of final defects, device/equipments having high degree of precision and illumination are required. 2)Radiography: In this test the X-rays and gamma rays are used to detect deep seated internal defects. The short wavelengths of Xray permitted to penetrate through the opaque material. Gamma rays are the electro-magnetic radiations that are emitted from an unstable nucleus.

3)Penetrant Testing - Penetrant solution is applied to the surface of a precleaned component. The liquid is pulled into surfacebreaking defects by capillary action. A developer is applied to pull the trapped penetrant back to the surface where it is spread out and forms an indication. The indication is much easier to see than the actual defect J) Vertical boring machine C-208: The specification of this machine is as follows: Chuck diameter = 4m

Maximum chuck speed = 30 rpm Minimum chuck speed = .2 rpm Use to make Guide blade carrier Feed can be given at any time . Pendant is used for the performance on the job.

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

[Type text]

Operations performed are turning, facing, boring, taper machining. K)CNC Flame Cutting Setup in BHEL in 1982 and imported from Germany. Maximum depth of cutting: 250mm -300mm. Gas used oxyacetylene Program are saved and made by the programmer. Different nozzle are used for different jobs. L)CNC Plasma Cutting Machine Arc is maintained between a non consumable electrode and work piece. High temperature is reached upto 35000c Cu nozzle is used through which tungsten electrode is fed. Maximum cutting thickness is 80 mm. Much faster. Narrow heat affected zone. Used for cutting non ferrous metal

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

[Type text]

DEFENCE PROJECT 76/62 Super Rapid Gun Mounting

The Otobreda 76 mm gun is a naval artillery piece built by the Italian defence conglomerate Otobreda. It is based on the Oto Melara 76mm/L62 Allargato, which was bigger and heavier. A vehicle-mounted version known as the Otomatic was built for the self-propelled anti-aircraft gun role but was not put into production. Unlike the older Allargato the Otobreda 76mm Compatto cannon system is compact enough to be installed on relatively small warships, like corvettes, avisos (a vessel somewhere between a corvette and a patrol boat), or patrol boats. The gun's high rate of fire makes it suitable for short-range anti-missile point defence, and its calibre also allows it to function in anti-aircraft, anti-surface, and ground support roles. Specialised ammunition is available for armour piercing, incendiary, and directed fragmentation, and a new stealth cupola has been designed in recent years.

The Otobreda 76mm Super Rapid as mounted in a kora class

corvette

Type Place of origin

Naval gun Italy

Service history Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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In service

1964 - present

Production history Designer Designed Oto Melara Compact: 1963 Super Rapid: 1985 Oto Melara (19632001) OtoBreda (2001 onwards) Super Rapid: 1988

Manufacturer

Produced

Specifications Weight Barrel length Crew Empty: 7.5 tonnes (17,000 lb) 62 caliber: 4,724.4 mm (186.00 in) remote controlled

Shell

76900mmR (complete round) 12.34 kilograms (27.2 lb) 76.2 mm (3.00 in) 5/+75 Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

Caliber Elevation Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

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speed:35/s (acceleration: 72/s) Traverse 360 speed: 60/s (acceleration: 72/s) Super Rapid: 120 rounds/min 925 m/s (3,030 ft/s) HE round fired at 45: Super Rapid: 30,000 m (33,000 yd) Magazine capacity: 85 ready rounds on Super Rapid gun mount

Rate of fire Muzzle velocity Maximum range

Feed system

Super Rapid
Also called the "Super Rapido" this weapon, developed in early '80s, is the most up to date development of the Italian 76mm naval cannons, with an increased rate of fire of 120 rounds per minute. To achieve the higher rate of fire the Super Rapido requires a specially developed round that can be raised, loaded and chambered at higher speeds. While the older 76mm Allargato and 76mm Compacto can fire the new special round, it does not increase their rate of fire. Only the Super Rapido can fire at 120 rounds per minute. That rate is only done in short bursts, despite the water cooling of the barrel. The Super Rapido also improved on serious vibration problems the older Oto Melara and Otobreda 76mm mounts experienced, resulting in poor accuracy against smaller high speed air targets, for example anti-shipping missiles and guided bombs.

Main component of SRGM

It works on hydraulic system. Hydrolic oil :- SRGM works on hydraulic system. The oil which is used in this system are MIL5600 and MIL H6083 Accumulator :- It is called the heart of this system. This is like a cylinder. The pressure of accumulator is 80 bar. Two racks are placed in the accumulator, which are continuously move up and down. Rocker Arms :- Two Rocker arms are connected to the two racks of accumulator. The work of rocker arms are to set up the bullet in the gun. N2-O2 Cylinder :- This is used to maintain 80 bar pressure in the accumulator. Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur Manish Purohit S.L.B.S. Engg.

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Users

India

Godavari class frigate Brahmaputra class frigate Shivalik class frigate kora class corvette Kamorta class corvette Veer class corvette

CONCLUSION Gone through a rigorous four weeks training under the guidance of capable engineers and workers of BHEL Haridwar in Block-2 headed by DGM of block-2 Mr. B.K.Basu situated in Ranipur, Haridwar Uttarakhand. The training ,was specified under the Heavy Fabrication Department. Working under the cam machining department the basic grinding, scaling and machining was shown on heavy to medium duty lathes planted in the same line where the specified work was undertaken. The training brought to my knowledge the various machining and fabrication processes went in not only in the manufacturing of cams but other iron casted products. Thus the training was successfully accomplished under very able guidance of the engineers and sub-engineers of Bajaj Motors Ltd.

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.

[Type text]

Summer Training (July-13) College, Jodhpur

Manish Purohit

S.L.B.S. Engg.