Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
45
40
35
30
25
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Consumption
Production
1.40
1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sources: BPS,
0.00
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Rp/Kg
6,000
4,500 3,000 1,500
Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Nop Jan Mar
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0.98
0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0.98
0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Rice is 90% self-sufficient in trend, allows for a controlled import through tariff. Tariff barrier is a preferred mechanism from the trade agreement perspective. Tariff is set at 32% to achieve an import target similar to the amount controlled by quota. However, for the tariff policy to be effective, the challenge with respect to the mechanism is on border control and the high cost of monitoring.
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Conclusion
Politically, the rice self-sufficiency policy is a must for Indonesia. However, there are better alternative policies to achieve the policy objective of food security. The best and a more pro-trade option is a flexible selfsufficiency policy with a tariff mechanism. For the tariff policy to be effective, the challenges are instituting border control and the high cost of monitoring. The second best option is a flexible self-sufficiency policy with a quota mechanism. The policy gives the same benefit-cost ratio with tariff policy. However, this policy is less preferred from the trade agreement perspective. The fixed 100% rice self-sufficiency policy is the most expensive and less effective policy to achieve the policy objective.