Building Technology 5

STEEL DECKING ` Origin of Steel Decking ` Definition of Terms ` Types of Steel Decking ` Advantage & Disadvantage ` Examples of buildings

STEEL DECKING
Steel decking is used in a wide variety of commercial and industrial applications.It includes steel roof and floor decking, aluminum floor decking, and acoustical metal decking. Metal decking typically has a ribbed or corrugated profile that is achieved through a process called roll forming. Large sheets of metal are pulled off of rolls and led through rolling dies that create the ribbed profile. Steel decking, when used as flooring, can provide additional stability to a structural frame. When used as roof decking, a narrower rib pattern must be created to increase strength and support roofing materials. Steel decking is an economical, permanent, easy-to-install option for builders. As a cold-rolled steel product, it offers high quality with little maintenance. Steel decking exposed to the elements will typically be galvanized to prevent rusting.

The bent profile of the typical steel deck works the same with that of the folded plates, serving as a homogenous little beams combined with the flat slab, in steel.

ORIGINS OF STEEL DECKING

Steel decking was first used to support a concrete floor in the 1920s. Loucks and Giller described a steel-deck system in a patent filed in 1926. In this early development, the steel deck provided all the structural resistance, concrete was added to provide a level walking surface and fire resistance. The use of steel deck was attractive to constructors as it served as permanent formwork and construction platform, and was an attractive alternative to reinforced concrete slab floors.

ORIGINS OF STEEL DECKING

By 1938, engineers were using a noncomposite cellular floor system produced by the H.H. Robertson Company (referred to as the keystone beam because of the dovetail shape of the steel deck cross section) in industrial buildings.

ORIGINS OF STEEL DECKING

The first composite slabs, concrete reinforced by the steel deck, appeared in the 1950s. The first was a product known as Cofar, produced by the Granco Steel Products Company, which was a trapezoidal deck section with cold drawn wires (Twires) welded transversely across the deck ribs. The slab was analyzed as a traditional reinforced concrete slab and found to be in good correspondence between predicted and experimental strengths.

ORIGINS OF STEEL DECKING

In 1961, the Inland-Ryerson Company produced a trapezoidal steel deck with indentations rolled into the profile to achieve horizontal shear transfer between the concrete and steel. This floor deck, known as HiBond, was the forerunner of most modern composite steel decks that use embossments to develop bond between the concrete and the deck.

ORIGINS OF STEEL DECKING

By the mid 1960s, a number of manufacturers were producing composite steel decks, validating the load carrying capacity of the composite slab through proprietary testing. Each steel deck manufacturer, employing sound engineering design principles, developed their product by extensive independent research so that the approving building code agency would grant acceptance of the particular steel deck system. In many cases the local building code official requested additional test data from the manufacturer, depending on the particular construction situation.

Terminologies
Plank

The plank is an important part of steel decking. This is the portion upon which you walk. The metal plank can be a grate or have a special tread for traction. Planks may also be solid panels that can be designed to fit the space you need. Planks come in several materials and types including steel, fiber glass, expanded metal or bars. Stair treads Like planks, the stair treads can be grating, made of expanded metal, slotted, or have large or small holes. Stair treads can also come with traction, or raised holes on the tread itself.

Terminologies
Composite steel (SEE PICTURE ON THE NEXT SLIDES) Composite steel decking is cold-formed, acting as permanent decking. This type of decking comes in a variety of finishes including phosphatized, galvanized or painted. Composite decking works well with concrete and is offered in various gauges, ranging from 16 to 22. Roof decking (SEE PICTURE ON THE NEXT SLIDES) Roof decking is a type of steel decking made in various gauges and finishes that make them weather resistant. Various configurations of roof decking include rounded or angular corrugations. Button punch A button punch tool helps in the construction of the steel decking. The tool crimps the various steel decking pieces together so that they are welded securely.

Types of Steel Decking

Metal Roof Deck Steel roof deck is designed for pitched, flat, or arched construction on virtually all types of buildings. Roof deck is popular because it is strong, lightweight, economical, and easy to install. Roof deck can be produced with acoustical, cellular, or cellular/acoustical properties if required. Composite Metal Deck Composite Steel Floor Deck has a ribbed profile with embossments designed to interlock with concrete slabs, creating a reinforced concrete slab that serves the dual purpose of permanent form and positive reinforcement.

Types of Steel Decking

Metal Form Deck Steel Form Deck is designed to serve as a permanant steel base for poured reinforced concrete floor slabs. Installation is fast, easy, and economical: the need for temporary wood forming is eliminated.

TYPES OF STEEL DECKING (BASED ON PRODUCTS/APPLICATION) Roof Deck

Roof deck are typically used as the structural component of many flat, pitched, or arched roof systems because of their benefits with regards to strength, weight, and economy. It is commonly attached to open web steel joists, structural steel, or light gage framing. Aside from the standard roof deck profiles, longspan, cellular, acoustic, and cellular acoustic products are also available to meet project needs.

COMPOSITE FLOOR DECK

Composite Steel Floor Deck
has a ribbed profile with embossments designed to interlock with concrete slabs, creating a reinforced concrete slab that serves the dual purpose of permanent form and positive reinforcement.

Non-Composite (Form) Deck

Non-Composite decks are used when only a form for a concrete slab is desired.

Long-Span (Deep) Deck A variety of long-span decks are available for both roof and form applications. The profile depths of 4 , 6, and 7 allow the deck to span longer distances between supports and achieve additional load capacity.

Cellular Deck

Cellular deck consists of a flat liner panel shop welded to a deck element to create a deck product that provides the strength of a corrugated deck while achieving a flat appearance from the underside. The cellular deck can be used for a roof, composite, or form deck application.

Acoustic Deck

Acoustic deck contains fiberglass insulation batts that are designed to absorb sound and prevent echoing within the space. For non-cellular deck there are perforations in the webs with fiberglass batts field installed on top of the deck in the low flutes. Cellular deck has perforations in the liner panel with the batts shop installed into the cells of the deck.

 Bridge Form
Our bridge form product line consists of a variety of profiles that are typically used to form the slabs of bridges or thick slab applications. Specialty bridge accessories as well as crimped ends for some of our profiles are also available.

STEEL DECKING

Picture of steel decking for flooring:

View of steel decking for flooring (seen from its underside):

Close-up View of steel decking for flooring (note the temp bars, placed bothways (B.W.):

Image of steel decking for flooring (applying shotcrete)

Detailed drawings:

Composite beams incorporating composite slabs. (a) Deck perpendicular to secondary beam. (b) Deck parallel to primary beam

Advantages:
1.

Speed of construction 2. Safe method of construction 3. Saving in weight 4. Saving in transport 5. Structural stability 6. Shallower construction 7. Sustainability 8. Easy installation of services