APPLICATION OFDYNAMICDISTRIBUTION PRICINGMODELONPRACTICALINDIANUTILITY

Dr.NPP D Padhy dh DepartmentofElectricalEngineering IndianInstituteofTechnology Technology,Roorkee247667

 Introduction Electricity y Markets Dynamic Distribution Network Pricing Model Development Test System Conclusion C l i

Outline tline

Infrastructure networks transfer power from point of generation to point g p of consumption p

Large power station

Substation

Substation

132 kV system 33 kV system Substation

Factory

Transformer 415 V system

11 kV system

12/22/2011

Homes

Dynamic Distribution Network Pricing Model

Dynamic Pricing F t (DPF) Factor

F F H H
Second Level Pricing First Level Pricing First Quadrant

2
Origin (0,0) ( , )

A 2

B 1 1

2 1 C 1 2
L
Fourth Quadrant

Voltage

JJ J

Third Level Pricing

Fourth Level Pricing

Four level operation based on the bus voltage profiles

Network Charging Variables

O A B C D

K1 , K 2 , K 3 , K 4 a,b,c and d

Optimum system voltage level to be maintained Minimum lower limit of voltage Lower limit of voltage Upper limit of voltage Maximum upper limit of voltages First level control angle Second level control angle Third level control angle Fourth level control angle Level control intercept Cost image factor [CIF]

V * tan(1 )

B V

< 0

V * t a n ( 1 )

0 < V

f2 (V ) = V *tan(2 ) + K2
b be
( MLLV )

A V < B V < A

f1 (V ) =

V * t a n ( 2 ) + K 1

C < V D V > D

ae

(V M U L )

Second Level Operation

First Level Operation

Third Level Operation

Fourth Level Operation

V * tan( 1 )

B V < 0 AV < B V < A

f3 (V ) = V *tan( 2 ) + K3
c e ( M LL V
)

V * t a n ( 1 )

0 <V C C <V D V > D

f 4 (V ) =

V * tan( 2 ) + K 4

d e (V M U L )

Functional Selection for Dynamic Distribution Network Pricing

Voltage Limits Switching Level of Operation Pricing Function

<A A-B A B B-O O-C C-D >D

+ve,-ve +ve,-ve +ve, ve +ve,-ve +ve,-ve , +ve,-ve +ve,-ve

3,2 3,2 3,2 1,4 , 1,4 1,4

H, J H,J I,G E,K F, L F, L

Composite Pricing Model Development

START GETSYSTEMDATA RUNLOADFLOW GETBUSVOLTAGES ISSYSTEMSIZE500 NODES

NO YES ISLOAD BASECASE GETBASES YES

INCREMENTALPOWERFLOWANALYSIS NO CHECKVOLTAGEANDPF LRICCHARGEEVALUATION

OPERATEIN1ST LEVEL

OPERATEIN2ND LEVEL

OPERATEIN3RD LEVEL

OPERATEIN4TH LEVEL

SWITCHINGVOLTAGEPRICE

DYNAMICCHARGES

LRMCCHARGEEVALUATION

END

Network Pricing Model Development

Algorithm for Dynamic Network Charging

Define f cost associated with each circuit and set the optimum, p minimum and maximum voltage limits Determination of Cost Factor Determine voltage switching and leading / lagging orientation of power factors at each voltage level for deciding the level of f operation p Determination of Dynamic charges/ incentives LRIC/LRMC charge calculation and translation to hourly charges Combining dynamic and static charging

Network Pricing Model Development

Determination of Cost Factor
Assumption : Operation costs at various voltage levels are known i i.e. e at MUL, UL, O, LL and MLL
Ci

F a c to r

C I F ' C I F

Network Pricing Model Development

Determination of Dynamic charges/ incentives

DNP ) DCDt ) + (CFactor ,t (k )* ) DCDt )* ) P% 1t = (CFactor ,t (k )*

LRIC charge calculation and translation to hourly charges

D N P21 = D N P2 2 L R IC N 8760 LR M C = 8760

Combining dynamic and static charging

DNPt = ( DNP21 , DNP22 ) + DNP 1t + DNP 1t * P %

Network Pricing Model Development

Determine voltage switching and leading / lagging orientation of

power factors at each voltage level for deciding the level of operation

High Voltage Region

Low Voltage Region

Incentivize Lagging

Incentivize Leading

Charge Leading

Charge Lagging

Power Factor Orientation Charging Selection

Test System

26 24

Network Asset Cost

$3193400

S3 S2 DG
Discount Rate 6.9%

D E M A N D /G E N E R A T IO N M W

22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 0

Load Growth Rate

1.6%

Asset Life, Line Capacity ( l12,l23)

40 years,( 43.7964 MW, 17.0139 MW)

10

15

20

25

HOURS

Test System

3 2 1

C h a rg e s
0 -1 -2 2 -3 -4 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Utilization (%)

90

100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

04 0.4

0.45

0.5

Difference in Charges ($/MW/yr/hr)

Difference in Charges from the LRIC and LRMC

Test System
HOUR Recovery_LRIC_S2 Recovery_LRIC_S3 Recovery_LRMC_S2 Recovery_LRMC_S3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total

0.02355 -12.145664 -20.464976 -34.585236 0.577592 1.110116 4.205728 68.182306 60.444911 60.444911 5.6664 4.551393 0.15776 0.836384 1.00394 5.715385 1.259818 9.95512 11.46659 13.002219 10.951878 10.951878 48.599664 0.02832 251.939987

-9.28392 -41.761953 -91.131222 -87.623466 10.496112 8.608271 32.086067 41.757687 41.736141 41.736141 12.17993 12.791148 -2.826 36.527802 40.16505 22.821584 -2.76744 6.549903 12.499737 0 0 0 15.23048 -7.844956 91.947096

0.040248 -12.136384 -27.322022 -49.35284 2.113924 2.025933 7.589862 70.340456 64.726727 65.310697 8.37556 9.321719 0.5104 1.447068 1.6157 8.511517 8.78031 10.194798 28.154665 13.052999 11.435656 11.740336 48.694401 0.12064 285.29237

-9.07182 -41.471973 -86.332212 -77.549556 12.298732 9.098761 33.668557 71.352657 56.341251 70.315371 14.55173 14.770908 -2.45808 37.095522 42.64875 27.581274 -2.17659 7.273962 15.113817 0 0 0 15.26708 -5.160316 203.157825

Test System

2 1.8

D if f e r e n c e in C h a r g e s ( $ /M W /Y r /h r )

D iffe re n c e in C h a rg e s ($ /M W /Y r/h r)

1.6 1.4 1.2

0.5

04 0.4

1 0.8

0.3

0.6 04 0.4 0.2

0.2

0.1

0 100

0 100

90

50 80

Utilization (%)

70
0

60
1.5

50

40

2.5

Utilization (%)

30

20

10

Load Growth Rate

0 1.5 2

2.5

3.5

3.5

4
4

Load Growth Rate

g fromthetwo methods methodsat atnode node3 2 Differencein incharges charges

Test System

0.12 0.1 1.1

V Sw o llta itcg he in(g pV .uo.) lta g e s ( p .u .)

0.08

S3 S2

V2 V3

0.06 1.05 0 04 0.04 0.02 1 0

-0.02 0.95 0 95 -0.04 -0.06 0.9 -0.08

10

15

20

25

0.85

Hours
0 5 10 15 20 25

Hours

Charges for Voltage Switching Voltage g Profile of Node 2 and 3

Test System

Increase in hourly revenue using i composite i model d l LRIC: 44.69% Dynamic Composite Model : 51.69 %

Practical Test System

Resistance for DOG conductor Reactance Reactance Coefficient C ffi i t of f Expansion E i for ACSR conductors Resistance

0.279 ohm/km (20C) 0.283 ohm/ km for 30 mm spacing p g 0.315 ohm/km for 50 mm spacing 19 8*10 ^ -6 19.8*10 6 per C

0 2792 ohm/ km at 50 0.2792 50C C.

CONDUCTOR SPECIFICATIONS

Voltage Profile of the Network for Base Case Voltage Profile of the Network for 4% Load Increment

1.02 1

0.98 0.98 0.96 0.96

Volatge pu

0.94 0.94
0.92 0.92 0.9 0.9

Vo oltage pu

0 88 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.82 0.82 0 0.8

50
0 50

100
100

150
150

200
200

250

300
300

350
350

400
400

450
450

Bus No.

Bus250 No.

Voltage Switching Charges For Practical Test System

12

Voltage Sw witching Charg ges (Rs,million n)

10

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Bus No.

Circuit Utilization in Scaling Loading Level Case

100 90 80

Ut tilization (% %)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

B Branch h No. N

LRIC Charges with Varying Utilization of Circuits

2.5
LRIC Ch harges (Rs,m million)

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0

10

20

30

40

50
Utilization (%)

60

70

80

90

100

LRIC Charges for Practical Test System

2.5

LRIC Cha arges (Rs,mi illion)

1.5

05 0.5

0 0

50

100

150

200

Bus No.

250

300

350

400

450

Final Recovery of Charges by Composite Pricing Model

25
N et R eco overy C harge s (in R s,m illi ion)

20

Increase in monthly revenue using g composite p model LRIC: 42.6% Dynamic Composite Model : 47.83 %

15

10

0 0

50

100

150

200

Bus No.

250

300

350

400

450

Conclusions
Pricing method is accurate for setting up tariff and efficient in recovering the actual network cost. Signals g the network users to change g their utilization p patterns to smoothen the load profile and release congestion. Composite Network Pricing Model minimizes scope for revenue reconciliation This model can be used for real time applications of network charging, g g, leading g to a j justifiable set of charges g indicating g system health in economical terms.

Thanks for your attention