K h and Knights d Chivalry Ch l

The conceptofChivalry emergesfrom two traditions: Germanic concepts ofhonour andloyalty Christianethic The rise ofcrusading contributed to strengthen the chivalrous ethic. Thefirststageofhonorableachievementwastodefendthefaithand protecttheHolyChurch and second, and, second toserveloyallyone one's slordathomeandonthebattlefield. Otherdutiesweretodefend andp protecttheweak,including gwomen, widows,andchildren,andtopursuecriminalsandbringthemto justice.

Th knight The k i ht had h dto t be b sanspeur (without ( ith tf fear) ) b talso but l sansreproche h (without ( ith t reproach). h)

Theconceptofchivalrydevelopedacodeofasophisticatedsystemofvaluessuchas: personalintegrity generosity, compassion afreeandfrankspirit courtlinessespeciallytowomen. Aknighthadtoholdanuntarnishedpersonalreputation:

potius mori quam foedari

(its better to diethan to dishonour onself) Honorwasholy holy. Itimpliedrenown, renown goodconduct, conduct andtheworld world's sapproval approval. Itwasconsideredagoodthingforaknighttobeinloveasomniat vincit amor

Patrons ofChivalry: SaintGeorgeandthe archangel SaintMichael

ADUBMENTor ACCOLADE When the candidate knight was about twenty and considered adequately prepared physically and mentally he would be solemnly and publicly made a knight. knight The roots of adubment lay in the initiation ritual by which Germanic primitive societies marked the coming of age of adolescence.

Adubment inthe13thCentury

Adubment ontheBattleField(aftera14thCenturyArthurianRomance)

GrandeschroniquesdeFrance,Paris,XIVe/ XVesicles TheAccoladebyEdmundBlairLeighton 18531922

Jousts and Tournaments T

Lances used in Jousts. Jousts The lance was the main weapon used in a joust. It was about 4 metres in length and averaged 12 cm in diameter, being thicker toward the butt end and tapering toward the point, and often fitted with a conical guard protecting the hand and arm.

VariousEuropeanSwords,12th13thCenturies

VariousFormsofBattleAxes,13thand14th Centuries

Morgenstern or Mornignstar

Closed helmet ( (14thcentury) y)

Fully armored horse

Manesse Manuscript (14thcentury) t )

Mle l Tournaments often started with a mle: A fight in which the combatants are mingled in one confused mass. Two groups of riders try to cut paper plumes off the helmets of their opponents, the contest continuing until no member of one group retains his plume

Two knights k i h fight fi h while hil the h ladies l di watch from the battlements

Knights breaking lances

Swordfightingonhorseback

Word dfighting fi h i on foot f

Avictorius knight is given the crown of victory

During i the h tournaments,knights k i h were often seriously wounded

Avictoriousknightisbathingand healinghiswoundsandgiventhe crownofvictory

Tournaments ended with acelebration with music anddancing