OLYMPIC ARCHITECTURE BEIJING 2008 CHAPTER 1 : NEWLY BUILT OLYMPIC SPORTS FACILITIES 1.

National Stadium (birds nest) Location : Beijing Olympic Green Designers : ARUP ; Herzog & de Meuron Capacity : 91000 during Oympics, 80000 after Olympics The roof protective structure two layers of films to cover the steel structure, the upper part transparent ETFE films, and the lower part translucent PTFE acoustic suspended ceilings. The wall is made of 24 steel trusses interwoven together, weighing up to 42000 tons. 2. National Aquatics Center (water cube) Designers : Shenzhen Design Consulting Co. Ltd of CSCEC; PTW Architects (Aus); ARUP Australia Capacity : 17000 during games, 5000 after games Main structure steel framework, using steel bars interwoven at random to stimulate geometric patterns of water molecule structure display beauty of nature. Exterior covered with 3000 irregularly shaped and blue-colored air pillows made of a translucent ETFE (Ethylenetetrafluoroethylene) film. ETFE better in tractability, compression, heat/fire resistance. The water cube feeling gentle, serene, poetic. Emotional coloring varying with changes of human emotions, process of games, or the seasons. In traditional Chinese culture, the square water cube represents females tenderness while the oval birds nest represent males virility. The roof ceiling is composed of translucent big bubbles introduce mild sunlight into the hall. The word cube or square - Chinese culture of the heaven is round while the earth is square. Exterior wall at day & night can generate glaring light under lighting condition. 3. National Indoor Stadium The roofing a pattern of waves flowing from south to north, using the newly developed technique of bidirectional long-spanning arch framework structure. 14 steel trusses, 2800 tons. Advantage : capable of bearing a heavy load, using fewer amounts of steel, stability of structure, and a good building form. 100kw photovoltaic power-generating system uses of the sunshade, daylight, rainproof, electrical illumination.

Bedrock

Ampthill Clay Formation (AMC)

Ampthill Clay Formation And Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Undifferentiated) (AMKC)

Beckley Sand Member (BYSA)

Hazelbury Bryan Formation (HYB)

Kingston Formation (KTON)

Littlemore Member (LITC)

Lower Greensand Group (LGS)

Oxford Clay Formation And West Walton Formation (Undifferentiated) (OXWW)

Stanford Formation (STFD)

Temple Cowley Member (TECY)

West Walton Formation (WWB)

Weymouth Member (WEY)

Wheatley Limestone Member (WYLS)

Superficial Deposits

Alluvium (ALV)

Head (HEAD)

Northern Drift Formation (NDR)

Northmoor Sand And Gravel Member (NO)

Northmoor Sand And Gravel Member, Lower Facet (NO1A)

Northmoor Sand And Gravel Member, Upper Facet (NO1B)

Peat (PEAT)

Summertown-Radley Sand And Gravel Member (SURA)

Wolvercote Sand And Gravel Member (WV)

Artificial Ground

Infilled Ground (WMGR)

Made Ground (Undivided) (MGR)

Mass Movement

Landslide Deposits (SLIP)

Linear Features

Fault

Normal fault, inferred