Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management

Training Course
October 20-23, 2008
Lahore, Pakistan

Draft Report

PAKISTAN PROGRAMME Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management

Training Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan IUCN Pakistan

Table of Contents
Background......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Key Speeches and Main Events........................................................................................ 1 1.2. Presentations..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Wrap up............................................................................................................................. 6 2. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................... 8

Annexure(s) Annexure I Annexure II Annexure III

Programme Agenda List of Participants Press Release

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management Training Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan IUCN Pakistan

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AKU-CHS AQG AQM CAI-Asia CAIP CDGK DPSEEA EIA ENERCON GLPs GMPs IARC IEE IUCN NGO Pak EPA PCAN PCAP PEPA PM PMF SEI SOPs SUPARCO TAP-CC UNDP VOC Aga University Hospital, Department of Community Health Sciences Air Quality Guidelines Air Quality Management Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre Clean Air Implementation Plan City District Government Karachi Driving force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, Action Environmental Impact Assessment The National Energy Conservation Centre Good Laboratory Practices Good Measurement Practices International Agency for Research on Cancer Initial Environmental Examination International Union for Conservation of Nature Non Governmental Organization Pakistan Environment Protection Agency Pakistan Clean Air Network Pakistan Clean Air Programme Pakistan Environment Protection Act Particulate Matter Positive Matrix Factorization Stockholm Environment Institute Standard Operation Procedures Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission Technical Advisory Panel on Climate Change United Nations Development Programme Volatile Organic Compounds

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ii

Background
Air pollution is a critical environmental issue in the major cities of Pakistan. The Economic Survey of Pakistan 2005-06 stated that air pollution levels in Pakistans most populated cities are among the highest in the world and are climbing, causing serious health impacts. On the other hand, climate change is a global issue, but with potentially significant consequences for Pakistan. Hence, in order to improve capacity of the relevant institutions on addressing challenges posed by both air pollution and climate change, need was felt to organize a training course that addresses these concerns and sets the course for further action by concerned bodies.

1. Introduction
A four-day training course titled "Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management" was organized by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA), in collaboration with Pakistan Clean Air Network (PCAN), IUCN Pakistan, Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre (CAI-Asia), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and Community Health Sciences Department of Aga University Hospital (AKU-CHS). The course was held in Pearl Continental Hotel, Lahore, Pakistan, from October 20-23, 2008. The objective of this course was to ensure that relevant stakeholders are informed of the problem and are supportive of the development and implementation of action plans that aim to mitigate air pollution. To address these aspects, the course included both theoretical and practical aspects. The course was conducted by Dr. Dieter Schwela of SEI, and was supported by experts from CAIAsia (Mr. Herbert Fabian) and other prominent national institutes. The event was attended by a diverse group from relevant organizations, including heads and representatives of various government departments, subject specialists, researchers, representatives of civil society organizations, academia and media. (List of participates is attached as Annexure II) 1.1. Key Speeches and Main Events Brief summary of key speeches and presentations is shared below. The agenda of the course and press release is attached as Annexure I and Annexure II respectively. In the inaugural session, Mr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pak EPA, welcomed the participants and emphasized that climate change and AQM are global challenges and Pakistan is both a recipient and a contributor. Key issues highlighted include vehicle pollution, garbage burning, industrial emission, agriculture waste burning, forest fires, indoor air pollution and transboundary air quality. Mr. Islam said that Pak EPA and Ministry of Environment is cognizant of the issue. While sharing achievements of the Government of Pakistan, he said that a National Environment Policy has already been approved and work on ambient air quality standard draft is currently underway. Mr. Islam congratulated the participants on playing a significant role in AQM in Pakistan. He sought guidance of the experts present and stressed on the support of legal fraternity, NGOs and civil society organizations, in defining a way forward. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Ahmad Saeed, Principal Expert, Global Change, IUCN Pakistan, advised on addressing air pollution holistically, rather than looking at the end of the pipe treatment. He added further that climate change needs to be addressed through AQM as these two are interrelated. He highlighted the need to prepare proper policy framework at the federal and provincial level, to address air quality related issues effectively. Two international experts were also present at the occasion to share their experience and expertise. They were D. Dieter Schwela from SEI and Mr. Herbert Fabian from CAI-Asia. On behalf of SEI, Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, proposed working with Pakistan to overcome deficiencies. He added further that developing countries, such as

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Pakistan, can certainly benefit from the experience and sophisticated means of developed countries, especially some countries in Europe, in addressing AQM. Areas of discussion in the training course includes addressing urban air pollution and integration with climate change, emission inventories, source apportionment, monitoring, dispersion modeling, quality assurance, potential impacts of climate change and air pollution, and governance and policies in Pakistan. 1.2. Presentations DAY 1 1.2.1. Course Expectations Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK Dr. Schwela shared his expectations from this training course along with noting participants expectations from the event. With regard to his expectations, Dr. Schwela stated that he seeks to see the identified issues turn into policies. He added to this by saying that action oriented, rather than knowledge base, efforts are required, such that they act as driving force for the people. He wished to see the course as a workshop and dialogue which: Helps identify gaps and deficiencies in AQM in Pakistan and also the means to overcome them; Helps end the stalemate in AQM in Pakistan; and Creates ideas for future collaboration between Pakistan national, regional and local authorities, IUCN, SEI and other stakeholders. 1.2.2. Introduction to AQM Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK In his presentation, Dr. Schwela discussed the following contextually relevant air pollution aspects with the audience: DPSEEA framework - drivers of air pollution; emission and other atmospheric pressures; state of air pollution; exposure of human, plants and materials to air pollution; health, environmental and economic effects of air pollution at all scales (direct and indirect); and action to abate air pollution (cleaner production, regulation of mobile and stationary sources, taxation, economic incentives, public awareness) Urban environmental transition model and air pollution problems in cities according to economic development AQM principles, stages and steps - inventory, monitoring, modeling, evaluating, laws and regulation development, regulatory instruments (direct and indirect economic, command and control, and government investment) Integrated AQM strategy and management model (illustrating actions and results) Clean Air Implementation Plan (CAIP) and contents CAF cost benefit analysis CAIP success stories (USA, London and Germany) and non-success story (India) 1.2.3. Introduction to Climate Change and Integration with AQM Mr. Hebert Fabian, Transport Coordinator, CAI-Asia, Bangkok Mr. Fabian provided a comprehensive overview of climate change linkage with AQM and shared its relevance to Asian countries, with regard to the overlapping benefits emerging from a joint mitigation plan. Key topics discussed include an introduction to climate change; global and regional climate change trends; air pollution and climate change linkages; and importance of shared costs and co-benefits from air pollution and climate change mitigation measures (reduced air pollution, associated health
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benefits, increased access to energy, improved energy security, and other socioeconomic gains). Mr. Fabian shared information on the current status of co-benefits approach in Asia (perception, monitoring and management). He also highlighted co-benefits related examples from Asia (China, India) and illustrated an integrated plan of action (key components include knowledge management, policy development / networking, capacity building, implementation and investments), which included incorporation of relevant policies and institutions. 1.2.4. Transboundary Air Pollution Dr. Badar Munir Ghauri, Director, SUPARCO Speaking on the occasion, Dr. Ghauri provided deep understanding of air pollution as an urban issue, which is regional in nature. He shared a rationale for the need to address air pollution and continued with discussing various other technical aspects, starting with sharing a country-to-country source-receptor matrix, regional renewable energy targets and regional cooperation efforts (Male Declaration). Dr. Ghauri maintained focus on the strategy for transboundary air pollution, in which he elaborated on certain themes as crucial, including integration of monitoring data on a sub-regional basis, analysis and refinement of national emission inventories, strengthening of regional modeling capabilities, studies on the impact assessment, stakeholder involvement, information dissemination and policy issues). He also shared regional case studies and further underlined certain terms and functions, including satellite imagery, Aerosol Optical Thickness, Aerosol Optical Depth, aerosol sampling, trajectory, trajectory, receptor model (e.g. PMF), and source contribution. DAY 2 1.2.5. Types and Sources of Air Pollution Dr. Badar Ghauri, Director, SUPARCO In order to notify the audience on the different sources (point sources and non-point sources) and types (natural and man-made) of air pollution prevalent in Pakistan, Dr. Badar Ghauri gave a factual overview while also sharing brief details of recent projects and studies underway. Some of the aspects he discussed include: Air pollution monitoring - costs, routine, purpose and monitoring station location Parameters monitored traditional (criteria pollutants and Hazardous Air Pollutants / air toxics) and non-traditional (acid rain, secondary pollutants and meteorological parameters) Air pollution components o Sources (including Particulate Matter, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, acid rain, ozone, VOCs and Black Carbon) o Health and environmental effects Factors affecting distribution of pollutants and measurement methods National policies to improve air quality - ambient air quality standards, fuel quality standards, vehicle emission standards Feasibility study for development of transport pollution control plan for Karachi metropolis (CDGK) study sites, objectives, tasks, methodology (monitoring, sampling and analysis), findings (pollution load, air quality) and project benefits Baseline ambient air quality study in major cities of Pakistan (measuring mean concentration of major pollutants) - a UNDP/ENERCON Ferts / Seal Project International Participation Program

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1.2.6. Emissions Inventories and Source Apportionment Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK Dr. Dieter Scwela focused on the following areas in his presentation on the assigned topic: Exceedance of standards Understanding emissions inventories (need, use, technique, source point, area, mobile, line, non-road) Rapid assessment approach/procedure - advantages, disadvantages Ion beam analysis method Input data for emission inventories Source apportionment (neutron activation analysis) 1.2.7. Meteorology and Dispersion Modelling Dr. Badar Ghauri, Director, SUPARCO Several features elaborated on by Dr. Badar Ghauri, with regard air quality meteorology and pollutant dispersion were concerned with: Temperature profile of atmosphere Key aspects and applications of air quality meteorology - atmospheric turbulence (adiabatic lapse rate, buoyant forcing), scales of turbulent motion, plume behaviour, planetary boundary layer, effects on dispersion and applications Atmospheric pollutants (primary and secondary) Stability influence (boundary layer stability, ground source pollutant dispersion, mesoscale circulations affecting dispersion) Atmospheric dispersion modeling Hazardous waste spill / toxic corridor calculation - wind speed (m/s), base weather station, spill area in m2, toxic pool temperature (celsius), Z factor for substance Impact of fixed geographic features - sea breeze, valley wind, drainage wind, flow pattern Air quality modeling purpose, factors, inadequacy of measurements, application, model selection / adoption and classes (gaussian, numerical, statistical, physical) 1.2.8. Objectives of Monitoring, Data Quality Objectives, Design of Monitoring Programs Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK Key learning objectives targeted at by Dr. Schwela included: Sources of air quality data, design components, data quality and monitoring objectives, operational sequence Monitoring stations different types, site selection, sampler location, equipment selection and instruments (passive, active, automatic analysers, remote sensors) Sampling network operating considerations and sampling station density factors Monitoring programme support Interpretation and dissemination of data 1.2.9. Quality Assurance and Control Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK Dr. Schwela dealt with the topic of quality assurance by covering the basic dimensions. He marked the two components of quality assurance as quality control and quality assessment. He further stated the objectives of quality assurance, which he said are data representativeness of ambient conditions, measurements accuracy and precision, data inter-comparability and reproducibility, results traceability to metrology standards, measurements consistency over time, adequacy of data In addition to this, Dr. Schwela shared the elements and organizational features of quality assurance, along with listing the basic requirements of a quality assurance
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programme (recognize errors, understand measurement system, develop techniques to minimize errors, evaluate and report data). He also deliberated on the following terms: Maintenance and calibration of equipment Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs), Good Measurement Practices (GMPs), Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) Sampling aspects, types, documentation and analysis Method selection, analytical system calibration, detection limits, data review and validation, and data review considerations Day 3 1.2.10. Health Effects of Air Pollution Dr. Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University (AKU-CHS) Dr. Siddiqui provided an overview of connection between air pollution and human health. She discussed the mechanism of health effects, the sources and types of air pollutants affecting human health (Particulate Matter, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, Benzene, Ozone, Lead) and population groups vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. She further validated her arguments through sharing study results conducted by international and local experts, including work done by Dr. Siddiqui. These included studies conduced in Northern Areas of Pakistan, on health effects from exposure to indoor air pollution. 1.2.11. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Pakistan Dr. Pervaiz Amir, Asianics Dr. Amir presented the current trends in climate change relevant to Pakistan. He also shared the impacts of climate change on people, water, agriculture, ecologies and coasts. In addition to this, Dr. Amir shared the IPCC 2007 report findings, which stated that South Asia, particularly Pakistan, will face the burnt of climate change impacts from global warming, rising temperature and reduced precipitation. He informed the participants about the rise in mean temperature in Pakistan and said that glaciers in Pakistan are likely to continue rapid recession in the Himalaya Hindu Kush region. He added that food insecurity will increase as a result of climate change, resulting in greater chances of social and economical conflicts. He stressed on the need for investment in climate change management, with exclusive emphasis on adaptation and mitigation. 1.2.12. Air Quality Guidelines and Standards Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK In his deliberation on air quality standards and guidelines, Dr. Schwela highlighted its importance and elements, while also sharing prevalent international trends and methodologies in use. To set the stage, he stated the rationale and objectives for deriving Air Quality Guidelines (AQG), followed by explaining the criteria used in establishing AQG, as well as criteria for carcinogens, for selection of uncertainty factors and for averaging times. He also shared the classification criteria of IARC in qualitative assessment, while also discussing quantitative assessment, unit risk model, Quantitative Risk Analysis and arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Dr. Schwela clearly defined the process for setting standards and listed factors to consider (natural background contamination, geophysical and meteorological factors and socio-economic factors), policy options and problem areas. He also informed the audience of the standards in environmental and occupational health. In addition to this, he shared the benefits and limitations of harmonisation in air standards.

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1.2.13. Control Measures and Co-Benefits for Climate Change (Industrial and Area Sources) Mr. Hebert Fabian, Transport Coordinator, CAI-Asia, Bangkok Mr. Herbert Fabian provided an overview of global energy demand and regional energy mix (oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydropower), capacity growth, power sector investment and energy efficiency. He also shared the standards, control strategies and barrier faced for implementing measures for stationary sources. 1.2.14. Air Pollution Regulation and Implementation in Pakistan Mr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pak EPA Mr. Zia-ul-Islam updated the audience on the current status of public policy and execution framework, with regard to environmental protection in general and AQM in particular. He identified the role of Pak EPA in this regard and listed the existing constitutional provision, regulatory framework (National Conservation Strategy, PEPA97 and National Environmental Quality Standards which are being prepared), regulations (IEE/EIA Regulations 2000, Environmental Samples Rules 2001, Self Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules 2001, Pollution Charge for Industry Rules 2001) and AQM policies (2001 National Environmental Action Plan and Pakistan Clean Air Programme which is in the pipeline). In addition to this, he marked the activities underway, such as the monitoring activities under Male' Declaration, studies undertaken, adoption of Euro Standards and future plan, including development of emission inventory of Pakistan, corrosion impact assessment for building materials and metals, health impact assessment as well as the air quality monitoring plan (present and proposed). Mr. Islam also conducted a brief orientation on AQM. He shared environmental indicators (cost of environmental damage, energy consumption, vehicle population), status of air quality (cost: urban air pollution, indoor air pollution lead exposure), health impacts, sources (vehicles, power plants, industries and brick kilns), challenges (high public expectations, insufficient resources, high population density, insufficient policy focus, low literacy rate, and lack of awareness and civic sense). The way forward suggested by Mr. Islam include the following recommendations: regional Inter-Governmental cooperation, promotion of energy efficiency and conservation in the commercial/private sector, adoption of pollution control technologies, modification of furnaces and engines, adoption of careful landexcavating methods, implementation of PCAP, implementation of an integrated public transportation system, and creation of necessary policies to control urban refuse burning. 1.2.15. Control Measures and Co-Benefits for Climate Change (Transport) Mr. Hebert Fabian, Transport Coordinator, CAI-Asia, Bangkok While tackling a topic of his expertise, Mr. Fabian provided a focused insight through illustrations on the situation and milestones for transport in Asia. He shared statistics on the vehicular growth in Asia and particularly, Pakistan. Furthermore, Mr. Fabian discussed transport emissions and framework for reducing transport emissions. He also notified the audience on co-benefit measurement approaches, mitigation and control strategies (e.g. retrofitting buses, inspection and maintenance), transport options (e.g. Bus Rapid Transit) and related successful examples from Latin America, Indonesia and India (proposed). 1.3. Wrap up Dr. Dieter Schwela Dr. Dieter Schwela conducted a brief wrap up session for the participants. He said that the course was successful in providing an opportunity to participants to learn about practically all issues related to AQM and climate change mitigation. The activity was especially useful for novices in the field and it is wished that the subject will be applied by all in their respective fields.
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Dr. Schwela added that the issue is serious for Pakistan, hence tackling it is important. However, he cautioned that we must be aware that developed countries (US, Germany, England) needed quite a long time (20-30 yrs) to clean up air. With respect to Particulate Matter emissions, it is still not cleaned up. Despite the efforts, WHO guidelines have been are enforced or achieved nowhere, except Switzerland, who adopted air quality guidelines very early; they are faced with the issue of SOx and PM emissions. Dr. Schwela pointed out that bureaucrats / politicians want to see results / solution. However, if we design solutions now, we will realize that these are just solutions and cannot be implemented, because we do not have emission inventories and monitoring system. For a city of 10 million inhabitants, such as Lahore, there are only two monitoring stations. This means that we do not know the air quality status in all areas of Lahore. A comparative analysis cannot be made of monitoring results / standard unless we data for all areas. Dr. Schwela felt that tyre burning, though a serious problem for those in locality, is not as serious problem for Lahore, as is transport. He advised on improving the traffic flow and making special lanes for taxis/buses, which he asserted is a cheaper, low cost solution, unlike BRT or subway systems. He also presented a short term solution. He said that Pakistan needs to phase out has old vehicles (some cars on the street are 1975 model). Use of individual cars should not be encouraged and alternatives should be provided or explored. Dr. Schwela requested IUCN or the trainee(s) to take responsibility of taking this course initiative forward through email questionnaire/comments from participants. He felt that during the course duration there was less time to share views and short term and medium term solutions. He showed interest in continuing with the initiative of conducting further training courses for other people, in order to have a process rather than a one-off event. He proposed asking CAI-Asia for funding. He suggested that IUCN/SEI/CAI-Asia should formulate proposals / proposed actions for Pakistani cities, make a list of suggestions and circulate it amongst participants for comments. He felt that we are already well aware of the situation and its solution. What is needed now is monitoring and low cost solutions. Dr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pak EPA added to the discussion by saying that every upcoming project should take approval from respective EPAs. Approval should be given on the condition that standard compliance is mandatory. Post EIA monitoring should also be done after approval. Mr. Islam said called for collective action for energy and/or water conservation. He advised on introducing cheaper pollution control technologies for industries, which he admitted takes years. A participant from Balochistan highlighted the local situation. He said that the dust particle remains in the air for longer period time in mountainous areas. There are smaller vehicles and no buses within the periphery. He stated that due to narrow roads BRT system is not a solution for them. The Master plan for the region was devised 25 years ago; hence, the master plan needs to be revised with a change in landscape and land use. Additionally, incentive needs to be given to rickshaw drivers to replace vehicle engine with 4 stroke engines. The traffic management system also needs to be devised and alternate routes found. In response to the concern from Balochistan, Dr. Schwela requested for a copy of their Master Plan. He concluded the wrap up session by sharing a few more thoughts. He said that in such forums, we realize that there are sensitized people sitting around, who give us strength to work on these issues. Hence, we need to identify key players (mayors, Chief Ministers) who have the ability to drive through. Also, he said that we need to find champions/famous people of AQM. He shared an idea that was discussed in CAI-Asia. The idea was to involve artists who can sell the idea to the public. Dr. Schwela asked for generating/discussing/evaluating information.

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A suggestion by Dr. Rehana Siddiqui was to publish related papers in newspaper and academic journal. She said that we should set tasks and timeline for the next similar event and/or follow up workshop in the next 1-2 years, probably in the Year of Environment (2009) in all provincial capitals, so that we can share experiences on where we have reached since the last course. She acknowledged that funding will be required and requested for Pak EPAs assistance/commitment to arrange for the required fund. In such events, she advised on involving politicians and ensuring that masses are sensitized. All provincial EPAs should also participate and chalk out their respective program for the following year. Mr. Muhammad Aqib Uddin Mr. Aqib gave concluding remarks at the event of the event. He thanked Mr. Herbert Fabian for coming to a Pakistan as a resource person, despite heavy commitments, which especially included preparation for BAQ 2008 in Bangkok. He also thanked Dr. Schwela for visiting Pakistan twice in two months, despite the turmoil conditions in the country; this means that Dr. Schwela is ready for a long tem commitment /project in Pakistan. He added that foreigners coming to Pakistan at this time shows their trust in our society/culture. Mr. Aqib also thanked Dr. Rehana who came on single request. He hoped that everyone will add value when they go back to their respective organizations. Mr. Zia-ul-Islam On behalf of Pak EPA as well as the participants, Mr. Zia-ul-Islam thanked the participants and Dr. Schwela for his wonderful and intense presentations and insight on AQM. He thanked Mr. Fabian for providing a regional perspective on how to tackle air quality issues. He also thanked Dr. Siddiqui for sharing experience on health concerns, which he felt are neglected. In addition to this, he showed gratitude towards Dr. Ghauri for his support. Mr. Islam also thanked the organizers IUCN and PCAN. He hoped that the group will meet soon, for better coordination. He felt that these forums provide an opportunity to interact and share views. A lot of new ideas emerge. He gave his commitment on sharing the ideas floated with the Federal EPA and will work on translating them into practical implementation.

2. Conclusion
The training course was successful in signifying the importance of managing GHGs and air pollution. The feedback from the course participants was positive and encouraging. They were not only satisfied with the overall course content and design, but also with the level of deliverance. One of the important observations which came from the participants was that now they have far better understanding of managing the issues of climate change and air pollution, and have a clear way forward. It was also strongly suggested that such types of courses should be organized in each of the provincial capitals, so that a larger group of audiences can get benefit out of it. This training course would not have been so successful without the valuable contribution by the local and international resource persons.

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Annexure I
Training Course Agenda
Day 1: Monday, October 20, 2008
0830 0900 0900 0905 0905 0915 0915 0920 0920 1000 Registration of participants Recitation from Holy Quran Welcome and introduction (objectives of the training course) Expectations of the participants

Remarks
Pak-EPA AS DS

I
1000 1100 1100 1130 1130 1230 1230 1400 1400 1500

INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Introduction to Air Quality Management Tea break Introduction to climate change and integration with air quality management Lunch and prayer break Transboundary air pollution DS BF

BG

Day 2: Tuesday, October 21, 2008

II
0900 1000 1000 1100 1100 1130

EMISSIONS
Types and sources of air pollution Emission inventories and source apportionment Tea break BG DS

III
1130 1230 1230 1400

MODELING
Meteorology and dispersion modelling Lunch and prayer break BG

IV
1400 1500 1500 1600

MONITORING
Objectives of monitoring, data quality objectives and design of monitoring programs Quality assurance and control DS DS

Day 3: Wednesday, October 22, 2008

Field Trip

Day 4: Thursday, October 23, 2008

V
0900 1000 1000 1100 1100 1130

IMPACTS
Health impacts of air pollution Potential impacts of climate change on Pakistan Tea break RS PA

VI
1130 1230 1230 1400 1400 1500 1500 1600 1600 1700 1700 1715 1715 1745 1745

GOVERNANCE AND POLICIES

Air quality guidelines and standards Lunch and prayer break Control measures and co-benefits for climate change (industrial and area sources) Air pollution regulation and implementation in Pakistan Control measures and co-benefits for climate change (transport) Tea break Wrap up Adjourn DS BF ZI BF DS

National Resource Persons: PA: Dr. Parvaiz Amir, Climate Change Expert ZI: Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pakistan Environment Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) RS: Dr. Rehana Siddiqui, Community Health Sciences Department, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKU-CHS) BG: Dr. Badar Ghauri, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) International Resource Persons: DS: Dr. Dieter Schwela, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, UK Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management Training Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan IUCN Pakistan i

BF: Mr. Bert Fabian, Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center, Philippines

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Annexure II
List of Participants

No. Karachi, Sindh

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Name
Mr. Dilshad Ahmad Ansari Mr. Muhammad Saleem Jalbani Mirza Anwar Baig Mr. Said Rehman Dr. Muhammad Ashiq Dr. Badar Ghauri (resource person) Dr. Amna Rehana Siddiqui (resource person) Mr. Muhammad Aqib Uddin (IUCN staff) Ms Fizza Shah (IUCN staff) Ms Anjum Rasheed Mr. Zia-ul-Islam (resource person) Dr. Auragzeb Khan Mr. Mohammad Naeem Mr. Kaleem Mir Dr. Ishtiaq A. Qazi Dr. Parvaiz Amir (resource person) Mr. Ahmad Saeed (IUCN staff) Dr. Hussain Ahmed

Designation
Assistant Director, Agriculture Assistant Chief (Environment) Director Manager General Manager Director Assistant Professor Coordinator Research Associate Technical Officer Director Chief / PD / Environment Assessment Specialist Deputy Chief Scientific Officer Principal Principal Expert, Global Change Director EPA

Organization
Sindh Environment Protection Agency (Sindh EPA) Planning & Development Department (P&DD), Government of Sindh Karachi Mass Transit Cell, City District Government Karachi (KMTC-CDGK) Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University (AKU-CHS) IUCN Pakistan IUCN Pakistan Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan (Pak EPA) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA) Planning and Development Division, Government of Pakistan National Transport Research Centre (NRTC) Global Change Impact Study Centre Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Asianics IUCN Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency NWFP, Government of NWFP Environmental Protection Agency Balochistan, Government of Balochistan Planning and Development Department, Government of Balochistan IUCN Pakistan Northern Areas Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency AJK, Government of AJK Environmental Protection Department Lahore, Government of Punjab Environmental Protection Agency Punjab, Government of Punjab Lahore Development Authority Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR)

Islamabad, Federal

Peshawar, NWFP Quetta, Balochistan

19 20 21 22 23 Mr. Mohammad Ali Batur Mr. Ikram ul Haq Mr. Mehboob Ali (IUCN staff) Syed Munawar Hussain Mosvi Mr. Muhammad Bashir Khan Deputy Director, EIA/Monitoring Chief of Section, Environment Environmental Governance Officer, BPSD Assistant Director Director

Gilgit, Northern Areas Muzzafarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Lahore, Punjab
24 25 26 27 Mr. Firdaus Kausar Mr. Rizwan Haider Mr. Mohammad Younas Mr. Mahtab Ahmad Chemist Chemist Director, Engineering Senior Scientific Officer

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28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Mr. Muhammad Tariq Ms Fiza Naeem Mr. Mansoor Ali Shah Ms Nusrat Jaha Nabeela Mr. Iqtidar Gillani Mr. H. Ghazali Mr. Herbert Fabian Dr. Dieter Schwela

Scientific Officer Lecturer, Environmental Sciences Advocate, Supreme Court of Pakistan

Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Kinnaird College for Women M/s Afridi, Shah and Minallah, Advocates and Legal Consultants M/s Afridi, Shah and Minallah, Advocates and Legal Consultants The Nation The Urban Unit Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre, Asia (CAIAsia), Bangkok Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, United Kingdom

International Resource Persons

Transport Coordinator Senior Research Fellow

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Annexure III Press Release

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AIR POLLUTION LINKAGES

A four-day training course titled Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management has been organized by Pak EPA in collaboration with Pakistan Clean Air Network, IUCN Pakistan and Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre. The course will be underway from October 20-23, 2008. Lahore, October 20, 2008 (IUCN) A four-day training course titled "Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management" has been organized by Pak EPA in collaboration with Pakistan Clean Air Network, IUCN Pakistan and Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre. The course will be underway from October 20-23, 2008. Air pollution is a critical environmental issue in the major cities of Pakistan. The Economic Survey of Pakistan 2005-06 stated that air pollution levels in Pakistans most populated cities were among the highest in the world and were climbing, causing serious health impacts. On the other hand climate change is a global issue but with potential significant consequences for Pakistan. The purpose of the workshop is to improve the capacity relevant organizations to address the challenges posed by both air pollution and climate change. The course is being attended by a diverse group from relevant organizations, including heads and representatives of various government departments, subject specialists, researchers, representatives of civil society organizations, academia and media. Welcoming the participants, Mr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pakistan Environment Protection Agency, emphasized that climate change and Air Quality Management (AQM) are global challenges and Pakistan is both a recipient and a contributor. Key issues highlighted include vehicle pollution, garbage burning, industrial emission, agriculture waste burning, forest fires, indoor air pollution and transboundary air quality. Mr. Islam said that Pak-EPA and Ministry of Environment is cognizant of the issue. While sharing achievements of the Government of Pakistan, he said that a National Environment Policy has already been approved and work on ambient air quality standard draft is currently underway. Mr. Islam congratulated the participants on playing a significant role in AQM in Pakistan. He sought guidance of the experts present and stressed on the support of legal fraternity, NGOs and civil society organizations, in defining a way forward. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Ahmad Saeed, Principal Expert, Global Change, IUCN Pakistan, advised on addressing air pollution holistically, rather than looking at the end of the pipe treatment. He added further that climate change needs to be addressed through AQM as these two are interrelated. He highlighted the need to prepare proper policy framework at the federal and provincial level, to address air quality related issues effectively. Two international experts are present at the occasion to share their experience and expertise. On behalf of Stockholm Environment Institute, Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, proposed working with Pakistan to overcome deficiencies. He added further that developing countries, such as Pakistan, can certainly benefit from the experience and sophisticated means of developed countries, especially some countries in Europe, in addressing AQM. Areas of discussion in the training course includes addressing urban air pollution and integration with climate change, emission inventories, source apportionment, monitoring, dispersion modeling, quality assurance, potential impacts of climate change and air pollution, and governance and policies in Pakistan.

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management v Training Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan IUCN Pakistan

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE PAKISTAN PROGRAMME 1, Bath Island Road Clifton 75500 Karachi, Pakistan Tel. +92 21 5861540 Fax +92 21 5861544 www.iucnp.org

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management vi Training Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan IUCN Pakistan