POLYGLOID

8/1/12 POLYGLOID
1/15 rotb.piiym.net/polygloid/?p=phonetics
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VOCALOID PHONETIC CHART
The foIIowing is a phonetic chart to guide usage and to Iook for phonetic equivaIents between VOCALOID syntaxes.
Two phonetic syntaxes exist for VOCALOID; the EngIish and Japanese phonetic syntax. Of aII the VocaIoids, onIy MEGURINE LUKA
uses both, though as separate voice banks.
NOTE: AII phonetic syntaxes are CASE SENSITIVE. Those with quotation marks is a group of syntaxes, which must be typed
together. If you want to Iook for a phoneme equivaIent in this page, use your browser's search feature.
LEGEND:
Phoneme - SyIIabIes that are used in everyday speech and vocaIization. They are the buiIding bIocks of the naturaI Ianguage used
by humans.
AIias - SyIIabIes and/or symboIs that aIso match / are reIated to the mentioned phoneme.
Matching Word - Words that use the mentioned phoneme prominentIy.
In Japanese - The method to produce the pronunciation of the mentioned phoneme using the Japanese VocaIoid syntax.
In EngIish - The method to produce the pronunciation of the mentioned phoneme using the EngIish VocaIoid syntax.
Remarks - SpeciaI comments, if it appIies. May aIso contain information on how to adjust to make it sound as accurate as
possibIe.
DupIicates may occur in terms of phonetic vaIues.
To guide usage universaIIy, aIiases now incIudes a syIIabIe's IPA (InternationaI Phonetic AIphabet) equivaIents.
PHONEME ALAS
MATCHNG
WORD
N
JAPANESE
N
ENGLSH
REMARKS
a

? ?
Abort a V
An PA Glottal Plosive. A rapid and abrupt
vocalization of this results in an PA Epiglottal
Plosive.
a
Agent or A
(letter
pronunciation)
"e i" or "e j" e
a Albert a {
The difference is the accented way. To emulate this
for Japanese Vocaloids, it must be vocalized fast,
and in a lower volume.
a Air "e 4" e@
May need tricks for Japanese Vocaloids if the
results is not satisfactory.
e

Egg e e A common syntax.

e
Evening or E
(letter
pronunciation)
i i:
This is a prolonged . Soft volume and slightly
slower vocalization can emulate this kind of
pronunciation for Japanese Vocaloids.
er Ergo "o 4" @r
er er Error "e 4" e@
i n i
The difference is that has harder pronunciation
than i:. This is interpreted as a short and louder i for
Japanese Vocaloids.
sland or
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
i
sland or
(letter
pronunciation)
"a i" or "a j" a
ie
eper (city in
Belgium)
"j e j" "j e"
o

On o Q
o Oblige o V
Japanese Vocaloids require this to be vocalized fast
to sound accurate.
o ou Out "a M" aU
o
O (letter
pronunciation)
"o M" @U
o Oodles M u: or U
o Oops M u: or U
oi
Oishi
(delicious)
"o i" or "o j"
"o i:" or
"o "

u Under a V
u Unity
"j M" or "i
M"
"j u:"
u Ultra M u:
naccurate U in Filipino / Tagalog in Japanese
Vocaloids, in lower octaves. This is true as well for
other Spanish-based dialects. Acceptable however,
in English Vocaloids for all octaves.
u Urge "o 4" @ or @r
u
U (letter
pronunciation)
"j M" "j u:"
b
B (letter
pronunciation)
"b' i" "bh i:"
b
B (consonant)
or Bib
"b" or "b'" b Plosive-bilabial, according to the PA.
ba Basket "b a"
"bh {" or
"b {"
"bh a" makes it a fricative. Use whatever is
appropriate.
ba Ball
"b a" or "b
o"
"bh O:" or
"b O:"

be Bend "b e"
"bh e" or
"b e"
"bh e" makes it a fricative. Use whatever is
appropriate.
be Bee "b' i"
"bh i:" or
"b i:"
"bh i:" makes it a fricative. Use whatever is
appropriate.
bi Binary
"b a i" or "b
a j"
"bh a" or
"b a"

bi Bin "b' i"
"bh i:" or
"b i:"
"bh i:" makes it a fricative. Use whatever is
appropriate.
bo Bowl "b a" "bh @U"
Japanese Vocaloids require this to be vocalized fast
to sound accurate.
bo Bonfire "b o"
"bh Q" or
"b Q"

bo Boot "b M"
"bh u:" or
"b u:"

br e Bravo "b 4 a"
"bh r Q"
or "b r Q"
A Bilabial-Trill, according to the PA. Japanese
Vocaloids may not pronounce the "r" part well, and
may need techniques to make them sound right. For
Prima, use R instead of r for the best results.
bu Bundle "b a"
"bh V" or
"b V"

bu Bull "b M"
"bh U" or
"b U"

bya
Byakko
(mythical tiger)
"b' a" "b j V"
bye
Byenan
(mother-in-law)
"b' e" "b j e"
bye
Bye (shortened
goodbye)
"b a i" or "b
a j"
"bh a" or
"b a"

byo
Byo (counting
unit of
seconds)
"b' o"
"bh j Q"
or "b j Q"

byu "b' M"
"bh j u:"
or "b j u:"

c
C (letter
pronunciation)
"s i" "s i:"
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
pronunciation)
ca Cajole or Casa "k a"
"kh V" or
"kh Q"
This is intended as a softer KA, for English
Vocaloids. Slower vocalization needed for Japanese
Vocaloids to pronounce this.
ca Cambridge "k e i" "kh e"
ca Candy "k e" "kh {"
ca Call "k h o" "kh O:"
ce Ceiling "s i" "s i:"
ce Center "s e" "s e"
ci Cinema "s i" "s "
co Command "k o" "kh V"
co Count "k a" "kh aU"
co Coal "k o" "kh @U"
cu Cut "k a" "kh V"
cu Curb
"k a" or "k
e"
"kh @r" Under dispute for example
ch t[ Church tS tS
cha Channel "tS a" "tS {"
che Cherish "tS e" "tS e@"
chi Children "tS i" "tS "
cho Chocolate "tS o" "tS O:"
cho Choose "tS M" "tS u:"
chu Chum "tS a" "tS V"
Fast vocalization is required for Japanese Vocaloids
to get near or exact results.
chu Chump "tS a" "tS V"
chu Chute "S u" "S u:"
chu Churros "tS M" "tS u:"
d
D (letter
pronunciation)
"d' i"
"dh i:" or
"d i:"

d q
D (consonant)
or Deed
d or d' d or dh
By default, an Alveolar-Plosive, according to the
PA. When applied with volume or dynamics to
make it slightly louder, it becomes an PA Retroflex-
Plosive. As an ending letter, Japanese Vocaloids
may require tricks to get the pronunciation right.
da Dastardly "d a"
"dh {" or
"d {"

da Dark "d a"
"dh Q@"
or "d
Q@"

da Daily
"d e i" or "d
e j"
"dh e" or
"d e"

de Deliver
"d a" or "d
e"
"dh V" or
"d V"
Either of the two, for Japanese Vocaloids, may be
used, based on preferred accent.
de Dent "d e"
"dh e" or
"d e"

de Deal "d' i"
"dh i:" or
"d i:"

di Distant "d' i"
"dh " or
"d "
do Dos (two) "d o"
"dh O:" or
"d O:"

do Dog "d o"
"dh Q" or
"d Q"

do Domain "d o"
"dh @U"
or "d
@U"

do Done "d a"
"dh V" or
"d V"

do Do (act) "d M"
"dh u:" or
"d u:"

du Dulce "d M"
"dh u:" or
"d u:"

du Duration "d j M"
"dh U@"
or "d
U@"

du Dumb "d a"
"dh V" or
"d V"

"d'" or "d j" "dh j" or
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
dy Dysfunctional
"d'" or "d j"
or "d' i"
"dh j" or
"d j"

dy Dynamite
"d a i" or "d
a j"
"dh a" or
"d a"

dya
Dyamante
(Tagalog form
of "Diamond")
"d' a" or "d j
a"
"dh j V"
or "d j V"

dye
"d' a" or "d j
a"
"dh j e" or
"d j e"

dyi "d' i"
"dh j " or
"d j "
dyi is phonemically impossible for Japanese
Vocaloids.
dyo
Dyos (Alternate
Tagalog form of
Diyos, meaning
"God")
"d' o" or "d j
o"
"dh j Q"
or "d j Q"

dyu
"d' M" or "d
j M"
"dh j U"
or "d j U"

f
F (letter
pronunciation)
"e p\" "e f"
Tested on Luka, but may not reliably work on other
Japanese Vocaloids, and may need adjustments.
f
F (consonant)
or Fluff
p\ f
As an ending letter, Japanese Vocaloids may
require tricks to get the pronunciation right. For all
Vocaloids, faster vocalizations turn it into a Bilabial-
Fricative while slower vocalization with breathiness
makes it a Labiodental-Fricative, as per PA
standards.
fa Father "p\ a" "f Q"
Japanese FA has a bit of initial trailing, but does the
job, regardless.
fa Fan "p\ a" "f {"
fe Feminine "p\ e" "f e"
fe Feast "p\' i" "f i:"
fi Finish "p\' i" "f "
fi Fine
"p\ a i" or
"p\ a j"
"f a"
For Japanese Vocaloids, the second syntax may be
tried if it does not work or give desired results.
(especially true for Meiko and Kaito)
fo Folk "p\ o M" "f @U"
fo Follow
"p\ a" or "p\
o"
"f Q"
fo Fool "p\ M" "f u:"
fu Full "p\ M"
"f U" or "f
u:"

fu Fun "p\ a" "f V"
fv u "p\ b 4" "f v v"
A Voiced Uvular-Fricative according to the PA. t is
listed as f due to its near-association to the letter f
despite being a r letter. The v resonance makes it
sound like a rapid rolling r.
fw q "p\ h w" "f h w" An PA Voiceless Palatal-Velar-Fricative.
g
G (letter
pronunciation)
"dZ i" "dZ i:"
Be careful not to make a mistake for English
Vocaloids; the i comes with a colon!
g y c
G (consonant)
or Gag
g or "g h" g or gh
A Voiced Velar-Plosive, according to the PA.
Boosted in dynamics, it sounds like a Voiced
Uvular-Plosive. Japanese Vocaloids may pronounce
this letter in the end of a word softly. t may require
volume boost to get the desired effect.
ga Gal "g a"
"gh {" or
"g {"

ga Gate
"g e i" or "g
e j"
"gh e" or
"g e"

ge
Gemote
(judicial
assembly)
"g e"
"gh e" or
"g e"

ge Gender "dZ e" "dZ e"
ge Geek "g' i" "gh i:"
ge Gestapo
"g h e" or "g
a"
"gh V" or
"g V"

gi Give "g' i"
"gh " or
"g "

gi Gin (liquor) "dZ i" "dZ "
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
gi Gin (liquor) "dZ i" "dZ "
gi Gills "g' i"
"gh " or
"g "

go
Gogo
(afternoon, PM)
"g o"
"gh O:" or
"g O:" or
"gh Q" or
"g Q"
English Vocaloids have 4 ways of pronouncing GO
in this way.
go Govern "g a h"
"gh V" or
"g V"

go Go (verb) "g o M"
"gh @U"
or "g
@U"

go Gone "g a"
"gh Q" or
"g Q"

go Goose "g M"
"gh u:" or
"g u:"

gu

Gusu (even
numerals, ie. 2,
4, 6, 8, etc)
"g M"
"gh u:" or
"g u:"

gu Guard "g a"
"gh Q@"
or "g
Q@"

gu Guest "g e"
"gh e" or
"g e"

gu Gum
"g a" or "g
o"
"gh V" or
"g V"

gh h
"g h" or "g'
h" or "g C"
or "br2 g h
h"
"gh" or
"br2 gh h"
An PA Voiced Glottal-Fricative. The g part seems
abrupt, with the breathiness of the h prominent,
complemented by the breath component from br1-
br6.
gy g'
Gyoza
(dumpling)
"g'" "g j"
gya
Gyaku
(reverse)
"g' a"
"g j V" or
"g j {"
English Vocaloids may pronounce this softer than
normal.
gyo Gyoji (event) "g' o" "g j Q"
gyu
Gyunyu (dairy
milk)
"g' M" "g j u:"
h
H
(pronunciation)
"e i tS" or
"e j tS i"
"e tS"
h
H (consonant)
or Hat
h or C h
Japanese Vocaloids sometimes treat h as
exhalation, if not ignoring it entirely. Tricks may be
needed to get the desired effect.
h
H (stress /
exhalation)
h h
An PA Glottal-Fricative. For all Vocaloids, after
vowels in the end of the word, it creates an exhaling
effect.
ha Havok "h a" "h {"
ha Haul "h o" "h O:"
ha Haven
"h e i" or "h
e j"
"h e"
hch x "h tS h" "h tS h"
A Voiceless Velar-Fricative according to the PA.
Although not perfectly accurate, this improvision,
coupled with tricks, and adding breathiness, can get
the job done.
he Henry "h e" "h e"
he Heave "C i" "h i:"
Quicker pronunciations needed for Japanese
Vocaloids to match this.
he Heil
"h a i" or "h
a j"
"h a"
hh h
"br2 h h" or
"br2 C h" or
"br2 h C"
"br2 h h"
An PA Pharyngeal-Fricative. t is an extended h,
with emphasis on the exhalation. br2 refers to the
breathing sound present in all Vocaloids, from br1 to
br6. Edit breathiness and brightness as necessary,
and add br1-br6 where applicable.
hi Hinder "C i" "h "
hi High
"h a i" or "h
a j"
"h a"
"h h l l" or
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
hl
u

"h C 4 4" or
"C 4 4"
"h h 1 l0"
or "h h l0
l" or "h h
10 l0"
An PA Voiceless Epiglottal Fricative. Basically
letter h with a coupled letter l pronunciation.
ho Hot "h o" "h Q"
ho Hover "h a" "h V"
ho Honor o Q
ho Home "h o" "h @U"
ho Hook "h M" "h U"
hr \
"h h 4 4" or
"C C 4 4"
"h h r"
An PA Voiced Pharyngeal-Fricative. Reduce
brightness and breathiness to get the desired effect.
hsh "h S" "h S"
An PA Voiceless Palatal-Fricative. The extra
exhalation by the h phoneme makes it
distinguishable from other PA values.
hu Hump "h a" "h V"
hu Hubert "C M" "h j u:"
hu Hurry "h e" "h @"
hu
Husto
(sufficient)
"h M" "h U"
hw u "h h w" "h h w"
An PA Voiceless Labio-Velar-Approximant.
ncrease velocity to make the h component
prominent. May also be substituted for wh.
hya
Hyaku
(hundred)
"C a" "h j V"
hye "C e" "h j e"
hyo
Hyo (male
name)
"C o" "h j Q"
hyu Hyundai "C M" "h j u:"
hz y "h g dz" "h g z"
A Voiced Velar-Fricative according to the PA. Add
breathiness and reduce brightness to increase
accuracy, as it may sometimes be too similar to
conventional z.
j
J (letter
pronunciation)
"dZ e i" or
"dZ e j"
"dZ e"
j d z
J (consonant)
or Judge
dZ dZ
An PA Voiced-Alveolo-Palatal-Fricative. When
used in the end of the word, it may require an extra
at the end to emulate natural vocalization.
ja Japan "dZ a" "dZ V"
ja Jane
"dZ e i" or
"dZ e j"
"dZ e"
je Jester "dZ e" "dZ e"
je Jesus "dZ i" "dZ i:"
ji

Jill "dZ i" "dZ "
For Japanese vocalization, this is the correct form,
though zi or di can be used for loanwords.
ji Jive
"dZ a i" or
"dZ a j"
"dZ a"
jo Joe "dZ o M" "dZ @U"
jo Jog "dZ o" "dZ Q"
ju Juice "dZ M" "dZ u:"
ju Junk "dZ a" "dZ V"
jy "dZ j" "dZ j"
An PA Palatal-Plosive. May also sound similar to
dy, depending on accent desired.
jya Jyaku (evil) "dZ j a" "dZ j V"
jye "dZ j e" "dZ j e"
jyi

"dZ i" "dZ j "
jyo "dZ j o" "dZ j Q"
jyu "dZ j M"
"dZ j U"
or "dZ j
u:"

k
K (letter
pronunciation)
"k e i" or "k
e j"
"kh e" or
"k e"

k q
K (consonant)
or Kick
k or k' k or kh
A Voiceless Velar-Plosive, according to the PA.
With reduced brightness, velocity and dynamics, it
sounds like an PA Voiceless Uvular-Plosive. When
used in the end of a word, M (for Japanese
Vocaloids) or Q or U (for English Vocaloids) can be
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
added to add realism to the vocalization, if
necessary.
ka Kage (shadow) "k a"
"kh V" or
"k V"

ke Kevin "k e"
"kh e" or
"k e"

ke Keep "k' i"
"kh i:" or
"kh i" or
"k i:" or
"k i"
Sometimes "i:", "i" or "" may be used, for English
Vocaloids. Try and see which one works for you.
kh Khmer "k h" "kh h"
An PA Voiceless Uvular-Fricative. An emphasis on
the breathiness on after the k part is placed that
tells it apart from other similar phonemes.
ki Kindred "k' i"
"kh " or
"kh i" or
"k " or "k
i"

ki Kind
"k a i" or "k
a j"
"kh a"
or "k a"

ko
Kobe (place in
Japan)
"k o" or "k h
o"
"kh Q" or
"k Q"

ku Kung (if) "k M"
"kh U" or
"k U"

ku Kuso (shit) "k M"
"kh u:" or
"k u:"

kya
Kyaku
(customer)
"k' a"
"kh j V"
or "k j V"

kyo
Kyoto (place in
Japan)
"k' o"
"kh j Q"
or "k j Q"

kyu
Kyu (old,
previous)
"k' M"
"kh j U"
or "k j U"
or "kh j
u:" or "k j
u:"

l
L (letter
pronunciation)
"e 4" "e l"
L consonant is merged with R in Japanese
phonetics.
l I
L (consonant)
or Lid
4 or 4' l or l0
Vocalized slowly, it is an PA Pharyngealized form.
Normally, an Alveolar-Lateral Approximant in the
PA. With lower breathiness/brightness, but
maximum velocity, it can sound like an PA Velar-
Approximant. Japanese Vocaloids do not have a
natural-sounding L, so they use 4 (R) instead. This
can lead to interesting effects since some Japanese
Vocaloids like Gackpoid has R that sounds more
like L in most octaves. On the other hand, English
Vocaloids have two L vocalizations, where l0 is a
more accented way of pronunciation.
la Lava "4 a" "l0 Q"
Ra can be altered into La midway during synthesis
for Japanese Vocaloids.
le Lesson "4 e" "l0 e"
Re can be altered into Le midway during synthesis
for Japanese Vocaloids
lhl "4 h 4' 4"
"l h l" or
"l0 h l"
or"l h l0"
or "l0 h
l0"
An PA Voiced Epiglottal Fricative. Combines l and
h, with slight resonance on the latter l component.
li Liberty "4' i" "l0 "
t can be hard to disambiguate Ri into Li for
Japanese Vocaloids, depending on the octave.
li Lies
"4 a i" or "4
a j"
"l0 a"
lo Low
"4 o" or "4 a
M"
"l0 @U"
Depending on the Japanese Vocaloid, it sounds
more like Lo than Ro. This can be a problem when
attempting to vocalize rolling R's.
lu Lucy "4 M" "l0 u:"
lu Luck "4 a" "l0 V"
ll t "4 4"
"l l" or "l l
0" or "l0
l" or "l0
A Velar-Lateral Approximant according to the PA.
Basically a stressed l, which may be troublesome
for Japanese Vocaloids, requiring tricks for proper
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
l0" vocalization. A slight dynamics or velocity boost
can get the job done for English Vocaloids.
lla Llama (animal) "4 a" "l0 Q"
llo Lloyd "4 o" "l0 O:"
llu
Llundain (old
London name)
"4 a" "l0 {"
m
M (letter
pronunciation)
"e m" "e m"
m
M (consonant)
or Mum
m m
M is a Bilabial-Nasal, according to the PA. M
sometimes is substituted for N in some cases, and
this is true for all Vocaloids.
m m M (humming) m or "m'" m
This M is a Labiodental-Nasal, according to the PA.
t's mostly for another type of humming, which
applies to all Vocaloids. Add an extra "m" if the
humming is insufficient.
ma Manila "m a" "m V"
ma Maple
"m e i" or
"m e j"
"m e"
For Japanese Vocaloids, two options are possible,
but its usage depends on expected output.
me Men "m e" "m e"
me Measles "m' i" "m i:"
mi
m'
Mint "m' i" "m i:"
mi Mine
"m a i" or
"m a j"
"m a"
mo Monster "m o" "m Q"
mo Mole
"m o M" or
"m o w"
"m @U"
mo Mother "m a" "m V"
mo Moire "m w a" "m w O:"
mu Muda (useless) "m M" "m u:"
mu Mute "m' M" "m j u:"
mu Mundane "m a" "m V"
mya "m' a" "m j V"
myo
Myoji
(surname)
"m' o" "m j Q"
myu "m' M"
"m j u:"
or "m j U"

n N (humming)
n or J or N
or N\
n or m
May be substituted for "n g" in Tagalog
vocalizations in fast tempos.
n
N (letter
pronunciation)
"e n" "e n"
n
q
N (consonant)
or Net
n n
An Alveolar-Nasal, according to the PA. With
reduced brightness, it can sound like an PA
Retroflex-Nasal, a resonating variant that seems to
be throatier. For Japanese Vocaloids, some words
do not terminate properly with N as the last letter.
This may require tricks.

N (letter
pronunciation)
"e n J e" "e n j e"
na National "n a" "n {"
na Navel
"n e i" or "n
e j"
"n e"
ne Never "n e" "n e"
ne Neat "J i" "n i:"
ni Nitpick "J i" "n "
ni Nitrogen
"n a i" or "n
a j"
"n a"
no No "n o"
"n aU" or
"n Q"

no Not "n a" "n V"
nu Number "n a" "n V"
nu Nubile "n M" "n u:"
A Velar-Nasal, according to the PA. Used in
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
ng q Ngaw "n g" or "N
g" or "N\ g"
"n g" or
"N"
English, common in Tagalog and many Spanish
variants. Japanese Vocaloids pronounce this better
in true Hispanic style.
nga Ngayon (now)
"n g a" or
"N\ a" or "N
a"
"n g V" or
"N V"

nge
Nge!
(interjection)
"n g e" or
"N\ e" or "N
e"
"n g e" or
"N e"

ngi Ngiti (smile)
"n g' i" or
"N\ i" or "N
i"
"n g " or
"N "

ngo (Ngo-ngo)
"n g o or
"N\ o" or "N
o"
"n g Q" or
"N Q"

ngu
Nguso (snout,
mouth)
"n g M" or
"N\ M" or
"N M"
"n g U" or
"N U"
Japanese Vocaloids will pronounce this "u"
differently. Tricks will be needed to alter it as
needed.
ny p Nyusu (News) J "n j" An PA Palatal-Nasal.
nya
Nya (shortened
"niya", his or
her)
"J a" "n j V"
For English Vocaloids, "nya" is rather weak in
comparison to Japanese Vocaloids.
nye
Nye!
(interjection)
"J e" "n j e"
nyi

"J i" "n j "
nyo
Nyo (shortened
"ninyo", your)
"J o" "n j Q"
nyu
Nyuin
(hospitalization)
"J M" "n u:"
p
P (letter
pronunciation)
"p' i"
"ph i:" or
"p i:"

p
P (consonant)
or Peep
p or p' p or ph Plosive-bilabial, according to the PA.
pa Pan "p a"
"ph {" or
"p {"

pa Paper
"p e i" or "p
e j"
"ph e" or
"p e"
pe Pen "p e"
"ph e" or
"p e"

pe Peace "p' i"
"ph i:" or
"p i:"

pi Pin "p' i"
"ph " or
"p "

pi
Pineapple or
Pie
"p a i" or "p
a j"
"ph a" or
"p a"

po Pole
"p o" or "p h
a"
"ph @U"
or "p
@U"

po Pom "p o"
"ph O:" or
"p O:"

pu Put "p M"
"ph U" or
"p U" or
"p u:"
Use "p u:" for English Vocaloids to achieve
stressed u's for Japanese vocalization.
pu Pun "p a"
"ph V" or
"p V"

ph Philippines
"p\" or "p\
h"
"f"
As an ending letter, Japanese Vocaloids may
require tricks to get the pronunciation right.
pya
Pyano
(Tagalized
Piano)
"p' a"
"ph j V"
or "p j V"

pyo
Pyongyang
(location in
North Korea)
"p' o"
"ph j Q"
or "p j Q"

pyu "p' M"
"ph j u:"
or "p j u:"
or "ph j
U" or "p j

8/1/12 POLYGLOID
U"
q
Q (letter
pronunciation)
"k' M M"
"kh j u:"
or "k j u:"

qa Qantas "k h a"
"kh Q" or
"k Q"
English Vocaloids may omit "w", but Japanese
Vocaloids need it to sound authentic.
qe "k h e" "kh e"
qi "k C i" "kh "
qo "k h o"
"kh Q" or
"kh O:"

qu Quantum "k w" "kh w"
qu Quote "k M"
"kh w
@U"

qu

Queue "k' M"
"kh j u:"
or "k j u:"

qu Quintuplets "k h w i" "kh w "
que Pique
r
R (letter
pronunciation)
"a 4" "Q@"
For Japanese Vocaloids, tricks may be needed to
make the sound realistic.
r J | r [
R (consonant,
schwa) or Rig
4 or 4' r
This r, depending on the Vocaloid, may be an PA
Alveolar-Flap, Retroflex-Flap, Alveolar-Approximant
or Retroflex Approximant. Some Japanese
Vocaloids may pronounce this sounding like the
letter L.
r n
R (consonant,
rolling)
"4' 4'" R
Depending on the Vocaloid, it may come out as an
PA Alveolar-Trill or Uvular-Trill. Currently, only
Prima has a native rolling R, which is important for
certain languages like Tagalog. To emulate rolling
Rs for those not capable will require tricks.
ra Rally "4 a" "r {"
ra Rain "4 e" "r e"
re Revenge "4' i" "r i:"
re Revel "4 e" "r e"
re Reel "4' i" "r i:"
ri Rivet "4' i" "r i:"
ri Rice
"4 a i" or "4
a j"
"r a"
rl [
"4 4'" or "4
4"
"r l" or "r
l0"
A Retroflex Lateral-Approximant according to the
PA. Tricks are a must for Japanese Vocaloids for
proper vocalization.
ro Rock "4 a" "r Q"
ro Roll "4 o" "r @U"
ro Roam "4 o"
"r Q" or "r
@U"
Depending on desired accent, English Vocaloids
may use different methods.
ru Rule "4 M" "r u:"
ru Rub "4 a" "r V"
rw q "4 h w w" "r h w w"
An PA Labial-Palatal-Approximant. The presence of
short r's are overpowered by the short h and longer
ws.
rya "4' a" "r j V"
rye "4' e" "r j e"
rye Rye (ingredient)
"4 a i" or "4
a j"
"r a"
ryo "4' o"
"r j Q" or
"r Q"
English Vocaloids may have trouble speaking "ryo"
in correct Japanese style.
ryu Ryu (dragon) "4' M"
"r j u:" or
"r u:"
English Vocaloids may have trouble speaking "ryu"
in correct Japanese style.
s
S (letter
pronunciation)
"e s" "e s"
s
S (consonant,
trailing) or Sub
s s
An Alveolar-Fricative, according to the PA. May
require repetition for Japanese Vocaloids to trail
where allowable. n some cases, tricks may be
needed if the desired effect is not achieved.
sa Salmon "s a" "s {"
sa Saber
"s e i" or "s
e j"
"s e"
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
se

Seven
"s e" "s e"
se Seed "s i" "s i:"
si c Silver "s i" "s "
si and shi can sometimes be interchanged in use. si
is used in Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki. shi is the
common Hepburn type of Romanization.
si Siphon
"s a i" or "s
a j"
"s a"
so Sorrow
"s a" or "s
o"
"s Q@"
Depending on desired accent, Japanese Vocaloids
have two ways of achieving this pronunciation.
so Solve "s o" "s Q"
su Sulfur "s M"
"s V" or
"s U"

su Such "s a" "s V"
sy Syllable "s i" "s "
sh [ p c Shawl S S
With decreased brightness, it is a Post Alveolar-
Fricative according to the PA. When brightness and
breathiness is further reduced, as well as its
vocalization lengthened, it can become an PA
Voiceless Retroflex-Fricative. On the other hand,
default settings but slightly-increased breathiness
makes it also an PA Voiceless Alveolar-Palatal-
Fricative.
sha Shampoo "S a" "S {"
she
She (female
pronoun)
"S i" "S i:"
she Shell "S e" "S e"
shi
c
Shiver "S i" "S "
For Japanese vocalization, this is the correct
Hepburn Romanization for Shi, though Si can also
be used especially in loanwords.
shi
Shine
(illumination)
"S a i" or "S
a j"
"S a"
shl I "S 4" "S l"
An PA Alveolar-Lateral Fricative. Neither Vocaloids
can trail the S part properly, so tricks will be needed
to get the pronunciation right.
sho Shoddy
"S o" or "S
a"
"S Q"
sho Shone "S o" "S Q"
shu
Shumai
(dumpling)
"S M" "S u:"
shu Shun "S a" "S V"
sya
Sya (Tagalog
variant of
"Siya")
"s j a" or "s
i a"
"s j V" sya is Kunrei-shiki and Nihon-shiki variant of sha.
syo
Syobon
(Miserable)
"s j o" "s j Q"
syu "s j M"
"s j u:" or
"s j U"

t
T (letter
pronunciation)
"t' i" or "t C
i"
"th i:" or
"t i:"

t [ T (consonant) t or t' t or th
An Alveolar-Plosive, according to the PA. When
manipulated with lower volume, brightness and/or
breathiness, it can sound like an PA Retroflex-
Plosive. A vowel may need to be added for
Japanese Vocaloids to achieve proper pronunciation
in some cases. For smooth "t"s for Japanese
Vocaloids, add h or C.
ta Tandem
"t a" or "t h
a"
"th {" or "t
{"

ta Taste
"t e" or "t h
e"
"th e" or
"t e"

ta Talk
"t o" or "t h
o"
"th O:" or
"t O:"

te Test
"t e" or "t h
e"
"th e" or
"t e"

te Tee
"t' i" or "t C
i"
"th i:" or
"t i:"

"d h" or d or A Dental-Fricative according to the PA. Japanese
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
th The dz or d' or
"d p\"
D Vocaloids have many ways to achieve the
pronunciation, and it depends on the desired accent.
th 0 Thin "t p\" T
A Dental-Fricative, according to the PA. English
Vocaloids has a hard "T". Japanese Vocaloids can
get this with regular "t" by volume increase or using
tricks.
ti Timid
"t' i" or "t C
i"
"th " or "t
"
T and CH may be interchanged in Japanese; T is
used in place of CH on Hepburn-based
Romanization of Kana.
ti Tiny
"t a i" or "t
a j" or "t h a
i" or "t h a j"
"th a" or
"t a"
Depending on Japanese Vocaloids, pick which
gives the best effect in pronunciation.
to Toes
"t o M" or "t
o w"
"th @U"
or "t @U"

to Tonight "t M"
"th V" or
"t V" or
"th U" or
"t U"

to Toss "t o"
"th O:" or
"t O:"

tu Tundra
"t a" or "t h
a"
"th V" or
"t V"

tu Tune "t M"
"th u:" or
"t u:"

tu
Tusok (Tagalog
for "pierce")
"t M"
"th U" or
"t U"
As the "u" component for Japanese Vocaloids is
unnatural for some dialects, some tricks may be
needed to get the right accent.
tsa "ts a"
"th s V"
or "t s V"

tse "ts e"
"th s e"
or "t s e"

tsi "ts i"
"th s " or
"t s " or
"th s i:"
or "t s i:"

tso
Tsokolate (old
Spanish for
"chocolate")
"ts o"
"th s Q"
or "t s Q"

tsu Tsuma (boring) "ts M"
"th s u:"
or "t s u:"
Tsu is the correct Romanization for Japanese
vocalization. Tu can be used for loanwords.
ty c "t'"
"th j" or "t
j"
An PA Palatal-Plosive. May also be "cha",
depending on target accent for any Vocaloids.
tya "t' a"
"th j V" or
"t j V"

tyo "t' o"
"th j Q" or
"t j Q"

tyu "t' M"
"th j u:"
or "t j u:"

v
V (letter
pronunciation)
"p\ b' i" "v i:"
V is somewhat disregarded in modern Japanese,
though it has Katakana equivalents. Prolonged
vocalization with breathiness can turn B into V for
Japanese Vocaloids.
v
V (consonant)
or Valve
"p\ b" or
"p\ b'"
v
Prolonged vocalization with breathiness can turn B
into V for Japanese Vocaloids. A vowel like U (M)
may be needed to be added for Japanese
Vocaloids, together with some tricks, to achieve
desired pronunciation. Unmodified, it is a
Labiodental-Fricative that trails, however, with
shorter velocity and faster vocalization, it becomes
a Bilabial-Fricative, as per PA.
v
V (untrailed
shwa)
"p\ b" v
A Labiodental-Flap according to the PA. Shorten
the velocity to zero to get a somewhat-close effect.
Applies to all Vocaloids.
va Vandal "p\ b a" "v {"
into V for Japanese Vocaloids.
va Vain
"p\ b e i" or
"p\ b e j"
"v e"
ve
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
Vest "p\ b e" "v e" Prolonged vocalization with breathiness can turn B
ve Vehicle "p\ b' i h" "v i:"
vi Violent
"p\ b a i" or
"p\ b a j"
"v a"
vi Visitor "p\ b' i" "v "
vo Volition "p\ b h o" "v O:"
vo Volume
"p\ b h a" or
"b h o"
"v Q"
vo Vogue "p\ b a M" "v @U"
vo Voodoo "p\ b p\ M" "v u:"
vu Vuelta (tour) "p\ b M" "v u:"
vu Vulcan
"b p\ a" or
"p\ b a"
"v V"
vu Vue "p\ b' M" "v j u:"
w
W (letter
pronunciation)
"d a b a 4'
M"
"dh V b V
l j u:"

w u
W (consonant)
or Wick
w or M w
As a semivowel or semiconsonant, depending on
accent intended, w also sounds like u or even v. t
sounds mainly like a Labiodental-Approximant as it
sounds like a Voiced Labiovelar-Approximant as per
PA. t may be an alternative for Japanese
Vocaloids for alternative u vocalization.
wa Wallow "w a" "w Q"
wa Water "w a" "w O:"
wa Wait
"w e i" or "w
e j"
"w e"
we Web "w e" "w e"
we We (together) "w i" "w i:"
wi
Win "w i" "w " W is deprecated in modern Japanese.
wi Wine
"w a i" or "w
a j"
"w a"
wo Woven
"w o M" or
"w o w"
"w @U"
wo Wok "w o" "w Q"
wo Won "w a" "w V"
wo Wolf "w M" "w U"
wu
Wushu (martial
art)
"w M" "w u:"
wh hw Which
"w i" or "h w
i"
"w " or
"h w "

x
X (letter
pronunciation)
"e k s" or "e
k s M"
"e k s"
Japanese Vocaloids cannot trail the consonant S in
this setting, and may require some techniques.
x X (consonant) k or k' or dz
k or kh or
z

xa Xavier
"dz e i" or
"dz e j"
"z e"
xa Xandolf "dz a" "z V"
xe Xerxes "dz e" "z @r"
xe Xenon "dz i" "z i:"
xe "dz e" "z e"
xi "dz i" "z "
xo "dz o" "z Q"
xu "dz M"
"z U" or
"z u:"

y
Y (letter
pronunciation)
"w a i" or "w
a j"
"w a"
Y (semivowel
A Palatal-Approximant, according to the PA.
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
y j / or
semiconsonant)
or Yacht
j or J or i j
Slightly lengthened in pronunciation or added with i
somewhere, it becomes an PA Palatal-Lateral
Approximant.
ya Yam "j a" "j {"
ya Yale
"j e i" or "j e
j"
"j e"
ya Yawn "j o" "j O:"
ye Yes "j e" or "i e" "j e"
yi Ying "i i" "j "
"yi" does not exist in Japanese phonetics, however,
"i" can sometimes recreate this vocalization.
yo York "j o" "j O@"
yo Yon (four) "j o" "j Q"
yo Young "j a" or "i a" "j V"
yo You "j M" "j u:"
yu Yum "j a" or "i a" "j V"
yu

Yuan "j M" "j u:"
z
Z (letter
pronunciation)
"dz i" "z i:"
z
Z (consonant)
or Zany
dz or z z
An Alveolar-Fricative, according to the PA. For
Japanese Vocaloids, z syntax ONLY works with
Luka and Miku. Everybody else uses dz. Luka also
uses dz in her Japanese voicebank though. Miku
also has some z M, z e, and z o.
za Zap "dz a" "z {"
ze
Zero (Japanese
/ Asian
pronunciation)
"dz e" "z e"
ze
Zero (Western
pronunciation)
"dz i" "z "
ze Zenith "dz i" "z i:"
zh q
Z or "Z h"
or "dz h"
Z or "Z h"
or "z h"
An PA Retroflex-Fricative.
zhl g "dZ 4 a" "dZ l {"
An PA Alveolar-Lateral Fricative. Neither Vocaloids
can pronounce the trailing dZ properly, so tricks are
definitely needed.
zhy "dZ h j" "dZ h j"
An PA Palatal-Fricative, improvised in Vocaloid.
May also sound similar to zy or jy.
zi Zip "dz i" "z "
zo Zombie "dz o" "z Q"
zo Zone "dz o M" "z @U"
zu

Zune "dz M"
"z u:" or
"z U"
For Japanese vocalization, zu is sometimes
substituted with du in case of loanwords.
zy Z or "dz j" Z or "z j" An PA Post Alveolar-Fricative.
zy Zygote
"dz a i" or
"dz a j"
"z a"
zya
"Z a" or "dz
j a"
"Z a" or
"z j V"
Oddly enough, of all Japanese Vocaloids, only
Gumi doesn't have Z phoneme.
zye
"Z e" or "dz
j e"
"Z e" or
"z j e"
zyi
"Z i" or "dz i
i"
"Z " or "z
j "
zyo
"Z o" or "dz
j o"
"Z Q" or
"z j Q"
zyu
"Z M" "dz j
M"
"Z U" or
"z j U"
EngIish VocaIoids aIso contain intermediate phonemes, which comprises of voweI combinations. These can be emuIated for
Japanese VocaIoids, but may require further adjustment.
This Iist is stiII being compIeted, and is intended to be an exhaustive Iist of phonemes.
COPYRGHT 2009 MNC Technologies and Orochi Herman.
8/1/12 POLYGLOID
VOCALOD and VOCALOD2 is a product of Yamaha Corporation.
Original contents may not be used in commercial public media unless explicitly permitted or otherwise specified.
All other copyrighted elements not mentioned are the properties of their respective owners.

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Egg e e A common syntax.

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