AHHHHHHH.............

OOOOOOOONNNNNNNNN

Guard!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Mangie Kpaka

Class 701/Mrs.E.Hussain

ELA/Writing/Social Studies

May 15th ,2009

 Annotated Bibliography

•Billings, John D.(who was a member of the 10th; also the author of Hard Tack &

Coffee, a book) The History of the Tenth Massachusetts Battery

•Daniel, Larry J. , Gunter Riley W. , Confederate Cannon Foundries

•Hazlett, Olmstead and Parks-Field Artillery Weapons of the Civil War

• Pawl & Melton, Introduction to Field Artillery Ordnance 1861-1865

•Thomas, Dean S. , Jorgensen C. Peter, Cannons, An Introduction to Civil War

Artillery, Civil War artillery authority, former Commander of the 10th Mass

Battery, N-SSA, publisher of the Civil War News and The Artilleryman

•http://www.cwartillery.com/FA/FA.html

These were helpful sources because they contained detailed information about the

different types of armies.

•Deverell,William;White Gray Deborah,Unites States History & New York

History:Beginnings to 1877

This helped mainly because it was the social studies book. It summarized the civil

war in four sections and it helped me in writing my summary.

•Graves A.,Kerry America Goes To War: The Civil War

This book was small but very detailed. It had pictures with captions,timelines, and

new vocabulary terms. This made planning for my board easy.

• Kagan,Neil; Stephen Hylsop, Eyewitness To The Civil War

This was extra helpful. This was a primary and secondary source as well as an
expert. I say this because in the text there are stories written from people who were

actually living circa the civil war and there was information form the past that was

summarized in the book.

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Thesis: What were the motives of the American people when the Northern and

Southern states went to war against each other?

Blood In Arms

The American Civil War was a significant period in history that served in the

growth and maturity of the United States Of America. The Civil War broke as a

result of conflict between the Northern and Southern states. Circa the early 1860s

the lives of the Northerners and Southerners differed. It was everything from

different functions in economies, to distinguished views on laws of the government

and slavery. Those differences soon led to the division of the United States into two

nations: The Confederate States Of America and The United States Of America.

Ulysses S. Grant was the General of Union Army and Robert E. Lee was the

General of the Confederate Army. The war lasted for four years. Kicking off first

blood at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 and ceasing fire at General Robert E. Lee's

surrender April 9,1865 in Appomattox. Come and take a journey back to when

Americas had blood in its arms.

Uprising Conflict(s)

Since the lifestyles of the both the Northerners and Southerners were so diverse

conflict began to stir. The Northern states' economy relied on industry and growing
 Kpaka 2

crops. In the Southern states, the economy was based on agriculture. Another issue

was slavery. Slavery was illegal in the Northern States, but legal in the( Graves, 7-

8) Slave states included Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana,Kentucky, Tennessee,

Mississippi, Alabama, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, North Carolina, South

Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The Southerners needed slave to work in fields for

the harvesting of crops. Between the 16th and 19th centuries slaves were brought on

ships from parts of West Africa in shackles to come and treated with brutality as

they worked for their masters( Kagan & Wyslop,41). This matter was surrounded

by so much quarrel when the thought of expansion of slavery

throughout new territories when they became states(Graves,11). Abraham Lincoln

argued “African American rights ,listed in the Declaration of Independence—the

right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness”(Deverell&White,491)against

slavery's expansion In the new territories in his 1858 debate with

Senator Stephen Douglas.( Kagan & Wyslop 32-33) In 1860, South Carolina

seceded from the Union. Soon, on the month of February 1861, Mississippi,

Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Texas also seceded. These were now the

Confederate States Of America and they elected Jefferson Davis as their president.

He vowed not expand slavery in the new territories (Graves,12-13).

War!!!

On April 12, 1861 Davis led his soldiers to attack on Fort Sumter; the Union fell
 Kpaka 3

outmatched. This Kicked off the first battle of the civil war. Citizens began

choosing sides and Union armies began enlisting soldiers. The Union wore uniforms

the color of Blue while the Confederacy wore tan. General Ulysses S. Grant was the

commander for the Union army; whereas the General for The Confederacy was

Robert E. Lee.(Graves34-35) The Union and Confederacy were divided into three

bases; Artillery (Unit cannons),Calvary (Unit of soldiers who fought on horseback,

and Infantry (Unit of soldiers that marched to fight on the battlefield).There were

more Union soldiers than Confederate soldiers. Also ,the union could receive

supplies from factories while the Confederates had to import supplies. The Union

soldiers were not skilled army men as the Confederacy

soldiers. Equally important, southern soldiers were experience hunters as well as

great horsemen(Graves,16-18).

Major Battles & Surrender

There were many major battles fought before Lee's surrender. The first one was,

the 1st Bull Run(July21,1861-the south wins). Second major battle was, the Seven

Days battle (June6-July1862 south wins). Also, the 2nd Bull Run(7/29-30/1862) and

the Battle of Antietam(9/17/1862). This was the bloodiest battle ever fought. Finally,

the battle of Gettysburg(July 1-3,1863)(Graves34-37). General Lee surrendered in

April 1865.
 Mangie's Trip back to the 1800s—Plot: She's a member of Congress & an

Abolitionist Who's trying to Convince Congress not To Expand Slavery.

Should Slavery Be Expanded In the New Territories ?

Kpaka 1

Argument:

There should not be an expansion of slavery in the new territories.

 God made us all equal in his creation to live and breathe together on this

world. However, today in the year of 1860, we are totally living the opposite

of what we were born to live. First and foremost slavery does abide by our

constitutional rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In the

Southerners defense slavery is needed for their economy. With that said, it is

fair to say that brutality, I'm sure is not necessary for the economy.

Slavery(as bad as it is), does not need to infect new territories, soon to be

states, with the disrespect and inhumane behaviors of Southern slave owners.

As for the expansion of slavery, It should permanently terminated!!! There

shouldn't be a half free, half slavery country. Today, America will learn the

important reasons for not extending the cruel business of slavery.

Why slaves----why not employ struggling citizens to work in your fields?

What---money making farmers are that cheap? These people were ripped

from their homeland and herded onto ships like animals. They also endured

starvation and diseases that quickly spread from one person to another. The

Southerners, particularly farmers bought slaves to work in fields. They beat

and brutalize their free labor employees. Some even raped their slaves. Using

Kpaka 2

such methods to intimidate and ridicule another human being. Of course, if a

slave is lucky enough to be sold into a good home, they will be educated,
 treated with respect, and in return be of great service to his or her master.

Doesn't this make any American citizen wonder; why go through all of this

just to make money. Where has the respect for human life gone?

What about what was written with pen and paper? The federal

Constitution along with the Declaration Of Independence both summarized a

promise to all those who reside in some part of America are entitled to

equality. Those who printed their John Hancock on those documents must

learn to practice what they have preached. What kind of justice system are

we really working with here? A fine for murder; that's not enough justice for

the slaves nor me! If this is how mankind's justice system fights for it's living

people and the deceased, then how long before we actually own up to the

commitment that was made to citizens of the United States. Expanding

Slavery into the new territories means more torture among those harmless

people Southerners call property. The expansion of slavery only proves that

the hearts of American citizens are filled with hatred and just plain cruelty.

Justice is not justice, unless justice is for ALL! It's not healthy for our

youth to grow up treating others with brutality because in some areas of this

nation we call out with pride, it's okay for human beings sold as possessions.

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And this is what the Southerners want? Don't allow the selfish behavior and greed

of people who do not understand true human value to make money off of free
laboring people. If America is what's on written paper, then STOP INHUMANE

TREATMENT! STOP BUYING AND SELLING HUMANS! STOP SLAVERY

AND IT'S EXTENSION BEFORE THE LITTLE GOOD NAME WE HAVE IS

SPOILED!

Bibliography

Billings, John D.(who was a member of the 10th; also the author of
Hard Tack & Coffee, a book) The History of the Tenth Massachusetts

Battery

Daniel, Larry J. , Gunter Riley W. , Confederate Cannon Foundries

Deverell,William;White Gray Deborah,Unites States History & New

York History:Beginnings to 1877

Graves A.,Kerry America Goes To War: The Civil War

Kagan,Neil; Stephen Hylsop, Eyewitness To The Civil War

Hazlett, Olmstead and Parks-Field Artillery Weapons of the Civil War

Pawl & Melton, Introduction to Field Artillery Ordnance 1861-1865

Thomas, Dean S. , Jorgensen C. Peter, Cannons, An Introduction to

Civil War Artillery, Civil War artillery authority, former Commander

of the 10th Mass Battery, N-SSA, publisher of the Civil War News and

The Artilleryman

http://www.cwartillery.com/FA/FA.html

MLA-Photo Citation

Online Image. Monday, January 26, 2009 4:02:47 PM

http://www.digitaljournal.com/image/46707

Online Image.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/publicresourceorg/493908699/

Online Image. No Date http://www.mrnussbaum.com/civilwarmap.gif

Online Image. No date “Civil War Soldier in Combat WebQuest

 (Grades 10-12)”

www.soldierstudies.org/index.php?action=letters_webquest

Online Image. August 10, 2001 Last Updated:10/30/2005

http://www.strategictransitions.com/images/civilwar.gif

http://www.gpschools.org/ci/ce/computer/inspire/examples.htm

Online Image.©2009"Worl Book"

http:/www.worldbook.com/wb/Featuresid=civil_war/geographic.jsp

Online Image. No Date http://z.about.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/E/4/2/lincoln-douglass-debate-lk0.jpg

Online Image. No Date http://mac110.assumption.edu/aas/Intros/emancproc.html