Infant

L-45-55 cm = 18-22inches W-2500-4300 kg= 5.5-9.5lb Head Circumfrence: 30-32 I teach APGARs this way A = appearance (color all pink, pink and blue, blue [pale]) P = pulse (>100, < 100, absent) G = grimace (cough, grimace, no response) A = activity (flexed, flaccid, limp) R = respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent) One of the first signs of ICP (increased intracranial pressure) in infants is a high pitched cry. Tracheoesophageal fistula: 3 C's: coughing, choking, & cyanosis Pathologic jaundice-- BEFORE 24 hours of life Normal newborn jaundice-- AFTER 24 hours of life Cephhalehematoma = can contribute to hyperbilirubemia. Rubella (German measles)-airborne contact precautions, 3 day rash Rubeola (red measles)- droplet contact precautions, koplik spots in mouth Native Americans have the highest incidence of cleft lip and palate Rubella [ German Measles ] Incubation = 14-21 days Contageous = 7 days before symptoms appear to 5 days after the rash appears. Transmission: airborne or direct contact with infectious droplettes or indirectly by articles freshly contaminated with nasopharengeal secretions, feces, or urine. Can also cross the placenta! Rubeola is transmitted via airborne particles or direct contact. Respiratory precautions are required which includes handwashing before & after gloving, and wearing a mask.

Premature: 100-200 cal/kg/day Full-term: 120 cal/kg/day 6-8 wet diapers/day. Introduce rice cereal to infant at 4 mos 5-6 mo strained veggies/meat 6-9 mo finger foods. PKU, baby born without ability to utilize essential amino acid called phenylalanine so don't give diet soda bec it contains nutrisweet, nutrisweet contains phenylalanine. no nuts, meats, dry beans, eggs, dairy (basically no protein stuff) give specially prepared formula to baby because they can digest this protein well MMR Vaccine = Ask if Allergic to Gelatin, Eggs, or neomycin Birth weight doubles in 6 months Posterior fontanel closes at 2-3 months Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18 months Tetralogy of fallot - have child squat to increase return to heart. Meconium should be passed within 12-24 hrs Transitional stools - 3rd day - thin greenish brown Breastfed baby - golden yellow stools with sour milk odor 4 months infant => palmar grasp 7-9 months infant => can bang 2 cubes together 9-12 months infant => can put a block in a cup 10-12 months infant => can demonstrate pincer grasp Birth weight doubles by 6 month and triple by 1 year of age.

Cleft lip & palate Native American have highest incidence of cleft lip and palate & common in boy