AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION WAYSIDE SIMULATION ON COMMUNICATION BASED TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM WITH STUDY CASE ON JAKARTA MASS

RAPID TRANSIT

1. INTRODUCTION Transportation problem today is a very important and substantial to be resolved, especially ground transportation. The need for mobility from place to place is highly demanding a rapid, reliable, and safe transport system for passengers. One means of land transportation that can provide such criteria mentioned is the train. Train can carry more passengers with relatively short and free of congestion. 1.1 Background and Problem Indonesia has a serious problem concerning the transportation systems, especially in a very densely populated area in the city such as Jakarta. Congestion often occurs in big cities along with the increasing number of personal vehicles that is not supported with sufficient growth of road constructions. Thus, a means of transportation that can accommodate more passengers at one time with high mobility is needed. Developed countries such as United States, Japan, and most countries in Europe have already had the express rail system as main land transportation. They have established the underground railway and monorail network system interconnecting the city and between the cities. Railway system in these countries has managed to solve their problem of transportation. Some rail systems in developed countries have adopted modern technology to the system. For example, the train operation can be done automatically. The train system in Indonesia is still adopting conventional rail system that still relies on manual interlocking and signals. Therefore, in addition to the existing problem, there are also problems related to the efficiency of the train operation and passengers departure. One of the rail systems that has adopted automatic operation is Communication Based Train Control (CBTC). According to IEEE Standard 1474.1 -2004, CBTC is A continuous Automatic Train Control (ATC) system utilizing high-resolution train location determination,

independent of track circuits; continuous, high capacity, bidirectional train-to-wayside data communications; and train-borne and wayside processors capable of implementing vital functions [1]. ATC itself is a system that automatically controls the movement of the trains, ensure safety of the train, and direct the operation of trains.

Figure 1. Illustration of CBTC system [2] Using CBTC system, it is expected that these criteria of railway operations can be obtained, 1. Increased line capacity with lower minimum headway (up to 60 seconds) 2. Increased safety by applying Automatic Train Protection (ATP) 3. Increased operating efficiency with implementation of Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) 4. Increased comfort and operating efficiency with the application of Automatic Train Operation (ATO) CBTC system consists of three main parts, namely,

1. Automatic Train Protection (ATP) ATP is a subsystem of ATC that maintains the security of the railway system by regulating some parameters of the primary functions in order to obtain a secure system from excessive speed, a collision with another train and other hazardous conditions. One of the main functions of ATP is to provide a reliable and safe breaking model. Safe breaking model provides speed profile that is computed by determining the location and distance between the two adjacent rails. If the distance between the two trains are detected exceeding the specified safe limit, the ATP system will perform automatic deceleration (emergency braking). Using safe braking model, the capacity of the railways can be determined and the efficiency of the line can be improved.

Figure 2. Illustration of ATP Profile [1] 2. Automatic Train Operation (ATO) ATO is a subsystem of ATC that handles regulatory train speed, braking trains, and train door control. The objective of ATO is to achieve braking and propulsion systems which are efficient in terms of energy usage and comfort in railway operations. 3. Automatic Train Supervision (ATS)

ATS is a subsystem within ATC that monitors trains, adjusts the performance of individual trains to maintain the schedules, and provide data to adjust service to minimize any inconvenience caused by another aberration. In order to function properly, the infrastructure of the CBTC system should include the following subsystems: CBTC ATS equipment, CBTC wayside equipment, CBTC train-borne equipment, and CBTC data communications equipment [3] 1.2 Aims of the project In this project, the goal of the research is to model and simulate an ATP wayside of the CBTC system using study case of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Jakarta. The simulation is done by designing software that can describe the behavior of the ATP Wayside. 1.3 Scope of the project Scope of the project is defined by formulating the problems of designing ATP simulator. The formulation of the problem is to define the model of ATP wayside, programming methods that are suitable to be implemented, the design and implementation of software so that the CBTC system can run well. To answer the above formulation, the following aspects will be observed, 1. CBTC specifications as a whole 2. ATP functions of CBTC system 3. ATP wayside functions within ATP 4. Programming methods to develop the simulator 5. Software design tools 1.4 Significance of the project CBTC is a rail system with high standards of safety and yielding small headway between the train, thus, improving the efficiency of railway usage. CBTC system has been established in the developed countries and managed to improve the railway system [4]. This research is a collaboration project between Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia and PT. LEN Industry Indonesia. PT LEN Industry is currently one of the major vendors in

the development the MRT Jakarta and planned to implement CBTC system on the trains. The research will be useful for the company as CBTC is a new knowledge for them. Therefore the research will contribute to the development of the CBTC system eventually. CBTC concept in Indonesia is fairly new and still in the stage of development. It requires more research and regulatory enforcement to achieve optimal implementation.

Implementation of CBTC in cities within Indonesia could be one of the solutions to the transportation problems as citizens can shift from private vehicles to urban public transportation. Therefore in this project, a CBTC simulator will be developed with level of similarities as high as possible in order to represent the model of real CBTC system itself. The focus of the project will be on the ATP subsystem within the ATC system.

REFERENCES [1] __________, Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) Performance and Functional Requirements, IEEE Standards 1474.1-2004, Institute of Electrical and Engineers Inc., 2005. [2] __________, Presentasi Len CBTC 151010.ppt, PT Len Industri, 2010. [3] __________, IEEE Recommended Practice for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) System Design and Fuctional Allocations, IEEE Standards 1474.3-2008, Institute of Electrical and Engineers Inc., 2008. [4] M. P., Georgescu, Many Railways, One System The future with CBTC, IRSE Australasia Technical Meeting, Melbourne, 2012