Am J Orthod. 1982 Nov;82(5):403-10.

The relation between nasorespiratory function and dentofacial morphology: a review.

O'Ryan FS, Gallagher DM, LaBanc JP, Epker BN. Abstract
It is commonly assumed that nasorespiratory function can exert a dramatic effect upon the development of the dentofacial complex. Specifically, it has been stated that chronic nasal obstruction leads to mouth breathing, which causes altered tongue and mandibular positions. If this occurs during a period of active growth, the outcome is development of the "adenoid facies" (dentofacial morphology). Such patients characteristically manifest a vertically long lower third facial height, narrow alar bases, lip incompetence, a long and narrow maxillary arch, and a greater than normal mandibular plane angle. These dentofacial traits have repeatedly been attributed to restricted nasorespiratory function. It is generally believed that environmental factors can exert subtle or dramatic effects upon dentofacial morphology, depending upon their magnitude, duration, and time of occurrence. The purpose of this article is to present a critical review of the literature concerning the effect of one such environmental factor, nasal airway function, upon dentofacial morphogenesis. This review will critically examine the most frequently cited papers reporting a relationship between nasorespiratory function and dentofacial morphology. In summary, this critical review fails to support a consistent relationship between obstructed nasorespiratory function and the adenoid facies or long-face syndrome. Additional objective evaluations of this relation are encouraged.
PMID:

6984292

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Tonsillitis (/tnslats/ TON-s-LEYE-tis) is inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms may include sore throat and fever. When caused by a bacterium belonging to the group A streptococcus, it is typically referred to as strep throat. The overwhelming majority of people recover completely with or without medication. In 40%, symptoms will resolve in three days, and within one week in 85% of people, regardless of whether streptococcal infection is present or [1] not.

Contents
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1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 4 Treatment 5 Prognosis 6 References 7 External links

Signs and symptoms[edit]

Common signs and symptoms include: sore throat red, swollen tonsils pain when swallowing high temperature (fever) coughing headache tiredness chills a general sense of feeling unwell (malaise) white pus-filled spots on the tonsils swollen lymph nodes (glands) in the neck pain in the ears or neck
[2][3][4][5]

Less common symptoms include: nausea stomach ache vomiting furry tongue bad breath (halitosis) voice changes difficulty opening the mouth (trismus)

In cases of acute tonsillitis, the surface of the tonsil may be bright red and with visible white areas or [6] streaks of pus. Tonsilloliths occur in up to 10% of the population frequently due to episodes of tonsillitis.
[7]