Pressurized Chemical Reactor

Team: Brandon Meyer and Jane Simpson Fall 2004 ME450 Computer-Aided Engineering Professor: Dr. K. Nematollahi 12/13/04

Objectives
Design a vessel/container that will withstand the following conditions:
1. 2. 3. 4. 100 psi or vacuum internal pressure Heat interior to 150 C max <30-45 minutes Lightweight for easy use and transportation Non-Magnetic

Through FEA, the following items were determined:

1. 2. Max displacements for vessel and clamps Max von Mises stresses in vessel under 100 psi

Introduction
Previous prototype (Spring 2004)
Too heavy Clamping mechanism is very time consuming New Requirements:
Lifted with one hand Withstand pressures up to 100 psi Measure temperature in reaction block

Our Proposed Design

Theoretical Background

Vessel is subjected to external forces that deform the surface and thus, resulting in stress (both normal and shear) A stress tensor describes the stress at a particular point and is dependent on 6 components:

3 Normal Stresses (xx, yy, zz) 3 Shear Stresses (xy, yz, xz)

Theoretical Background

Von Mises Stresses < Yield Strength of Material

Factor of Safety = Yield Stress / VM Stress Deformation creates the stresses and is defined as:

Theoretical Background

Ten-Node Tetrahedral Element (SOLID92)

Well-suited for geometries with curved boundaries. Has 3 DOF UX, UY, and UZ

Models Details
Vessel modeled in ANSYS
1. Created cross-section of both base and lid and revolved both to create basic vessel 2. Created four rectangular and two cylindrical volumes on the base to delete from the original vessel

ANSYS Model
Material Properties: 304 Stainless Steel

E = 28 x 106 psi v = 0.28 = 0.284 lb/in3

Models Details (Cont.)

Meshed the vessel using SOLID92 elements Solid ten-node tetrahedal elements with 3 DOF at each node (UX, UY, UZ)

Models Details (Cont.)

Placing Constraints and Loads 6 areas (3 on top flange and 3 on bottom flange) were created
Divided original areas by lines to simulate clamp areas Areas assigned 0 DOF

Applied 100 psi to internal areas of vessel

Models Details (Cont.)

Loads and Boundary Conditions Applied to Vessel

Models Details
Clamp modeled in ProEngineer
1. Created all clamp components in ProEngineer and put them all in one assembly

Models Details
2. Saved clamp assembly as an IGES file and saved the assembly components as solids. 3. Imported IGES file into ANSYS and all volumes were created successfully 4. Due to memory constraints, each component had to be analyzed individually . . .

Models Details
Total Force on Lid
F = CS Area x Pressure = 3848 lbf Force Per Clamp = 1283 lbf / clamp Determined the forces on each component of the clamp and the corresponding areas of application

Models Details
Constrained Back Area in All Directions Upward Vertical Load = 1283 lbf Applied to Nodes Attached to Bottom Areas Constrained Bottom Area of Top Hole in All Directions Upward Vertical Load = 1283 lbf Applied to Nodes Attached to Top Areas

Models Details
Upward Vertical Load = 1283 lbf Applied to Nodes Attached to Bottom Areas Constrained Top Areas of Cylinders in All Directions

Meshed all clamp components using SOLID92 elements and a smart size level of 5 Used the same material properties as were used for the vessel (SS 304)

Results and Discussion

VON MISES STRESS IN VESSEL (PSI)

Results and Discussion

VON MISES STRESS IN VESSEL (PSI)

Max von Mises Stress = 14.518 ksi Max Yield Strength (SS 304) = 29.1 ksi Factor of Safety = 2.00

Results and Discussion

Compare vertical displacement of vessel and clamps with the compression distance of o-ring Compression distance of o-ring = 0.032 in

Ensure that vessel remains sealed during operation and no leaks occur

Results and Discussion

VESSEL VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT (IN)

Max Vertical Disp. of Flange = 0.001421 in

Results and Discussion

VESSEL VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT (IN)

Max Vertical Disp. of Vessel = 0.00452 in

Results and Discussion

CLAMP VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS (IN)

MAX TOTAL CLAMP DISPLACEMENT = 0.003089 IN

Results and Discussion

Total Vessel Displacement = 0.0014 in Total Clamp Displacement = 0.0031 in Total Vessel & Clamp Disp = 0.0045 in Vessel and clamp displacement is 7 times smaller than the o-ring compression distance = safe sealing

Impact Statement

The newly designed pressurized chemical reactor will safely withstand the desired operating pressures with a safety factor of 2.004. The clamps used to seal the vessel will effectively withstand the pressure and maintain a sealed chemical environment. Increases the efficiency of drug testing procedures

Conclusions

Our chemical reactor design will operate with a factor of safety of 2.004 and an operating stress of 14.518 ksi. The clamps incorporated into the design offer:

Simplicity / Easiness of Use Sufficient Clamping / Sealing:

Total elongation of vessel & clamp is 7 times less than the compression distance.

Reactor design will serve our customers well

Bibliography
[1] Finite Moaveni, Saeed. Finite Element Upper Saddle River, NJ. 2003.

Analysis: Theory and Application with ANSYS. 2nd Ed. Pearson Education:

[2] Stainless Steel Grade 304. AZOM.com. http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleI D=965. 12/8/04. [3] Material Property Data. MatWeb. www.matweb.com. 12/11/04.

Acknowledgements

David Bradley and Chuck Alt (Lilly Chemists) Dr. Jie Chen Dr. K. Nematollahi Rusty Scutt (Scutt Tool and Die) Dennis Walsh Other team member: Jason Moore