DUQUESNE LODGE N48 GLNF DIEPPE

ANCIENT & ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. FIRST DEGREE (APPRENTICE)

PREFACE TO THE A.V .L.6000 EDITION The following preface by R.W.Bro. Cyril Batham appears in the original edition of the rituals, adopted by the Lodge on its consecration in A.V.L.5955. This new edition separates the three main degrees into three booklets. A fourth booklet combines the supplementary ceromonies and full working notes for the Officers of the Lodge . Stephen Burrough. W.M. 1999-2000, and 2000-2001.

THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE As with so much in Freemasonry, the origins and much of the early history of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite (known in England as the Ancient and Accepted Rite) are lost and are never likely to be recovered, but the details given in this brief account are accepted by most masonic scholars. In 1732, a Lodge was founded in Bordeaux by three English Naval Officers and was given the name of The English Lodge. In 1766, it applied for and received a Warrant from the Grand Lodge of England, eventually becoming No. 204 on their Register. It is now La Loge Anglaise (204), No. 2 on the Register of the Grande Loge Nationale Franaise. From this Lodge sprang several others, at least one of which worked some, probably not more than fourteen, of the higher degrees that were invented in France in the second quarter of the eighteenth century. The Mother Lodge confined itself exclusively to the three craft degrees and was hostile to the newly-invented ones, which now form part of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite and which, therefore, may be said, at least in part, to have been born in Bordeaux, even though The English Lodge refused to acknowledge them. However, in a very restricted and indirect way, it may be said that the three English Naval Officers, through their activities in Bordeaux, started the train of events that led eventually to the creation of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. Other degrees were added subsequently to form the Rite of Perfection (or Heredom) of twenty-five degrees which, by 1758, was controlled from Paris by the Council of Emperors of the East and West. In 1761, a Patent was granted to Stephen (or Etienne) Morin, authorizing him to introduce the Rite into the New World. It was issued by the Grand Lodge and Sovereign Council of the Sublime Princes of Masonry, which some authorities claim to have been identical with the Council of Emperors of the East and West. In 1

1763, Morin established the Rite in San Domingo, from where it soon spread to the French settlement in New Orleans and quickly became established in America, being controlled by a Grand Lodge of Perfection in Charleston, South Carolina. Eight further degrees were added later and it became the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Thirty-three Degrees, the Grand Lodge of Perfection being superseded in 1801 by a new governing body, the Supreme Council, or, to give its full title, The Supreme Council (Mother Council of the World) of Inspectors General, Knights Commander of the House of the Temple of Solomon, of the Thirty-third and Last Degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America, whose See is at Charleston, State of South Carolina, but now sitting at Washington, D.C. The second Supreme Council, apart from an abortive one in Jamaica, was founded in Paris in 1804 and gradually the Rite spread throughout the whole civilised world. Meanwhile, many of the Degrees worked in France in the early part of the eighteenth century spread eastward through Germany and, about the middle of the century, became established in Russia. In many countries, the Supreme Councils did not concern themselves with the first three degrees and it was sufficient for candidates to have been raised to the degree of Master Mason in a Craft Lodge, but there were exceptions. These three degrees had been worked in France, as part of the Rite of Perfection, as from its inception, and continued to be worked by the Supreme Council until 1894, when it founded a subordinate Grande Loge de France for the purpose of working these rituals as Craft degrees. This Grand Lodge became independent by mutual consent in 1904. These same rituals are in use today in many Craft Lodges of the Grande Loge Nationale Franaise, having been introduced in 2

1965 by Lodges that transferred their allegiance from the Grande Loge de France because it had entered into a Treaty with the Grand Orient of which they did not approve. The same three degrees were worked in Russia until Freemasonry was outlawed in that country by Czar Alexander I in 1822. The Duquesne Ritual was translated from an eighteenth century Ritual in Old Russian, by W.BRO. Nicholas Katkoff, A.G.D.C., P.Pr.G.D.C., with certain revisions by R.W.Bro. Cyril N. Batham, P.S.G.W ., P.Pr.S.G.W., who also translated from a French Ritual the Installation and Regularization ceremonies. As far as is known, Duquesne Lodge is the only one in the world that works this Rite in English. FURNISHING OF THE TEMPLE The Temple is oblong in shape, referred to as an elongated square. It is oriented so that one of its short sides faces East and the other faces West. To emphasize a constant communication with T.G.A.O.T.U. the ceiling, symbolically non-existent, is a hemispheric vault painted sky-blue and studded with stars forming a great number of constellations. The floor is paved with alternating black and white square stones. Should this not be possible, a carpet of black and white squares in the form of an elongated square can be placed in the centre of the floor. This is called a mosaic or square pavement. Twelve columns support the Vault of the Temple. On the Mural frieze is placed or painted a rope containing, from place to place, diverse mysterious knots. Each end of the rope is adorned with an ornamental tassel, each one resting on one of the columns flanking the entrance of the Temple. These columns, on either side of the only entrance, are of bronze or painted to resemble bronze. Their capitals are of the Corinthian Order. Each column supports open pomegranates. On the shaft of the column on the left when entering the Temple is engraved the 3

letter B and on the column on the right, the letter J. In the East of the Temple, a platform is placed with three steps leading up to it. In the middle of the platform is the Chair or Throne and Pedestal of the W.M. On the pedestal is placed the Charter, a naked sword and a Candlestick with a single Candle, (which is lit by Bro.M.C. before the brethren are admitted in the Temple.) also a Candlestick with three candles which is to be used only when so indicated in the Ritual. On the pedestal, on the W.M.s right, is a celestial globe and on his left, a terrestrial globe. The seat and triangular pedestal of the S.W. are placed on a double plat form situated in front of the column B. The seat and triangular pedestal of the J.W. are placed on a platform situated in the South, half-way between the East and the West. Wardens columns are never used in this Rite. On the North and South sides of the Temple, from East to West, are placed rows of chairs for the use of Brethren. These rows of chairs are referred to as Columns. E.A.s must always sit on the North Column, F.C.s on the South Column and M.M.s sit wherever they wish. Before the Pedestal of the W.M. at the foot of the three steps leading up to the platform is a small square Altar called the Altar of Obligations on which are placed the three Great Lights, the V.S.L. and the S & C and against it is placed a kneeling stool. On the wall above the back of the Throne is a luminous Delta in the middle of which is an eye. On the wall, on either side of the W.M.s Throne are painted on the South side, an image of the Sun and on the North side, an image of the waxing crescent. In the middle of the floor is placed the Tracing Board on which the Deacon draws the appropriate designs and subsequently erases them, as indicated in the ritual. Three tall candlesticks, with one candle each, are placed around the square pavement, that in the South East corner is an 4

Ionic column (Wisdom), that in the South West corner, a Corinthian column (Beauty) and the third in the North West corner, a Doric column (Strength). Alternatively, three small Candlesticks, with one candle each, are placed as follows: 1. Ionic Column (Wisdom) on the right of the W.M.s pedestal. 2. Doric Column (Strength) on the right of the S.W.s pedestal. 3. Corinthian Column (Beauty) on the right of the J.W.s pedestal. The Rough Ashlar is placed on the North Side of the first step leading up to the platform in the East and the Perfect Ashlar is placed on the South Side of the same step. The situation of the Orator is at the Eastern end of the Temple on the South side and that of the Secretary at the Eastern end on the North side. The situation of the Treasurer is at the foot of the platform, to the left of the Orator, that of the Almoner, at the foot of the platform, to the right of the Secretary. The M.C. is seated next to the Treasurer and the Deacon next to the Almoner. The M.C. and Deacon sit at the head of their respective Columns, the M.C. in the South and the Deacon in the North. The 1G. sits in a convenient position near the door, which should be in the West, if possible. In addition to those before the Throne of the W.M. and the Chairs of the two Wardens, pedestals or small tables are placed before the Orator, Secretary, Treasurer and Almoner. ADMISSION OF CANDIDATES When a Candidate is proposed, the proposer and seconder give the tongue of good report in open Lodge. A vote by show of hands is then taken as to whether the candidate shall be interviewed. If it is favourable, the W.M. nominates two members to contact the Candidate and submit separate reports as to his acceptability. After these have been read in open Lodge, a vote is 5

taken by show of hands as to whether the Candidate shall be heard under the hoodwink. If it is favourable the Candidate is asked to attend on the occasion of the next regular meeting. He is hoodwinked, brought in by the M.C. and seated on a chair in the middle of the Lodge, when the W.M. and afterwards any other Brother who so desires may ask him any questions they wish relative to his application and suitability for membership. After this has been completed he is escorted from the Lodge by the M.C. and thanked for his attendance. A vote on his application is then taken, by show of hands unless a secret ballot is demanded, and if it is favourable, arrangements are made for his initiation. PASSING AND RAISING When it is required to pass a Brother to the Second Degree, an item should be included in the summons for that meeting, or for a preceding one, as follows: To consider an application received from Bro. A.B. for an increase in wages. Initiated .................................................... The brother will be required at that meeting to read a short paper (say 5 to 10 minutes) on some aspect of the previous degree and he may be questioned on it by the Master or any other member of the Lodge having a higher degree. He should then be escorted out of the Lodge whilst a vote is taken as to whether his application should be approved. If it is, arrangements should be made for him to be passed. The procedure for raising to the Third Degree is similar. ADMISSION OF A JOINING MEMBER FROM A RECOGNISED SISTER JURISDICTION G.L.N.F. regulations make it mandatory to treat applications for joining membership in the same way as for initiation. 6

Every such applicant must produce his Grand Lodge Certificate and sub scribe to the following Declaration: I solemnly declare that I will willingly abide by the By-laws of your Worshipful Lodge and that my presence will add a link in your Chain of Union. I also formally renew my absolute adhesion to all the Obligations of the Order as defined in the Constitutions and General Regulations of the Grande Loge Nationale Franaises (French National Grand Lodge), and I pray that this pledge of fidelity will qualify me for the privilege of being accepted as a member of this Worshipful Lodge.

(Signed) ......................................................... MISCELLANEOUS The following variations should be noted as compared with the practice normally followed in English Lodges: 1st Degree. Instead of the hand being placed to the left of the windpipe it is placed further to the right in the centre of the windpipe. SWORDS Swords are used extensively in this Rite. Except when otherwise instructed, Deacon and Inner Guard present arms when the Brethren stand to order, have their swords at the carry when moving around the Lodge, and resting against their right shoulder when seated. The other Brethren place them on the floor at the right of their chairs, when not in use. STANDING TO ORDER The W.M. and the Wardens take their Gavels in their right hands and apply them to their left breasts. The M.C. holds his wand in his right hand and, keeping the 7

base on the floor against his foot, extends his hand fully, sideways. Alternatively, if he has a baton, he holds it in his right hand and applies it to his left breast. The Deacon and I.G. present arms with their swords by holding them in the centre of their bodies, points upwards, with their right forearms horizontal. All other Brethren give the sign of the Degree but do NOT take a step. SIGN, BATTERY AND TRIPLE ACCLAMATION When calling upon the Brethren for the salute, the procedure is as follows: W.M. Join with me Brethren in the Sign, (All discharge the Sign) the Battery, (All give the Battery, taking their time from the W.M.) and the Triple Acclamation. (All give the Houzzai again taking their time from the W.M.) RECEPTION OF DISTINGUISHED VISITORS After the distinguished Visitor(s) has/have been announced: W.M. We are honoured by his (their) presence here today and shall be pleased to welcome him (them) into the Lodge. Bro. M.C., attend to the duties of your office. (The M.C. takes the three branch Candlestick from the W.M. s pedestal, lighting the candles if necessary, hands it to a M.M. and takes him to the door of the Lodge.) W.M. Brethren, to order to receive our distinguished Visitor(s). W.M. gavels once, followed by S. W. and J W. and these ritual knocks are continued, in a slow and deliberate rhythm, until the senior Visitor reaches the East. He is received at the door of the Lodge by the M.C. who forms a procession: (1) The M.M. carrying the three-branch Candlestick. (2) M.C. and A.M.C. (3) Grand Officers, juniors to the front. (4) Visitor (if there is more than one, juniors lead). 8

An Arch of Honour is formed by all Brethren having swords remaining in their places and holding their swords in their right hands, extended forwards and upwards at an angle of 45. Other Brethren stand to order. When the procession reaches the East, the brethren halt and turn inwards so as to allow the senior Visitor to pass between them to the East where he is welcomed by the W.M. who, if appropriate, offers him the gavel, which none other knows better how to use. M.M. replaces the Candlestick on the W.M.s pedestal, the candles remaining alight, and he and the M.C. return to their places.

OPENING IN THE FIRST DEGREE The Brethren wait at the entrance to the Temple. The M.C. introduces the members as follows: First the E.As., then the F.Cs., then the M.Ms. who are not Officers and finally the Officers, with the exception of the W.M. Each Brother goes to his place and waits, standing, until the M.C. conducts the W.M. to his Chair . All sit when the Master is seated. From then onwards the Lodge is always squared, except by the Orator when he arranges the three Great Lights. W.M. (Gavels once, repeated by S. W. And J. W. All remain seated.) Bro. S.W., are you a Freemason? S.W. W.M., my Brethren consider me as such. W.M. Bro. S.W., what is the first care of a Warden in a Lodge of E.A. Freemasons? S.W. W.M., the first care is to see that the precincts of the Lodge are properly guarded. W.M. Attend to that duty and report to me accordingly. S.W. Bro. I.G., are the precincts of the Lodge properly guarded? (The I.G. rises and, with a drawn sword at the carry position, goes outside, examines the precincts and re-enters.) I.G. Bro. S.W., the precincts of the Lodge are properly guarded. (Sits) S.W. W.M., the precincts of the Lodge are properly guarded. W.M. Bro. J.W., what is the second care of a Warden in a Lodge of E.A. Freemasons? J.W. W.M., the second care is to see that all those in both Columns are Freemasons. W.M. Bros. S. and J.Wardens, attend to that duty in your respective Columns, and report to me. Brethren, be upstanding. Half turn to the East. (all rise, facing East, and each comes to order as the Warden comes up to them from the West). 10

J.W. Bro. S.W., all those in the North Column are Freemasons. S.W. W.M., all those in both North and South Columns are Freemasons. (The W.M. and the Brethren in the East stand to order.) W.M. I recognize as Freemasons all those who are with me in the East. Brethren, be seated. (All discharge Sn. and sit) W.M . Bro. J.W., where is your place in the Lodge? J.W. In the South, W.M. W.M . Why are you placed there? J.W. The better to observe the sun at its meridian and to summon the Brethren from labour to refreshment. W.M. Bro. S.W., where is your place in the Lodge? S.W. In the West, W.M. W.M. Why are you placed there? S.W. The better to observe the setting sun. W.M. Bro. S.W., where is the Masters place? S.W. In the East, W.M. W.M. Why is he placed there? S.W. As the sun rises in the East to open the course of the day, so the W.M. is placed in the East to open the Lodge, to call the Brethren to labour and to supervise the work. W.M. Bro. S.W., what is your age in the first degree of Freemasonry? S.W. Three years, W.M. W.M. Bro. J.W., at what time do First Degree Freemasons start their labours? J.W.At mid-day, W.M. (twelve strokes on Gong) W.M. Bro. S.W., what time is it? S.W. It is mid-day, W.M. W.M. The age is correct and the hour has struck. What were you seeking Bro. S.W., when you first entered this Lodge? S.W. Light, W.M. W.M. Then let there be light, spreading from the East, for it was from the East that the first rays of morning sunlight dispersed the 11

darkness of night and brightened the awakening day. Brethren, to order. (All stand to order. The Deacon, armed with a sword, squares the Lodge. As he passes, the M.C., holding a lighted candle, follows and advances to the E. where they stop, standing diagonally opposite each other whilst the M.C. lights the W.M. s candle.) W.M. (Gavels once) May wisdom guide us in our labours. (The M.C. and Deacon, squaring the Lodge still diagonally opposite each other, go to the W. and the M.C. lights the S. W.s candle.) S.W. (Gavels once) May they be established in strength. (The M.C. and Deacon, squaring the Lodge still diagonally opposite each other, go to the S. and the M.C. lights the J. W. s candle.) J.W. (Gavels once) May they be adorned in Beauty. (The M.C. and Deacon return to their places taking care to square the Lodge, and the M.C. extinguishes his candle.) W.M. To the Glory of T.G.A.O.T.U. and in the name and under the auspices of the Grande Loge Nationale Franaise, I declare the labours of this Lodge of Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Masons, regularly constituted in the Province of Neustrie under the number 48 and named Duquesne, open in the first degree. (Gavels three times, repeated by S. W. and J. W.) Join with me Brethren, let us greet the opening of our labours by the sign, (discharges the sign) the Battery, (XXX) and the Triple Acclamation. Houzzai, Houzzai, Houzzai. (The Deacon attends to the Tracing Board, drawing the emblems of the First Degree, and returns to his place. The M.C. and Deacon then form an Arch in the East under which the Orator opens the V.S.L. at the First Chapter of the Gospel according to St. John, placed so that the Master may read, and arranges the S. and C. with the points towards the Master. All then return to their places.) W.M. Brethren, we have now turned our backs on the outside world and have left all vain thoughts at the entrance to the 12

Temple. Let us lift up our hearts in brotherly love and turn our eyes to the light. (Pause) Brethren, be seated. (All sit) W.M. Bro. Secretary, you will now read the Minutes of the last meeting. (The Secretary does so.) W.M. Brethren, has anyone aught to say concerning the minutes of the last meeting? (The Wardens look to their respective columns, as if a Brother wishes to make any comment, he turns towards the Warden of his column, remaining seated, and raises his right hand. The Warden then says, W.M., Bro. requests permission to speak to which the W.M. replies Bro. has permission. When no further comments are offered:) SW. (Gavels once) W.M. silence reigns in both columns. W.M. I call upon Bro. Orator to state his conclusions. Ora. They are favourable (or unfavourable). (N.B. In practice, the Orator always states that they are favourable as he is expressing the opinion of the majority of the members. He must never express his persona/feelings.) W.M. All those in agreement with Bro. Orators conclusions will signify their assent by raising their right hand at the sound of my gavel. (Gavels once) W.M. Are there any in disagreement? The Minutes of the last meeting are confirmed. This will be recorded in the Minutes of the present meeting. (The Minutes are then signed.) W.M. Are there any excuses from absent Brethren? (These are announced and noted by the Secretary.) W.M. Will the visiting Brethren please rise? (done) Brethren, I bid you a sincere and hearty welcome. (The W.M. may add any further words of welcome that may be appropriate.) LATE-COMERS (N.B. If the W.M. so desires, he may address the under-noted ritual questions to any members of the Lodge who arrive subsequently. Brethren must be received by the M.C. who should hand to them a card on which the appropriate replies are written.) 13

W.M. From whence come you? Reply From the Lodge of St. John. W.M. What does one do in a Lodge of St. John? Reply One makes crowns for Virtue and chains for Vice. W.M. What do you wish to do here? Reply Vanquish my passions, subdue my selfish will, and make further progress in Freemasonry. W.M. What do you bring with you? Reply Fraternal greetings to all my Brethren. W.M. (If the Brother is not an Officer of the Lodge) You are welcome Brother, please be seated. (Alternatively, if the Brother is an Officer of the Lodge) Do you occupy any office in this Lodge? Reply Yes, W.M. W.M. Go then, Brother and take your rightful place. You are welcome at all times.

CLOSING IN THE FIRST DEGREE W.M. (Gavels once, repeated by S. W. and J W. All remain seated.) Bros. S. and J.Ws., enquire of the Brethren in your respective Columns, as I enquire of those seated in the East whether they have any proposals to make in interests of the Order in general or of this Worshipful Lodge in particular. S.W. Pause. (Should any brother have a proposal to make, the procedure is as after the Minutes.The W.M. may then allow the proposal to be discussed, or else defer it). After the pause: S.W. (Gavels once) Silence reigns W.M W.M. Bro. MC., pass round the Lodge with the Bag of Propositions and Bro. Almoner, pass round and collect the Alms. (They obey, squaring the Lodge all the time, and having completed these duties they then stand between the Columns in front of the S. W.) W.M. Does any Brother require the Bag of Propositions or the Alms Bag? S.W. (Gavels once) Silence reigns in both columns, W.M. W.M. In that case, Bro. M.C. and Bro. Almoner, advance to the Altar. (They do so and hand the Bag of Propositions and the Alms Bag to the W.M. who examines and then returns them.) W.M. The Bag of Propositions is clean and unsullied and the Alms Bag contains a flat stone, the weight of which will be determined and recorded in the Minutes of this Meeting. (MC. and Almoner hand the Bags to the Treasurer and return to their seats.) W.M. Bro. S.W., are the Brethren satisfied? S.W. They are, W.M. W.M. Brethren, let us form the Chain of Union, (All remove their gloves, leave their places and form a circle on the floor of the Lodge, each holding a hand of the brother on either side, all with arms crossed, right over left, with the possible exception of the W.M. who must remain in his place, but may stand with arms open, if the Chain is too short for him to cross them.) W.M. May T.G.A.O.T.U. take us into His Holy Keeping throughout the watches of the night and the labours of the day, so 15

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that we may be prepared for the coming of that night when no man can work. All So mote it be. W.M. Brethren, let us leave the chain. (All shake three times, breaking on the third, return to their seats and replace their gloves.) W.M. Bro. SW., at what time is it customary for Entered Apprentice Freemasons to cease their Labours? S.W. At midnight, W.M. (twelve strokes on Gong) W.M. Bro. J.W., what time is it? J.W. Midnight, W.M. W.M. Bro. Deacon. (He approaches the W.M. who whispers to him to obtain the Sacred Word of the First Degree from the S.W. The Deacon does so, returns and whispers the word to the W.M.) W.M. The word is correct and the hour has struck. W.M. (Gavels once) Brethren, to order. (Done) May the light that illumined our labours continue to shine within us in the outside World and never be extinguished. W.M. (Gavels once and extinguishes his candle with his gavel.) May Peace reign on Earth. S.W. (Gavels once and extinguishes his candle with his gavel.) May firmness of heart accompany us. J.W. (Gavels once and extinguishes his candle with his gavel.) May love reign amongst us. W.M. Our labours are ended. W.M. To the Glory of T.G.A.O.T.U. and in the name and under the auspices of the Grande Loge Nationale Franaises, I declare closed the labours of this Lodge of Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Masons, regularly constituted in the Province of Neustrie under the number 48 and named Duquesne. (Gavels three times, repeated by S. W. and J. W.) Join with me Brethren, let us greet the opening of our labours by the sign, (discharges the sign) the Battery, (XXX) 16

and the Triple Acclamation. Houzzai, Houzzai, Houzzai. W.M. Let us swear to maintain silence on our labours of this day. (All present, including the W.M., stretch forth their right hands and say I swear.) (The Deacon attends to the Tracing Board, erasing the emblems of the First Degree, and returns to his place. The M.C. and Deacon then form an Arch in the East, under which the Orator closes the V.S.L. and places the S. and C. upon it. All then return to their places.) W.M. The Lodge being closed, let us now depart in peace. (The Brethren leave the Lodge in a dignified and informal manner, without a procession.)

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CEREMONY OF INITIATION Preliminaries In good time before the Lodge is opened the Tyler, or the Deacon takes the Candidate to the Cell of Meditation which is a small room painted black with just sufficient space for a table and chair, lighted by a single candle. It symbolizes a cave, on one wall of which is painted in silver letters the hermetic formula V.I.T.R.I.O.L. On the table is a skull, illuminated by a torch or candle. After the Candidate has been seated there for a short time, the Deacon enters and gives him pen, ink and a sheet of paper on which are the following questions that he must answer in writing: What is mans duty to his Creator? What is mans duty to himself? What is mans duty to his fellow-men? What is mans duty to his Mother Country? Having answered these questions, the Candidate must then write his last Will and Testament, emphasizing the spiritual and philosophic aspects. The Candidate is left alone in the Cell to do all this. The Deacon only returns to the Cell when ordered by the W.M. to fetch these papers. The Candidate is then prepared by the Tyler. The preparation consists of divesting him of all metal objects, money and jewels, which should be placed in a small basket, ready for the Deacon to take into the Lodge to escort the Candidate. His coat and waistcoat are then removed his left arm, left breast and right knee are made bare and his left foot slipshod. A cord is placed around his neck, with the ends hanging down in front, and he is hoodwinked. In the Temple should be prepared a basin of water for the ablution, a blow-pipe through which will be blown some powder of lichopodium to produce flames for the purification by fire, a glass of water and a bottle containing a bitter potion. The Obstacle Board should be placed in the N.E. corner of the Temple and the 18

Rocker in the S.W. Corner. (The Candidate must be purified by the four elements earth, air, water and fire.) The Candidates Apron, on a Cushion, should be placed where it is convenient for the M.C. The M.C. should ascertain the Candidates personal details that he will have to announce when introducing him into the Lodge. RECEPTION OF THE CANDIDATE W.M. Bro. Deacon, go and ascertain whether the Neophyte has made his last Will and Testament. (The Deacon retires, saluting as he leaves the Temple, goes to the Cell of Meditation, affixes the Candidates answers and last Will and Testament to the point of his sword, places the metal objects in a small basket, and takes them back with him into the Temple. He offers the point of his sword to the W.M., who removes the papers; he places the basket on the desk of the Treasurer, and then returns to his seat.) W.M. Brethren, I will read to you the Neophytes answers to the usual questions, also his last Will and Testament. (Does so) Brethren, are you satisfied? All We are, W.M. W.M. Bro. Treasurer, have the dues been paid? Tre. They have, W.M. W.M. Bro. M.C., attend to your duty. (The M.C. retires, saluting as he leaves the Temple, and brings the Candidate to the door , on which he gives several irregular knocks, i.e. any knocks that are not masonic.) SW. (Gavels once) W.M., someone from the outside world knocks at the door of the Temple. W.M. Bro. I.G. find out who is the intruder who dares thus to disturb us in our labours. I.G. (I.G. rises, presents arms, discharges, goes to door with his sword at the Carry position and opens the door, but remains inside.) Who is that who dares thus attempt to penetrate into our Temple? 19

M.C. (From outside but speaking so that he can be heard inside) A poor pilgrim in a state of darkness, regularly examined and accepted by this Worshipful Lodge for initiation, humbly soliciting to be admitted amongst Freemasons. W.M. How dares he entertain such expectation? M.C. Because he is a free man and of high principles. W.M. If he is indeed a free man and of high principles, enquire his name, birthplace, age, occupation and residence. M.C. His name is .............................. He was born at .................. on the ............................... day of 20 ............. He is by occupation a (n) ................................... and he resides at .................................. W.M. Admit the Neophyte. (The M.C. leads in the Candidate, making him bend his head very low as if passing through a small opening. He is placed in front of the S. W. facing East. The door is closed noiselessly.) I.G. (Applying the point of his sword to the Candidates naked left breast) The prick of this sword to your flesh which you feel so sharply on your naked breast symbolizes the prick of your conscience that you will feel should you ever betray the Order to which you seek admittance. The state of darkness in which you are now, symbolizes the state in which all men are plunged who ignore the path of truth that you are about to follow. (I.G. returns to his seat.) W.M. What is it that you seek here? Can. (Prompted by M.C.) I seek admission to the Brotherhood of Free masons. W.M. Is it by your own free will and desire, unbiased by any improper solicitations, that you present yourself amongst us? Can. It is. W.M. Think well about the step you wish to take. Many fearful ordeals await you, demanding all the courage and firmness of heart, of which only the most determined are capable. Are you resolved to undergo these trials? Do you consider yourself capable of facing all the ordeals in which your quest may endanger you? 20

Can. I do. W.M. (Gavels once) Let the Candidate kneel. (Pauses whilst the I.G. places the k.s. in position.) Brethren, to order. (Done) Bow your heads and let us invoke the blessing of Heaven on our labours. Oh Thou Almighty One and only G.A.O.T.U., spread thy radiant protection over our labours, and grant to this Candidate the necessary manliness and firmness of heart, to devote his life to Thy Service, so that he may become amongst us an orderly and sincere Brother. Strengthen him with Thy Divine Wisdom that, acquiring the secrets of the art of Freemasonry, he may attain to the full beauty of Truth, to the honour of our Order and to the Glory not of us, not of us, but of Thy Holy Name. All S.M.I.B. W.M. Let the Candidate rise (I.G. removes the k.s.) Brethren, be seated. (To Candidate) Before this Assembly consents to make you face the ordeals that await you, we wish to sound your heart and examine your mind on the principles of morality. How do you interpret the word Freedom? (M.C. warns the Candidate not to answer as the answers will be given for him.) S.W. W.M., Freedom is the power to act, or not to act, according to the decision of our will. For each of us, Freedom is the possibility to do all things that are not contrary to our moral duties, nor encroach on the rights of our fellow-men. It is also the right to avail ourselves of the advantages that are granted by law to all men. W.M. What is Morality? J.W. W.M., Morality is the knowledge that rests on human reason. It is the law, unchanging and universal, that rules all wise and free men. It is the conscience, expounded by science, the very highest science, obliging us to accomplish our duties, and wisely to avail ourselves of our rights. It also appeals to the purest feelings of our hearts, thus to ensure the victory of reason and virtue. W.M. What is Virtue? 21

S.W. W.M., Virtue is the power to do that which is completely right. It depends upon the accomplishment of ones duty. Virtue is social when it is for the welfare of ones Mother Country, of its Government, or of Mankind. It is personal when it is practised without self- interest or vanity, for the welfare of individual persons. It is domestic in duties undertaken in matters concerning the family. Virtue, in the full meaning of the word, does not fear to face sacrifices, nor even death itself, when it is in the accomplishment of ones duty. W.M. What is Vice? J.W. W.M., Vice is when duty yields to our passions. It is the satisfaction of mans darkest yearnings, a treacherous mirror that shows us unclean joys as though they were beautiful, low though tempting obstacles on the path to virtue, which vice strives to distort, a danger against which one must fortify oneself, with all the power of reason and all the strength of will, and which one can only destroy, by adopting those clean and pure joys that life, abounding with Wisdom and Virtue, gives to mankind. W.M. (To Candidate) Neophyte, you see it is to put a salutary curb on the impulses of our vile passions, so tempting when not restrained by reason; it is to raise ourselves above the contemptible interests that enslave too many men, that we foregather in our Temples. We work together, without respite, for our improvement; we try to accustom our hearts to indulge only in worthy affections, and our minds to conceive only the sound ideas of merit and virtue. It is only by thus regulating ones inclinations by the principles of eternal morality, that one succeeds in imparting to ones soul, that just balance of power and sensibility that constitutes Wisdom, that is to say, the knowledge of life. But this work is arduous, and demands many sacrifices that you will be obliged to accept, if you are admitted amongst us. You must take upon yourself, from now on, the firm resolution to devote yourself to your moral perfection. Do you persist in the desire you have manifested, to be admitted 22

into Freemasonry? (N.B. The Candidate should not be prompted directly, but if necessary, may be told that if he still wishes to proceed, he should answer 'I do.) W.M. Every Institution has its Rules and Regulations that have to be observed. As it would be imprudent for you to accept any of them, without knowing what they entail, we consider it wise to impart to you, the duties that will be demanded. The first of these duties is to maintain complete silence about anything you may hear or discern, when with us, and about anything you may see, hear or learn subsequently. The second duty, which is the very essence of our Order, is to endeavour to vanquish the passions that dishonour the man who succumbs to them, to practise the purest and most beneficial virtues; to succour a Brother, to speed to his help, to assist him in his troubles, and to guide him with advice. These virtues which, in the outside World, are regarded as rare and beautiful qualities, are considered by Freemasons to be the simple accomplishment of their duty. Every occasion on which you can help a Brother, but fail to do so, is unfaithfulness to that Brother. Every refusal to help a Brother, is a crime against your oath, and if a harmonious and peaceful friendliness reigns in our Lodges, it is not only because it is sweet, but because, being a duty, it becomes a virtue. The third duty is to obey the Constitutions and the Rules and regulations or our Order. I may furthermore assure you, that they never prescribe anything incompatible with your religious duties, nor with the laws of the State, nor with social conventions. Now that you know these principal duties, are you firmly prepared to perform them in all sincerity? Can. I am. W.M. In that case, and before proceeding any further, I must ask you to take an oath on your honour, and with the Cup of Libations. Do you agree? Can. I do. 23

W.M. If you are sincere, you may drink without fear, but should you in taking your oath, hide falseness and hypocrisy then do not take the oath. Thrust aside the cup or the results may be dire. Do you still persist? Can. I do. W.M. Lead the Neophyte to the Altar. (The M.C. accompanied by the Deacon leads the Candidate to the Altar.) W.M. Bro. M.C., hand the Neophyte the Cup of Libations, so dangerous for perjurers. (The M.C. then places a cup of pure water in the Candidates hand and tells him to drink a little. The Candidate obeys and the M. C. then takes the cup from the Candidate and pours a few drops of bitter aloes into it, after which he places the Candidates right hand on the V.S.L.) (Gavels once) Bro. Secretary, you will now read aloud the Oath. Brethren, to order. (Done) Sec. Repeat after me I hereby pledge myself, on my honour, to keep absolute silence, on all the various trials I am about to undergo. If! drink from this cup with false intentions, desirous of violating my oath, or if I am inspired with the slightest feeling of curiosity, may the sweet contents of this cup turn to bitterness, and become for me a deadly poison. (M.C. removes Candidates right hand from the V.S.L.) W.M. Drink again. (Candidate does so.) Lead away the Neophyte. Brethren, be seated. (The M.C., still accompanied by the Deacon, leads the Candidate and places him between the columns in front of the S. W.) W.M. The bitter taste that the contents of the cup may have left on your lips, proves that in all human intentions, however pure they may be, there is always a particle of curiosity and egotism. But we accept your oath. I shall not, however, hide from you, that to become one of us, you will have to undergo very dangerous trials. You have probably heard of these in the outside world. But whatever you may have heard, is fraught with far less peril than you will have to face here. Think well, Neophyte, as once you 24

start, you will not have the strength to retreat. Therefore answer before it is too late. Do you still persist? Can. Ido. W.M. Have you considered your decision? For the last time I warn you; very dire are these trials, and many have failed on the way, not having the strength to proceed. So now pronounce your own verdict. Do you wish to return to the outside world, or do you persist in your desire to be admitted into Freemasonry? Can. I desire to be admitted into Freemasonry. W.M. (Gavels once) Bro. Deacon, guide the Neophyte through his first journey. Do your best to see that he returns safe and sound. (The obstacle board is placed in the N.E. corner and the rocker in the S. W. corner , preferably by a Brother not involved in the ceremony. During the Initiation Ceremony, the Candidate is purified by the four elements, Earth, Air, W ater and Fire, the first two symbolically - Earth, as he journeys bent low from the Cell of Meditation to the interior of the Lodge; Air, as he falls down through the air on the rocker during the first journey. The Deacon, assisted by the M.C. when necessary, removes the cord from around the Candidates neck and then leads him clockwise, from W. to E. through the N., over a board with obstacles nailed on it. During the journey, all the Brethren make a great tumult, stamping their feet and clashing their swords. The Deacon then leads the Candidate to the East of the J. W. and immediately all noise ceases. The Deacon taps the J. W. s right shoulder three times with the Candidates right hand. The J. W. rises and presses his Gavel against the Candidates left breast.) J.W. Who goes there? Dea. A Neophyte seeking to become a Freemason. J.W. How dares he entertain such expectation? Dea. Because he is a free man and of high principles. J.W. If he is indeed a free man and of high principles let him pass on and undergo trial by air. (The Deacon leads the Candidate over a rocker and places him between the Columns. During this time, 25

the tumult continues, but it ceases as soon as the Candidate arrives between the Columns.) J.W. (Gavels once) W.M., the first journey is completed. W.M. Neophyte, what thoughts did your journey awake in you? What does it symbolize in your mind? In this first journey, the tumult and thunderous noise you heard, are emblematic of the life of man; the conflict of opposite endeavours, the difficulty in overcoming the obstacles placed in your path by enemies. Do you still wish to run the risk of a further journey? Can. I do. W.M. Bro. Deacon, guide the Neophyte through his second journey. (This journey is also accomplished clockwise, from W. to E. through the N. and returning by the S. During this journey there is no noise except the clash of swords. The Deacon then leads the Candidate to the South of the S. W. and immediately all noise ceases. The Deacon taps the S. W. s right shoulder three times with the Candidates right hand. The S.W. rises and presses his Gavel against the candidate s left breast.) SW. Who goes there? Dea. A Neophyte seeking to become a Freemason. S.W. How dares he entertain such expectation? Dea. Because he is a free man and of high principles. SW. If he is indeed a free man and of high principles, let him pass on and undergo trial by water. (At these words, the M.C. remaining on the South of the S. W. plunges the Candidate s left hand thrice in a container of water and, after it has been wiped, the Deacon leads him to a place between the Columns. The M.C. remains in the W. until he goes with the Candidate to the centre of the Lodge for the blood shedding ) SW. (Gavels once) W.M., the second journey is completed. W.M. Neophyte, what thoughts did this new symbolical journey bring? During this journey, you ran into much less difficulty, and you met no obstacles. It is thus in life; the obstacles disappear little by little, under the steps of him who perseveres in the path of 26

virtue. Nevertheless, he is not yet totally delivered from the battle he is obliged to fight, in order to triumph over his passions, and over those of his fellow-men. These fights are symbolized by the noise of swords in battle. (Pause) You have overcome many difficulties, but none of them can compare with those that await you. Therefore, summon up all your strength, but should you fail in this last journey, we shall all weep and deplore the fate that, alas, so much perseverance did not succeed in over coming. W.M. Bro. Deacon, guide the Neophyte through his third journey. (During the journey, the path is again smooth, free of all obstacles and is accomplished in complete silence. The Candidate is conducted clockwise from W. to F. through the N. and on arriving in the F. is led to the W.M. on whose right shoulder the Deacon taps three times with the Candidates right hand. The W.M. rises and presses his gavel to the Candidates left breast.) W.M. Who goes there? Dea. A Neophyte, seeking to become a Freemason. W.M. How dares he entertain such expectation? Dea. Because he is a free man and of high principles. W.M. If he is indeed a free man and of high principles, let him pass through the purifying fire, that no particle of his worldly condition may survive. (The Candidate is led back to the W. passing through the flames which are produced by the J. W. or other Officer blowing lighted Lichopodium through a pipe Purification by fire.) SW. (Gavels once) W.M., the third journey is completed. W.M. The flames through which you passed unimpaired completed your purification. May the flames of love tor mankind ever warm your heart. From now on, let charity inspire your thoughts and guide your actions. Never forget that sublime precept of morality, Do not unto others, that which you would they should not do unto you. I imprint on your heart this other precept 27

taught by Freemasonry, Do unto others, that which you would they should do unto you. (Pause) I wish to express our admiration of the courage you have shown, but you will still need courage as your trials are not yet ended. The day will come when you will be obliged to shed your last drop of blood in defence of the Order. Are you prepared to make such a sacrifice, and have you the necessary courage to give us proof of this, otherwise than by words? If so, you must seal your oath with your own blood, shed before us. Do you agree? Can. I do. W.M. Bro. Surgeon, do your duty, but take into consideration the endurance of the Neophyte. The Lodge counts on your utmost prudence. Bro. Deacon, lead the Neophyte to the centre of the Lodge and make him take up the required position. (Deacon does so, and the M.C. stands on the left of the Candidate. There is a noise of sharpening knives.) Alm. Mercy, W.M., the blood of a man is too precious to be wasted. All Mercy! Mercy! W.M. So be it if the Brethren so desire. But remember Neophyte, that if ever you are called upon to shed your blood, let it be for a just and sacred cause. W.M. Bro. Deacon, teach the Neophyte the first three steps of a Freemason, with which he must approach the Holy Altar and take his Obligation. Dea. The method of approaching the Holy Altar is by three steps, each a little longer than the preceding one, by advancing the l.f. and bringing the r.h. to the l.h. so as to form a square. (The Deacon assists the Candidate to advance in this manner and on arriving at the Altar, stands on his right. The M.C. stands on the left of the Candidate.) W.M. Kneel on your r.k.; take these Cs. in your l.h. and apply one point to your n.l.b.; give me your r.h. which I place on the V.S.L. 28

and the S. and C. (N.B. The Cs. are held with the upper pt. on the n.l.b.) (The M.C. and Deacon cross wand and sword over the Candidate's head, forming a square.) W.M. (Gavels once) Brethren, to order. (Done) The Neophyte is about to take his Obligation. (To Candidate) Neophyte, repeat after me this, your Solemn Obligation. I hereby promise and swear, solemnly and with a pure heart, in the presence of T.G.A.O.T.U. and of this Worshipful Lodge of Freemasons, never to reveal in any manner, any of the mysteries of Freemasonry, that shall now, or in the future, be entrusted to me, except to a true and lawful Brother, or in a just, perfect, and regularly constituted Lodge, working according to the laws, usages, and customs 01 ancient freemasons. I further promise and swear never to write those mysterious secrets, engrave, carve, indite, mark or otherwise them delineate. I also promise to respect my Brethren, to succour them, and to help them in time of need. On the violation of my oath, may my throat be cut across, my tongue torn out by the root and may I be buried in the sand at low water mark till the tide carries me out to eternal oblivion. So help me T.G.A.O.T.U. and keep me steadfast in this my S.O. of an E.A. Freemason. (The Deacon helps the Candidate to rise.) W.M. Bro. Deacon, you will place the Neophyte between the Columns. (Whilst this is being done, another Brother lies down on the steps leading to the Masters pedestal, after removing his regalia and his coat. A blood-stained cloth is placed on his breast. The two Brethren nearest to him point their swords at him. The other Brethren remain standing, but those with swords discharge the sign and hold their swords in their right hands pointed at the Candidate. The M.C. lights two candles on the steps leading to the East and extinguishes the Lodge lights. The W.M. gavels thrice and on the third stroke, the hoodwink is removed.) Sec. Woe to him who violates his word! J.W. Woe to him who seeks to enter where he has no right to go! 29

S.W. Woe to him who is unworthy of the confidence placed in him! W.M. These pale funereal lights are sombre fires, emphasizing the retribution that awaits each miserable perjurer. These swords, pointed towards your breast, indicate the number of irreconcilable enemies, ever ready to pierce your heart, should you ever violate your solemn Obligation. In whatever corner of the earth you may hide yourself, seeking safety, however important a position you may occupy in the outside world, never will you find shelter. The whole world over, the news of your criminal perjury, and of your renouncement, will forestall you, spreading like lightning, and wherever you may be, the hand of vengeance will reach you, and right fearful will be your punishment. W.M. (Gavels once, upon which the hoodwink is replaced on the Candidate and the M.C. turns on the Lodge lights.) Brethren, be seated. (The Brother lying on the steps rises, puts on his coat and regalia and resumes his seat.) W.M. Bro. MC., conduct the Neophyte out of the Temple and let him restore himself to his personal comforts, then lead him back, hoodwinked, to the door of the Temple, where he must knock as an E.A. (Deacon goes back to his place as the M.C. and Candidate leave the Lodge. They retire without saluting. When the Candidate is ready and hoodwinked, the M.C. leads him to the door and assists him to knock as an E.A.) S.W. (Gavels once but remains seated.) W.M., someone knocks at the door of the Temple. W.M. Bro. I.G. see who seeks admission. I.G. (Rises, presents arms, discharges, goes to door with his sword at the carry position, but then closes it immediately and announces.) W.M., it is the M.C., bringing with him the Neophyte, who is in search of Truth and Light and who requests entry into the Temple. W.M. Brethren, prepare to receive the Neophyte. Form the Chain of Union. (All except the W.M., Wardens and the I.G. remove their 30

gloves, leave their places and form a circle on the floor of the Lodge, each holding a hand of the Brother on either side, with arms crossed right over left, but leaving a space in the West for the Candidate to enter the Chain. The Proposer and Seconder of the Candidate do not join the Chain, but stand in the West and place themselves behind the Candidate immediately he takes his place in it.) W.M. (When all is ready.) Bro. I.G., admit the M.C. and the Neophyte. (I.G. does so, closes the door and returns to his place. The M.C. leads in the Candidate, assists him to take his place in the Chain and stands behind him.) M.C. W.M., the Neophyte is in the Chain of Union and, awaits the benefit of Light. W.M. Neophyte, I wish to ask you one last question. You have known many men and perhaps you have enemies. If you should find any in this Lodge, or amongst other Freemasons, would you be willing to extend the hand of friendship and to forget the past? Can. (Not prompted unless absolutely essential.) I would. W.M. We note your promise and will remind you of it if necessary. On the third stroke of my gavel, let there be light! (Gavels three times and on the third stroke, the MC. removes the hoodwink and retires a few paces, leaving the Proposer and Seconder just behind the Candidate.) W.M. Neophyte, you will see that the appearance of this assembly has completely changed and no longer are any swords turned against you. The Brethren have formed a Chain, which represents the Union of all Brethren throughout the World. Look and if you see any enemy amongst us, carry out your promise. (Pause) W.M. It is not only face to face that you meet the enemies who are mostly to be feared. Leave the Chain of Union, Bro. .................. turn and look behind you. (Candidate turns around and sees his Proposer and Seconder, who embrace him and join him in the Chain.) W.M. Our hands unite you to us and to the Altar of Truth. The 31

hand-clasps confirm that we shall not forsake you as long as you maintain as sacred, Truth, Justice, Discretion and Brotherly Love. Brethren, leave the Chain. (All shake three times, breaking on the third, return to their seats and replace their gloves, with the exception of the Deacon, who stands on the right of the Candidate, and the M.C. who stands on his left, replacing their gloves before doing so.) W.M. Bro. S.W., you on whom lies the responsibility for one of our columns, now that the spiritual strength and courage of the Neophyte has finally brought him victory in the long struggle between those lacking initiation and those having the benefit of it, do you consider him worthy to be admitted as one of us? S.W. I do, W.M. W.M. (To Candidate) Neophyte, we accepted your Obligation and we believe in your absolute sincerity. You have reached the happy hour of faith and friendship. From now on, those you see around you are Brothers and friends, ready to fly to your assistance, and with their swords, to defend your honour and your life. W.M. Bro. Deacon, conduct the Neophyte before the Throne. (Deacon and M.C. do so, the Deacon standing on the right of the Candidate and the M. C. on his left.) W.M. Brethren, to order. (Done) (The W.M. takes his sword in one hand and in the other hand he holds his gavel) W.M. To the Glory of T.G.A.O.T.U. and in the name and under the auspices of the Grande Loge Nationale Franaise, I hereby make (R.S.), create (L.S.), and constitute you (H) now and for ever, an Entered Apprentice Freemason in the First Degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite and as such a Member of this Worshipful Lodge, regularly constituted in the Province of Neustrie under the number 48 and named Duquesne. (The W.M. gives three blows on the sword with his gavel, over the head of the Candidate.) W.M. Brother, for henceforth you will not otherwise be known to us, approach and receive from me a fraternal embrace on behalf of 32

all the members of the Lodge. (Done) Place our newly initiated Brother between the Columns. (Deacon and M.C. do so, the Deacon standing on the right of the Candidate and the M.C. on his left.) W.M. Brethren, be seated. (Pause) Brother ..........................all Freemasons have signs, grips and words whereby to distinguish one another. Pay attention to Bro. Master of Ceremonies, who will demonstrate them. You will copy his example. (M.C. and Candidate turn to face each other.) W.M. there are two signs, the sign standing to order and the penal sign. But I must first inform you that all straight lines, especially those forming right-angles, are distinguishing signs in Freemasonry. The first sign, standing to order, is made thus: (NB. The M.C. should make certain that the Candidate correctly obeys these instructions.) stand erect, your feet formed in a square, place your right hand to the centre of your throat, fore fingers joined together and the thumb extended in the form of a square, the forearm horizontal and your left arm at your side. This sign alludes to the oath you took and also reminds you that your bodily passions should never veil your intellect and so lead you to thoughtless acts. The second or penal sign is given by drawing the hand swiftly across the throat and dropping it to the side, thus again forming a.s. and indicating that you would rather have your throat slit across than improperly disclose the secrets entrusted to you. The grip is given by a slight pressure of the thumb on the first knuckle of the right hand, the p. being applied three times. (N.B. The M.C. should exchange the grip with the Candidate.) The Sacred Word is B.............. This Word is derived from the left hand column at the porch way of K.S.T. It can be pronounced in full only during the Ceremony of Initiation. When you are asked to give the Sacred Word, you must answer in the manner in which Bro. Master of Ceremonies will now instruct you. Repeat it after him. Give me the Sacred Word. M.C. (Allowing time for the Candidate to repeat each phrase after 33

him.) I can neither read nor write, I can only spell. Give me the first letter, I will give you the second. W.M. B Can. (Prompted by M.C.) W.M. Can. (N.B. The word is always lettered and never spoken in full) W.M. I inform you that your age as an E.A. Freemason is three years. The W.Ts. of an E.A. Freemason are the Chisel and Mallet. Go now, Brother, to the J.W. and to the SW. and prove yourself an E.A. Freemason by the sign, grip and word. (The M.C. resumes his seat and the Deacon conducts the Candidate to the J. W. and prompts him. The Candidate salutes the J. W. and, when the J. W. rises, gives him the grip.) J.W. Give me the Sacred Word. Can. I can neither read nor write, I can only spell. Give me the first letter, I will give you the second. J.W. B Can. J.W. Can. J.W. Pass to the Senior Warden. (The J. W. resumes his seat and the Deacon then conducts the Candidate to the S. W. and prompts him. The Candidate salutes the S. W. and when the S. W. rises, gives him the grip.) SW. Give me the Sacred Word. Can. I can neither read nor write, E can only spell. Give me the first letter, I will give you the second. SW. B Can. S.W. Can. (SW. sits and the Deacon places the Candidate between the Columns.) 34

SW. (Gavels once) W.M., the sign, grip and word of the newly initiated Brother are just and perfect. W.M. The time has come my Brother for you to carry out the second duty you undertook. In this Lodge we have certain Brothers in distress and also there are widows and orphans in need of assistance. We consider ourselves entitled to call upon your generosity. Bro. Almoner, attend to your duty. Alm. (Approaches the Candidate with the Alms Box.) Have you anything to give to those in need and in distress? Have you been divested of all metals, money and jewels? Can. I have. Alm. Would you otherwise have given willingly? Can. I would. Aim. (Turns towards the W.M. and gives Sign.) W.M., the newly initiated Brother has been divested of all metals, money and jewels, otherwise he would have given willingly. (Discharges Sign and returns to his seat.) W.M. I welcome your willingness. We wanted openly to test your attitude and to show the Brethren that there were no metals, money nor jewels on you, for had there been the smallest piece found, we should have been obliged to recommence the whole ceremony of your Initiation. Finally, we wanted to prepare your heart, should you ever meet a Brother in distress, that you would remember the day of your initiation when you stood amongst us, poorly dressed, divested of all worldly possessions and happily represented the benefactor so highly venerated by all Freemasons. W.M. (Gavels once) After this last trial, I delegate you, Bro. SW., to invest Bro ......................... with the distinguishing badge of a Freemason. (M.C. takes the Apron on a Cushion, presents it to the W.M., then gives it to the S. W. and remains there.) S.W. (Invests Candidate with the Apron and turns up the flap.) Wear now this Apron with which I have invested you, my very dear Brother, and wear it always with pride. It is the honourable and essential ornament of all Freemasons, being for us the symbol 35

of honest labour Be careful always to wear it each time you enter a Lodge and, whilst you are an Entered Apprentice, always keep the flap turned up. Its whiteness is the emblem of purity, of innocence, and of candour. Remember always never to disgrace this Apron, for let me assure you that it will never disgrace you. (N.B. The S. W. does NOT hold the corner of the apron and neither he nor the Brethren strike their aprons. Deacon places Candidate between the Columns.) W.M. Wear your Apron, Bro and forever keep it clean. It gives you the right to be amongst us and as Bro. SW. has said, you must never enter the Lodge without it. W.M. (Gavels once) Brethren, to order. (Done) To the Glory of T.G.A.O.T.U. and in the name and under the auspices of the Grande Loge Nationale Francaise, I declare Bro ..................... standing between the Columns, an Entered Apprentice Freemason, and as such, a member of this Lodge, regularly constituted in the Province of Neustrie under the number 48 and named Duquesne. I call upon you, Brethren, to recognize him from now on as a Freemason and should the occasion arise, to afford him brotherly help, well-knowing that he himself will never forget the obligation he has this day taken towards us. Bros. S. and J.W.s., inform the Brethren in your respective Columns, as I inform those with me in the East, that they must now, together with me, welcome by a triple battery, the worthy acquisition made today by the Order of Freemasonry in general and by this Lodge in particular, in the person of Bro , standing between the Columns. SW. (Gavels once) Bro. J.W. and you Brethren in the South, the W.M. calls upon us to welcome, together with him, the worthy acquisition made today by the Order of Freemasonry in general and by this Worshipful Lodge in particular, in the person of Bro .........................now standing between the Columns. J.W. (Gavels once) Brethren in the North, the W.M. calls upon us to welcome, together with him, the worthy acquisition made today by the Order of Freemasonry in general and by this Worshipful 36

Lodge in particular, in the person of Bro ........................., standing between the Columns. W.M. Join with me Brethren, let us greet the opening of our labours by the sign, (discharges the sign) the Battery, (XXX) and the Triple Acclamation. Houzzai, Houzzai, Houzzai. W.M. Bro. M.C., place our newly-initiated Brother at the head of the Column in the North. It is his privilege to occupy that place today. In future, he will be seated according to his rank. (Done) Brethren, be seated. Bro. Deacon, commit to the flames the answers to the questions and the last Will and Testament of our newly-initiated Brother, likewise the reports of the Brethren who interviewed him, then give him all the objects of which he was divested. (The Deacon burns the documents on the point of his sword, takes the Candidates belongings from the desk of the Treasurer and returns them to the Candidate.) W.M. 1 now call upon Bro. Orator to present Bro .......................... with a piece of architecture. (The Orator must always have ready a piece of architecture relating to the Ceremony of Initiation, which he now presents. The following address is suitable, but is not mandatory) Ora. Brother A.B., it gives me much pleasure to welcome you to our fraternity and to wish you many years of happiness in Freemasonry. You have today passed through the Ceremony of Initiation, but it has been truly said that initiation can be given to no one and each must seek it for himself. We can only show you the path, it is you who must make your way along it. Let me therefore recommend to your most serious contemplation the V.S.L., Charging you to consider it the unerring standard of truth and justice, and to regulate your actions by the Divine precepts it contains. Therein you are taught the important duties you owe to God, to your neighbour, and to yourself. To God, by never mention mg his name, save with that awe and reverence due from the creature to his Creator, by imploring His 37

Divine aid in all your lawful under takings, and by looking up to Him in every emergency for guidance, comfort, and support. To your neighbour, by acting towards him on the square, by rendering him every kind office that justice or mercy may require, by relieving his necessities and soothing his afflictions, in short, by doing unto him as in similar cases, you would wish that he should do unto you. And to yourself, by such a prudent and wellregulated course of discipline as may best conduce to the preservation of your bodily and mental faculties in their fullest energy, thereby enabling you to devote those talents with which God has blessed you, as well to His glory as to the welfare of your fellow-creatures. The swords that surrounded you during the ceremony are emblematic of the universality of Freemasonry, for wherever it shall please the will of Providence to cast your lot, whether you sojourn in civilized Europe, visit the icebound regions of the North, or languish under the burning sun above the trackless sands of an African desert, whether you traverse the banks of the Nile, the Ganges, the Euphrates, or the Mississippi, whether you dwell amid the immeasurable wilds of the scattered Indian tribes across the mighty Atlantic, among wandering Arabs, roaming Tartars, or the far distant Chinese, aye, even on the battlefield itself, you will everywhere find a Brother who will greet you in the universal language of Freemasonry. His door will be open to receive you, his couch ready to rest your weary limbs, your parched lips will kiss his sparkling cup, and his bread will be broken with you in that true Brotherly Love that, in every place, shows itself as characteristic of our Order. Thus, over the whole surface of the globe, by means of Signs and Tokens that have been carefully preserved and handed down amongst Freemasons from generation to generation, you will in every nation find a Brother, and in every clime, a home. I must warn you, however, that although Freemasonry is universally spread over the whole surface of the globe and 38

although the principles on which it is founded are unchanged and unchangeable wherever it is practised, the outward forms and ceremonies vary to a considerable extent and many different rituals are in use. You have today been given a unique and honourable privilege that has been granted only to a small number of Freemasons, that of being initiated in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite as practised by the Grande Loge Nationale Francaise but in a ceremony worked in the English language. You are now entitled to request admittance to any regular Lodge in the entire World, if open in the First Degree of Freemasonry. In a Lodge that does not practise the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, the Signs, Tokens and Words may differ from those taught in this Lodge, the regalia may be different and the ceremonies unlike any you have previously known. Before you visit another Lodge, therefore, I strongly recommend that you seek guidance from your sponsors, from me, or from any other member of this Lodge. Brother A.B., I congratulate you on becoming a member of our ancient and honourable Institution and I trust that your sojourn amongst us will be long and happy. (Orator resumes his seat.) W.M. Bro ......................... that concludes the Ceremony of your Initiation. (W.M. should now, in an informal manner, request the Deacon to bring forward the Candidate, so that he may present him with a copy of the Constitutions and General Regulations, the By-laws of the Lodge, the Annuaire Maonnique and the Ritual of the First Degree. Afterwards, the Deacon and the Candidate return to their seats without squaring the Lodge.)

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INSTRUCTION BY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (CATECHISM) FIRST DEGREE OF THE ANCIENT & ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE All candidates for passing to the Second degree must be able to show by their answers that they understand the basic significance of the following questions and answers. Certain replies must be word perfect, as they refer to the Ritual, and are used for proving a brother when visiting. These are underlined. For the other questions, the spirit of the answer is more important than the actual words used Q Brother, whence come you ? A From the Lodge of Saint John. Q To what goal does a Lodge of Saint John labour ? A Building a Temple to Virtue and pits for vice. Q Why come you here ? A To vanquish my passions, subdue my selfish will, and make further progress in Masonry. Q Are you a Freemason ? A My brethren consider me as such. Q Why do you so reply ? A Because, as an entered apprentice freemason, I must be wary of myself, and avoid making judgements, before consulting my brethren. Q What is a Freemason ? A A man born free, and of high principles, well intentioned toward both rich and poor, if they be virtuous. 40

Q What is meant by "born free" ? A The freeborn man is he who has left the world of the commonly held vulgar ideas of the uninitiated, and has undergone rebirth in the New Life conferred on him by his Initiation. Q Why do you say that a Mason is well-intentioned toward both rich and poor if they be virtuous ? A To indicate that anindividual's worth should be appreciated according to his moral values. Praise is due only in as much as a man's constancy and energy are applied to the achievement of good. Q What are the duties of a Mason ? A To flee from vice and practise Virtue. Q How must a Mason practise Virtue ? A By placing justice and truth above all other things. Q Where were you received as a Freemason ? A In a Lodge which was just and perfect. Q What makes a lodge just and perfect ? A Three that direct it, Five that enlighten it, Seven that make it just and perfect. Q Can you elaborate on that reply ? A Three are the Worshipful Master, the Senior and Junior Wardens. Together with the Orator and the Secretary, they form the "Five Lights" of the Lodge. But seven members of the Lodge must be present to open the labours and ti initiate. Three at least of the seven must possess the degree of Master Mason, and two more must have attained at least the degree of fellow-crafts; Q Since when have you been a freemason ? A Since I received the Light. 41

Q How can you be proved a mason ? A By my signs, word and tokens. Q How are a Mason's signs made ? A By straight lines, and especially levels, perpendiculars and right angles. Q Explain your answer. A As those instruments are indispensable for an edifice to be solid and durable, they recall the rules I am to follow.The square for uprightness; the level and the perpendicular for justice towards my fellows. Q Stand to order, and give the sign. A (does so; see appendix) Q What does that signify ? A That I would rather have my throat cut across than improperly disclose the secrets entrusted to me. Q Give me the Sacred Word of an E.A. A I can neither read nor write; I can only spell. Give me the first letter, I will give you the second. (Etc) Q Why do you say that you can neither read nor write ? What is the reason for your ignorance ? A The emblematical language used by Freemasonry, the sense of which becomes clear only gradually for the Initiate, who, at the outset of his career , can spell out but with difficultywhat will, at a later stage, be straightforward knowledge for him. Q What does our manner of lettering the ord imply ? A That Freemasonry teaches by encouraging its members to make efforts of a spiritual nature, and not by inculcating dogma. 42

The E.A. is set on the path to Truth with the first letter of the word. He must find the second letter by his own efforts; then he can be given the third, to enable him to discover the fourth. Q What is meant by a Mason's wages ? A Recompense for labour and its effect on the Craftsmen. Q What form do a Mason's wages take ? A Gradual improvement of one's self. Q What is the form of your L.odge ? A An oblong. Q Its length ? A From East to West. Q Its width ? A From South to North. Q Its height ? A From the Zenith to the Nadir. Q What do these dimensions imply ? A That Freemasonry is universal. Q Why does the Lodge lie from East to West ? A As with all the ancient holy edifices, to remind adepts that Light comes from the East. A Mason's duty is to follow the path that leads to the conquest of Truth. Q What do you understand by the word Lodge ? A A secret place that shelters Masons, that their labours may remain unseen.

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Q Why should they ? A Because all efforts to be deployed for the sake of doing good in the outer world have first to be examined in concert in the inner realm. Q To what can a Lodge be compared, when it it is duly tyled and its precincts guarded ? A To an egg containing within it the whole potential of a future being. Q What expression is used to convey that the precincts are not guarded ? A It rains. Q What upholds your Lodge ? A Three great pillars named Wisdom, Strength and Beauty.They are symbolised also by the W.M. and his two Wardens. Q How can these allegorical pillars uphold your Lodge and preside over the constructive labours of the Craftsmen ? A Wisdom presides and guides us in our labours; Strength finishes and establishes them; Beauty adorns them. Q Why did you desire to become a Freemason ? A Because I was in darkness and wished for Light. Q What does Light signify ? A IInner knowledge and virtue that lead to the G.A.O.T.U. Q In what state were you at your initiation ? A Neither naked nor dressed, but decent, without sight, and stripped of all metals. Q Why so ? A Partly undressed in reminiscence of a new-born child; my heart exposed, as a sign of sincerity and candour; my right knee bared, as a 44

mark of the humility that reigns when one is in search of Truth; the left foot unshod, in emulation and remembrance of that hero of old who limped in darkness, without sight, to signify the ignorance of the neophyte still without Light; stripped of all metals as a proof of my sincerity and ability to be deprived without regret of all that could hinder my self-improvement; also, symbolically, to be without anything that could impede my purification by earth, air, water and fire. Q How were you admitted into the Lodge ? A By three loud knocks. Q What do they signify ? A Three sayings from the Gospels: Knock, and the way shall be opened (into the Temple). Seek, and you shall find (the Truth). Ask, and you shall receive (the Light). Q What happened to you after your admittance into the Temple ? A Having undergone various trials, the consent of the Brethren being granted, I was received as a mason by the Master of the Lodge. Q What were these trials, and what is their signification ? A Three journeys to show me the way to Truth. Q What did you do having undergone these trials ? A I swore to keep the secrets of the Order and comport myself in all circumstances as a true and loyal mason; Q Of what do the secrets of the Order consist ? A Knowledge of Truth, as manifested by the symbols of Freemasonry. Q What did you perceive on entering the Lodge ? A Nothing a human mind might comprehend; a heavy veil obscured my vision. 45

Q How do you explain this reply ? A It is not sufficient that a man be placed in the presence of Truth for him to comprehend it. Light only enlightens the human mind when nothing impedes its rays.So long as we are blinded by illusions and prejudice, darkness reigns within us and renders us insensitive to the splendour of Truth. Q What did you see having received Light ? A The Sun, the Moon, and the Master of the Lodge. Q What symbolic connection is there between those heavenly bodies and the Master of the Lodge ? A The Sun represents Divine reason, that enlightens our intelligence. The Moon stands for imagination, that enhances abstract ideas with a specific form. The Master of the Lodge symbolises the principle of conscience that is enlightened by both influences, that of Divine reason, the Sun, and that of imagination, the Moon. Q Where is the Master's place in the Lodge ? A In the East. Q Why is he placed there ? A As the Sun rises in the East to open the day, so is the Master placed there to open the Lodge and set the craftsmen to work. Q Where are the Wardens' positions ? A In the West and in the South, to assist the Worshipful Master with the work, pay the workers, and send them on their way rejoicing. Q What is the significance of the West as compared to the East ? A The East is the direction whence the Light comes, and the West where it disappears. The West is consequently emblematic of the world visible and discernable to our senses, and, more generally, 46

of all things material. The East, on the other hand, represents the world of intelligence and ideas, that only the mind can apprehend, in other words, things abstract. Q Where do the entered apprentices sit ? A In the North, which is the dimmest region.Having received little enlightment in masonry thus far, they are not able to bear too strong a light. Q At what hour do Freemasons begin their labours A At midday. They cease them at midnight. Q Explain that . A A man's life is at its mid point, or "midday" , before when he is unable to be of use to his fellows; but from thence on and until his final hour he must labour unceasingly for the common good. Q What is your symbolic age as an E.App. Freemason ? A Three years. Q What is meant by that ? A To ask a brother his age is to ask him his degree in the Craft. An entered apprentice is three years of age because he is initiated to the mysteries of the first three numbers. Q What are these mysteries ? A Analogies that arise from the metaphysical properties of the numbers. Reason is founded on these notions in as much as it will delve into solving the mystery of existence. Q What have you discovered from your study of number ONE ? A Number One is ONE because it was created by ONE GOD. Q How do you explain the principles emanating from TWO ? 47

A Human reasoning artificially divides and also limits what is ONE and limitless. Unity is thus divided in two opposites, that our human language garb in a false appearance of reality. Q What do you conclude from this ? A That Being, Reality, and Truth are symbolised by THREE. Q Why ? A Because duality must needs return to Unity by THREE Q Of what does an entered apprentice's labour consist ? A Hewing and shaping the rough ashlar, removing its roughness, and giving it form meet for its intended purpose. Q What is this rough ashlar ? A The coarse product of nature that craft will polish and transform. Q What are the working tools of an entered apprentice ? A The chisel and the mallet, or maul. Q What do they represent ? A The chisel, intentions and resolutions. The mallet, the will to carry them out. Q What is implied by the steps of an entered apprentice ? A Zeal to progress toward Him who enlightens us. Q Have you any ambition ? A I aspire to the honour of being admitted amidst the fellowcrafts. W.M. Work and persevere.

END OF THE INSTRUCTION BY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Appendix. Further questions an entered apprentice should be able to deal with before acceptance for passing to the Second degree. 1. How to enter the Lodge. The Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite ( A.&A.S.R.) has very set ways which differ considerably from other workings or Rituals. Two possible circumstances have to be envisaged: A) The apprentice has already been in the Lodge room (during the opening in the First degree), and has then been asked to withdraw. To re-enter , he advances by the three steps of an entered apprentice, his right hand giving ithe sign. After the 3rd step, he salutes the W.M. and awaits instructions. b) He has missed the opening ceremony, and enters the lodge during labour. To enter, the procedure is as above, but having saluted the W.M., he turns to salute the S.W. and then the J.W. (He turns only from the waist, his feet not leaving their position in the form of a square facing east ) Having done this, he resumes the sign , and awaits instructions. He must not say anything. 2. The Steps.They should be short. The 3rd one takes the apprentice just beyond the level of the columns.The left foot always leads. On joining the two feet, at each step, they should be in the form of a square symetrically placed on the central axis (East-West) of the Lodge room. In the A&ASR all movements in the room are made with the r.h. in the position of the sign. ("to order"). No counterclockwise displacements are allowed. 3. The Sign. a)The thumb, at 90 to the index finger is on the centre of the windpipe, the right forearm horizontal. 49

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B)The penal sign. Having given the sign by a movement describing a square, and without slapping one's thigh, the sign is resumed automatically ("recovery") 4. The Sacred Word. It is never pronounced in full when being asked for. The preamble (I can neither..etc) is essential. It is lettered, at the same time as the hands are in the "token" position, with the brother questioning. 5. The Tracing Board. The entered apprentice must be able to reproduce a Tracing Board with a chalk and slate, from memory, and, with aid from his Junior Warden, learn to comment the Tracing Board. 6. General behaviour in lodge. In the A&ASR, an apprentice is not entitled to speak or vote. The only exceptions are when he is required to give his impressions of initiation, or a talk in request for a rise in wages.. On both such occasions, he stands to order and prefaces his words with the following: " To the GOTGAOTU, Worshipful Master, and you all, my Brethren" He should finish with the words " W.M. I submit".

The TRACING BOARD of the FIRST DEGREE of the A.&A.S.R. as it can be drawn rapidly on a slate.

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