CHAPTER 4 : REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

1.

Figure 1 shows the process of sperm formation in the mammalian testis.

Cell division
Cell division X

Figure 1
(a)

(i)

(ii)

State P and Q
P:

Q:

Give a reason why cells Q and R are genetically identical.

(b)

State the type of cell division X and explain how it can lead to cell S and T
being genetically different.

2.

Figure 2 shows the process of ovum formation in the mammalian ovary.

Process X

Figure 2
(a)

(i)

Name the structures labelled L, M and N

L:

M:

N:

(ii)

State the hormone involved in the formation of follicle and explain the role
of the folicle

(b)

Explain process X

3.

Diagram 3.1 shows a graph on how the endometrium in the human uterus varies in
thickness with time. Fertilisation took place on the 16th day of the second month.

Thickness of the
endometrium

Fertilisation

First
month

Second
month

22

Third
month
Time / days

DIAGRAM 3.1
(a)

(i)

State the process which took place at X.

..
..
(ii)

Based on the Diagram 3.1, state one reason to support your answer in
(a) (i).

..

(b)

(i)

Complete the graph in Diagram 3.1 to show the changes in the

thickness of the endometrium after day 22 in the second month until
day 28 of the third month.

(ii)

Explain why the thickness of the endometrium changes in the way

shown in (b)(i).
..

4.

......................................................................
Diagram 4 .1 shows a structure of a human placenta and its connection to the
fetus.

Placenta

Diagram 4.1
(a) (i)

Name X.
X :

(ii)

State two importance of X

..................................
..

(b)

State two substances which are carried by the blood in Y, in the

direction of the arrow.
.

(c)

Explain the role of placenta in foetal development

............................
..
..
..
..
(d)

Diagram 6.2 shows a negative habit of a pregnant mother. .

Diagram 4.2

Explain the effect of this habit to the foetus

............................
..
..
..
5.

The diagram 5.1 shows the development of an ovule of an angiosperm

Diagram 5.1
(a)

(b)

State process W, X and Y

W

..

A farmer transfers a little amount of pollen grains onto a stigma of a flower from
the same species. Explain what will happen to the pollen grain later

............................
..
..
(c)

Explain what it means by double fertilization

............................
..
..

(d)

Explain how double fertilization can ensure the survival of an angiosperm

............................
.
(e) Diagram 8.2 shows the longitudinal cut of an ovary of an angiosperm

Diagram 5.2

On diagram 8.2 draw the development of a pollen tube until it reaches the
embro sac

(f)

Diagram 8.3 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a flower

during fertilization.

Diagram 5.3

(i)

State the number of seeds that might be produced

............................
(ii)

Explain how those number of seeds will be produced.

............................
6.

.
The diagram shows a longitudinal section of the tips of a root.

(a) In the box provided, draw a cell or a tissue to represent the cells or tissues in
every zone
Zone 1

(b) (i)

Zone 2

Zone 3

Name tissue V and W

............................
.
(ii)

State a functional difference between tissue V and W

............................
.
(c)

The tip of the root was immersed into Knop solution containing respiratory
poison.

(i)

State the effect of the poison on the activity of cells in :Zone 1 :

..................................................
Zone 2:
..................................................

(ii)

Explain your answer in (c) (i)

.................................
..
..

(d)

7.

In the box provided, draw a cross section of the tip of the root through P
Q

Diagram 7.1 shows the growth curve of a mice and diagram 7. 2 shows the growth
curve of a grasshopper

Length of
body
(mm)

Body
mass
(g)

Y
X

Age
(Week)
Diagram 10.1

(a)

Time
(days)
Diagram 10.2

Name the type of curve represented by diagram 7.1 and diagram 7.2
............................
.

(b)

State two differences between the two growth curves

............................
.

(c)

State what phase X is and explain what happen in phase X

............................
..
..

(c)

(i)

On diagram 7.2 , show where ecdysis occurs by using an arrow

(ii)

Explain what happen during ecdysis.

............................
..
..
(d)

On diagram 7. 2, plot a growth curve of a grasshopper if the growth is

depending on its mass. Explain how the graph is obtained
........
........
........
........................................................................................................................................

(e)

Based on diagram 10.2, explain why there is no change in the length of the
grasshopper during Y.
........
........
........
........................................................................................................................................

8.

Diagram 8 shows the development of a human zygote.

Fallopian Tube

two cells stage

Q
P

DIAGRAM 8

a)

Describe the processes from P to Q .

b) The fallopian tubes of a married woman are blocked, making it impossible

for her to conceive through the natural process. She and her husband
insist to have their own child . Explain one modern technique that can
be used by the childless couple to conceive. Justify your choice.