Laboratory Exercise 1 MICROSCOPY Objectives: At the end of the exercise, the student must be able to: 1.

Identify and describe the parts and functions of each part of a bright-field microscope. 2. Practice proper care, handling, cleaning and storage of the microscope. 3. Develop skill in the manipulation of the microscope in observing microscopic specimens. 4. Record microscopic observations correctly. Materials: Compound microscope, immersion oil, lens paper/cotton, cleansing solution (95% alcohol), prepared slides of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae Procedures: A. Parts and its Functions 1. Place the compound microscope on a bench or table squarely (at least six inches away from the edge of the working table) in front of you. 2. Examine and identify the different parts of the compound microscope. 3. Label the figure found in your lab report. 4. List the parts and describe under each classification (complete the table provided): a. Mechanical (support and adjustment) b. Illumination c. Magnification B. Handling and Manipulation 1. Obtain any prepared slides listed and place it on the stage, secure the slide with stage clip. 2. Adjust the eyepiece to your own personal measurements, look through the eyepiece, adjust distance if youre using binocular eyepiece. 3. Focus first on the LPO. Adjust the iris diaphragm and condenser (by raising or lowering) for desired light background effect. Use the coarse adjustment knob to bring the objectives to its nearest distance while looking thru the slide, then looking thru the ocular slowly until the object is in focus. 4. To observe minute details of specimen, shift to HPO by rotating the revolving nosepiece while looking at the slide. Make sure the objectives clicks into position. Sharpen the image by slight movement of fine adjustment knob. Never use the coarse adjustment knob when HPO or OIO is in place, you will break the slide and damage the lens. 5. To use the HPO, swing it to place. Since it has a smaller aperture than the low power objective, the iris diaphragm must be opened to fill the objective aperture with light. Sharpen the focus with the fine adjustment knob. 6. After focussing the HPO, rotate the nosepiece halfway between HPO and OIO. Put a drop of oil on the centre of the slide; slowly click the OIO in position to immerse the object into the oil drop. Use fine adjustment knob until the image appear clear. 7. Record your microscopic observations. Illustrate each prepared slide as it is seen in HPO. 8. After observing, rotate the LPO/ scanning objective in position. Using the coarse adjustment knob, make sure that the nosepiece/ base is at its lowest position to obtain maximum working distance. 9. Remove the slide from the stage, gently clean the objectives with lens paper or cotton moistened with 95% alcohol, starting with the cleanest firstocular, low power, high power and oil immersion. 10. Turn off the microscope light and unplug the microscope. Carry the microscope with both hands, one hand grasping the arm and the other supporting the base. Return to its shelf.

NAMES:

DATE PERFORMED: DATE SUBMITTED:

Laboratory Exercise No. 1 MICROSCOPY RESULTS: A. Parts of the Microscope (Properly label the parts of the microscope.)

A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

H. I. J. K. L. M.

B. Function of the Parts of the Microscope Parts I. Mechanical A. Support 1. Base 2. Arm 3. Pillar 4. Stage platform 5. Stage knob 6. Revolving nosepiece 7. Draw tube 8. Body tube B. Adjustment 1. Coarse adjustment knob 2. Fine adjustment knob 3. Inclination knob II. Illumination 1. Mirror/ Light 2. Condenser 3. Iris diaphragm III. Magnifying 1. Scanner 2. LPO 3. HPO 4. OIO 5. Ocular/ Eyepiece Functions

C. Prepared Slides (Illustrate each prepared slide as it is seen in HPO.) Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x) Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ HPO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ HPO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x)

Name of Microorganism: ____________________ OIO (___x)

Questions: 1. How can each objective be identified if the identification marks are removed?

2. How is total magnification of the compound microscope determined?

3. What is the purpose of the oil in the oil immersion objective?

4. What is meant by resolving power and how is it related to magnification? What factor(s) limit (s) the resolving power of the light microscope? How would you enhance it?

5. What are the different types of microscope, their distinguishing features, and practical uses? Tabulate your answers.