EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

QUESTION 1 1.1 Use the circuit below and with: Input current 150 mA (rms) Input impedance 95 Output voltage 17 V (rms) Output impedance 40. A
12 dB

B
X dB

1.1.1

1.1.2 1.1.3

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.3

1.2.4

Calculate the gain in dB of the circuit between B and C. Pin = 0,152.95 = 2,1375 W Pout = 172/40 = 7,225 W Gtotal = 10log10(7,225/2,1375) = 5,29 dB GBC = 5,29 12 = -6,71 dB Calculate the power at point B. 12 = 10log(PB/2,1375) PB = 2,1375.101,2 = 33,88 W Calculate gain in dBm at point B G(dBm)B = 10log(33880/1) = 45,30 dBm . An input signal with a frequency range from 40 Hz to 75 kHz is passed through a high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 21 kHz. The output of the filter is then modulated using a carrier frequency of 236 kHz. Determine the products of the output of the modulator. USB = 236 + (21 75) = 257 311 kHz Fc = 236 kHz LSB = 236 - (21 75) = 161 215 kHz What type of filter would be required if SSB transmission is used with only the LSB components in the output? Low Pass What cut-off frequency must be used for the filter above? 215 kHz

2 1 (7)

1 1 (5) /12/

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EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

QUESTION 2 2.1 Then following circuit is used to produce a PN set. The clock frequency is 75 kHz and it will be used in a frequency hopping system.

2.1.1

Determine the PN set produced.

2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4

Clock d d' a a' b b' c c b 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 Every row correct (No mark for wrong result but then accept check the next data accordingly) Comment on the usefulness of this generator. Not very good and can easily be verified. (any valid comment) Determine the dwell time Dwell time = 1/75 kHz = 13,3 s Determine the hop rate. Hop set = 4 Hop rate = 75/4 = 18,75 kHz

a
0 0 1 1

and

1 1 2 (8)

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EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

2.2

2.2.1

A frequency hopping system uses the following PN set 010 101 110 111 001 011 100. (cba) The data to be transmitted is 1 0 0 1 with a PN:Data ratio of 3:1 and using the b values in the scrambler.. The modulator has a maximum frequency of 142 kHz. The incremental reduction steps are 2,7 kHz Show the waveform of the scrambler output. Data 1 0 0 1 PN 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 Output 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Give the table for the frequency hopping system. PN code Frequency (kHz) Correct starting value 000 142,0 Correct increments 001 139,3 Total table correct 010 136,6 011 133,9 100 131,2 101 128,5 110 125,8 111 123,1 Draw the graph of the transmitted signal showing the frequency levels as well as the data at each level.
142, 0 139, 3 136, 6 133, 9 131, 2 1 128, 5 125, 8 123, 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

2.2.2

2.2.3

0 0

PN

010

101

110

111

001

011

100

010

101

110

111

001

Each vale at correct frequency and data value 12 x = 6 (12) /20/

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EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

QUESTION 3 3.1 Sketch an 8 PSK modulator and use the supplied table to find the constellation diagram. Polarity section A 0 1 Polarity + B 0 1 Polarity + C 0 1 Amplitude section __ Amplitude C Amplitude 0,6 1 1.4 1,4 0 0,6

Sketch 4 _ C 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 (4) (1 for each quadrant) C B A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 C.A -0,6 +0,6 -0,6 +0,6 -1,4 +1,4 -1,4 +1.4 _ C.B -1,4 -1,4 +1,4 +1,4 -0,6 -0,6 +0,6 +0,6

(4) (1/2 per line) (12)

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EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

3.2

Use the following table and constellation to find the results of the data transmitted by an 8PSK differential transmitter B/b 0 0 1 1 A/a 0 1 0 1 Phase +90 -90 180 0

Data transmitted: (110) 110 101 110 000 111

PRESENT 110 (3) 111 (4) 101 (1) 110 (3) 001 (1) NEXT 110 (3) 101 (1) 110 (4) 000 (2) 111 (4) PHASE 0 -90 180 -90 +90 OUTPUT 111 101 110 001 100

If an output is wrong, accept and check next line.

(6)

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EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

3.3

A 16QAM differential receiver use 1110 as default value. The following constellation and tables for the system must be used:

(ABCD)
A/a 0 1 0 1
C/c

0 0 1 1

Phase -90 +90 180 0

B/b 1 1 0 0

D/d 0 1 0 1

b/B 1 0 1 0

d/D 0 0 1 0

The data points received are 1010 1110 0010 0101 1111. Find the output data. PRESENT NEXT PHASE 1110 (1) 1010 0 1010 (1) 1110 0 1110 (1) 0010 180 0010 (2) 0101 -90 0101 (3) 1111 0 Q out 1 1 3 1 3 OUTPUT 1111 1110 0101 1010 0000

Correct first line

(8) /26/

Page 6 of 9

EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

QUESTION 4 4.1 A 40/42 PCM system is used and it follows the 30/32 principles. The sampling frequency is 25 kHz. Each slot has 8 bits. Calculate the frame duration, multi-frame duration, slot duration, bit duration and the gross line bit rate. Frame duration = 1/25 kHz = 40 s Multi-frame duration = 40.21 = 0,84 ms Slot duration = 40/42 = 0,95 s Bit duration = 0,95/8 = 0,119 s GBR = 1/0,119 = 8,4 MHz (5) 4.2 Explain the difference between a repeater and a regenerative repeater by referring to the influence of noise on long lines. The original signal is reduced and noise is added on a distribution line. A normal repeater will increase the signal but the noise is also increased. At some distance the noise will become comparable to the signal size and all data will be lost. A regenerative repeater receives the signal and generate a new copy of the original signal without any noise. The signal remains intact without any noise interference, no matter what length of line is used. (4) 4.3 Sketch a bi-directional power feed system for regenerative repeaters. It must be clear how the signal and power is separated at each stage in the system.

(3) /12/

Page 7 of 9

EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

QUESTION 5 5.1 5.1.1 In a document containing only 6 characters the character count was as follows: D 24 ; F 44 ; K 48 ; S 20 ; R 28 and A 36. Find the Huffmann code for each character and the Huffman average. Character count = 200 Char P(xi) Code n nP(x) K 0,24 11 2 0,48 F 0,22 10 2 0,44 A 0,18 101 3 0,54 R 0,14 001 3 0,42 D 0,12 100 3 0,36 S 0,10 000 3 0,30 2,54 Calculate the Entropy value for this data Char T K Q H B S P(xi) 0,24 0,22 0,18 0,14 0,12 0,10 1,00 Log2 P(xi) -2,059 -2,184 -2,474 -2,837 -3,059 -3,322 P(xi). Log2 P(xi) -0,494 -0,481 -0,445 -0,397 -0,367 -0,332 -2,516

5.1.2

5.1.2

S(x) = 2,516 Calculate the compression ratio and efficiency of the code. CR = conv/nP(x) = 3/2,54 = 1,181 = S(x)/ nP(x) x 100 = 2,516/2,54 x 100 = 99,06% Use the ASCII table and determine the transmitted code of the letter S with Hamming code in the standard positions. M = 0101 0011 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D D D D H D D D H D H H 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 = 0011 () 5 = 0101 () 9 = 1001 () 11 = 1011 () H = 0100 () =

2 (12)

5.2

(4)

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EADOM2B

Digital Communication 2 (Memorandum)

June 2009

5.3

The word Then must be transmitted using standard RS232 principles. The data must use odd parity, 10 as start bits and 0 as stop bid. Find the data that will be transmitted. Code Sta Reversed P S T 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 8 A 8 h 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 8 5 8 e 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 A 9 A n 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 9 E 8 Then = 8A8858A9A9E8 for each correct digit (6)

5.4

5.4.1

Data was received from a transmission system using standard RS232 principles. The data contains 1 start bit, 8 data bits, an odd parity bit and 2 stop bits. The data is: 0 F 5 4 F 1 2 F 1 Determine the values of the start and stop bits. 0 F 5 4 F 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 S d d d d d d d d p s s S d d d d d d d 1 2 F 1 Start = 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 Stop = 01 d p s s S d d d d d d d d p s s

5.4.2

Find the characters received. Data 1 = 0111 0000 = x Data 2 = 0111 0001 = y Data 3 = 0111 0010 = z Characters are: xyz

3 (8) /30/ /100/

TOTAL:

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