Energy efficient smokeless cook stoves for domestic and community uses

Invented by

S.Khuntia
Ex-Chief Scientist of CSIR-IMMT, Govt. of India Bhubaneswar-751013, India

Inventor: Various Improved cook stoves & Rural technologies

Member of Core committee of MNRE-GOI on Biomass cook stove pgm. Member of BIS on Biomass & Gasification

E.mail: khuntias@gmail.com Mob: 09437012679 March 2013

As per World Health Organisation, Traditional cook stoves are second biggest contributor to global warming, after the industrial use of fossil fuels

Tentative benefits from 5 lakhs units of Improved cook stoves/ chulhas

Fuel saving : 0.7 million ton firewood /year or more than Rs.100 crores/year Survival of full grown trees: 7 lakhs /yr Reduction in release of carbon Dioxide gas into atmosphere : 1.2 million ton/yr Reduction in release of carbon Monoxide gas into atmosphere: 0.10 million ton/yr Average employment generation: 3 lakhs man days/yr

TRADITIONAL COOK-STOVES
One of the oldest technologies in the world Known since 100,000 BC to prepare & preserve food and to provide warmth

Traditional Chulhas:
Constructed by housewives without outside influences Highly energy intensive Smoky flame (temperature : 550 6500C) High level of pollution (CO/CO2 : more than 20%) Excess fuel consumption (10-20 kg fire wood / day) Thermal efficiency : 5-10%, Incomplete combustion Different size & shape of Chulhas: Open fire, Three stone, Ushape, spherical etc; submerged or elevated over the ground; with/without pottery lined hearth. Classification of chulhas as per culture, family size, type & size of fuels,
type of cook pot, etc

IMPROVED COOK-STOVES
Objectives
Complete combustion of fuels Burning of different solid fuels in a stove Reduction of emissions:(CO/CO2 < 0.04) (CO< 5 g/MJd ) High flame temperature (750oC 850oC) High thermal efficiency ( more than 25% ) Significant fuel saving & conservation of biomass Production & marketing in rural areas

Type of Cook Stoves

Portable cook stove - Natural & Forced draft Fixed chulha with & without chimney

Improved cook stoves invented by S.Khuntia & utilized in NPIC of MNRE, Govt. of India during 1988 to 2003
Harsha multifuel portable stoves ( Family & Community): India Patent No-166168 of 1986 Fixed chulhas with chimney (SK-1, SK-2, SK-3, SK-4, SKAgni, SK-Delux etc) The stoves propagated by OREDA, Govt. of Odisha during 1990 to 2003 in Odisha & also in other states under NPIC national prgm of MNRE, Govt. of India More than 3.0 million units of above design cook stoves disseminated in different parts of India. OREDA had disseminated more than 1.5 million units of above stoves in Odisha.

IMPROVED COOK STOVES DEVELOPED BY

S.KHUNTIA, Scientist

Multi-fuel & Biomass Cook-stoves

(Efficient burning of different solid fuels; wood, animal droppings, coal, briquettes, agro-waste etc)

Portable & fixed in position

(With & without chimney )

Different cooking capacity

(Family, medium & community sizes for cooking capacity from 5 500 persons)

Chimney position & height

(Short / long height, with / without bend, protrude through Wall / roof of kitchen)

High acceptability among the users

Simple design, easy fabrication- installation- maintenance, full satisfaction for different family size & society

MULTI-FUEL COOK STOVES

India Patent No166168 of 1986

Novelty:
Corrugated grate with ash scraper, perforated combustion chamber with air jacket, supply of preheated air in primary & secondary streams through natural draught. Carbon & volatile matters of fuel burn independently in troughs of grate & combustion chamber respectively, resulting to complete combustion, high temperature & reduction of emission. Short & clean high temperature flame with less excess air obtained by multiple preheated secondary air jets. Self ignition & continuous burning of fuels without air blowing & power.

wood

Raw coal

Cow dung

Harsha Multi-fuel stove family size, Patent No-166168 of 1986

Harsha Multi-fuel Community stove

SK-Delux Multifuel community fixed stove

WOOD

DUNG CAKE RAW COAL

SK-Deluxe Multi-Fuel fixed Chulha (family size)

Jyostna Multi-fuel stove

Performance of Multi-fuel stoves Present Thermal Materials for cost efficiency CO/CO2 construction (%) (Rs) -Mild steel (MS) MS -> 25% < 0.04 TSP
(Mg/M3)

Model

Cooking capacity (person) --

As per BIS Portable Stoves: Harsha Jyostna

< 2mg/M3

600 550 4000 250

30-43 30-42 30-51 28-40

0.007 0.0075 0.0055 0.0065

1.8 1.82 1.71 1.75

8 8 50-400 8

Harsha MS (community) Fixed Stoves MS and clay SK-Delux SK-Delux MS and clay (community)

1250

30-42

0.0055

1.70

50-400

NOTE : Exhaust gas drawn from a hood, 350 mm from top of stove (with dilution)

LOW COST FIXED CHULHAS

Pottery-lined mud chulha with chimney with simple construction. Vertical cylindrical combustion chamber connected with a chimney through a U type tunnel. Chimney sucks room air into combustion chamber for continuous burning of fuels and disposes exhaust to outside. The air stream burns carbon on hearth and volatile matters in combustion chamber with long flame resulting to complete combustion. High rate of heat transfer from flame to cook pot as the flame glides on the bottom surface of cook pot inside combustion chamber. 40-50% fuel saving with smoke & gas free kitchen.

SK-1 double pot stove with chimney

SK-3 Single pot stove with chimney

Pottery-lined SK-series fixed chulhas with chimney

SK-3 Pottery-lined fixed chulha with chimney

(Nearly 2.5 million stoves sold in India)

SK-Agni Fixed Chulha (Without chimney)

Performance of fixed improved chulha

Fuels : Biomass, agro wastes, dung cake
Model Materials for construction Present cost (Rs) 130 Thermal efficiency (%) 31 CO/CO2 Cooking capacity (person) 5-10

SK-1 (double pot family size) SK-1 (double pot community size) SK-3 (single pot family size) SK-3 (short chimney with bend family size) SK-3 (single pot community size) SK-Agni (without chimney)

Pottery, clay, and AC pipe Brick, clay and AC pipe Pottery, clay, and AC pipe Pottery, clay, and AC pipe Brick, clay and AC pipe MS and clay

0.038

350

30%

0.029

200-500

100 125 100

26 25

0.035 0.035

8-30 8

300

25%

0.034

200-400

60

29

0.030

NOTE : Exhaust gas drawn from chimney of Chulha (without dilution)

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF COMMUNITY SMOKELESS STOVES FOR RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS IN ODISHA: BY S.KHUNTIA DURING DECEMBER 2012

Residential school in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India : 350 SC & ST students

Traditional Cook Stove in schools

U Type brick stove (chulha) without grate. Fuel: Firewood. Pot size : 36 to 24 inch diameter, flat bottom. Present cooking for: 300-400 children Food preparation: Rice, dal & vegetable, two times. Cooking period: 120 to 135 minutes (depending upon items) Smoke & shoot: excessive Room temperature: High (intolerable) Exhaust of gas & smoke from kitchen: Through door & window

Traditional cook stove & kitchen

Black shoot coating inside the kitchen due to excessive smoke

KHUNTIA IMPROVED COMMUNITY FIXED CHULHA WITH CHIMNEY

Chimney outside of kitchen

Cooking by KHUNTIA- Smokeless stove)

Inside hearth and top plate to accommodate small size pots

Performance study of KHUNTIA stove: Comparison with Traditional stove

Sl. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 9. 10. Parameter Construction Cooking capacity Firewood consumption Fuel saving over traditional Cooking period Smoke Room temperature Tentative life Cost Recovery of cost Traditional stove Red Brick & clay 300 400 children 105 kg/day 120 135 minutes Excessive & burning eye Quite high (intolerable) 5 10 years About Rs. 2000/KHUNTIA- Cook Stove Red brick, cement sand mortar & steel chimney 300 400 children 75 kg/day 29% at present (Designed for 30%) 85 100 minutes Almost Nil Normal as outside More than 10 years About Rs.10,000/Within two months

CONCLUSION
Complete combustion of fuels at low excess air can increase efficiency of cook stoves. Higher heat transfer to the cook pot at high temperature is essential for cooking in Improved stove. Simple design, low cost and high efficiency cook stove can be sustainable in the society. Multi-fuel burning capability of the stove will be more appropriate for rural India. Cost effective, energy efficient & durable Improved stove can reduce rural energy crises at present. Improved chulha is a source of carbon trading under CDM.

Thanking you