SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2002/2003 SEMESTER ONE SEMESTRAL EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 2nd Year Full-time

Diploma in Manufacturing Engineering 2nd Year Full-time (Teaching Factory) Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

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Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I Section II (4 questions @ 13 marks each) (3 questions @ 24 marks each) [52 marks] [48 marks]

3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer ALL questions in Section I and ANY TWO questions from Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 6 pages. ----------

/S12002

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-2Section I [52 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q1.

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A horizontal cantilever 1.2 m long has a cross section consisting of two identical hollow squares as shown in Fig.Q1. It carries a uniformly distributed load (UDL) of 3 kN/m along the entire length of the beam. thickness = 10 mm throughout 3 kN/m 50 g 50 50 g

All dimensions in mm Fig.Q1. (a) (b) (c) (d) Show that the second moment of area about the neutral axis g-g is 0.9067 x 10-6 m4. (3 marks) Calculate the maximum bending moment and hence the maximum compressive and tensile stresses. (6 marks) Sketch the bending stress distribution diagram indicating the maximum compressive and tensile stresses. (2 marks) Find the radius of curvature of the beam if the modulus of elasticity is 120 GN/m2. (2 marks)

Q2.

A length of hollow steel shaft transmits 900kW at 160 rev/min. The maximum shear stress is not to exceed 60 MN/m2 and the inside diameter is to be 0.7 times the outside diameter. Determine (a) (b) (c) the torque transmitted. (3 marks) the outside and inside diameters of the shaft. (4 marks) the maximum and minimum shear stresses experienced by the shaft and hence sketch the shear stress distribution diagram. (6 marks)

/S12002

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Q3.

Power is transmitted between two shafts by a V-belt passing round two pulleys of equal diameters 0.3 m, the groove angle being 40. If the belt has a mass of 1.4 kg/m and the maximum permissible tension is 2000 N, calculate the power that be can be transmitted at a shaft speed of 300 rpm. The coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.2 (13 marks)

Q4.

An object of mass m kg is attached to the end of a cord of length one metre and is whirled in a vertical plane. Calculate with the aid of a sketch for each case (a) (b) the minimum rotational speed in rpm below which the tension in the cord disappears; (6 marks) the maximum value of the mass, m so that the maximum tension in the cord will not exceed 500 N when the object is rotated at a speed of 180 rpm. (7 marks)

/S12002

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-4Section II [48 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS Q5.

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Fig Q5 shows a light beam ABCDE carrying loads as shown and simply supported at B and E. 15 kN A 2m B 2m C 2m D 5 kN 10 kN/m E 4m

Fig Q5.

Use the graph paper provided in the answer booklet for this question. Use the following scales : Free body diagram Shear Force Diagram 10 mm : 1 m 10 mm : 10 kN

Bending Moment diagram 10 mm : 10 kNm

(a) Draw the free body diagram for the beam.

(2 marks)

(b) Show that the reactions at B and E are 32.5 kN and 27.5 kN respectively. (4 marks) (c) Draw the shear force diagram and determine the position of zero shear force from E. (7 marks) (d) Draw the bending moment diagram. Determine the maximum bending moment and the point of contraflexure from A . (11 marks) Indicate principal numerical values on your shear force and bending moment diagrams.

/S12002

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Q6.

A 4-wheeled vehicle of mass 1200 kg descends a slope of 1 in 5. Each axle of the car with its two wheels has a radius of gyration of 450 mm and a mass of 130 kg. Given that the diameter of the wheel is 850 mm, and that the tractive resistance is 250 N, calculate, with the aid of a sketch (2 marks), the (a) (b) (c) (d) moment of inertia of two wheels and its axles about its rotation axis. (4 marks) kinetic energy of translation of the car for a speed of 60 km/h. (8 marks) kinetic energy of rotation of the wheels and axles for a speed of 60 km/h. (4 marks) braking force required to bring the car to rest in 20 m from an initial velocity of 60 km/h. (6 marks)

Q7.

A lifting gear with velocity ratio of 8 is used to move a concrete block of mass 1000 kg up an inclined plane as shown in Fig Q7. The law of the machine for the lifting gear is E = 0.18 W + 60 (Newton), where E is the effort and W is the load. The coefficient of friction between the block and the inclined plane is 0.2.

Concrete block

E Lifting gear

Fig Q7.

10 (a) Sketch the free body diagram of the concrete block, indicating all forces acting on it. (4 marks) (b) Show that the load W to be carried by the lifting gear is 3.635 kN and hence determine the effort E required . (11 marks) (c) Determine also the mechanical advantage, efficiency and input power required to lift the block at a velocity of 5 m/min. (9 marks) ********* /S12002 see page 6

-6LIST OF FORMULAE = P A = L L y w or E= UTS w J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r G=

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Factor of Safety =

I = bd3 12

I = (d14 d24 ) 64

Torsion Equation

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N1 N3 d Belts Tt - Tc = e /sin Ts - Tc P = (Tt - Tc ) (1 e /sin /S12002 1 )v P = 2(To - mv 2)(e /sin - 1) v (e /sin + 1) ****************