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PIERS Proceedings, Suzhou, China, September 1216, 2011

Design and Construction of UWB Antennas

J. Sosa-Pedroza, E. Gardu no-Nolasco, F. Martinez-Z un iga, and M. Enciso Instituto Polit ecnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME-Zacatenco, Edif. Z-4 3er Piso, CP 07738, M exico

Abstract We present design results of two cases of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) quasi circular
patch antennas, one with coplanar feeding (CPW) and the other one with microstrip feeding. Both antennas are an evolution from a circular patch structure softening the edges to improve the antenna performance, agreeing with the theory proposed Kraus. After the evolution there were improvements concerning reection coecient and number of resonant frequencies throughout the operating bandwidth. The operational frequency range is from 500 MHz to 15 GHz using a design frequency of 4.5 GHz. The antenna feeding impedance is proposed to be 50 ohms. The antennas with the best simulation response are constructed to test the practical performance of experiment. 1. INTRODUCTION

The technique to increase the bandwidth (BW) of circular antenna was proposed by Kraus in 1988 [1], by smoothing the transition between feed line and the antenna; this technique is easily applied to patch antennas with microstrip or coplanar feeding; radiator patch and ground plane can provide an almost constant input impedance over wide bandwidths Radiating elements patches of printed antennas have a variety of forms, as triangular, rectangular, square, elliptical, circular, among others [2, 3]. However, it has been found that circular structures have smaller dimensions related with the operation frequency [4], Moreover, the circular structure oers another important advantage: the only control variable for the structure design is the patch radius, that is the reason circular or disk antennas are very popular and widely used nowadays. Recently some techniques have been developed to improve BW of circular planar antenna, as introducing a slot into the circular patch, adding new resonant frequencies. We propose in this paper a smooth transition between the circular planar antenna and the ground plane and the microstrip feeding, as was originally established by Kraus in histheoretical volcano smoke antenna [1]. We start with the design of a circular patch antenna working in a frequency of 4.5 GHz.
2. GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS

Both antennas were designed using CST and ADS commercial available software, comparing results to ensure the best performance. The only design parameter is the circular patch diameter, after obtain the initial diameter we smooth edges of circular patch with feeding and ground plane, until we get the best S11 parameter; after that, the best antenna was constructed. For the 4.5 GHz, selected frequency, the design patch radius was 11.24 mm, after use [5]: R= F
2h q +1.7726] 1+ e F [ln F 2h

(1)

where: 9 791 10 ; F = 8.f e r fr = Resonant frequency in Hz; e = Dielectric eective constant; R = Patch radius in mm; h = Substrate thickness in mm. On the other hand, the microstripline dimensions are obtained as [4]: 8A W 2A 2 , d <2 W = B 1 ln(2 B 1) 2 d , W 0.61 r 1 d >2 + 2 r {ln(B 1) + 0.39 r }

(2)

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where

is the line length and: Z0 r + 1 r 1 + 60 2 r + 1 377 B= 2Z0 r A= 0.23 + 0.11 r

(3)

For the CPW feeding line the design equations are [4]: W = d where: x, Z < 120 r 0 0.85 0.6 x, r Z0 > 120 30 0.441 x= r Z0 (4)

(5)

3. CONSTRUCTION

Antennas were constructed over a substrate RF35-A with r = 3.5 and 0.762 mm thick, the sharp edges of the original circular patches were softened for both antennas following procedure outlined in [6]; Figure 1 shows the CPW circular patch, and Figure 2 the modied antenna, while Figure 3 shows the circular microstrip patch and Figure 4 the modied microstrip antenna.
4. EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESULTS

Both, simulation and measurementsresults are presented for reection coecient S11 , gain and eld pattern, over a band from 500 MHz to 15 GHz, for circular and modied antennas. Following are simulated results comparison of circular patches with microstrip and CPW feeding and the corresponding modied antennas. Figures 5 and 6 show S11 parameter.We consider the 10 dB line the reference for good matching conditions. Figures 7 and 8 show the response in gain and Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12 some eld patterns at dierent frequencies. As it is seen, there is a very good improvement for each parrameter after smothing edges of circular antennas. We also can compare results for the two feeding types: coupling is better for coplanar feeding, while gain is better for miscrostrip line. Field patterns are almost the same in both cases.

Figure 1: CPW circular patch.

Figure 2: Modied CPW antenna.

Figure 3: Microstrip circular patch.

Figure 4: Modied microstrip antenna.

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PIERS Proceedings, Suzhou, China, September 1216, 2011

Figure 5: S11 for circular antennas.

Figure 6: S11 for modied antennas.

Figure 7: Circular antenna gain.

Figure 8: Modied antenna gain.

(a) 2.5 GHz

(b) 5 GHz

(a) 2.5 GHz

(b) 5 GHz

Figure 9: Patterns for circular patches.

Figure 10: Patterns for modied patches.

(a) 2.5 GHz

(b) 5 GHz

(a) 2.5 GHz

(b) 5 GHz

Figure 11: Patterns for circular patches.

Figure 12: Patterns for modied patches.

In the same way we present the experimental results. Figures 13 and 14 show the S11 measured for the circular and modied antennas respectively. Figures 15 and 16 show the measured gain for microstrip and CPW antennas respectively.

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Figure 13: S11 for circular antennas.

Figure 14: S11 for modied antennas.

Figure 15: Microstrip antenna gain.

Figure 16: CPW antenna gain.

Comparing Figures 13 and 14, we can see that there is a good improvement for the the modied antennas, mainly in that of CPW feeding. It seems that construction of microstrip feeding antenna was not as good as what we expected, and we have to improve the way we did it. On the other hand, comparing Figures 15 and 16 with simulated gain response of Figure 8, we can see the good agreement between them;as it seen, microstrip feeding antenna shows a higher gain,compared with the CPW feed antenna but coplanar feeding antenna has better reection coecient in a softness curve.
5. CONCLUSION

We have applied the edge smoothing technique in the design of UWB antennas, improving reection and gain parameter over a wide band for two dierent feeding techniques: microstrip and coplanar. Although practical results are not as good as they were expected, needing to improve our construction techniques, we conclude that the employed technique provide good results.
REFERENCES

1. Kraus, J. D., Antennas, 2nd Edition, 692694, McGraw Hill, New York, 1988. 2. Wong, K. L., Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas, 1st Edition, Chap. 1, 2 and Chap. 4, 144154, Wiley Ed., 2006. 3. Mart nez-V azquez, M., O. Litschke, M. Geissler, D. Heberling, M. Antonio, and D. Mart nezGonz alez, Integrated planar multiband antennas for personal communication handsets, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 2, February 2006. 4. Liang, J., C. C. Chiau, X. Chen, and C. G. Parini, Printed circular disc monopole antenna for Ultrawideband applications, Electronics Letters, Vol. 40, No. 20, September 30, 2004. 5. Pozar, D., Microwave Engeenering, 2nd Edition, 162, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, John Wiley & Sons, 1998. 6. Gardu no-Nolasco, E., J. R. Sosa-Pedroza, and H. Jard on-Aguilar, An UWB microstrip feeding quasi circular antenna, 7th International Congress on Electrical Computer Science and Automatic Control, Tuxtla Guti errez, Chiapas, M exico, September 2010.