Key Words Guide, eddy current examination,

magnetic particle examination, nondestructive examination, penetrant examination, radiographic examination, ultrasonic examination, visual examination, leak examination, weld discontinuities

AWS Bi.10:1999 An American National Standard Approved by American National Standards Institute October 26, 1999

Guide for the Nondestructive Examination of Welds

Supersedes ANSIJAWS B1.1O-86

Prepared by AWS Committee on Methods of Inspection Under the Direction of AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by AWS Board of Directors

Abstract
This guide acquaints the user with the nondestructive examination methods commonly used the examine weldments. The standard also addresses which method best detects various types of discontinuities The examination methods included are visual, penetrant, magnetic, radiographic, ultrasonic, electromagnetic (eddy current), and leak testing.

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Table of Contents
Page No. Personnel Foreword List of Tables List of Figures 1. General 1.1 Scope 1.2 Advantages and Limitations of the Inspection Method 1.3 Acceptance Standards 1.4 Cost 1.5 Procedures 1.6 References 1.7 NDE Symbols 1.8 Safety and Health 2. Discontinuities 2.1 Discussion of Discontinuities 2.2 List of Discontinuities 2.3 Porosity 2.4 Inclusions 2.5 Incomplete Fusion 2.6 Incomplete Joint Penetration 2.7 Undercut 2.8 Underfill 2.9 Overlap 2.10 Lamination 2.11 Delamination 2.12 SeamsorLaps 2.13 Lamellar Tear 2.14 Cracks 2.15 Concavity 2.16 Convexity 2.17 Weld Reinforcement Nondestructive Examination Methods 3.1 Visual Examination (VT) 3.2 Penetrant Examination (PT) 3.3 Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) 3.4 Radiographic Examination (RT) 3.5 Ultrasonic Examination (UT) 3.6 Electromagnetic Examination (ET) 3.7 Leak Examination Interrelationships Among Welding Processes, Discontinuities. and Examination Methods Supplementary Reading Material iii v
Vi

vi 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 9 11 11 11 13 13 14 15 16 19 23 24 26 26 29 31 37 39 41

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4. 5.

Annex AEvamination Method Selection Guide Annex BNDE Symbols and Abbreviations Annex CTypical Industry Standards Annex DGuidelinesjbr Preparation of Technical Inquiries fbr A WS Technical Committees AWS Document List