MALAYSIA POLYTECHNICS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

MODULE J3008
FLUID MECHANICS
Farha binti Mohd Fadzli (POLISAS) Halimah binti Mohd Yusof (POLISAS)

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BIODATA OF MODULE WRITERS J3008 FLUID MECHANICS

Name Address

: :

Telephone No. : e-mail : Qualifications : Position :

Farha binti Mohd Fadzli Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnic of Sultan Hj Ahmad Shah 25350 Semambu Kuantan, Pahang 03-5661300 ext. 320 fliffypunye@yahoo.com Dip. Of Mech. Eng with Education (KUiTTHO) Polytechnic Lecturer

Name Address

: :

Telephone No. : Qualifications : Position :

Halimah binti Mohd Yusof Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnic of Sultan Hj Ahmad Shah 25350 Semambu Kuantan, Pahang 03-5661300 ext. 320 Dip. Of Mech. Eng with Education (KUiTTHO) Polytechnic Lecturer

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What Do You Think Of This Module?

Title of Module: _______________________ Students Name: _______________________ Module Code : ___________

Registration No. : ___________

Course : ____________________________________ Module Writers: ______________________________ Please use the following scale for your evaluation:
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Instruction : Please on the space provided. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 How much do you agree with the following statements? A. FORMAT The pages are organized in an interesting manner. The font size makes it easy for me to read the module. The size and types of pictures and charts used are suitable for the input. The pictures and charts are easy to read and understand. The tables used are well-organised and easy to understand. The arrangement of the Input makes it easy for me to follow. All the instructions are displayed clearly. B. CONTENTS I understand all the objectives clearly. I understand the ideas conveyed. The ideas are presented in an interesting manner. All the instructions are easy to understand. I can carry out the instructions in this module. I can answer the questions in the activities easily. I can answer the questions in the self-assessment. The feedback section can help me identify my mistakes. The language used is easy to understand. The way the module is written makes it interesting to read. I can follow this module easily. Each unit helps me understand the topic better. I have become more interested in the subject after using this module. 1 SCALE 2 3 4

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CURRICULUM GRID
The curriculum grid of this module is based on the curriculum used by Malaysian polytechnics. No. TOPIC UNIT Total Hours 4 Hours

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

1 (4H)

Fluid Static

2 ( 4 H) 4 (4H) 6 (6H)

3 ( 8 H) 5 ( 6H)

12 Hours

Fluid Dynamic

10 Hours

Loses of Energy in Pipelines

6 Hours

Nozzle

7 (4H)

4 Hours

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UNIT 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 UNIT 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 UNIT 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 UNIT 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 UNIT 5 5.1 5.2 5.3

PRINCIPLE CONCEPTS OF FLUID MECHANICS Temperature units Measurement of Pressure Gauges Physical Properties of Fluid FLUID STATIC Pressure and Depth Pascal Law and Hydraulic Jack Buoyancy FLUID STATIC Piezometer Barometer Bourdon Gauge Simple Manometer Differential Manometer Inverted Differential Manometer FLUID DYNAMICS Types of flow Discharge, continuity equation and mass flowrate in pipe The use of continuity equation FLUID DYNAMICS Bernoullis Equation The limits of Bernoullis Equation Measurements of Fluids in Motion

UNIT 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 UNIT 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

ENERGY LOSS IN PIPELINES Velocity profile in circular pipe Types of Head Loss in pipelines Flow characteristic at the entrance and exit of the pipeline. The Head Loss Equation for flowrate from the reservoir to the horizontal and inclined pipes. Pipeline Problems NOZZLE Types and shapes of nozzles Critical Pressure Ratio Pressure, temperature and cross-sectional Area, A of a throat of entrance and exit Maximum mass flow Uses of Nozzles

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MODULE GUIDELINES To achieve maximum benefits in using this module, students must follow the instructions carefully and complete all the activities. 1. 2. This module is divided into 7 units. Each page is numbered according to the subject code, unit and page number. J3008 / 1 / 5

Subject Unit 1 Page Number 5 3. 4. The general and specific objectives are given at the beginning of each unit. The activities in each unit are arranged in a sequential order and the following symbols are given:

OBJECTIVES The general and specific objectives for each learning topic are stated in this section.

INPUT This section introduces the subject matter that you are going to learn.

ACTIVITIES The activities in this section test your understanding of the subject matter. You have to complete this section by following the instructions carefully.

FEEDBACK Answers to the questions in the activity section are given here

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SELF-ASSESSMENT Self-assessment evaluates your understanding of each unit.

FEEDBACK OF SELF-ASSESSMENT This section contains answers to the activities in the self-assessment. .

5. 6.

You have to follow the units in sequence. You may proceed to the next unit after successfully completing the unit and you are confident of your achievement.

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GENERAL AIMS This module is prepared for students in the third semester who are following the Diploma in Mechanical Engineering programmes and student in fourth semester of the Certificate programmes in Malaysian Polytechnics. It aims to expose students to the Mechanical Engineering concept in each unit and to lead them towards selfdirected learning or with guidance from their lecturers. PREREQUISITE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE The prerequisite for this module is a successful completion of module J 2006.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, students should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. identify temperature units describe the measurement of pressure gauges define physical properties of fluid define and differentiate between pressure and depth state the Pascals Law and solve calculation related to a Hydraulic Jack understand the concept of buoyancy understand the mechanism of a Piezometer, Barometer, Bourdon Gauge solve calculation involving Simple Manometer, Differential Manometer and Inverted Differential Manometer. 9. define and differentiate the types of flow 10. define Flowrate, Continuity Equation and Mass Flowrate in horizontal pipes and inclined pipes. 11. understand the principle of Bernoullis Equation 12. define the limits of Bernoullis Equation 13. solve calculation related to the measurements of fluids in motion 14. understand the velocity profile in circular pipe 15. differentiate the types of Head Loss in pipelines 16. determine the flow characteristic at the entrance and exit of the pipeline. 17. understand the Head Loss Equation for flowrate from the reservoir to the horizontal and inclined pipes. 18. solve calculation problem related to the pipeline problems 19. differentiate the types and shape of nozzles 20. define Critical Pressure Ratio 21. find pressure , temperature and cross-sectional Area, A of a throat of entrance and exit 22. define and understand the term of the maximum mass flow 23. understand the use of nozzles TEACHING AIDS AND RESOURCES NEEDED 1. Calculator

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REFERENCES Douglas,J.F (1993). Solving Problems in Fluid Mechanics Volume 1; Longman; Singapore. Douglas,J.F, J.M Gasiorek & J.A Swaffield (1996). Fluids Mechanics (3rd ed); Longman; Singapore. Eastop,T.D & A. McConkey (1983). Applied Thermodynamics For Engineering Technologists (3rd ed); Longman; New York. Janna, William S.(1987). Introduction To Fluid Mechanics (2nd ed); PWS Publishers; Massachusetts. Mohd Gomenon bin Su (1989). Teknologi Haba & Bendalir; Delta; Selangor Munson,Bruce R, Donald F.Young &Theodore H.Okiishi(1998). Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics-(3rd ed);John Wiley & Sons,Inc; Canada Prasuhn, Alan L (1980). Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics; Prentice-Hall; London R.S Khurmi (1975). A Text Book of Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines; S. Chand & Co; New Delhi.