PHILOSOPHY FINAL REVIEW - Hume: ethics is matter of feeling, not logic and rational thinking (relates to feelings of right

and wrong) However, this produces subjectivism... Right and wrong cant come down to emotion entirely - Crimes and Misdemeanors: Judah feels fear and guilt, but gets rid of it by the end (life returns to evil) Film leads one to believe that his guilt is gone, not just hidden -What if you can successfully get away with murder? Is there any way to persuade ourselves to do what is riot even if we can get off scot free doing what is wrong? -In Crimes and Misdemeanors, Judah knows what Jack does. Judah won't admit it to himself, but Jack does. Sartre says that Judah is worse than Jack because at least Jack admits it to himself. MACHINE CONSCIOUSNESS - Turing Test - meant to show that computers can be intelligent - if machine can pass test, machine is conscious - Searle refuted this - Chinese room scenario - Functionalism - believe that a machine is conscious. Input, output. Views humans as little machines - Chinese room - syntax without semantics. - Nagel: Bat Boy (ha) - There is something that it is like to be conscious - to be a bat, a person, a dog, whatever - we may not know what this experience is but we know that it exists. There is not a way it is to be a computer. - Lycan: Henry and Henrietta. If brain is perfectly reconstructed with computer chips gradually, at what point does she lose consciousness and stop being a person? If Henry is a straight machine, and you don't know he's a machine, is he conscious or not? Argues for artificial intelligence. We don't necessarily have that level of AI, but it's possible. FREE WILL AND DETERMINISM - Rachels: Does outline, - Epictetus: Rulebook for life. Oberbrunner's favorite. (Secret libertarian) Judgement, impulses up to you. (Compatibilism would say desires not up to you) - Hard Determinism: No free will at all. Only the illusion. Everything causally determined. Laplace. - Compatibilism: You have some free will. Your desires are determined, but as long as you act in accordance with them, it's considered free. Not coerced. Determinism not the opposite of freedom. Coercion is. Brave New World. - Libertarianism: Agent's desires and character not entirely determined by outside forces or the physical world, also not entirely caused by randomness. Agent or self which causes entire sequence of events. - Sartre: Liberterian. Free will exists. We are free to create ourselves and thereby the character of the entire human race. We cannot blame culture or genes for our choices. - Taylor - fantastic overview. -No Exit: Everyone trying to avoid responsibility - Sartre! - Shawshank Redemption: Easier to argue free will b/c it's a plot, therefore deterministic. So think of it as real people and argue free will. Ends up in jail - bad husband - Sartre - screwed himself over without having killed anyone, but his actions redeemed him. He was completely responsible for his life and his actions. ETHICS

- Metaethics: study of field of ethics. Are there universal ethical truths? Objectivism, relativism, subjectivism. Divine command theory. - Divine command theory: an action being morally right is the same as an action being right because God made it that way. Socrates disagrees. - Normative ethics: utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, social contract. Assumes objectivism in ethics. Question of how do we discover it. - Kantian deontology: treat people as ends, not as means, categorical imperative, utilize your talents, etc. Categorical imperative: An action is right if you are willing to universalize the motive behind it for the entire human race. You can figure out what is morally right through reason. Kant, le Guin. - Virtue ethics: Aristotle, Nussbaum. Fears connected to virtues themselves. The list of things. Problem - impractical application. Could have conflicting virtues. - Utilitarianism - need to calculate utility, can't know what's right until after you've done it. Right and wrong come down to the end result, not the intention. Consequential theory. Mill, Singer. - Social contract: we do things not because we want or ought to, but because we want to maintain the harmony of society. The state of nature is war. Hobbes. THE MEANING OF LIFE - Waiting for Godot: Godot doesn't come. Life is meaningless. Shows the pointlessness of life, the repetition, the waste of time. A perpetual state of waiting for who knows what. Not living - Being Alive. - Waking Life: bunch of different theories. Lucid dreamings. - Taylor: meaning of life is the enjoyment of the meaninglessness.