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Start-up Stage
Big mistake Non-word meanings (istansaru) Introduction to Sarf Introduction to Nahw Grammatical states Ways an ism can be used (22 places)
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
Purpose of Grammar
To protect yourself from confusion Ibn Khaldun lists 4 sciences: vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric, literature
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
28/06/2012
Verbal Sentence
The doer of the verb must follow the verb
nominal sentence
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
verbal sentence
Zayd went.
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
Nominal Sentence
Some sentences dont have verbs
Zayd, he went.
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
28/06/2012
Verbal Sentence
Problem: sequence not determining grammar Solution: grammatical states, reflected on the ends of the ism
28/06/2012
Phrase-level relationships
Phrase translation Zayds book tall boy
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
Nominal sentence
Problem: lack of is.
How do you know from where to where is the subject and where to where is the predicate?
Components of Sentence
nominal sentence verbal sentence subject predicate subject predicate
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
Grammatical States
Lets proceed to re-develop grammatical states in order to get to 15 of the 22 by first bringing back the slide used in the previous presentation the house example.
subject verb
28/06/2012
Grammatical States
Example Translation Role of Grammatical Reflection in the state of sentence subject
The house fell down I entered the house door of the house
object
possessive
TOTAL: 22
28/06/2012
Zayd hit Amr today.
I hit him for discipline.
Zayd came to me riding.
Object of a Preposition
in the house
28/06/2012
Places of jarr
2nd half a possessive phrase
door of the house
Places of raf
Subject of a nominal sentence Predicate of a nominal sentence Subject of a verb Subject of a passive verb
After a preposition
in the house
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
28/06/2012
Places of nasb
Object Generic adverb Adverb of time and place
Kaana sentence
The book is new.
khabr mubtada
khabr ism of of kaana kaana
Inna sentence
The book is new.
khabr mubtada mubtada khabr faail na-ib faail ism of kaana khabr of inna
Summary
Places of raf Places of Places of jarr
nasb
maf ool bihi mudhaaf ilayh maf ool mutlaq majroor maf ool fihi maf ool lahu haal khabr of kaana ism of inna
Shariah Program - 2003-2012
khabr ism of of inna inna
28/06/2012
Sample Reading