Mechanics

Circular Motion
Angular Displacement () Is usually expressed in radians, degrees or in revolution. 1 revolution=360 degrees=2 radians or 1 radian =57.3 degrees One radian is the angle the angle subtended at the centre by an arc length equal to the radius of the circle. Thus an angle () in radians is given in terms of arc length (l) it subtend on a circle of radius (r) by:

L=r.
Angular Speed ()
It is the scalar measure of rotation rate. In one complete rotation, angular distance traveled is 2 (360 degrees)and time is time period (T) than, angular speed = 2T where 1/T = f (frequency). thus, the rotation rate is also expressed as angular frequency.

=/t SI Unit: rad/s

Angular Acceleration () Is the rate of change of angular velocity. In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared (rad/s2), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha (). =/t Relationship between linear velocity and angular velocity
We know that linear speed, V =S/t, where S is linear displacement of arc, and = S/r Therefore, linear speed V =(.r)/t

Tutorial prepared by prof.Fabrizio Donato

Mechanics
V = r . (t) V=r Hence, Angular speed,

= V/r
where V = linear speed Centripetal Acceleration(ac)

Centripetal acceleration points toward the center of the circular path of the train, but is felt by passengers as a force pushing them to the outer edge of the circular path. This feeling is often described as centrifugal force, although there is no actual force pushing or pulling passengers away from the circle. The centrifugal force is actually your bodys inertia, or its resistance to the trains change in direction: your body wants to continue in a straight line and attempts to do so as the train turns. Luckily, your body is strapped into the roller coaster train, otherwise your body would continue in the straight path that the train was following before it entered the curve. The equation for centripetal acceleration is:

ac =

v2 / r

ac=r
Centripetal Force
According Newton's second law the centripetal force can be expressed as F c = m ac Fc= m v2 / r where Fc = centripetal force (N) m = mass (kg) (2)

Fc=mr^2

Tutorial prepared by prof.Fabrizio Donato

Mechanics
Centrifugal force An object traveling in a circle behaves as if it is experiencing an outward force. This force, known as the centrifugal force, depends on the mass of the object, the speed of rotation, and the distance from the center. The more massive the object, the greater the force; the greater the speed of the object, the greater the force; and the greater the distance from the center, the greater the force.
Fc= m v2 / r Fc=mr^2

Video sites for the topic

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YwBNRuBvjw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icq9YZ95oYc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ny-oSBzd4T4 Chapter Questions

a.Convert the following angles to radians: 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 150 degrees, 180 degrees, 360 degrees b.Convert the following angles in radians to degrees: Find the angular velocity of the Earth... a.around its axis in radians per second and degrees per second

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Mechanics
b.around the sun in radians per second and degrees per day Assume: circular orbit of Earth A 2 kilogram mass is moving in an horizontal circle with a 2 meter radius and a tangential speed of 4 meters per second. Find the centripetal accelaration. The radius of the Earth is equator move if the Earth rotates... a. 20 degrees b. 20 radians c. 20 revolutions Assume: Earth rotates exactly around N and S poles, Earth is perfect sphere, and do not count the Earth's orbit around the sun. . How far (path length) does a point on the

Tutorial prepared by prof.Fabrizio Donato