Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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Especie
Minimum
Optimum
Maximum
1-2
25 - 30
30 - 37
1-2
15
30
2-3
25 - 30
30 - 32
2-3
2-3
20 - 25
20 - 30
30 - 35
37 - 44
2-3
2-3
2-3
25 - 30
25 - 28
25
30 - 37
30 - 35
35
Trifolium pratense
Triticum aestivum
2-3
2-4
31 - 37
15 - 30
37 - 44
30 - 37
2-4
20 - 25
30 - 37
2-4
3-5
3-5
15
25 - 30
25 - 30
25
30 - 37
37 - 44
4-5
22
30
4-6
31 - 37
37 - 44
6-8
20 - 25
35
8 - 10
8 - 10
32 - 35
19 - 24
44 - 50
30 - 35
Phaseolus vulgaris
10
32
37
10
10
10
13
12
12
15
14
30 - 37
32 - 37
37 - 40
28
40 - 42
44 - 50
44 - 50
35
16 - 19
16 - 19
31 - 37
30 - 40
44 -50
45 - 50
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Temperatura
Especies
(C)
4-6
Cereales de Invierno
Raps, Colza
Mostaza, Lino
Haba, Arveja
Guisante, Nabo
Zanahoria, Topinambur
6-8
8-10
Maravilla
Papa, Poroto
Poroto soya
12-15
Maz, Mijo
sobre 15
Zapallo, Tabaco
Azcar (%)
Azcar (g)
192
11,9
22,4
282
10,6
30
10
14
356
442
10
9,1
34,8
39,3
17
20
23
439
461
462
8,7
8,2
7,3
37,8
37,4
33,3
26
30
443
261
7,6
7,2
33,1
18,7
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Tolerancia
hasta C
-4,0
-4,0
-4,0
-4,0
-1,5 hasta +1,7
-1,5 hasta +1,7
0,4
0,8
0,9
0,9
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,1
1,3
1,3
1,5
1,7
2,3 hasta 3,0
Sumas de Temperatura
Cultivo
Trigo Primavera
Cebada
Avena
Maravilla
Lino Textil
Grados-Das acumulados
1900-2600
1300-2600
1500-2000
1750-2300
900-1000
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Grados-Das
400
500
840
790
2.530
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Parte
Planta
Semilla
Planta
Semilla
Semilla
Raz-Tub.
Planta/sem.
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Raz
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Planta
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Duracin
Das
40
40
36
30-45
20-60
60
45
28
10-50
60
35
20-40
0-15
10-20
10-20
30-40
0-90
20-30
14-21
30
35
0-35
20-30
30-50
0-14
10-40
15-30
40-70
0-14
38-45
35-40
18-40
34
Temp.
ptima (C)
0-3
5-15
0-1,5
0-2
5-6
3
2
0
0-5
4
2
0-3
6-8
2-5
6-10
0-5
0-5
1-3
3-10
3-7
2-3
0-5
2-7
0-5
0-5
3-8
3
0,3
0-8
3-5
2
2-5
3
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Fagopirum esculentum
Hordeum vulgare
Papaver somniferum
Phleum pratense
Pisum sativum (Arveja)
Secale cereale
Sinapis alba
Glycine max
Necesitan Luz
Germinan en oscuridad
Reaccin Neutral
Agrostis tenuis
Cucumis sativus
Cerales
Alopecurus pratensis
Cucurbita pepo
Legumbres
Bromus arvensis
Bromus inermis
Phacelia tanacetifolia
Remolacha azucarera
Brassica spp.
Dactylis glomerata
Daucus carota
Festuca pratensis
Linum usitatissimum
Cannabis sativa
Lactuca sativa
Nicotiana tabacum
Phleum pratense
Poa annua
Poa pratensis
Poa trivialis
Sinapis alba
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Autor 1
349
364
305
335
Autor 2
513
584
897
636
Depende de:
* Condiciones climticas
* Fertilizacin
*Variedad y/o cultivar
* Tipo de suelo
* Rendimiento
Estado fenolgico
Emergencia 5 cm altura
Disminucin 15-17% de
la propiedad de M.S.
5 cm a emisin parroja
Emisin parroja a grano lechoso
Grano lechoso a cosecha
28
Disminucin 15-17% de
40
la propiedad de M.S.
Disminucin 58% del
14
rendimiento en grano
Disminucin 30% del
rendimiento en grano
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Cultivos
600-700
> 700
FUENTE: Geisler 1980
18.000 m. cb./h.
12.000 m. cb./h.
10.000 m. cb./h.
- transpiracin y uso del agua
- resistencia a sequa
- respuesta a exceso de agua
Resistencia a factores biticos:
- insectos
- enfermedades
- competencia con plantas de la misma especie y con
otras
10
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c) Luz
-
Fotoperodo
17
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19
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
- Roco
- Camanchaca
- Niebla
- Embalses Pozos profundos
Atmsfera
- Aire del suelo
- Ventosidad y su efecto en las plantas
Edficos
- Tipos de suelo
- Profundidad
- Pedregosidad
- pH
Geogrficos
- Topografa (valles - montaas)
- Exposicin al sol
Biticos
- Otras plantas
- Animales
- Plagas y enfermedades
- Ser humano
- Agricultor
- Cultivador
Tipo de agricultor
Gusto por el cultivo
Conocimiento tcnico
Recursos econmicos
Infraestructura disponible
Condiciones de mercado
- Conocimiento de formas y sistemas de comercializacin
- Conocimiento de la tendencia de precios y volmenes
transados
- Cercana a mercados
- Vas de acceso
- Disponibilidad de mano de obra
3. Bibliografa
Novoa, R. y S. Villaseca (eds) 1989. mapa Agroclimtico de Chile. Inst. de
Investigacin Agropecuaria (INIA), Miniagri. 221 p.
Rechcigl, M. Jr., Ed. 1982. CRC Handbook of Agricultural Productivity, Vol
1. Plant Productivity, CRC Press, Boca Ratn. Flo.
4. Cuestionario
1. De acuerdo al pH de la mayora de los suelos del sur de Chile, investigue
sobre aj, cebolla, meln, pepino dulce, frejol, sandia, durazno, que
puedan producirse con xito..., y si estos tendran la suma trmica
necesaria para cumplir su ciclo.
2. Por qu en Copiap se pueden producir durante ms tiempo en el ao,
mayor cantidad de cultivos que en la zona de Valdivia?
20
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21
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23
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