THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

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t

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

THE COUNTESS OF RADNOR,

ALIKE niSTINGUISHED FOR

IHa I.OVE OF FLOWERS AND TASTE FOR THE FINE ARTS,

tis

asaorfe is BeUicatcU

(WITH PRRMIS310N)

DY llEB OBEDIENT SERVANT,

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

It had long been

in coloured groups, the

my

intention to publish a series of works, fully describing and illustrating

most ornamental flowers

grown
first

both under glass and in the open

Edition

air

of our British gardens.

In the Preface to the

it

was stated that the present

;

work

the

first

of the series
all

would

comprise the hardy and half-hardy annuals

that the second

would contain
nials

the hardy and half-hardy bulbs; that these would be followed by the bien;

and perennials
;

the greenhouse plants

the hothouse plants, including the orchidaces! and

the cacti

and, lastly, the flowering-trees, with the roses and other ornamental shrubs.

As

each of these works was to be

or bulbs,
;

complete in
his

itself,

the

proprietor

of a small townor

garden, growing annuals

might confine

purchase to

the

volume,

volumes,

describing the plants he cultivated

while the possessor of a conservatory or hothouse, would find

in the volumes treating of their productions, the flowers best adapted to his purpose,
directions
for

and ample

their

culture.

Further,

each work

being arranged according

to

the natural

system, the whole

series

forms a more comprehensive illustration of the different orders than

It will, moreover,

has yet been pubUshed.

be useful in affording general ideas concerning the

study of botany.

arrangement of plants, as well as in

facilitating the

It

is

seldom that an author can accomplish the no easy task of publishing a

This,

series

of

volumes.

however, has happily not been

my

case.

have already published four of

"V,

vni

PREFACE.
at proposed, and have, moreover, what I did not
first

the

six

works
is

contemplate, added a

volume, which

the only existing

work on

British

Wild Flowers.
improvement could be

The
made
in

first

edition

was stereotyped, and consequently no

alteration or

it.

The copyright having passed

work
is

into other hands,

it

the

present and second edition

of this important
porated, the vast

now

issued.

In

much new and

lately

valuable matter has been incor-

amount of general knowledge

pages, former errors have

accumulated has been carefully collated

it is

and added to

its

been corrected, and, as

hoped, an accurate

and extensive view of the

public. state of botanical science is presented to the

J.

W.

L.

Bayswater,
Octobtx
Itt, 1849.

INTRODUCTION,
The
love of flowers," says Dr. Lindley, "

'

is it

a holy

feeling, inseparable

from our very nature

it

exists alike in savage

and

civilized society

and

speaks with the same powerful voice to the great and

wealthy, as to the poor and lowly."

love flowers

The truth

of these observations must be felt

in
is

by every

one.

We
recalls

from our

earliest childhood,

and even

extreme old age the sight of them

something of the glow of youth.

The

love of flowers

calculated to improve our best feelings,

and

subdue our bad ones

and we can hardly contemplate the beauty and richness of a flower-garden

without feeling our hearts dilate with gratitude to that Almighty Being
lovely blossoms,

who has made

all

these

and given them to us

for our use.

Of

all

kinds of flowers, the ornamental garden annuals are perhaps the most generally interesting
it

and the easiness of their culture renders

peculiarly suitable for a feminine pursuit.

The pruning and

training of trees, and the culture of culinary vegetables, require too

much

strength and manual labour

but a lady, with the assistance of a

common

labourer to level and prepare the ground,

may

turn a

barren waste into a flower-garden with her

transplanting
leading

own hands.

Sowing the seeds of annuals, watering them

them when

necessary, training the plants

by tying them to

little sticks

as props, or by

them over

trellis-work,

and cutting

ofi^

the dead flowers, or gathering the seeds for the next

;

year's crop, are all suitable for feminine occupations

and they have the additional advantage of

inducing gentle exercise in the open

It

air.

is

astonishing

how much beauty may be

displayed in a
is

little

garden only a few yards

in extent

by

a tasteful arrangement of annual flowers.

All that

required

is

a knowledge of the colours, forms,

and habits of growth of the

worth
culture, but they are

different kinds.

Many

of the flowers

now grown

in

our gardens are not

grown year

after year, because their cultivators

know them and do not

know anything

better.

Many

very beautiful flowers have been introduced, grown for a season or two,
for

and then thrown out of cultivation from there being no demand

them
It

and

this

want of demand

has arisen from very few flower-growers being aware of their existence.
flowers were figured

is

true that most of these

;

on their

first

introduction in one or other of the botanical periodicals

but

in

ii

INTRODUCTION.

these works they are mixed up with greenhouse and hothouse plants and shrubs, which, of course, the

mere grower of annuals can

botanical descriptions of
all

feel little interest in

so that a person wishing to get coloured figures

and

the finest annual flowers, must

of.

now purchase

plates

and descriptions of

himdi'eds of other flowers that he has no need

The
the

culture of annuals has

two great advantages over the culture of

less

all

other flowers whatever.

;

In
the

first place, it is

attended with

expense than any other description of flower culture

susceptible
is

and

in

seoind,

all

the enjoyment of which

it is

obtained within the compass of six or eight months.

in the first

Bulbous or tuberous-rooted flowers,

like annuals,

produce their blossoms

year

but they are

attended with an enormously increased expense.

till

Perennial herbaceous flowers are never in perfection

the second year

and, like bulbs, can only be beneficially purchased by such as anticipate retaining

the occupation of their garden for several years in succession.

The seeds of annual

flowers,

on the other

hand, cost a mere

trifle

and the expense of

;

stirring the

soil,
is

sowing them, and thinning them when

they come up,

is

also very little

while the effect produced

as great or greater than that of

many

bulbs or tubers, and most perennials.

or six shillings before planting,
is

The

flower of a choice hyacinth, the bulb of which will cost five

beautiful than that of a double rocket larkspur, which
will cost

not

much more

may be
penny.

reared to perfection in three months, from a seed which

about the

fiftieth

part of a

Annual

flowers therefore are, above all

for

others, suitable for the gardens of suburban residences

fit

which are hired

not more than a year

while they are equally

soil,

for decorating all other gardens

is

whatever, and peculiarly so for such as are defective in

situation, or exposure to the sun, as

amply

shown

in the Villa Gardener.

Mr. Paxton, the

chief

manager of the gardens of His Grace the Duke of Devonshire,

in

an early

Number

of his excellent Magazine of Botany, observes, " Considered as the principal ornaments of the

flower-garden throughout the most delightful period of the year, and during a considerable portion of
it

as the most interesting features in the greenhouse, annual plants have great claims to our attention,
in every pleasure-garden.

and should be very extensively cultivated

of sorts that are
into even the

But the
it is

vast

number and

variety

now known

in

our collections, the whole of which

almost impossible to introduce

most extensive gardens, renders necessary a judicious selection of the best kinds, in order

to compensate for any deficiency in

number or

variety,

by the superior beauty of those which are

admitted."

Such a

selection it
it all

is

my

object to offer to the public in the following pages.

I shall

endeavour to

comprise in

the ornamental annuals that the best judges

;

whom

have consulted on the subject

think really deserving of culture in a flower-garden

plates

and

as

my

descriptions will be illustrated

by

by an able

artist,

lithographed and coloured from nature, the grower of annuals, by turning

over this volume,

may

be enabled to select those which appear most suitable for his particular purpose.

INTRODUCTION.
In the arrangement of the present work,
I

iU

intend to follow on a small scale the plan adopted Trees and Shrubs
;

by

my

late

husband, in his well

known Encyclopedia of

and

it

will

be

my

ambition

to give as clear

and

full

an account of the annual

I

flowers, as he has there

done of the trees and shrubs

;

of Britain.

In pursuance of this plan,

if

shall first give the Botanic

and English names

in
will

next the

synonymes,
figured.

any, and then the

this, 1

names of the modern EngUsh books

a short botanical character, which

which the flower has been

be followed by a popular
in short, everything

To

shail subjoin

description, with the geography, history, properties

and

uses, culture,

and

worth

knowing of the

plant.

An
in

important feature of this work

will

be the directions for the culture of each flower, as on

will

this,

a great measure, the appearance of the flower-garden

all

depend.
is

It

is

common

error, to suppose

that

that

is

necessary to

make a showy flower-garden

to sow the ground with a great

many

different kinds of flower-seeds.

few flowers of the most briUiant and ornamental kinds, arranged so

care,

as to harmonize in their colours

into regular

and habits of growth, cultivated with

will

and trained and pruned

and compact shapes,

produce more

effect

than three or four times the number sown

looking into most flower-gardens,
left
it will

injudiciously,

and afterwards comparatively neglected.

On

be

found that the annuals are crowded together, each tuft having been
plants,

unthinned

and that the

having been neither trained nor pruned, present, as they grow up, the most tawdry appearance,

without either the grace and elegance of wild nature, or the trimness and neatness of art.

flower-

garden

is

essentially artificial
its

not only from the avowed art displayed in

its

general shape, and in

the artistical forms of

bods, but in the flowers of so

;

many

different countries,

and even climates,

it

being brought together in the same locality

everything, in short, in the flower-garden, shows that

was planted by the hand of man

and the flowers themselves, to be

in keeping with the garden, should

show

also the will

hand of man

in their training.

Some

excellent observations on this subject by

in the

Mr.
Villa

Loudon,
Gardener

be found in bis different works on Gardening, and more particularly

The

botanical

names of the flowers

in the following

pages

will

be those by which they are most

of the other

generally

known by the seedsmen, but

I shall give the best

;

known

names as synonymes,

with their authorities, always noticing the latest

and when

practicable, without entering too

much
intend

into detail, slightly mentioning the botanical reasons for the change.

Notwithstanding

this, I

the botanical part of the work to be quite a subordinate feature, as I merely wish to give general ideas

on the subject, and to render the work popular rather than too
however, though short, will be prepared with great care, and
as possible.

scientific.

The

botanical characters,

made

as intelligible to the general reader

I shall

The arrangement
it

followed will be that of the Natural System, and

adopt that
of the

modification of

given by Dr. Lindley, in his excellent Ladies'' Botany.

The great advantage

Natural System to a general observer, or to any one who does not wish to go deeply into the science

INTRODUCTION.
of botany that
presents the plants in groups

is,

it

each group consisting of plants which resemble one

another in

all their

external features, as well as in their internal structure and properties.

will
is

Hence,

if

any one knows at sight a plant belonging to any one group, he

plants belonging to
it.

have a general idea of

all

the other

The advantage of

this to

a person who

beginning the study of plants, or

who

has even no higher ambition than to learn the names of a few of them,
incalculable
;

may

truly be said to be
it

as whenever he sees a

new
all

plant,
is

he has only to consider what group

necessary to be

most resembles,

to be able to form a general idea of

felt in

that

known

respecting

it.

As

the interest

flowers

is

much

increased

when we know something

I

of their structure, and of the functions

which the several parts are destined to perform,

would advise such of

my

readers as have leisure for

the pursuit, and as are not already acquainted with the subject, to study Dr. Lindley's Ladies' Botany,
in

which they

will find the

rudiments of the science explained in a most elegant and agreeable maimer

and so

clearly, as to divest

botany of that harsh repulsive form, in which

it

appears " to those

who

only

know it through the

For the

uninviting

medium

of systematic works."

benefit of those

who have

studied the Linnsean System, the class and order to which each

plant belongs according to Linnaeus, or the latest improvements on his system, will be given
diately after the botanic

imme-

and English names.

the volume

A glossary of the botanic terms used in the work will be given at the end of
mean
time, the most difficult will be explained the first time each

and

in the
list

word

occurs.

An

alphabetical

of

the authorities, explaining the abbreviations, such as L. for Linnaeus, Dec. for

De CandoUe,

&c., will

be subjoined to the glossary

and there

will

be a copious index to the whole work.

J.

W.

L.

Bayswatek,
October
1st,

1849.

CONTENTS.

OEKrS
I.

Lobelia

II.

Isotoma

III.

Monopsis

IV. Clintonia

I,

Campanula

I.

Amaranthus
Celosia
-

It.

Ui. Gomphrena

I.

Blitum

I.

Polygonum

I.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXXIX.
I.

Salvia

The Sage The Dragon's Head

II.

Dracocephalom
Fhysostegia
-

III.

The

Physostegia

IV. Molucella -

The Molucca Balm

V. Amethystea

The Amethystea

CHAPTER
PEDALING
I.

XL.

Martynia-

The Martynia

CHAPTER
I.

XLI.

SCROPHULARINEA
Colliusia
-

The CoUinsia

II.

Schizanthus
Salpiglossis

jxi.

IV.

Antirrhinum

V. Linosia
VI.

Nemesia

The Schizanthus The Salpiglossis The Snap-dragon The Toad-flax The Nemesia The Mazus The Torenia
-

vn. MazusVIII. Torenia

-

IX.

Mimulus
-

The Monkey-flower

X. Alonsoa XI,

The Mask-flower The Maurandya

-

Maorandya

LIST OF PLATES.

PAGE

PAea

PLATE
ri6.
1

I.

PLATE
FIO.

VII.

89

1.

Platystemon leiocarpus.

Smooth-fruited Platystemon.
Nigella-like Garidella.

29
30 31

1.

2 3

2. Garidella Nigellastrum.
3.

2.
3.

Adonis autumnalis.

Autumnal Flos Adonis.

32

4.

The Sow-thistle-leaved Francoa. The common Francoa. F. appendiculata. Didiscus coerulea. The blue Didiscus or Trachymene. Hypericum procumbens. The procumbent Hypericum.
Francoa sonchifolia.

PLATE
4
5

n.

13

PLATE
33
Godetia vinosa.

VIII.

4/

1.
2.

6
7

3. 4.
5. 6.

8
9

Dwarf Nigella. N. involucrata. The involucred Nigella. N. Hispanica. Tlie Spanish Nigella. N. H. var. alba. The white Spanish Nigella. N. Damascena. The common Love in a Mist.
Nigella nana.

(Enothera

sinuata.

The wine-stained Godetia. The scalloped-leaved Evening The ruddy Godetia. The The
trailing

Primrose.

Godetia rubicunda.

N.

orientalis.

The

oriental, or yellow Nigella.

G. lepida.

The

agreeable Godetia.

CEnothera humifusa.

PLATE
10
11
1.
2.

III.

CE..

cheiranthifolia.

wallflower-leaved

Evening Primrose. Evening

Primrose.

Delphinium teuuissimum.

Slender Larkspur.

CE. tetraptera.

D.Ajacisflore-pleno. Double-flowered Rocket Larkspur.

Godetia roseo-alba.
Godetia.

The four-angled Evening Primrose. The rose-coloured and white

12 13 14

3.

D. A.
D. A.

fl.

pi.

purpurascens.

Purple Rocket Larkspur.

4.
5.

fl.

pi. albo.

White Rocket Larkspur.

41

9.

CEnothera Drummondi.

Drummond's Evening Prim-

D.

consolida.

Branching Larkspur.

PLATE
15
1.

IV.

17

Papaver horridum. The horrid, or

P. setigerum.

New Holland

Poppy.

16
17

2. 3.

P. nudicaule. P. P.

18 19

4.
S. 6.

20

P.

The Bristle-pointed, or Grecian Poppy. The naked-stemmed, or Siberian Poppy. somniferum. The Opium, or garden Poppy. Rhoeas. The Corn Poppy. Persicum. The Persian Poppy.

PLATE
21
1. Roemeria hybrida.

V.

27

Purple Horned Poppy.

22 23 24 25

2.
3.

Glaucinum luteum.

Yellow Horned Poppy.

4.

6. phoeniceum. Scarlet Horned Poppy. The White-flowered Argemone Mexicana albiflora.

Prickly Poppy.

5.

Argemone Mexicana.
Prickly Poppy.

The common

or

Mexican

PLATE
26
27
1. 2.

VI.
Califomian Eschscholtzia.

31

Eschscholtzia califomica.

E. crocea.

Safl'ron-coloured Eschscholtzia,

28

3.

Platystigma lineare.

Linear-leaved Platystigma.

LIST

OF PLATES.

140
141

8.

Nolana paradoxa.

Paradoxical Nolana.

4.

142

5.

N. N.

atriplicifolia.

Spinach-leaved Nolana.

prostrata.

Prostrate Nolana.

PLATE XXVI.
143
144
1.

145

Convolvulus elongatus.
weed.
C. tricolor.

Broussonet's trailing Bind-

Ipomcea Bona Nox.

Ipomoea barbigera.
volvulus.

The minor Convolvulus. The Night-flowering

Iporaoea.

Convolvulus siculus.

Sicilian Convolvulus.

The Beard-bearing Ipomoea.

elatior.

Convolvulus purpureus, var,

Peacock Con-

Ipomoea rubro-coerulea.
Convolvulus involucrata.

The Mexican Ipomoea.

Guinea Bindweed.
Scarlet Ipomoea.

Ipomoea coccinea.
I.

The

Quamoclit.

The Quamoclit,

or winged Ipomoea.

PLATE XXVII.
163
154
1.

155
Phlox.

Phlox Drummondi.
L. Androsaceus.

Drummond's

2. Leptosiphondensiflorus.
3.

155

The dense-flowered Leptosiphon. The Androsace-like Leptosiphon.

LIST

OF PLATES.
PIG.

Ti.ai

PLATE XXXVI.
no. 228 to 232 Aster chinensis.

178

272 273

5.

S. Priestii.

Mr.

Priest's Schizanthus.

6. S.

porrigens Strachani.

Mr. Strachan's Schizanthus.

The

China-aster, five Tarieties.

274
216

7.

Salpiglossis picta.

Painted Salpiglossis.

PLATE XXXVn.
233 234
235
1.

275
276

8.

Sal atropurpurea.

Purple Salpiglossis.

9. Sal. straminea.

Straw-coloured Salpiglossis.

2. 3. 4. 5.
6.

236
237 238

N. aurita. The eared-leaved Nemophila. N. insignis. The showy Nemophila. N. Phaceliodes. The Phacelia-like Nemophila. N. atomaria. The dotted Nemophila. N. Discoidahs. The disk-flowered Nemophila. N. maculata. The spotted Nemophila.

PLATE
277 278
1.

XLIII.

235

Linaria

tristis.

Sad-coloured Toad-flax.

2. L. spartea.
3.

Branching or Broom-like Toad-Flax.

Glandular Snapdragon.
Three-leaved Snapdragon.
Toad-flax.

279 280
281

Antirrhinum glandulosum.
L. speciosa.

4. Linaria triphylla. 5.
6.
7.

PLATE XXXVn."
239 240
241
1.

Showy

282 283

L. Canadensis.

American Toad-flax.
Abundant-flowered Nemesia.
241

Eutoca Wrangeliana.
E. viscida.

Baron Wrangel's Eutoca.

Nemesia floribunda.

2. 3.
4.

The clammy Eutoka.

Mr. Menzies' Eutoka.
Captain Franklin's Eutoka.

E. Menziesii.
E. Franklinii.

PLATE XLIV.
284
285
1.

242 243 244

Browallia grandiflora.

Large-flowered Browallia.

5.
6.

Nonea versicolor. The many coloured Nonea. Anchusa Italica. The Italian Anchusa.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.

B. Elata.

Tall Browallia.

286
287
221

B. demissa.

Dwarf-spreading Browallia.

PLATE XXXVIII.
245
246 247 248 249 250
1.

Mimulus
Torenia

floribundus.

Abundant Monkey-flower.

288 289

Castilleja coccinea.
cordifolia.
linearis.

Scarlet Painted-cup.

Phacelia vinifolia (vitifoUa).

Vine-leaved Phacelia.

Heart-leaved Torenia.
Linear-leaved Mask-flower.

2. P. congesta.

Cluster-flowered Phacelia.

290

Alonsoa

3. P. tanacetifolia.
4.

Tansy-leaved Phacelia.

Fedia cornucopise.
Cerinthe major.

Horn

of Plenty.

PLATE XLV.
291
1.

243

5.
6.

Larger Honeywort.

Nicotiana Tabacum.

Virginian Tobsicco.

Echium

australe.

Southern Viper's Bugloss.

292 293 225 294

295

2. 3.

N. acuminata.

Pointed-leaved Tobacco.

PLATE XXXIX.
251
1
.

4.
5.
6. 7.

Physostegia truncata.

The

blunt-calyxed Physostegia.

252 253 254

255

2.

Amethystea

coerulea.

Blue Amethystea.

296
297 298

3. 4.

Dracocephalum canescens.

Hoary Dragon's-head.

D. nutans.

Nodding Dragon's-Head.
Leafy Sage.

8.

N. noctiflora. Night-flowering Tobacco. N. multivalvis. Many-valved Tobacco. N. longiflora. Long-flowered Tobacco. N. glutinosa. Clammy Tobacco. N. Persica. Persian or Sliiraz Tobacco. N. Langsdorffi. M. LangsdorfTs Tobacco.

5. Salvia foliosa.
6.

256

Mazus

rugosus.

Wrinkled or Chinese Mazus.

299
1.

PLATE XL VI.
300
301
2. 3.

248

PLATE XXXIX.*
257
1. 2. 3.

Datura Tatula. D. ceratocaula.

258 259
260

4.

Mimnlus Harrisonii. Harrison's Mimulns. Maurandya Barclayana, Mr. Barclay's Maurandya. M. semperflorens. The ever-flowering Maurandya. Lophospermum erubescens var. spectabile. The showy Lophospenuum

The Tatula or Purple Thorn-apple. The Horny-stemmed Thorn-apple. Nicandra Physaloides. The Alkekengi or Kite-flower.
Saracha viscosa.

302 303 304

4.
5.

Clammy

Saracha.

Solanum Fontanesianum.

Desfontaines' Nightshade.

6.

Solanum campanulatum.

The Bell-shaped Solanum.

254
Petunia.

PLATE XLVII.
305 306
307
301
1

PLATE XL.
261
1
.

228
Martynia.

Petunia nyctaginiflora.
P. phoenicea.

Common White

Martynia proboscidea.

The

Homy

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Purple Petunia.

262 263

2. 3.

M. Diandra. Pink Martynia. M. lutea. YeUow Martynia.

Thunbergia
Thunbergia

alata albiflora.
alata.

White Thunbergia.

PLATE XLI.
264
1.

309
230

310

Hyoscyamus niger. H. aureus. The Golden Henbane.

Common winged Thunbergia. Common Black Henbane.

Collinsia grandiflora.

Large-flowered Collinsia.

265 266
267

2.

C. heterophylla.
C. bicolor. C. parviflora.

Various-leaved Collinsia.

PLATE XLVIII.
311
1. 2.

261

3. 4.

Two-leaved Collinsia.
Small-flowered Collinsia.

Erythrsea aggregata.

Cluster-flowered Lesser Centaury.

Perfoliate-leaved Yellow-wort.

312 313
231

Chlora perfoliata.

PLATE
268 269 270
271
1.

3. 4.

Pladera (Cascona) decussata.

The angular

Pladera.

XLII.
Pinnate-leaved Schizantbus.

314

Gentiana quinqueflora.

Five-flowered Gentian.

Schizanthus pinnatus.

315 316
317 318

5. 6.
7.

G. (Ericala)
Erythrsea

nivalis.

Snow Gentian.
Bitter Gentian.

2. S. porrigens.

Spreading Schizanthus.

G. (Eurythalia) amarella.
littoralis.

3. S. pinnatus humilis.

Dwarf Schizanthus.

Sea-shore Lesser Centaury.

Lesser Centaury.

4. S. retusus.

Scarlet Schizanthus.

8.

. centaurium.

Common

PIJ.

J Platfsttmen Lfu>carpic^_ I

C/a^r-de//^- Nia^'/J^.'^rr/^^/.

..-

A.'vpruo .mlu.^'

..n^u:,:

THB

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
OP

ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
CHAPTER
I.

RANUNCULACEiE
Botanical Character of the Order.

Dec.
and the petals into
nectaries.

Sepals and petals numerous.

pistils),

into petals,

Herbs and shrubs with

Stamens hypogynous (growing from beneath the

Ovaria numerous, aggregrate. In

numerous.

alternate leaves.

Acrid and venomou.^(G. Don.)

many

genera the sepals are changed

Description, &c.
of the

All the plants belonging

;

to the order Ranunculaceae, partake

more

or less of the character

common

crowfoot, or Ranunculus

that

is,

they have

all

several distinct carpels or seed-vessels

growing
of

close together,
brilliant

and their stamens grow from beneath these

carpels.

They have

generally

handsome flowers
is

colours.

The stems

of

all

these plants discharge,

species
it

when broken, a

thin watery juice, which

leaves of
if

very

acrid, so

much

so indeed that in

some

blisters the skin.

The bruised

some kinds, bound

tightly on a slight
qualities are

wound,

will

produce an ulcer, and the seeds are poisonous

taken internally; these

much
all.

stronger in some of the plants belonging to the order than in others, but they exist to a

certain degree in

Nearly

all

the kinds arc perfectly hardy, and will

grow
and

in

any

soil,

but most of them

prefer a

somewhat damp loam.

vitality.

They

are nearly all very tenacious of

to this order
;

life,

their seeds will

keep several years

without losing their

are,

The genera belonging

which contain ornamental garden annuals,

Adonis, Delphinium, Nigella, Garidella, and Platystemon

the last forming the connecting link between

latter order.

Banunculaceas and Papaveraceae, and being by many botanists classed in the

ADONIS

Lin.

GENUS I. THE FLOS ADONIS, OR PHEASANT'S EYE.

Un.
Syst.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
pinnate, parted into
solitary

Generic Character
base.

Calyx of 5

sepals, generally attached at the

multifid

lobes,

with linear

lobules.

Flowers

Petalso

to 15,

withanakedclaw.

Stamens numerous.
Cotyledons
distant.

Cai-pels

on the points of the stem and branches,

(G. Don.)
small terminal
Its

numerous, two-seeded, spiked, ovate.

Leaves

Description, &c.
flowers, the petals of

The Flos Adonis

is

remarkable for

its

slender branch-like leaves, and

its

which are smooth and shining, and peep from amidst the bushy

leaves like little gems.

2
identity with the order Eanuncula^esB

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

is

shown by the numerous black stamens growing from beneath the

heap of

little

green carpels in the centre, and by the distinctness of the carpels, which yet
fallen.

grow

close together

on the end of the flower-stalk, so as to form a head when the petals have
different species of Adonis, besides varieties
;

Botanists enumerate seventeen

and
;

ten of these species are said to be annuals.

all

Only two

or

three, however, are cultivated in British gardens

and

the annual kinds are, probably, only varieties of the

in the size

common

Flos Adonis (Adonis autumnaUs), as they only

.

diflFer

and colour of the flower, and the height

of the plant.

1.ADONIS AUTUMNALIS

Lin.

THE AUTUMN-FLOWERING FLOS ADONIS, OR

PHEASANT'S EYE.
781;
conniving (that
carpels
Is,

Ekoiutihos. Smith's Eng. Bot.

Curt. PI. Lond. vol.
ii.

t.

308; 2nd

edit. vol. v. t.

lying close together), scarcely larger than the calyx

styles,

t.

37

Specific Character.

Calyx

and out fig.

smooth.

3, in Plate 1.

crowned ty very short

and collected into an ovate

Petals 6 or 8, concave,

head.

Stems branched.

(G. Don.)
a plant about a foot high, with

Description, Geography, History, &c.

The

common

Flos Adonis

is

numerous very
flowers were

finely cut leaves.

These leaves grow in so bushy a manner, that they would almost conceal the
its

it

not for their intensely deep blood-red colour, which has obtained for the plant

French

name

of Goutte de sang.
little

These flowers are small, cup-shaped, and produced at the extremities of the stem and

branches, like
it is

ruby crowns.

The plant

is

found growing wild in

corn'-fields in

very part of Europe, though

by no means

so

common

in

England as on the Continent.

Its principal British habitat is in Kent,

It

on the

borders of the
as

Modway, between Rochester and Maidstone.

was cultivated

in British gardens before

1597

Gerard
it

tells

us in his Herbal, published in that year, that he brought the seed from the west of England,
it

where

was growing wild among the com, and sowed

in his garden " for the beautie of the flowres sake."

!

This garden was in Holborn, which was then considered to be in the suburbs of London
Flos Adonis was called

In Gerard's time the

call it

Red Mathes, and Red Camomile ; but he

adds, " our

London women
it

Rose-a-

Rubie."
rally

Parkinson, in his Garden of Pleatant Flowen, published in 1629, mentions that

for the beauty-sake of the flower ;"

was then geneit

" brought into gardens

and he adds that some considered

it

a kind

of Camomile, and others, a kind of

Anemone.

The legendary

history of the flower tells us that

its

sprang from
plant
grief

the blood of Adonis, dedicated to

when he was wounded by

the boar, and hence received

it is

Latin name.

The

was
and

Venus

and, in the language of the flowers,

considered the

emblem

of tender

melancholy recollections.

Culture.
for

Though

the Flos Adonis, as

years,
it

we have
little

already seen, has been cultivated in our flower-gardens

to
;

more than two hundred

has but

recommend

it

as a garden flower.

It should, indeed,
its

never be cultivated, unless there be abundance of room

finely-cut leaves, give it rather a

as the smallness of its flowers,

all

and bushiness of

weedy appearance, and

it is

plants of this kind ought to be carefully avoided

desirable plant
;

small gardens.

In suitable situations, however,

will

in

some respects a

as

it

requires very

little cultiure,

and

grow

in

any common garden

soil.

It will also

grow

in

any situation that

;

is

not too high

and dry

and the plants will thrive very well in a shrulibery, or under the drip of trees

though they will

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
hot flower quite so soon
light
if

grown

in the shade, as they will in

an open border where they have the advantage of

;

and

air.

Tlie seeds of this species sold in the seed-shops are, 'in fact, the carpels

and when they are quite

in a fresh state

they

may

be cut open,
it

when

the

little

black seed will be found attached on One side to the lower

part of the carpel, which

does

nota quarter fill.

The

carpels sold in the seed-shops are

however generally

too dry to be cut open, and they

may

be sown

entire, as the carpel will

open at

its

natural division in the

ground when the seed begins to germinate.

the seeds are not at
all

The dry

carpels are quite as good as the fresh ones for sowing, as

injured

by keeping.

When

the place where the seeds are to be

;

sown

is

fixed

on,

the ground should be loosened with a fork and broken Very fine
level,

after

which

it

should be

made

perfectly

and raked.

Several

little circles

should then be

made
and

(their number,' arid the distance they are from eacli

if the

other, depending onjthe quantity of flowers, wanted),

ground be tolerably dry, this

may

be done

by

pressing on

it

the bottom of a flower-pot saucer, about three inches or four inches in diameter, in every place

where a

circle is to

be made.

On

the smooth level surface of the circles thus formed, a very few seeds (not

more than

six or eight in each patch) should

be spread

the saucer should then be again applied, so as to press

its

them gently

into the

soil,

and thus to

fix

each seed in

proper place.
seeds,

The

operation of sowing

is

concluded
their

by drawing the earth displaced by the saucer over the

thickness, or say, about the eighth of

eoas

to cover

them about- twice

own

an inch.

In dry sandy
.

soils,

the covering

may

also receive a slight

pressure from the saucer

but this

is
all,

unnecessary unless the

as part of the soil

soil

should be very loose.

stick to
it
it,

If the soil should be wet,

circle could neither

the saucer must not be used at

would

and thus the

be
soil

rendered smooth before sowing, nor the seeds be pressed firmly into
is

afterwards.

In spring, when the

very dry, a slight watering

may

be given to the seeds after sowing, by a watering-pot having a very

fine rose

but this must be done very carefully, as too

much water would wash

the seeds out of their places.

When

the

sowing

is

finished,

flat

piece of wood, called a name-stick or label, should be inserted in the centre of each

patch, with the

name

of the plant, or a

number marked upon

if it

it ;

or a round stick

may
it,

be used with a

cleft

at

the top, in which the paper that contained the seeds,

first

has the

name upon

may

be stuck, having been

effect of
it

neatly folded up.

When

danger

is

apprehended from birds, or vermin, or from the scorching

till

the

sun, a flower-pot

maybe whelmed

over the patch, and kept on

the seeds are above ground,

it

when

should

be taken

ofi^

imniediakely, and not put on again.

is,

The
for a

reason for instantly removing

when

the seedlings

appear above ground,

their stems

that

if it

were kept on even

few days, the young plants would be drawn up, and

so

would become

so elongated,

and consequently

weak, that they would never recover

it.

It

is

always an object to keep flowering plants strong and bushy, as when the stems are long and weak they have not
only an unhealthy and untidy appearance, but the flowers are never so large or so rich in colour as they are
the plants are well grown.

when

An

inverted flower-pot
its

is

better than any other covering for protecting seeds, not only

from

its

cheapness and simplicity, and from

its sides

having the advantage of being almost always at hand in a garden,

air,

but because, while

shade the ground from the sun, and exclude the powerful action of the

thus

lessening evaporation
air for the

and keeping the

soil moist, the hole in the bottom admits a sufficient quantity of light

and

purposes of germination.

After the plants have obtained two or three leaves each, they should be
;

thinned out, so as to leave not more than three or at most four plants in each patch

or if the

soil

be good

and

thjB

plants vigorous, even one or

two

plants in each patch will be

suflScient to

form a handsome tuft or bush.i

will

In general the fewer plants that are allowed

to remain in a patch, the

more vigorous and handsome

be

thtf

b2

4
busli or'tuft of leases

...

THK

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
up
in thinning,

and flowers produced.

The

plants of Flos Adonis which are pulled

may be
will

thrown away,

as they rarely succeed

when

transplanted.

The

plants being naturally

stiff

and bushy, they

not require either pruning or training ; but as to look handsome they should have plenty of room to spread on

every

side,

the plants

left after

thinning should be as far from each other as possible

clear round the patch.

and a space of at

least

foot or eighteen.inches should be left

After
the

this,

they will need no other culture than

will stand the winter perfectly

an occasional watering

if

the weather should be very dry.

As
is

Fhs Adonis
to flower.

well, the time of sowing

may depend on

the time
;

when
and
if

it

wanted

If

sown

in September,

it

will

be in

full

flower

by

the middle or end of April

If

sown again in March, say the

light soils in

first

week,

it

will

come

into flower about

midsummer.
if

some seeds are sown on

Seeds

wet weather in July, they will flower

from October to February

the weather be mild.

may

be procured at any seed-shop.

OTHER ANNUAL KINDS OF ADONIS.

These
as'

before observed are all probably only varieties of ^. autumnalis; and the only one of them, the
is

name

of which

to be found in nurserymen's catalogues,

is

A.

eestivalis,

the summer-flowering Pheasant's Eye.

is,

A. vemalis, a pretty dwarf plant with large handsome yellow flowers,

annual, but
it is

marked

in

many

catalogues as an

a perennial.

2. A. AESTIVALIS

Lin.;

A. A.

MINIATA

Jacq.

A.

MACULATA

Waltr.,

has the stem elongated and the flowers on footstalks.

It flowers rather sooner

than

the

common kind

but as the flowers are much smaller, and as the long unbranched stem has a straggling untidy appearance,
18

it

not worth cultivating.

It

is

a native of England, and also of the continent of Europe, but

it is

not so

common

as A. autumnalis.

3._A.

MICROCARPA

Dec.

This

is

a dwarf plant with orange-coloured flowers, and numerous very small_ carpels.
it

It is a native of
It
is

Spain, and also of the island of Teneriffe, whence

was brought

to this country in 1824.

it is

a neat

bushy

little

plant, flowering in

June and July, and

is

well deserving of cultivation, but

very seldom found

in British gardens.

4._A. CITRINA

Hoff.,

has the stem not branched, and the flowers small and yellow
into

It

is

a native of France, and was introduced

England

in

1819

but

it

was soon

lost in this country,

and has not been thought worth a re-introduction.

S. A.

FLAMMEA

Murr.,

has flame-coloured flowers, which are not so cup-shaped as those of the

Austria, and

common

kind.

It

is

a native of

was introduced

into

England

in 1800, but

it

does not appear to have been

much

cultivated.
it

In addition to these kinds which have been introduced into Britain,

has not yet been introduced, appears well worthy of so being.

we may mention
is

one, which, though

it

This

called

^. dentata ;

has yellow petals

crested,

with black claws (the claw

is

the part that

is

nearest the stalk),

and the carpels are toothed, or rather

on

^</^hmu(mii')uud&mum/'.

9'.0e^(,niu/m^axii
-

h'ne- fiAn<^

'a^dfi/unm/m ^ya^o /arr fu. ttufuaa^cem

^fiitn-anu

f0AAmi(Mn^^^aci(} ^.It/^/aSfxi.

A^i/fi4im'mn/ av&diu

auuiva

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
the back, whence
tlie

5
and from the description appears
it

name.

It is a native of

Egypt and the

in

isle

of Cyprus, " calls

to be the handsomest of the genus.

DecandoUe,

his "

Prodromm,

A. dentcUa var.

orientalit,

and

mentions another A. dentaia, a native of France, which has flame-coloured flowers, but which resembles the

Egyptian plant in

its

crested seed -pods.

GENUS

II.

DELPHINIUM
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE LARKSPUR.

POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
flowers.

Generic Character.

Calyx

deciduous, petal-liko, irregular, with

Petals 4
;

Twenty-three species are annuals.

;

Natives of the south of

the upper sepal drawn out below into a spur.

2 upper ones G. Don. showy

Europe, and north of Africa

also, of

Asia Minor, and Nepaul in Asia,

drawn out

at the base

into appendages, within

the spur.

and Penusylvania and Virginia

in

North America.

Erect, or branching herbs, with piilmately-multifid leaves, and

Description, &c.

The flowers
five sepals,

of the larkspur are so

common

that they do not excite half the attention that

their curious construction well deserves.

first sight,

In them the sepals of the calyx, and the true petals of the flower, at

can scarcely be distinguished from each other.

When

examined

closely,

however, the calyx will be

is visible

found to be composed of
bud.
long

one of which forms a kind of horn, and the shape of which

in the

When
tails,

the flower expands, the true petals

in the

show themselves

they are four in number, and two of them have

rise to

which are hidden

;

homed

sepal.

This curious construction has given

both the English

lark,

aud botanic names

the

homed

sepal being something like the hind

;

claw of the foot of the

and the bud

bearing a fancied resemblance to a dolphin

lark's-heels
;

delphinium signifying a dolphin.

called yellow lark's-heels.

The

old English

name was

and the Nasturtium (Tropseolum majus) was

1. DELPHINIUM
Sytjonyme.

CONSOLIDA
edit. vol. v.
t.

Lin.

THE BRANCHING, OR WILD LARKSPUR.

Varieties.

D. segctum.

Engravings

Lam.
t.

These

are very

numerous, even

in a wild state.

D.

Eng. Bot.

1839; 2nd
erect,
;

769; and
spreading

consulida
flowers,

is

found with red, pale-reddish,

is

lilac,

pinkish, and white

our Jig. S, in Plate 3, of the single pink

Specific

variety.
flmootliish,

though the usual colour

a very dark blue.

rfie

The garden
if

Character.

Stem

with

varieties are generally double,

and they consist of

white, blush, rose-

branches; flowers few, loosely racemose

pedicels (footstalks) longer

coloured,

lilac,

light

purple, dark purple, and striped, which last

than the bracteas

carpels smooth,

(G. Don.)

sometimes

also called unique.

Description, &c.
of

The branching larkspur,

;

in good soil

and favourable

situations, will

grow

to the height

two

feet or three feet,

with numerous, slender, spreading, alternate branches.

The

leaves spring from the

branches without footstalks

they are downy, and are divided into numerous linear segments.

The

flowers are

thinly set on the raceme, and being on footstalks, hang

Ajacis).

much more

loosely than those of the rocket larkspur (J).

The
:

sepals in the wild flower of

D.

consolida are of a dark-blue on one side,

and have a pinkish tinge on

the other
generally

the petals are pinkish, and form a curious kind of hood in the centre of the flower.

The

carpels

grow

two together

they contain numerous seeds, which are black and

sliining,

and the

taste of

which

g
is acrid.

THE
These seeds arc poisonous.

LADIES'
is

FLOWER-GARDEN
its

The stem

rather slender, in proportion to

height, and \videly-spreading

It
is

branches, and the plant has a long tap root, more like that of a perennial tlian that of an annual.

said to

newer

in a wild state in

June and July; but in gardens

it

is

much

later

than the dwarf larkspur, and seldom

comes into flower before August.

The branching larkspur

In England, Sowerby
Suffolk,

is

generally found in coru-fields, and

is

a native of Europe, and some parts of America".

fields in

tells us,

"

it

abounds
to

in the

open chalky or sandy

as
it is

some parts of Cambridgeshire,

and Kent."
it is

It

was knowT.

the Greeks and Romans,

list

described
;

by

Dioscorides and Pliny.

In

England

mentioned by Tusser, in his

of garden flowers in
is is

1572

so that the single kind has been in

cultivation since the time of Elizabeth.

larkes'-heeles there are
chiefly in gardens,

The double kind

;

first

mentioned by Parkinson, who says,

sorts,

"Of

two
is

principall kindes
;

the wild kinde

of

two

cue which

is

with us noursed up

and

the greatest

the other,

which

is

smaller and lower, often found in our plowed landes,

;

and elsewhere.

Of the former

of these wilde sorts, there are double as well as single

and of the tame, or more

is

upright, double also and single, and each of divers colours, as shall be set downe."

The " wilde sort"

evidently

D. consoUda j
regius,

and " the tame, or more upright," D.

latter

Ajacig.

The branching larkspur was formerly

called Floi

and ConsoUda regius ; the

its

name, which
;

signifies joining or uniting,

being given to the plant, as

it

Bome

say, from

supposed power of healing wounds

if

but, as from its acrid properties,

woTild be more likely

to inflame

wounds

applied to

them than
is

to heal them, the

still

name more probably

alludes to the growing together

of the carpels.

The bruised

plant

said to be

used as the principal ingredient in some kinds of cosmetics

acridity

but

it

ought to be employed cautiously, as though

in, to

its

may

at first clear the skin, it cannot

fail, if its

use

be persevered

destroy

it.

The French names

for this plant, of Dauphinelle,

;

Pied d'Alouette, and Eperon de Chevalier, are evidently

derived from the shape of the flower

for the plant all signify knight's spur.

and

it is

remarkable, that the German, Italian, and Spanish names

Culture.

The seeds
;

of the branching larkspur should be

sown

in the

same manner

as directed for those of

the Flos Adonis

and the young plants should be thinned out in the same manner, the plants drawn out being
There should never be more than three

thrown away,
left in
it

as from their tap roots they will not bear transplanting.

if

a patch, and they should be as far asunder as possible, as

the plant be not allowed abundance of room,

will

from

its

spreading habit become deformed, and one side will be

much

larger than the other.

When the plant

it

has attained

its full size, it will

be necessary, unless the plant should be very strong, to support

it

by tying

it

to

a neatly-painted stake, to keep

upright, and to prevent

it

from being broken by the wind.

The branching

larkspur should never -be sown with the rocket larkspur, as they do not flower at the same time, and their
diflrcnt habits of

growth do not harmonise. In some situations the

its

single wild

kind

is

very ornamental, from the

intense blue of the centre of

effect of shot silk.

flowers, while the violet, or pinkish tinge

on the back, gives them somewhat the

Dr. Lindley, speaking of one of the perennial species which resembles this kind in colour,

says, " All plants of this description are seen to the greatest advantage on the skirts of shrubberies, or on banks,

where

it is

requured to produce a wild and rough

efiect.

If

it

can be so contrived that their flowers are shaded

during the day, and brightly illuminated by the setting sun, or that they are placed so as to droop over streams
of water, where the freshness and moisture of the air prevent their rapid fading, a brilliancy of colour
,by masses of them, which
is eflfected

we

shall in vain

attempt to procure in any other way."

Bot. Reg. for

838,

t.

52.

VOF

ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

2.DELPHINIUM
Synonymes.

TENUISSIMUM
t.

Sib. et Fis.

THE SLENDER-BRANCHED LARKSPUR.

Specific Character.

D.

divaiicatiim
Brit.

Ledeb.

D. pubesccns Dec.
366, and our

Pubescent.

Stem branched and

spreadine.

Engravings.

Swt.

Flow. Card. 2nd Series,

Pedicels rising from the middle of the bractcas

(D. Don.)

Hg. 1, in Plate 3.

Description, &c.
high, and

The whole

plant

is

covered with a fine down.

The stem

is

slender,

growing about a

foot

spreading into

numerous branches.

The flowers

are small,

and of a reddish-purple, and are not on a

raceme, but on very long footstalks.

This gives the plant a peculiarly light and elegant appearance.

The

plant

was found by

Pallas,

on the banks of the Volga, and by Dr. Sibthorp, on Mount Hymettus, near Athens.

This

species is quite hardy,

and

it

was

raised in the Botanic Garden, Chelsea, in 1837, from seeds sent there
at St. Petersburgh.
It is

by Dr.

Fischer, Director of the

Imp. Bot. Gard.

most nearly

allied to

D.

consolida.

3.DELPHINIUM AJACIS
Engraving.

Lin.

THE UPRIGHT, OR ROCKET LARKSPUR.

or spread broad open, without

Our

Jigs. 2, 3, and 4, in Plate 3.

any

Iiccles

bchiude them, very delightful

Specific Character.

Stem

erect, smoothish.

almost simple, with

to behold, consisting of

many

small leaves growing togctlier, and after

the

branches

hardly

diverging.

Flowers in long dense racemes.

Carpels pubescent.

they are fallen, there comes up in their places three or four small pods
set together, wherein
is

Pedicels the length of the bractcas.

G. Don. )

contained, here and there (for

all all

aro not full

Erect plants, natives of Tauria.

Varif-ties.

of seede, as the single kindes), blacke scede, like unto

the rest, but

These

are very numerous, not only differing in the

smaller, which being sowen, will bring plants that will bare both singlo

colour and doublencss of the flowers, but in the height of the plant.

and double flowers againe; and

altereth in colours from
its

it

often happcneth, that

;

it

variably

The
the

principal kinds
tall

enumerated

in the

nurserymen's catalogues, are,

owno sowing

for

none of them hold confall

rocket, the dwarf rocket (see Jig. 2, in Plate 3), the double
(^&ce Jig.

stantly his
others, as

owne colour

(so fan-e as ever I could observe), but

into

white {&ecjig. 4), blue, rose, flesh-coloured, dark purple

3),

nature pleaseih."

The

justice of these

remarks must bo

and variegated, the common

tall

striped, the
;

unique (red and white), the

acknowledged by every one who has raised double larkspurs from seed,
as they vary very
is

German, and the dwgrf German

all

which kinds arc very ornatlie

much.

All, however, are beautiful,

and

tlieir

variety
flgures

mental, and quite hardy.

Parkinson, speaking of

double varieties

consequently an advantage rather than the reverse.

in

Our

of this species, says, their flowers

"

stand like

little

double roses, laid

were drawn from specimens

Lee*s nursery. Hammersmith.

Description, &c.

The rocket larkspur

is

of a compact habit of growth, with nearly sessile flowers, wliich

it
;

indeed appear set round the raceme, instead of depending from

and

this dense miiss of

blossom has made this

species a great favourite in flower-gardens ever since its introduction,

now above two

and

liundred and fifty years

ago.

It

was the custom

in the last century to

;

fill

jars or vases with large flowers,

to set

them

in the grates

or firepliicea during

summer

and we find

all

the early writers on flower-gardens mentioning, as an inducement

suitable for this use.
it

for cultivating particular flowers, that they

would be

Tlie double larkspur

was a favourite

chimney flower

so

much

so indeed, that Miller, speaking of

is

in his Dictionary, says, " their upright

For gathering, to make

flower-pots to adorn rooms, there

scarcely

any so proper ; because, by

;

growth and long spikes

skilfully introduced,

(of flowers), they rise to a proper height above the pots

and when their several colours are

{Mart. Miller.)

they make a rich appearance, and continue a long time in beauty."

in gardens, flowers nearly a

This species, when grown

;

month

before
it

D.

consolida, if both are

sown
It

at the
is

same time

so that

when they
tiieni

are

wanted

to flower at the

same time,

should bo sown

much

later.

not however desirable to grow

together, as from the partial resemblance of their flowers, and great dissimilitude of their growth, they produce a

heterogeneous

eifcet.

llie rocket larkspur is a native of Tauria in the

Crimea

but

it

is

now found

to

come np spontaneously

in

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

It

many

parts of Europe.

was brought

to

England

in

1573 from Switzerland, and on

this account it is

frequently described in books as a native of that country.

The

specific

name,

Ajacis, is

taken from some spots or

Btreaks observable in the flower, which have been supposed to resemble the letters A. J. A., and to stand for

Ajax.

The legend

is

that

when Ajax stabbed himself

in a

fit

of frenzy, this flower sprang from his blood.

it

CuLTUBE.
be fresh
to
soil,

The rocket larkspur

is, soil

requires a very rich soil to bring

to perfection

and,
it

if

possible, it should

that

that has not been before used for flower-beds.

As, however,
is

would be very expensive

renew

air the soil in the beds or borders

scientific

where the rocket larkspur

knowledge,
is

to be sown, an experienced gardener,

eminent alike for his practical and

who

has been so kind as to give us his advice on the

friable loam,

subject of culture, tells us, that the best

way

" to take rich soil say turfy

vnth one half quite

rotten dung, in a barrow or basket

and, with a light flower-border spade, to take out six inches or eight inches
at least twelve inches.

square of the
the rich
soil,

common

soil,

and to the depth of

The

hole thus formed

must bo

filled

with
seeds

the surface of which should be smoothed, and the seeds

as those of D. consolida ; or they

sown immediately."
be sown in
lines,

D. B.

The

may

be sown in the same manner

planting-stick,

may

a deep furrow being

made with a

and

filled in

with the compost, and the seeds sown on

it.

" If you are fanciful,"

says the same excellent gardener

initials of
letters,

whom

we have before quoted, " you can level the surface of a bed, draw the
a

your name, or the

fill

full

name, with

stick

and, taking out the

soil

according to the shape of the

other device

you can

in the hollow

with compost, and then sow the seeds.

Or any

may

be executed

with these plants, they axe of such neat and symmetrical growth.

For example, a rainbow might be formed of

Idem. In
all cases,

the double dwarf varieties, by arranging them accordmg to their difierent colours."
particularly
pot, or in

and

when compost

is

used, the seeds should be carefully sheltered from

will

heavy

rains, either

by a flower-

some other manner, as

be hereinafter directed.

When

the

young plants come up, they should not

little

be much thinned, as from the compact habit of the plants they require but
in masses to produce an efiect.

room

and they should be seen

They must always be sown where they

are intended to remain, as they will not

for sovfing is

bear transplanting.
to April, in

This species will not require staking.

will flower in July,

The usual time

from the middle of March

which case the plants

;

and they should never be sown at any other season when

compost

is

used

but grown in the

is

common

ground, they

may

be sown in autumn, and

Rea

tells us,

that " one

of these winter plants

Ceres, &c., p. 187.)

worth ten of those raised in spring, and will yield more good seed."
all

{Reds Flora,

Like

the Ranunculacew, the seeds (which are black and rough) will keep good several

years.

The

seeds of

Delphinium consolida and D. Ajacis

may

be purchased in any seed-shop

but those of

D. tenuissimum can only be had from a botanic garden.

OTHER SPECIES OF LARKSPUR.

The
of iho

following kinds have been introduced, but

we do

not

know where they are

varieties of

in cultivation.

Probably some

names may prove to be synonymes, and some of the kinds only

4. D.

D.

consolida.

OLIVERIANUM

Dec,

has the stem

erect,

and not much branched;

the flowers are few, and

is

hang

loosely on longish pedicels; they

fields

are very large,

and of a bluish purple.

The plant

a native of cultivated

near Bagdad,

and was

introduced in

825.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

5. D. ACONITI

Lin.
cleft at top.

Stem

erect,

much

branched, pedicels (footstalks) very long, spur horizontal, incurved and

It
is

Tht
ia

flowers are of a livid hue, variegated with purple and green on the inside.
said to have been introduced in 1801, but
it

a native of the Levant, and

has probably been

much

longer in the country.

6. D.
has the flowers in loose racemes;
their colour It
is

AMBIGUUM
is

Lin.
consolida, except

blue,

and they resemble those of D.

tha
of

they are downy on the outside.

this species is in consolida.

a native of Mauritania, and was introduced in 1759.

The name

some of the London nurserymen's catalogues, but the seeds sold

for it are often those of

D,

7. D.

CARDIOPETALUM

Dec.
violet,

The

flowers,

which are crowded on the racemes, are of a dull bluish

It is a native of the valleys in the Pyrenees,

and the petals are somewhat

heart-shaped at the base.

and was introduced in 1818.

8. D.
is

JUNCEUM

Dec.

D.

PEREGRINUM

Lin.

a handsome species with bluish

violet flowers, the petals of

which are variegated with white.

It is of the

branching kind, with the flowers in lax racemes.

Mediterranean, and was introduced in 1629.

It

is

a native of the south of Europe and the shores of tho

9. D.
Another branching larkspur, a native of Syria
introduced in 1823.

VIRGATUM
;

Pair.

with pale green leaves, and bluish purple flowers.

It

was

All these kinds, with the exception of

D.

cardiopetatwm, arc nearly allied to

D.

consolida ;

and

may

possibly

be only distant varieties of that species.

GENUS

IIL

NIGELLA

Tourn.

THE GARDEN FENNEL FLOWER, OR LOVE

Lin. Syst.

IN

MIST.

POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
sepals.

Generic Chircteb.
claw.

Calyx

of

5 coloured,

petal-like

fennel.

The flowers are

solitary, at the points of the

stem and branches

Petals small, from 5 to 10, two-lipped, ^rith a hollow, honey-bearing

and the seeds have an

acrid aromatic taste like pepper.

They

are

Stamens numerous.

Carpels more or less connected together,

styles,

natives of tho south of Europe, Asia Minor, and the north of Africa.

and terminated by the elongated

eeded.

opening on the inside

many,

AH

the species are annual.

There are several kinds in cultiTation in

(G. Don.)

Erect plants with the leaves finely cut like

British gardens.

Description, &c.

All the

species of this genus are remarkable for the feathery lightness of their leaves,

and

their very ornamental capsules.

They

are all quite hardy,

and

will

grow

in

any

soil or situation.

10

THE ladies' FLOWER-GAUDEN,

l.-NIGELLA DAMASCENA
'

Lin.

THE ROMAN, OR DAMASCUS NIGELLA, OR COMMON FENNEL FLOWER.

in a Mist, Devil ia a

Synontmes.Nigella Romana
St. Kathcrine's

Bort.

Love

Bash,

Wheel, &c.
t,

Engkatimgs.Bot. Mag.

22: and

omfg.

5, in Plate 2.

Character.Anthers bknt. Carpels 5, 2-eeIled, conflowers surthe summit into an ovate globose capsule ; even to nected rounded by a leafy involucre j sepals spreading. {G. Don.)
Specific

Description, history,

&c.This

is,

by

far,

the most cominon kind of Nigella.

It grows generally

about a foot high, with numerous fennel-like leaves,

of each shoot.
It

and a very pale blue

solitary flower at the extremity

was mentioned
it,

in the general botanic character of the order RanunculacetB, that

some of the

genera belonging to
ilio

had the

sepals changed into petals,

and the petals into

nectaries.

This

is

the case with

present genus.

The

pale blue leaves which constitute the ornamental part of the flower, are, in fact, the

sepals of the calyx, while the real petals are rolled

up

into

what look

like little

bags for secreting

honey,

and are

called nectaries.

The

carpels in the whole genus of Niyella, differ from those of

this

most of the Ranun-

culacea:, in

growing partly together ; and in

genus they are so united as to form one head, or capsule, each

it

carpel containing

numerous

seeds,

which are

slightly attached to

like peas in a pod.

When

ripe the carpels

become dry, and open at the

top, to discharge their seeds.

These seeds are not poisonous unless taken in

great quantities, though they have a sharp, acrid, biting taste.

are,

The

capsules,

when the

petals

have dropped,
varieties of

from their elegant vase-like form, almost as ornamental as the flowers.

;

There are several

N. Damascena, some with pure white, and some with double flowers
to merit separate descriptions, as they will all spring

but they do not appear

suflficiently distinct

up from

seeds of the

same pod.

In

all

the flower

is

surrounded by a leafy involucre, which remains on, and surrounds the capsule after the petals are gone.

The common Nigella

fields,

is

a native of Italy, and of the south of Europe generally, where

It It
is

it is

found wild in cornit is

whence

its

popular name of Nigella Romana.

also called

N. Damascena, because

said to

have

been brought to England from Damascus in 1570.

was prohably, however, introduced before that

period, as

in the edition of Tusser's Five Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandry, published in 1572, which included some
directions for gardening; Nigella

Romana

is

enumerated among the flower-seeds directed to be sown in March,

it

as though

it

were then a common plant, which

generic

could hardly have been

if it

had been only two years

in the

country.
seeds
;

The

name

of Nigella

is

supposed to be derived from Niger, in allusion to the blackness of the

tell

hut London and Wise, in the Retired Gardener,

a legend of a vricked nymph,

who was changed

In
floral

into

this plant,

which was afterwards

called Nigella, to

commemorate the blackness

of her heart.

language

the Nigella signifies doubt and uncertainty, or embarrassment.

Perhaps no plant had ever more popular names than the Nigella.
appearance of
its

It is called the Devil in a

Bush, from the

homed

carpels peeping through its

bushy leaves

Love

in a Mist, from

its

pale blue flowers

being surrounded by a mist of leaves, blue being the colour dedicated to true love ; Love in a Puzzle, a

name which
fully

seems to come from the same origin

St. Katherine's

Wheel, in allusion to the shape of the flower when

expanded

Gith, that being the Saxon for a

its

weed growing among com ; and GardenFennel-flower, which appears

fennel.

the most appropriate name, from

in Cambridgeshire, perhaps

leaves

resembUng those of

It

was formerly

also called Bishop's

Wort

from the projecting styles which

rise above the flower, hearing

some

slight resemblance

to a crosier

and in the time of Gerard, Mdanthium, from the Greek word melania, blackness, though now the

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
name
of

\l
in the

Melanthium
is

is

given to a Cape of

Good Hope

bulb.

In the Bke manner,

West

Indies, the

name

of love in a mist

given to a kind of passion flower (Passi/lora foetida), which resembles the Nigella in having

a leafy involucre surrounding the flower. The French names for the Nigella, of Cheveux de Ventis, Patie d'ara%yn(:e,

and Barhe

llette,

are all evidently derived from the circumstance of the flower being surrounded

by

leaves.

The Roman

Nigella

is

a very

common

flower in gardens, and

it is

found in

all

the published

lists

of flower-

seeds from the time of Tusser to the present day.

it

Gerard praises

it

for its medicinal virtues,

and

tells

us that

was mentioned both by Hippocrates and Galen as a stimulant.

;

London and Wise,

in

706, give particular

directions for its culture as a border flower

reconunending

it

to

be sown in sheltered beds in autumn, and planted

out into the open border in spring.

the succeeding
fifty

Its value as

an ornamental flower, however, appears to have sunk during

years

as in a little tract called the

for the

London Gardener, published

its

in 1760,

it is

only mentioned
is

as a flower no one would be without "

sake of

strange appearance."

This strange appearance

probably the reason

introduced.

why

it is still

cultivated,

though now so many much more beautiful flowers have been

in a small garden.

It is certainly not

worthy of a place
It

Culture.
that plant,
it

This

is

extremely simple.

may

be sown in the same manner as the Flos Adonis ; and, like

requires a

somewhat moist and

sheltered situation.

When

it

has been once introduced,

if

care be

not taken to cut off the seed-pods before they are ripe, the seeds will sow themselves, and the plant come up like

a weed.

Its

compact bushy shape and erect stem render training and pruning unnecessary

but thinning

ia

essential, as, if the plants are left thick,

they will be di-awn up with naked stems, and have that untidy and
to.

tawdry appearance we have already alluded

flower particularly early, they

The

seeds are generally

sown

in

March ; but when wanted

to

may

be sown in autumn, as they will stand perfectly well through the winter.

2. NIGELLA

NANA
var.

Hort.

THE DWARF NIGELLA.

Specific Chahjicter.

Kewensis,

N. Enohiving. Out
Synonymis.

coarctata

Gmel.

N. Damascena

Hortus

and with a
Jig. 1, in Plate 2.

leafj-

involucre.

Anthers blunt (G. Don.)

flowers of a greenish irhite,

Description, &c.

little

bushy

plant, seldom

above six inches high

its size.

very neat and compact in

its

habit

of growth, and having very large flowers in proportion to

generally semi-double.

These flowers are of a greenish white, and are

There

is

anotlier

kind of dwarf Nigella with blue flowers, the seeds of which are some-

times sold in the seed-shops as those of N, nana ; and another called

by the seedsmen the new white

is

Nigella, both of

which are only

variety of

varieties of this kind.

The

origin of the

dwarf Nigella

not known, but

it is

probably only a

N. Damascena,

as its capsules exactly resemble those of that species.

There
;

is

a figure in Gerard of a
its

plant which he calls Nigella fiore alio multiplici, which strongly resembles this
introduction in the Hortus Brilannicus
flower-seeds prior to that time.
situation
is

but the date assigned for

1793

and

it

does not appear in any of the nurserymen's catalogues of

plant, very suitable for small front gardens
;

It

is

a pretty

little

or for any

where

it

will

be near the eye; though, like the

common

Nigella, it

may

be considered as more curious

than beautiful.

Its culture is exactly the

same as that of the common kind.

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

3.-NIGELLA HISPANICA
SvMoinruE
ENOHiviNGS.
Spf.cific

Lin.

THE LARGE SPANISH NIGELLA.

Stem
Don.)
erect,

N. latifolia. JlfiW. Diet.

smooth, and with

tlic

branches pointing upwards. (G,

Bot.

Mag.

t.

Character. Anthers

1265, and omfig. 3, in Plate 2. pointed; styles from 8 to 10,

Vambty. JV.
coloured flowers.

Hispanica, 2 alba Hort.,

see fig. 4, in Plate

spreading.
distinct,

Carpels with a crested ridge running

down

the back, partly

fruit.

This very showy and distinct variety has

wliite, or rather

eream-

but connected

below the

middle into an obconical

Description, history,
large

&c.This

is,

in fact, the only beautiful species of the genus.

The flower

is

very

and handsome, with the carpels

rising boldly like a pillar in the centre.

fall,

The

petals of this species are of

a deep rich mazarine blue; and strongly

when they

the carpels are almost,

if

not quite, as ornamental.

of each
;

They

are

marked with a brownish red dotted

crown
is

crest,

which runs up the back

and their points spread out

so as to form a kind of radiated

is

to the vase-shaped capsule

formed by their union below.

The plant
a native of

about a foot and a half high, and

of a

bushy compact

habit of growth.

The Spanish Nigella

and

is

the south of Spain, and Barbary, where

it is-

common

in the corn fields.

its

It is perfectly hardy,

will

grow

in

any

soil;

yet notwithstanding this,

it

its

beauty, and the circumstance of

having been in cultivation since the

;

days of Parkinson (1629),

has never been

common

in British gardens

and, while the

common

Nigella

is

known

to everybody, comparatively
earlier

few persons have ever even heard of the Spanish kind.

than the

It flowers in

June and July, nearly a month

specimens of
it

common

species,

and

is

very ornamental.

There were beautiful

in flower in the

summer

of 1838, at Eonald's nursery, Brentford,

and Lee's nursery. Hammer-

smith, from the latter of which our drawings were made.

Culture.

The

soil for

the Spanish Nigella should be loamy, rather rich than otherwise, and the situation

somewhat

sheltered.

If the soil be poor or dry,

and the situation too much exposed, the plants will not take

handsome shapes, and the flowers

ground

will neither be large nor richly coloured, without a great deal of watering.
for Flos

The

may

be prepared and the seeds sown in the same manner as directed

Adonis

and the young

as the

plants thinned out

when they are two

or.

three inches high.

There

is

however

this difierence, that

plants of the Flos Adonis, which are taken out of the patches

when they

are thinned, are to be

throw away,
it is

they

may be

pulled

up by hand ;

whereas the plants of

all

the Nigellas will bear transplanting, and as

worth taking

this trouble

with those of the Spanish kind, they must be taken up with more care.
if

For

this

purpose, the plants to be transplanted should be carefully raised with a trowel, and taken up,
a.

practicable, with

little

mould attached

at all evente care should be taken not to injure the fibrous roots, the spongioles at the

extremities of which are the

mouths of the plant through which

ofiF

it

takes

its food.
;

Should any of the

fibrils

be

bruised, or otherwise injured, they should be cut

above where they are hurt

as this will induce the plant to

throw out new ones, instead of wasting

is

its

strength in fruitless efibrts to heal the wounds.

or small dibber, in the ground to which
it is

Before the plant

to be transferred;
it,

taken up, a hole should be

made with a
is

stick,

and when the root of the plant

pressed

put into

this hole, the

mould should be crumbled

in

round

and afterwards

down with
soil.

the hands, in such a

manner as
if

to give the root, especially at its lower extremity, a firm hold

of the

It

may

here be observed that

soil, it

the plant be only

made

firm

by

pressing the earth round

its collar,

that
root

is,

just at the surface of the

firm at
its

will in all probability die, or at least it will not thrive; whereas if the
filled closely in

be made

lower extremity, and the earth

upon

it,

the plant will

in

grow and prosper

even though the earth should be quite loose round the

collar.

The common way

which gardeners transplant

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
Lardy annuals,
is

I3
is conical,

by making a
it

liole

with a dibber, or planting-stick, the fonn of which

hand, while with the right another hole
close the first hole,
:

then inserting

the plant, and holding

first,

with the

left

is

made about an inch from the

and the dibber moved in such a manner as to

and
is

in so doing to press in the earth

little

against the root of the plant from the bottom to the top
into
it

the second hole

then closed by a

earth drawn

by

the point of the dibber. In this

;

way

a great number of annuals

may

be transplanted in a comparatively
practice, to avoid bruising the

short time

but as

it

requires

some dexterity, which can only be acquired by

tender stem and root of the young plant with the dibber, the novice in gardening had

much
is

better use the

first

method we have described, and make the roots firm with the hands.
weather,
in its
it

When
As

a plant

transplanted in wet
is

does not require so

much

care as

when
it

the weather

is

dry.
;

soon as the young plant

fixed

new

situation, unless the weather be wet,

fibrils,

should be watered

not only to wash the small particles

;

of earth in amongst the

its

but to afford nourishment to the plant

to

as

when a

plant

is

transplanted
is

root
to

requires to be kept moist

preserve

the

elasticity

of

the

spongioles.

When
;

plant

transif

ferred

a dry

soil

without watering, the spongi<jles wither up, and the plant dies
it

on the contrary,

too

much water be

carelessly given to the root,

will

most probably
for

rot the spongioles.

If the weather be

dry, the newly-transplanted plant should

in the

be shaded from the sun

a day or two, by a flower-pot, put on

morning and taken

oflf

at night, to prevent the evaporation from the leaves being greater than the

moisture taken up

by

the root.

Wlien a plant

is

firmly established in the

j

soil,

the quantity of moisture absorbed

by

the root, and that carried off

by the

leaves, is exactly proportioned

its

but transplanting of course weakens the

root,

and renders

it

incapable for a day or two of performing

is

usual functions.

The Spanish Nigella

kind
is

so

handsome a flower that

it

may be
effect

planted in any garden

and when the dark-blue

species,

combined with the white variety, a splendid

may

be produced.

Could the following

N.

orientalis,

be procured and planted in the same group,

its

yellow blossoms would form a striking contrast

Nigellas,

with the above.

The

seeds of the

Roman, dwarf, and Spanish

may

be purchased in any seed-shop.

4.NIGELLA ORIENTALIS
Enorathigs.
Specific

Lin.

THE ORIENTAL, OR YELLOW-FLOWERED NIGELLA.

Plate 2.
straight.

Bot. Mag. 1204, and out Chahacter. Carpels from 5

t.

Jig. 6, in

Seeds

flat,

orbicular,

and girded

with

membranous

to

10, smooth, connected

margin.

(G. Don.")
its

together from the hase almost to the middle, hardly diverging.

Styles

Description, &c.
in their centre.

This

species

is

remarkable for the colour of

flowers,

and the long

styles that stand

up

The

flowers themselves are small, but their colour

is

a bright yellow, and thus they form a

striking contrast to those of the other species of the genus.

The

carpels are very remarkable

when

the petals
are quite

have

fallen,

though they are not

so

ornamental as those of N. hispaniea.

The

carpels of

N. orientalu

distinct,

except at their inner edge, where they are slightly attached from the base to about the middle.

This

species is a native of Asia Minor,

and Syria, and

it

is

common

in the corn-fields near Aleppo,

and

in Eastern
places,

Caucasus, and Middle Iberia.

within the last twenty years
;

It

was introduced
it

in 1699,

and was grown in Lee's nursery, and other

but
It

appears to have gradually fallen out of cultivation for

easily again procured if
it

want of a demand,
for
;

and

it is

probably

now

lost.

might however be
effect it

were much asked

and

it

is

worth growing, for the sake of the

would produce in patches with the white and blue Spanish Nigella.

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
SPECIES.

OTHER
Though
introduced,
all

the kinds of Nigella mentioned below are mentioned in botanical works as having been
it

and even the dates of their introduction given, we think

for

very doubtful whether the seeds

of

any

of

them would be procured

sowing from any of the seed-shops.

wish to grow them, as
it

"We enumerate them, however,

in case
for

any one curious

article

in plants should

may

be safely taken for a rule, that a demand

any given

in such a country as Britain will always be followed by a supply.

it is

In

this case,

nurserymen

may easily
it

get the seeds, as

one of the characteristics of the order that the seeds of the plants belonging to
;

may be

kept a long time without losing their vitality

and by writing to the

director of

some botanic garden

in the country of

which the plant

is

a native, a few seeds

may

always be obtained, which the nurseryman will

soon multiply sufiSciently to enable him to supply the demand.

S.NIGELLA SATIVA Lin.

This
is

a tall-growing plant, with bluish flowers, which have no involucre.

African coast of the Mediterranean.

It

is

found wild in corn-fields

near Montpelier, and on the opposite

It is
its

a plant

of no

beauty,

but

it

is

said to be cultivated to some extent in the south of France for

seeds,

which are used in

adulterating pepper.

They have a

pleasant aromatic smell, and a hot acrid taste, not unlike that spice;
it,

and they were formerly

species of the genus

in general use instead of

and

also as

a carminative medicine.

N.

sativa

was the

first

grown

in British gardens, for Turner mentions it in his

Names of

Herbes, published in 1548,

as being then growing at Syon Gardens, near Brentford.

There are two varieties grown in France, and one in the

diflfer

East Indies ; but except one, which has blue flowers, they only

in

some

trifling particulars

from the

species.

6.N.

CORNICULATA

Dec.

THE HORNED FENNEL FLOWER.

and arched outwardly,
like horns. It
is

This species has the points of the carpels very

stiff,

a dwarf plant, not stated of

with yellow flowers, and round

flat seeds.

It is said to have been introduced in 1820, but

it is

what country

it is

a native.

7. N. ARVENSIS
This species resembles N. sativa iu
those of
its

Lin.

THE FIELD FENNEL FLOWER.

its

general appearance and properties, but

carpels are smooth, while

in 1683.

N,

sativa are warted.

It is a native of the shores of the Mediterranean,

and was introduced

8.N. ARISTATA

Sib.

and Smith, Fl. Grao.,

;

t.

510,
is

has the anthers pointed, and the carpels connected into a turbinate fruit

the stem

smooth, and the flowers,

which are blue, are surrounded by a leafy involucrum.

almost the habit of

It

is

a native of the country near Athens, and has

N, Damascena, growing about a

see our

foot

and a half high.

It

may be

the same as

N. involwrata Hort.,

^y.

2, in Plate 2,

a kind grown in the Hammersmith nursery, but which

in

we

have been unable to find mider the name of N. involucrata

9.-N.

any of the botanical catalogues.

Our Jig.
2, in

INVOLUCRATA

Hort.

Plate

2.

This species or variety does not appear to have been described in any books, and

we

are not

aware of its being

its

grown
and
its

in

any nursery except that of Messrs. Lee,

at
it

Hammersmith.

It appears,

from the form of

capsule
It is

flower, to be nearly allied to

taller plant,

N. nana, and

may

possibly be the blue variety of that species.

however a much

being from a foot to a foot and a half high.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

'

I5

GENUS
GARIDELLA. Toum.
Lin. Syst.

IT,

THE GARIDELLA.
horns.

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

Generic Character.
two-lipped, bifid.

Sepals

five,

hardly petal-like.

Petals five,

(G. Don.)

There are two

epeciei, only

one of which has

Stamens ten

to forty.

Carpels two or three, many-

been introdaced into Britain.

leeded, connected together into a capsule with two or three very short

1.GARIDELLA

NIGELLASTRUM
Engravings. Bot. Mag.

Lin.
t.

THE NIGELLA-LIKE GARIDELLA.

;

1266

and

Specific Character.

om fig.

2, in Plate ].
to twelve.

Petals sessile, spreading.

Stamens from ten

(G. Don.)
It

Description, &c.

This curious
when
closely

little

plant

is

very neariy

allied to Nigella orientalis.

grows about one

foot or eighteen inches in height, with a very slender stem,

and multifid
It
is

leaves,

with linear divisions.

The

flowers are small, but

examined they are pretty.

in 1736,

a native of " sunny places

among

the olives

and vines of Provence, &c."

gardens.

It

was introduced
to
it

but has been long out of cultivation, except in botanic

in honour of Dr. Garidel, a physician at Aix,

The generic name was given

by Toumefort,

and

the author of a

work on the Plants

of Provence, published in 1719.

The

culture of the Garidelh,

is

similar to
as

that of Nigella ; except that the seeds

may

be sown

closer,

and the plants need not be so much thinned out ;

they will look best in a mass, on account of the slendemess of the stems and smallness of the flowers.

GENUS

V.

PLATYSTEMON
Lin. Syst.

Benth.

THE PLATYSTEMON.
mature, slightly cohering, indehiscent, cartilaginous, twisted, separated
into one-seeded transverse joints.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
Petals

Generic Character
six.

Sepals three, ovate, deciduous, hairy.

Stamens
by

numerous.

Filaments

dilated,

membranous, and

Seeds smooth, not crested.

Albu-

obcordate.

Anthers
side.

linear, erect.

Carpels

from nine to twelve

simple.

men

oily.

{Benth.)

ranged

side

Stigmas linear, erect, and

When
it

Description, &c.

This
is

is

a most remarkable genus

forms the connecting link between the Ranunculacem

and Papaveracew, and

by many

botanists considered as belonging to the latter order. Dr. Lindley, however, in

to the

the last edition of his admirable Introduction

indeed,
its
it

Natural System, has placed

it

in Ranunculacece, to
its

which

order,

appears naturally to belong, from the yellow watery juice discharged

by

stems

when broken, and by

petal-like filaments

great peculiarity of the order Ranunculacece consisting, as Dr. Lindley observes, " ia

the strong tendency exhibited

different

by many

of the genera to produce their sepals, petals, and stamens, in a state

species of

from that of other plants."

Only two

Platystemon are known, both of which are annuals

and they are natives of North America, and the north of Europe.

16

THE
1.PLATYSTEMON

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

CALIFORNICUM

Benth.
1

THE CALIFORNIAN PLATYSTEMON.

Scape
axill.iry.

EsoiuTiNO.

Bot. Reg.

t.

1679.
plant hairy and spreading. Leaves

lanceolate, in threes.

Flowers of a pale sulphur, or

SpEcincCHiRACTKR. The whole

lemon-colour; carpels hairy; (Ben^A.)

Description, &c.
it reclines

The stem

spreads about three feet or four feet from the roots

but instead of rising

erect,

on the ground, gracefully curving upwards at the extremity of the shoots, which produce the flowers.
;

The

leaves and stem are of a pale bluish green

and the flowers, which are fragrant, vary in

different situations

from cream-colour to a pale yellow.

being fragile.

The whole plant has a remarkably elegant and

;

delicate appearance, without

it

The stem

is

somewhat succulent

and when

it is

bruised, there issues from

;

a thin yellow juice.

The The

leaves are long flower-stalk

is

and narrow, and grow always three together

very long.

and they are quite hairy, as well as the stem.

is

The

calyx,

which

is

of a reddish-brown,

divided into three sepals, which

fall

off as soon as the flower is expanded.

like,

The

filaments are very remarkable, as instead of being long

v-ith

and thread;

they look like Vandyke-shaped petals

the points uppermost.

The

carpels are

numerous

they are

placed side

by

side,

and when young they are slightly united at the edges, but when they become mature they

separate, and each will be found to consist of

numerous jointed

cells,

each containing one seed, slightly attached

to one side.

In this curious construction of the carpel, Platystemon bears a close resemblance to the genus
shall

Hypecoum, which we

speak of hereafter.
discovered

The Platystemon califomicum was

tural Society, in California,

by Mr. Douglas,
it

botanical collector to the

London

Horticul-

and seeds and dried specimens of

wore sent home by him in 1832, under the name

of Boot/iia ; but there being another plant with a neauly similar

name, Mr. Bentham, who

first

described

it

in

the Horticultural Society s Transactions^ called

it

riatystemon, from two Greek words signifying broad stamen,

in allusion to the extraordinary breadth of the filaments.

The

seeds

sown

in the Horticultural Society's garden

their

came up, and flowered but very sparingly the following year ; and, as the plants died without maturing
seed, the species

was supposed

to

be

lost.

It ha?, however, been re-introduced,

and

is

now abundant

in the

nurseries

and seed-shops.

Culture.

The Platystemon, being a

soil.

native of the colder part of California,

as directed
for'

is
it

quite hardy, and will

grow

in

any common garden

out,

It

may be sown
left in

Flos Adonis, but

spreads very

when

comes up

it

should be thinned

and only one or two flowers

each patch, as

it

much ;

and in favourable situations one and in

situations

plant will cover a space three feet or four feet in diameter.

It flowers abundantly,

where

it is

not too far from the eye,

it is

very ornamental.

The

plants taken out in thinning

may

be transplanted.

2. PLATYSTEMON

LEIOCARPUM

Fisch. et Meyer.
ii.

THE SMOOTH-FRUITED PLATYSTEMON.

1, in Plate 1, copied

Ehoratings.

Floral Cabinet, vol.

p.

129; and our fig.

iiom

it.

Sfkcific CHiiucTBR.^Carpels smooth.

Dkscription, &c.

This

plant,

though described as a
It

species, appears to

be nothing more than a smooih-

frnited variety of P. californicum.

1

was

raised in the
It is

Birmingham

botanical garden, from seeds sent there in

it is

836 by Professor Fischer from

St. Petersburgh.
it

not stated of what country

a native, but though

It

the seeds were sent from the Russian capital,

is

supposed to be a native of
its

New

California.

grows and

flowers as luxuriantly as P. califomicum, and ripens

seeds equally well.

'

It flowered for the first time in the

summer

of 1838, in the

Birmingham botanic garden.

VIA-

'
,

'rtt/ia^f^^

oS^i*<c

17

CHAPTER

II.

PAPAVERACE^.
BoTmctL Character of the Order
stamens numerous, hypogynous.
Sepals 2.
Petals 4 or 8.
I

globose,

or

elongated

and riliqne-formed.

Herbg yielding milky

Capsule valveless,

and

nearly

juice. (G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The

plants belonging to this order are easily distinguished

by a common

observer from
dififer

those belonging to RanunculacesD

calyx,

by

their juice being

milky instead of watery.

Botanically, they

in the

which separates into only two

sepals, as

may

be seen by the bud of the poppy, instead of three or six

and in the number of the

petals of their single varieties,

which are always either twice two, or twice

four.

The

seeds also are numerous, and contained in one capsule or pod, instead of being in several distinct carpels

growing

near together.

The stamens grow below the

seed-vessels, in the

same manner

as those of the Ranunculaceje.

Plants belonging to this order are poisonous, but not in the same degree as those belonging to Ranunculaceae,

and

their poison
juice.

is

narcotic or stupifying,

and not

acrid.

Tho poison

of the Papaveraceae

is

confined to their

milky

They

are natives of Europe, Asia, America,

and the south of Africa.

GENUS

I.

PAPAVER
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE POPPY.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stigmas 4
Capsules obovate.

Generic Character.

Petals 4.

Stamens

indefinite

style wanting.

ovarium.

20, (G. Don.)

radiating, sessile, connected,

crowning the top of tho

Description, &c.
long footstalks.

All the poppies

are strong vigorous-growing plants, bearing their

showy flowers on very

day that they

These flowers never

last long,

many

of the kinds dropping their petals the very

expand, and

all

leaving a large obovate capsule which contains an enormous

number

of seeds.

These seeds, when

yonng, are disposed along some thin shelf-like divisions, enclosed in the capsules, but as they ripen they become
loose,

and the outside of the capsule, from being green and succulent, becomes of a pale brown, and hard, dry,

and

brittle.

The points

of the stigmas remain

is

and form a

sort of cover over this capsule

and immediatoly
the poppy-head
is

imder each stigma-point

reversed.

little

valve-like opening, through

which the seeds

fall

out

when

The milky

juice of the

poppy

is

more

narcotic than that of

any other genus

of the order.

18

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

1.PAPAVER
Enobatings

SOMNIFERUM
Bot.
;

Lin.
2nd
edit.

THE OPIUM BEARING, OR LARGE WHITE GARDEN POPPY.

vol.

Eng.
t.

t.

2145

v.

t.

7S6

colour

all the variations,

however, consist of different shades of red or

slightest tinge of either blue

Wood.

Med. Bot.

185

and our Jig. 4 in Plate

obovate,
glaucous.
or

4.

purple,

mixed with white, and without the

CHiRiCTER. Capsules Stem smooth and Calyx smooth.

Specific
repand-toothed, teeth bluntish.
Varieties.

globose,

smooth.

or jellow.

All the kinds are very ornamental, and when judiciously

;

Leaves stem-clasping,

intermixed, they produce a fine effect in a tolerably large garden

(G. Don.)
distinct kinds
are,
;

though they take up too

much room
and
its

to look well in a very small one.

De CandoUe mentions two

There

one having
garden
fringed

The

single wild kind has white petals, with a very dark purple or
;

almost

white seeds, and the other black.

varieties,
petals,
d.-irk

however,
;

many

black spot, at the base of each

tliis is

the kind principally culti-

some double and some semi-double

some with

vated in France and Belgium for

seed to

make

oil,

and

in

Turkey
seed-

and others having white

;

petals, delicately bordered with

some

and India
shops
is

for

opium.

The Papaver

Marsellei sold in

some of the

colour

some

are variegated, or streaked, and others of only one

the white-secded variety of this poppy.

Description, &c.
four feet.

The white garden,

;

or

opium poppy, grows

in favourable soils to the height of three or

Its leaves are oblong, and sometimes eight inches or ten inches in length, embracing the stem at their base,

and placed alternately

they are smooth, rather thick, and of a bluish green.

The

flowers are produced singly

at the extremities of the stem

and branches.
it

The bud,
becomes

before

it

opens, hangs down, but

when

the flower
its

expands, the part of the stem which supports

colours,

erect, as

though better to display the splendour of

either

and the beauty of

its

form.

The flowers do not

last long,
is

when

left in
it is

a growing state, or

when
the

gathered, and they have a disagreeable smell.

flowers
fall, it

The capsule wounded

very large, and

quite smooth.
is

When

is

green and succulent, and

is

if

yields a
lid

milky

juice,

which, when dry,

the opium

of the shops.

The capsule

surmounted by a kind of
is ripe,

formed by the extremities of the stigmas;

brittle.

and
this

this cover remains on, even after the seed

lid

and the capsule becomes hard, dry, and

a
little

Under

are eight or ten

little

openings, formed

by

point of each division of the capsule turning

little

down
AVlien

immediately under the projecting point of each stigma

the seeds are
first

these

openings are to discharge the seed.

loose,

formed they are in slight divisions, but when they become ripe they are quite
little

and

may

be easily shaken out through the

is

openings without breaking the capsule.

The quantity

of seeds produced

enormous.

Linnseus states that he found 32,000 seeds in one single head.

in gardens are black, or very dark brown,

The

seeds of the kind most com-

monly grown
are

and very small

but those of the white-seeded variety

much

larger,

and are
is

flat

and

oval.

The

seeds should be used as fresh as possible, as they do not keep.

it

The opium poppy

a native of the warmer parts of Asia, but

;

has been so long grown in Europe that

it

has

become, in a great degree, naturalised

in Britain.
It
is

and

it is

found in a wild state not only on the continent, but occasionally

extensively

grown

in Flanders for the oil

which

is

made from

its seeds,

and

it is also
is

cultivated

for this purpose in the south of

Europe.

It is cultivated in India for its

opium, but the best opium

grown

in

Turkey, and Asia Minor.

Opium has been

occasionally produced from poppies

grown

in the south of Franco

for cultivating

and

in Britain.

In 1796, Mr. John Bull, of Williton, obtained a reward from the Society of Arts
it,

the poppy, and obtaining opium from

lated that each

" in no respect
of opium,

inferior to the best Eastern opium."

lbs. of this

Mr. Bull

calcu-

poppy produced about a grain

acre.

and that more than 50

drug might be collected

from a statute

(See

Tram.

Soc.

Arts, vol. xiv., p.

260

3).

Some years

afterwards,

Mr. Young, a
;

surgeon at Edinburgh, also succeeded in procuring opium of excellent quality, and in considerable quantity

and he found that an acre of poppies yielded 56

Arts, vol. xxxvii.)

lbs. of

opium, and the seeds 375 quarts of

oil.

(See Trans. Soc.

These

results,

however, could only be produced in favourable seasons, and with extraordinary

care

and consequently,

all

attempts to grow opium on a large scale as a profitable speculation in Britain, have

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
failed.

19

It

is,

indeed,

much

to be lamented, that time, energy,

and

capital, should

be wasted in striving to over-

come
her
;

difiSculties of climate.

The

art of the cultivator should rather be directed to assist nature

it

than to oppose

and

it is

only when
of

it is is

thus employed that

can be attended with success.

The name

Papaver

said to be derived from the Celtic

word pap, from the decoction of the poppy being

mixed with the food

of children.

Somniferum

is

sleep-bearing.

The French

call this species

lepavot desjardin*.

THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS OF THE WHITE, OR OPIUM POPPY.

Tliese are opium,
oil,

the seeds as an article of food, and the dried capsules.

When
sown
;

the poppies are grown for

opium, the ground

is

well ploughed and carefully

till

manured

before the seeds are

and when they come up,

the plants are regularly watered

period,

the petals of the flowers drop, and the capsules are about half ripe.
fit

At

this

and while they are yet quite green and succulent, they are in a

state for yielding the

opium.

In the

evening, a

number

of persons, each

armed with a sharp

lancet, pass along the

rows of poppies, making

in each

head

two or four

incisions, according to its size,

and taking care not to penetrate through the rind to the inner cavity
these incisions hardens during the night,
is

of the capsule.

The milky juice that exudes from

ofiF

and the following

is

morning

it is

scraped
it

with an iron

tool.

This substance, which

called tears of opium,

the drug in
it is

its

purest state, before

is

prepared for the market.

till

When

a sufficient quantity has been collected,

;

kneaded

with a wooden spatula in the sunshine

it

becomes like dough

it

is

then, in Turkey, formed into flat cakes,

it is

and covered with the reddish capsules of a

tobacco leaves.
place
till it is

species of
is

Eumex,

after

which

wrapped

in

numerous poppy or
in a

In
;

India, after kneading,

it

put into saucers, or shallow earthen basins,

and kept

shady

dry

and when packed up

an
inferior

for exportation it is only

wrapped

in leaves, without being covered with

it

capsules.

There

is

kind of opium, formed by boiling

is

all

the remains of the plant after

has ripened
;

and discharged
Indian opium

its seeds,

and evaporating the moisture, which

used for adulterating the purer kind

it is

and the

is

also adulterated
is

by mixing

it

with cow-dung and other substances, while

is

being kneaded.

The
Persia.

best

opium

that called

Turkey opium, which

produced from poppies cultivated in Turkey and

is brittle,

This kind forms a compact semi-transparent substance, which

is

and

easily

broken when dry,

on the contrary,

but which
soft,

rendered soft and pliable by a gentle heat.

inferior

The opium made

tar.

in the East Indies It

is

is,

and opaque, and some

kinds are about the consistence of

much

cheaper than the Turkey

opium, and not above half the strength.

Opium

is

used medicinally, to allay pain and procure sleep

but

it is

also

taken as an intoxicating drug.

It

was knovni

to the ancients, its medical properties having been described

kill.

by

Dioscorides,

who

rnentions also, that

principally used

too large a dose will

in

Galen ranked

it

among

his cold medicines.

it is

At

the present day

it is

Turkey, where, as the Mussulman religion forbids wine,

it is

taken

solely for its intoxicating properties.

In

Turkey

frequently mixed with rich syrup or candied fruit, and

AUali, literally, " the

made

into lozenges,

which are stamped with

;

the words

Mash

work

of God."
effect

In

this state it is

taken by women, and even children

but never without producing a most injurious

upon

the constitution.

The Turkish men generally take

it

raw ; and

there are certain coffee-houses in Constantinople set apart for those

who have

habituated themselves

to the use of this drug.

for

In these places, stupid, heavy-looking

produce.
Tlie

men may

be seen sitting on a bench, waiting

its

the effects

it

will

time which elapses between the taking of the opium and

it

effects,

varies

from about twenty minutes to two hours, and as soon as

begins to operate, these stupid, heavy-looking

d2

20

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER GARDEN
Madden,
in his Travels in Turkey, speaking of them, says,

beings become animated with the wildest passions.

" Their gestures were

frightful

those

who were

completely under the influence of the opium talked incohe-

and the general expression of their rently; their features were flushed; their eyes had an unnatural brilliancy;
countenances was horribly wUd."

This violent excitement soon wears

off,

but the exhilarating

effects of

the

opium remain
effects

for four or five hours, after

which they return

to their coffee-house for another dose.

The

horriole

produced by this constant use of opium have been frequently described by travellers.

" The debility,"

is

says Mr. Madden,

" both moral and

physical, attendant on its excitement, is terrible

of the neck

the appetite

soon

destroyed, and every fibre in the

rigid
:

body trembles ; the nerves

become

affected,

and the muscles get

still

several I have seen in this place

who have wry necks and

till

contracted fingers, but

they cannot
of

abandon the custom.

They

are miserable
is

the hour arrives for taking their daily dose."

:

The quantity

raw opium taken by the Turks

almost incredible
;

one

man, from constantly increasing

his dose, has

been

known

to take a
it.

hundred grains of opium a-day

though four or

five grains are sufiicient to kill

a person not

accustomed to

In England, where opium

morphine.

is

principally used for medicine,

it is

generally taken in the form of laudanum or

Laudanum

is

made by
still

steeping the

raw opium

in spirits of wine, or white

alone.

brandy ; and

it is

from

the addition of the alcohol

more exciting than the drug

Morphine

is

the narcotic principle of the

opium, and

it

possesses the sedative properties of that drug without its exciting ones.
its

The

possibility of

decom-

posing the opium so as to separate

narcotic principle
;

from

its

intoxicating ones,

was discovered by an eminent

in

German
cine.

chemist,

M.

Sertiimer, in

1817
of

and the morphia thus separated has since been in general use
called acetate of morphine,

medi-

The commonest preparation

Too

it is

and one grain

all

of it is equal to about three

grains of laudanum.
is

large a dose

would produce death by stopping

as
it is

the secretions.

The Turkish opiiim

considered the best for

making morphine,

found to contain three times more of that principle in any

given quantity than the opium of India.

The

oil of
;

poppies

is

made from the

seeds, which, as
for the

we have

before remarked, do not contain

oil

any narcotic

properties

and the growing of poppies

purpose of making

from their

seeds, forms a regular article of

field culture in

France and the Netherlands.

is

The ground chosen

for the culture of the poppies destined for this

;

purpose, should be rich (as

required for

all oil

plants) and yet light

as the

poppy has a long tap

root,

and

grows best
in

in soils

which

it

can penetrate to a great depth.

The

seeds are

sown

in rows, in the south of France

till

September or October, but in the northern French provinces, and in the Netherlands, they are not sown
In dry seasons the plants are watered
;

February or March.

and, at

all

events, they are frequently weeded,

and

the earth hoed up to them.

When
is

the capsules begin to harden, and the

;

little

valves under the stigmas to open, the season of the harvest

an-ived

and the proprietor repairs to

his field, followed

by

his wife, children, servants,

and

in short every

one belonging to his farm, to gather the seeds.

For

this

purpose they take table-cloths and sheets, which they

spread out between the lines of poppies as well as the space will admit, several persons holding the cloth at

each end.
contains

Then a person goes on the other

fall into

side of the line of poppies

and bends each head so that the seeds

it

may

the cloth.

This

is

done with great rapidity, and as soon as the poppies growing opposite
is

one length of cloth have discharged their seeds, the cloth

filled is tied

shifted to another length

and each cloth as

it

is

up

for carrying

away

the seeds.

Great care

is

taken not to suffer any broken part of the capsules to

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
fall

21

in with the seeds, as, if

any such matter were taken

fall

to the mill, it

would absorb and waste the

oil.

When
off,

all

the seeds have been gathered that will

out of the poppy-heads

;

by bending them> the heads

it is

are cut

with a

portion of stalk to each, with a reaping-hook

and every handful as

it.

gathered
in

is

shaken over a table-cloth

spread on the ground, in case any seeds should remain in

These heads tied up

bundles are afterwards hunw

it
;

up

in the

granary with a cloth under them, that the unripe seeds

first

may become

dry and drop upon

but these

seeds are very inferior to those of the

harvest.

When

all

the seeds are gathered, they are taken to some convenient place, where they are spread out on

linen for several days to dry, being frequently removed.

separately,

They

are afterwards put into sacks, each standing

till

and removed several times from one sack to another

This. mill
is

for about a fortnight,

they are suflSciently dry

for taking to the mill.

constructed something like the cider mills of England, and the seeds are
in a

ground

in

it

by a

cylindrical

wheel which moves round

kind of trough, passing over the seeds, and crushing

it,

them
as

as

it rolls

along.

The trough has one or two

little

spouts descending from

it.

through which the

oil

runs

it is

expressed from the crushed seeds, into vessels placed to receive

is

When

the seeds are reduced to a

press,

mass, or what
possible
is

called the marc,

it.

it is

wrapped
is

in clean hair cloths,

and taken to the

it is

where as much

oil

as

obtained from
it

The marc

then taken to another place, where

is

plunged in boiling water, when

however, considered very

the

oil

remaining in

rises to

the surface, and

skimmed

off.

This

last

kind of

oil is,

inferior to that

which flows from the seeds when they are being ground, or pressed.
is

The

oil

thus obtained

used extensively on the continent for mixing with olive

it.

oil,

and

it is

frequently sold,

without any mixture, instead of

of scent

The

inferior

kind

is

used in making soap, and for mixing with different kinds

since in France against this oil, from an apprehension

by

the perfumers.

prejudice existed

some time

that the seeds partook of the narcotic properties of the juice of the plant, and the government issued an edict for-

bidding any grocers or oilmen to keep

render
it

oil

of poppies, unless

it

was mixed with

spirits of turpentine, so as to

unfit for

human
oil

food.

The consequence

of this injudicious regulation was, that the

it

French farmers could

not so scrupulous,
oil

get no sale for their

of poppies while they called

by

its

true

name while
;

those

who were

and

called

it oil

of olives, found a ready market.

It has

been calculated that the olives grown for

oil

do not

yield above a fourth of the oil sold as olive

oils of

oU in Europe, the remaining quantity being

of poppies,

and purified

beech, rape, turnip seed, walnut, &c.

like olive
oil.

Some

of these oils are

oil, oil

mixed with

clarified fresh butter to

make
far

them more
tlie least

Of

all

the substitutes for olive

of poppies is undoubtedly the best,

and by

injurious to the stomach.

The poppy

oil is

known by

the

name

of Huile (T millets in commerce.

In Italy, Germany, and Poland, the seeds of poppies are used in confectionaiy.
a kind of sugar-plum, like what
this state like sago,

In Italy, they are made into

we

call

carraway comfits.

In Germany they are boiled in milk, and eaten in

into a kind of open tart.
it.

which they very much resemble, or made

In Poland they make a

thick porridge of the meal of buck-wheat, and strew poppy seeds over
as an article of food to
;

The

ancient Greeks used these seeds

flour,

and the Romans made a kind of cake of them mixed with honey and
in

exactly similar

what

is

made

of

them

some parts of France at the present time.

They
of the

contain a great deal of mucilage, and

in England,
is

are not only agreeable to the taste, but very nourishing.

for feeding birds,

The seed

poppy

principally used

and

it is

sold in the shops for that purpose under the

;

name

of maw-seed.

It is used in

Germany

principally for feeding nightingales

birds, called

and

it

forms the principal part of that celebrated composition for singing

German

paste.

22

THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN

Tho poppy
heads, or dried capsules, after they have discharged their seeds, are also kept for sale.

Tliey

are used for fomentations and poultices to allay violent pain. boiled

strong decoction of

them mixed

v?ith sugar
to children

down

to a syrup, forms the medicine called syrup of poppies, of teething. It

is,

which was formerly much given

to soothe

them during the pains

more opium than

however, a very dangerous preparation, as

some of the capin,

sules contain

others,

from

their different degrees of dryness, the soil

they are grown

and a

variety of other sources not perceivable

by the outward appearance

of the heads.

Thus one half-a-dozen

of heads

may
the

contain

two or three grains more opium than another

half-dozen,

and consequently the syrup prepared from

fear that

first

will be

much

stronger than the second.

in teething,

There

is

but too

much reason to

many

children

who

are
best

supposed to have died

may

have

fallen a sacrifice to

an injudicious use of this medicine.

this country.

The

poppy heads
are,

are obtained from abroad,

for their

and they are very much larger than those grown in

Poppies

however, cultivated

heads at Mitcham, in Surrey.

is

They

are sent to market in bags, each containing

about 3000.

The white-seeded variety

considered in France to be the best to

it

grow

for

poppy heads.

This

kind

is called

by the French farmers the Wind poppy, because

so small as to be scarcely visible.

has only two or three apertures for the discharge

of its seeds,

and these are

It is also fancied

by some

to be the best for

opium

but both kinds produce that drug, and both are cultivated by
sold

the regular opium growers.

The poppy heads

by the

druggists as from the Levant, are almost all those of the blind

poppy grown
it

in the south of France.

CuLTUEE.

The poppy
fine,

requires a very rich

and yet light

soil to

grow
it

to perfection.

When

it is

wished to
layer of

have the flowers very

a bed should be prepared

by trenching
it

one foot or two

filled in

feet deep.
soil

cow-dung should be spread along the bottom of the trench, and

with vegetable mould composed of rotten leaves.
according to the time they are wanted to flower.

should be

with the

taken out, mixed

The

seeds

may be sown

either in

autumn

or early in spring,
;

All the black-seeded varieties are quite hardy

and as they

will stand the winter uninjured, they will produce the finest

and best flowers

if

sown

in

autumn.

The
after

seeds of

the poppy, like

all oily seeds, will

not keep well

and though some have been known to vegetate

having

been kept in paper three years, yet those of the current year are

much

to be preferred.

When

the ground has

been properly prepared by digging and manuring, and the surface rendered quite
for the seeds to

level, the places

may

be marked

be sown.

If the plants are to be in patches, circles

size,

may be marked by pressing

the ground lightly

with the bottom of the saucer of a flower-pot of the required but

if

as directed for sowing the seeds of Flos

Adonu ;

they are to be in

lines,

the lines

may

be marked with a smooth rod laid along the bed, or with a piece of

rope.

The

seeds should then be strewed on the smooth part thus formed,

;

much

thicker than

was

directed for

any

of the other flowers

as, if

the seed

is

more than a year

old, it is probable that

it

not more than one in twenty, or

easily

even one in
this should

fifty, will

come up.

As

the

poppy

seed, however, is very fine,

may

be sown too thick

line, or

but

be guarded against by taking care that the seeds are spread evenly along the
;

over the

circle.

When the
they

young plants come up, they must be thinned out

and when they are about

;

six or eight inches high,

soils,

may

be thinned again, so as to leave only the strongest plants

;

and these should, in rich

be a foot or

eighteen inches apart

or if the flowers be wished to be very fine,

two

feet apart, as a strong root will

throw up

many

flower-stems, and abundance of leaves.

In poorer

soils,

the distance between the plants

is

may

be

less.

The

plants pulled

up

in thinning out

must be thrown away, as the opium poppy

size,

one of those annuals which will

not bear transplanting.

As

the plants increase in

the ground should be occasionally loosened about them,

also

and drawn up

to the stems with a small hoe.

They should

be watered in dry weather.

It

may

appear

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
useless to

23
will spring

bestow so much culture on a flower which,

if left

to

sow

itself,

up

like a

weed

but the
for

difference

between the cultivated plant and the self-sown plant, will amply compensate the lover of flowers

the trouble bestowed.

Double poppies, treated as we have

directed, will produce flowers very nearly as large as

those of the Fceonia Moutan, and as regularly formed as those of the Persian ranunculus.

2.PAPAVER RHCEAS
Engiutings.
FI. Lond. vol.
in Plate 4.

Lin.

THE CORN POPPY.

scabrous, with spreading bristles.
acute.

Eng.
iii.

Bot.
;

t.

646, 2nd.

edit.
t.

vol. v. t.

755

Curt.
5,

Stem many-flowered,
nate-parted.

Leaves pin-

t.

32

Wood. Med. Bot.

186

and our Jig.

Lobes elongated, deeply-toothed,

Varieties.

Specific Character.

Capsules

These

(G. Don.)

are very numerous, but the

most beautiful are

smooth, obovate.

Sepals

pilose.

the double white, and the double striped.

Description, &c.

The

com poppy

is

about one foot or two

single

feet high.

The

leaves are alternate, long,

downy, and deeply

cut.

The flowers in the The double

kind are of a

brilliant scarlet,

and there

is

a blackish spot
are solitary,

at the base of each petal.

flowers vary from scarlet to pink,

and white.

The flowers

and are produced

of the opivim
to

at the extremities of the stem

;

and branches.

The

capsules are very

much

smaller than those

poppy

they are oval, and are crowned with a

seeds,
it

flat lid,

under which are some very small openings,

This species
is

admit of the discharge of the

in corn fields,

which are very small, brown, and almost transparent.

derives its popular
It is one of the

common weed
red- weed,

whence

name

of the

com poppy ;

it is

also called the corn-rose,

and by many other names.

few British plants that have

fields

scarlet flowers.

In some places where the farmers are negligent, whole

as to resemble a carpet of various brilliant colours
to injure the corn
; ;

may

be seen in
is

summer

so covered with this weed,

but where this

the case, the poppies are found seriously

and they are very

difficult to eradicate, as

one poppy-head contains seeds enough to sow a

it is

whole

field.

The French name

name.

for this

poppy

is

coqitelicot,

and

from

its

colour in a wild state that the

slightly narcotic,

coquelicot colour takes its

The

capsules, stem,

and leaves of the com poppy are

and an

extract from

them

is is

sometimes used as a sedative, and sold as syrup of poppies.

frequently mixed with the syrup

The

petals also afford a colour-

ing matter, which

made

fi:om the

opium poppies.

Culture.

The garden varieties of the

;

corn poppy are very beautiful, but unfortunately they seldom come

true from seed

so that a

happy mixture poppy

is

of their colours

must depend on chance rather than the

taste or skill
it

of the gardener.
require so rich a

As
soil.

this

of lower growth and less vigorous habit than the

so full of
oil,

opium poppy,

does not

The seeds not being

will

keep better than those of the opium poppy, and

consequently more are likely to be good in a given quantity.

as those of the
flowers.

For

this reason,

they need not be sown so thickly

opium poppy, though they

all

will

still

require to be

sown

thicker than those of most other kinds of

Seeds of

the varieties of

com poppy may be

purchased in any seed shop.

it

The specimen from which

our drawing was made, grew in the

carnation poppy.
tiful effect

Hammersmith

nursery, and

is

one of the kind called the double dwarf

A bed

of these poppies, thinned out so as to leave the plants at regular distances, has a beauif

when

in flower, and,

the plants are kept dwarf, looks almost as well as a bed of ranunculuses.

To
;

keep the plants dwarf, the bed

should be thinned out, so as to leave the poppies 18 inches apart, every

way

the bed should be carefully weeded and watered in dry weather ; and any shoot that appears likely to ascend too high should be cut
off.

24

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

3.PAPAVER
Engravings.
plate 4.

HORRIDUM
Gard.
t.

Dec.

THE BRISTLY, OR NEW HOLLAND POPPY.

1,

Swt.

Brit.

FI.

173, and om- Jig.

in

Stem few-flowered, and covered with

of the nerves.

stiff bristles.
;

Leaves somewhat

stem-clasping, glaucous, sinuately pianatiiid

lohules bristly at tne lop

Specific

Character

Capsules

smooth,

elliptic.

Sepals

hairy.

(G. Don.)
all

Description, &c.
stiff,

This
leaves,

is

a very remarkable poppy, as

its

stem and leaves are covered

is

over with very

is

strong bristles, which actually

;

wound

the fingers

when

the flower

gathered.

The flower

small and of

a brick-red

and the

which are deeply

This poppy
first
is

cut, are of a bluish green,

and have the nerves on their backs and

it

margins covered with

1825, and
it

bristles.

a native of

New

Holland, from which country

It is quite hardy,

was brought

in

flowered for the

;

time in the Fulham nursery.

and only requires sowing in

its

common
bristly

soil

but

it is

scarcely worth growing as an ornamental plant, from the smallness of

It
is,

flowers,

and

its

stem and leaves.

however, curious, as being the only poppy which has been found in

New

Holland.

Its flowers,

which are very numerous, are produced in July ; and

after its introduction.

as it ripens its seeds freely, it

was very

abundant for a few years

It does not, however, appear to have been

much grown, and

we do

not

know where

seeds are

now

to be procured.

4.PAPAVER
Engravings.
plate 4.

SETIGERUM
Gard.
t.

Dee.

THE BRISTLE-POINTED, OR GRECIAN POPPY.

setose.

Swt.

Brit.

Fl.

172, and our Jtg, 2, in

Stem smooth,

few-flowered.

Leaves stem-clasping, glaucous,

Specific Character.

Capsules

toothed, each tooth terminated by a bristle.

(G. Don.)

smooth,

obovate.

Sepals rather

Description, &c.
allied to the

As

the last species bore considerable resemblance to the corn poppy, so this

is

nearly

opium poppy.

The Grecian poppy has a very elegant flower The stems and leaves
It

of a pale violet or lavender colour,

with

large, rich purple spots at the base of each petal.

bristles, as those of the

are bristly, but neither so

in 1826,

much

so,

nor

with such rigid

Gibraltar, but

New

Holland poppy.

was introduced

by

seeds received from

it is

a native of Greece and the Islands of tho Archipelago.

its

It is distinguished

from P. somni/erum
its

by the greenness
capsules,

of

leaves,

and the long slender

bristles

with which they are covered, and

quite hardy, but, like the

much
it

smaller
requires

which have never more than

six or eight rays.

It

is

opium poppy,

a rich

soil to
it

grow

it

to perfection.

We

do not

know where

seeds are

now

to be procured, but

when

first intro-

duced

was grown

in Colville's nursery. King's

Eoad, Chelsea.

6. PAPAVER
Emoraving. Curtis's
Specific

GARIEPINUM
t.

Burchell.

THE GARIEP, OR SOUTH AFRICAN POPPY.

I

Bot. Mag.

3623.
obovate-oblong. Sepals

hairy.

Stem covered with numerous

bristly hairs.

Leaves

sessile,

Character. Capsules smooth,

hispid, sinuately pinnatifid.

Lobes ovate and

distant.

Description,
differs,

&c. This poppy

closely resembles P.

horridum in the shape of

its

flowers and leaves.

lid of

It

however, in the colour of the flowers, which are of an orange colour, and the shape of the

tho

capsule,

which

is like

that of the roof of a pent-house, with large arch-shaped openings below like windows.

The

leaves of both this poppy, and that of

New

Holland, are remarkable for the shortness of their lobes and the
leaves of the African

distance at

which they are

apart.

The stems and

poppy

are covered with bristles; but though

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
they are long and strong, they are neither so sharp nor so rigid as those of P. horridum.

25

The South African

is

poppy was found hy Mr. Burcholl, the celebrated African

there called the Gariep, that is the river,

traveller,
its

on the banks of the Orange River, which

par

eminence.
it

In

native country this

first

poppy grows

to the height of

four feet, but in the

Glasgow botanic garden, where

It appeared rather tender,

flowered for the

time in
It

May
is

1836,

it

was not above

a foot and a half high.

air its bristles

and was kept under a frame.

probable that in the open

would be harsher and

stronger,

and the colour of the flowers darker.

We

do not think that

seeds can be obtained in any of the

London

seed-shops, but they might be procured from the botanic garden,

cultivating except as a curiosity.

Glasgow.

The poppy, however, does not appear worth

6.PAPAVER
Enoratings.

PERSICUM

Lindl.
I

IHE PERSIAN POPPY.

the laciniated part often terminating in
leafy.
bristle*.

Bot. Reg.

t.

1S70, and our^j. 6, in Plate 4.

oval.

pinnatifid, hairy,

Specific Chaiuctbr.

Capsule hispid,

Sepals hairy.

Leaves

Stems branched and

(^LiruH.)

Description, &c.
that city
it

This very elegant poppy was

sent from Persia to Berlin, and from the botanic garden of

was sent

to the Horticultural Society of London,

where

it

flowered for the

first

time in 1833.

Seeds

may

be procured from the garden of the

London Horticultural Society by the members, and they may The flower
is

be purchased at the seed-shop of Mr. Charlwood, Covent Garden.

highly deserving of cultivation
is

very pretty, and

it

would be
it

if

the petals did not

fall
its

so soon after expanding.

In a botanical point of view

interesting, as,

from the shape and construction of

capsule,

it

forms a connecting link between the poppies

and the genus Argemone., of which

we

shall

speak in a future page.

7.PAPAVER NUDICAULE
Enoratings.

Lin.
t.

THE NAKED-STEMMED POPPY.

beset with bristles.
lobed.

Bot. Mag.

t.

1633

Eng. Bot. 2nd

edit. vol. v.

Peduncles

radical,

very long.

Leaves pionately

'SS*. and omfig.

Specific

3, in Plate 4.

Lobes toothed or

cut, acute.

(^Lin.)

Character

Capsules hispid,

ohovato-oblong.

Sepals

Description, &c.
it

This poppy

is,

properly speaking, a perennial

for the
it

but

it

maybe grown as an annual, by treating

is

in the

same manner as will be hereinafter directed

it is

Hunnemania. The naked-stemmed poppy

a native

of Siberia, but

also found in

North America, and

has been discovered in one place in Ireland.

There are

two

or three varieties, one of which has yellow flowers, another white, and another purple.

Seeds are to be

bouglit in

any seed-shop.

When
com

the plant

is

well grown, the flowers are nearly twice as large as that shown in

plate 4, and they are worth cultivating on account of their colour, as yellow contrasts well with scarlet,
is

which

the general colour of the

poppy, and

all its varieties

and

allied species.

OTHER KINDS OF POPPY.

Though perhaps none
of the following kinds are
lists

worth growing

as ornamental flowers,

we

shall

enumerate

them, as they are found in the

of annual poppies contained in botanical works.

We

do not think that their

seeds can be purchased at the seed-shops, but they can generally be procured at botanic gardens, and

many

of the

plants are natives of Great Britain.

gg

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

8. P.

HYBRIDUM

Lin.
It

The flowers
is

are small

and

scarlet,

each petal having a dark spot at the base.

soil is

grows about a

foot high,
is

and

a native of England, in corn-fields where the

bristles,

chalky, in the southern counties.

its

The capsule

covered

with

and

it is

from this circumstance that this species takes

popular name of the rough-headed poppy.

The

petals are wrinkled,

and soon drop.

9. P.
This species
is

ARGEMONE

Lin.
soil.

found wild in corn-fields in England, in a sandy or gravelly

scarlet,

The

petals,

which are smooth

and long, are of a pale

kind of crown of

with a small black spot at the base of each.

The

capsules are long, and have a

is

bristles at their

summit

and

it is

from this peculiarity that this species

called the prickly

long-headed poppy.

10. P.

DUBIUM

Lin.

A native of sandy fields in England,

not so
is

and other parts of Europe.

The

flowers are large and handsome, though

much

so as those of
its

Papaver Rhoeas.
popular

The

flower-stalks are covered with soft silky hairs, but the capsule

smooth ; and hence

name

of the smooth long-headed poppy.

There

is

a variety with white

flowers.

11. P.

OBTUSIFOLIUM

Desf.
is

This species has small flowers with rose-coloured petals, and

introduced in 1828.
,

a native of the north of Africa.

It

was

12._P.

TRILOBUM

Spreng.

A native of Halle,

resembling P. RAceas, but with smaller flowers.

Introduced in 1827.

13

P.

L^VIGATUM

Bieb.

native of the hills near Odessa, and about Caucasus.

The

flowers

resemble those

of

P. dubium.

Introduced in 1823.
14. P.

ROUBLEI

Vig.

A
It

native of sandy places near Montpelier.

in 1823.

Resembling the

com

poppy, but with flowers of a paler red.

was introduced

IS. P.

ARENARIUM
is

Bieb.

A native of sandy fields in the Caucasus.

The flower

red, with

a dark centre.

Introduced in 1828.

IC P. PLORIBUNDUM

Desf.

A branching,
colour
is it

very free-growing species.

The

leaves are glaucous,

and covered

vyith hairs.

The

flowers are

very large and handsome, and from their great abundance the plant makes a splendid appearance.
an orange red, with a yellowish
circle at the

Their

base of each petal.

The

plant

is

a native of Armenia,
seeds are

whence

was introduced

in 1815.

It is well deserving of cultivation,

but we do not

know where

now

to be purchased in England, though they might easily bo procured from the Botanic garden,

Moscow.

ni

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

27

GENUS

II.

ARGEMONE
Lin. Syst.

Tour.

THE PRICKLY POPPY.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Style almost wanting.

GsNRUC Character.

Petals 4

6.

Stamens

indefinite.

Stigmas 4

prickly, 4

5-valved

5,

radiating, conoave, free.

Capsule obovj.te,

(Z).

Don.^

Description, &c.

The

different kinds of

Argenmne have

all

flowers resembling in shape the single

leaves are

com

poppy, but varying

in colour

from bright yellow to pure white.

The

vmnkled, and they are curved up

at their margins like those of the holly,

and armed with numerous sharp

;

prickles.

The

capsule,

which

is

also

armed with

prickles, is in four or five valves

and the points of the stigmas, instead of being

bound down

like

cords over the lid of the capsule, form a kind of cross at the top.

The stem when broken exudes a yellow juice,

There are three species
in British gardens.

resembling that of the poppy in thickness though not in colour.

1.ARGEMONE
Ekoraving.

MEXICANA
om fig.

Lin.

THE MEXICAN, OR COMMON PRICKLY POPPY.

prickly, 3

Bot. Mag.

t.

243, and

5, in Plate S.

Specific Character. blotched

Leaves
flowers

profoundly repand-sinuace<l, spiny.

solitary;

Variety.

A. M. 2
4-valved
;

petals 4

stigmas 4

(G. Don.)
.5.

albiflora i)f<;.

Leaves

sessile,

feather-nerred

with white;

calyx

smooth;

capsules

flowers white.

See ^^.

4, Plate 6.

Description, History, &c.

The common prickly poppy grows

;

about two feet high, with strong, vigorous,

and

erect stems.

The

leaves are large, deeply cut, and prickly

and they are of a bluish green, blotched, or

rather painted vdth white,

size

up the mid-rib and

principal veins.

The

flowers are of a bright yellow, and are about the

and shape

of those of the

com

poppy.
is

The

capsules are oblong, and

armed with strong

prickles.

The

white-flowered variety, fy. 4, which

by many

botanists considered a distinct species, differs not only in the

colour of the flowers, but in the leaves being

much
it

narrower, and not blotched with white.

This species

is

a native of Mexico, where

was found by the Spaniards on

fig,

their first invasion of that

country, and called

by them Figo

del Inferno, the devil's

from the shape of the capsule somewhat resembling

that of a

fig,

and

its

being armed with strong spines.

It

It is also found in the

is

West

Indies,

where

it is

called

tho

golden thistle of Peru.

cultivated in his garden.
sistence of a

was brought
prickly

to

England in 1590, and

is

mentioned by Gerard among the planL3

The

poppy

used in medicine.

Its yellow juice,

is

when reduced

to the conIt
is

gum, can scarcely be distinguished from gamboge, and

is

applied to the same uses.

also

considered an excellent medicine for the eyes, and

supposed to form the principal ingredient in Singleton's Golden

is

Ointment.

The

seeds are a powerful narcotic, and an oil

expressed from them which

is

used in Mexico, not

only by painters, but for polishing wood.

in the open flower border about the

The

culture

is

very simple, as the seeds will only require to be sown

end of March or the beginning of April, the plants, though natives of a warm

coimtiy, being quite hardy.

Seeds are to be obtained in very seed-shop.

e2

'

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

2.-ARGEM0NE OCHROLEUCA
Enoraving. Brit.
glaucescent
Fl. Card.
t.

Swt.

THE CREAM-COLOURED PRICKLY POPPY.

few; capsules oblong, deeply 5
flexed prickles; stigmas 5

242.
profoundly sinuated
;

Specific Character.
;

Leaves

or pinnatifid,
;

6, distinct, spreading, purple.

6-furrowed, covered with somewhat (G. Don.)

re.

nerves with prickly bristles

flowera solitary

stamens

Description, Histoey,
flowers, a prickly stem,
a paler green.

&c.This

species differs from the

common kind

in having large cream-coloured

and narrower

leaves, which, instead of being blotched vyith white, are only

marked with
feet to four

The valves

of the capsule are also

its

more deeply marked.

The plant grows from two

feet

high

and from the vigour of

growth and the large

late

size of its flowers, it is

;

very ornamental.
it

It

was
it is

introduced from Mexico in 1827,

by the

Mr. Barclay, of Bury Hill

and

as

seeds abundantly,
it

common

in the nurseries

and seed-shops.

It

may

be sown in the open border in April or May, when

till

will

come

into blossom in August,

and will continue flowering

October ;

but if treated as a tender annual, as will be

directed in a future page for

Hunnemania,

it

will

come

into blossom

much

sooner,

and will produce

finer flowers.

The

seeds are brown, glossy, rugged,

and vringed on the

side that they are attached to the capsule.

3.ARGEMONE
Enoravino.
Specific
.

GRANDIFLORA
226.
sinuated,

Swt.

THE LARGE-FLOWERED PRICKLY POPPY.

I

Brit. PI. Gard. t.

Nerves unarmed.

Flowers panicled, polyandrous.

Calyx smooth.

Character. Leaves

smooth,

spiny-toothed.

Capsules bluntly quadrangular, almost unarmed.

(G. Don.')

Description, &c.

^This is

by

far the

handsomest of the genus.

The
;

flowers are of a pure white, and very

clusters,
is

large, being frequently

above four inches across when fully expanded

thqy are also produced in

is

which

gives the plant a splendid appearance

strong, and branching,

when

in flower.

The stem, which

brown, tinged with purple,

smooth,

and the plant generally grows about four

This very handsome plant
is,

feet high.

Tlie leaves are large, not blotched,

if

and only spiny at the margins.

autumn, and treated as we
splendid object
all

properly speaking, a perennial, but

sovra in

shall direct for the

Hunnemania,

it

may be

planted out in
it

May, and

will form a

most

summer.

It is a native of Mexico,

and seeds of

were sent to Mr. Barclay from that

coimtry, at the same time that he received the seeds of Argemone ochroleuca.

The

seeds of both species were

sowed

in spring

on a hot-bed, and Argemone grandiflora flowered at Bury Hill the follovring October.

Seeds

may now

be procured in most of the London seed-shops.

GENUS

III.

GLAUCIUM

Tourn.

THE HORNED POPPY.

Lin. Syst.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stigma bilamellate.
Capsules elongated, two-valved smd two-celled from the
crest.

Gnncaic Character.

Petals

four.

Stamens

indefinite.

cellular dissepiment.

Seed without a glandular

(G. Dan.)
and the leaves are of the

Description, &o.

^These very curious plants

have large showy flowers and remarkably long horn-like pods,

are

whence the English name of homed poppy.

They

natives of the sea-coast,

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
same peculiar bluish green
juice,

29

as the sea
is

which washes the British

cliffs.

They abound

in a copper- coloured acrid

which

is

poisonous, and

said to occasion madness.

1.GLAUCIUM
Ehoratings
fi<r.

LUTEUM
748
;

Smith.
and our

THE YELLOW HORNED POPPY.

1

Eng. Bot.
S.

t.

2nd.

edit. vol. T, t.

Crantz

G. glaucum

Maench.

G.

littorale

Sal.

2 in Plate

Specific

Character.

Stem glabri>us.
(G. Don.)

Stem-leaves repand.

Caju

Synonymes.

Chelidonium

Glaucium

Lin

Glaucium

flavum

sules ecabrous, with tubercles

Description, &c.

Every one who has travelled from Brighton to Shoreham must have been struck with the
homed poppy, which grows on
as

splendid flowers of the yellow

the

cliffs

almost into the sea, and the leaves of

salt spray.

which

look, as Dr. Lindley remarks,

though they were encrusted with the

The homed poppy,

in favourable situations, forms a large plant from

two

feet to three feet high,

;

and spreading widely in proportioD.

last long,

The

flowers are very large, and of a most brilliant golden yellow

is

and though they do not

they are

produced in such abundance that there

a constant succession of them.

When

the petals

fall

they are succeeded

by immensely long

pods, which stick out like horns, and which are, in fact, elongated capsules.

These horn-like

pods, which are often above a foot in length, consist each of

sides like peas in their shells.

two

valves,

and contain the seeds arranged along the and prickly ; and the
leaves,

The

leaves and caly:x are both rough

which are

of a very bluish green, are covered with a kind of glaucous bloom,

which makes them look as though they were

powdered, or covered over with very

fine salt.

The Culture
prefers sand, as

of the

homed poppy

requires very

little care.

It will

grow

in

any common garden

it

soil,

but

it

it is

always on sandy shores that

it.

it is

found.

Its root is

very long, so that

should have a

soil

Eufficiently loose to enable it to penetrate

It will not bear transplanting,

and consequently, when the seeds

are sown,

it

should be sparingly, as the plants will require to be at a considerable distance from each other to look
in flower,
seeds,

well

when

and those that are taken up

in thinning

mnst be thrown away.

As

the plants ripen

figured in

abundance of
our plate
is

they are quite common, and to be procured at every seed-shop.

The specimen

much

less

than the ordinary

size of the flower.

2.GLAUCIUM PHOENICEUM
Ekgravings

Smith.

THE SCARLET HORNED POPPY.

ceum Dec.
Specific Character.

Eng. Bot.

t.

1433

2nd

edit. v.

t.

749
C.

and our

ftg. 3, in Plate 5.

Synonymes.

Chelidonium
Sal.

Stem

pilose.

Stem-leaveg pinnatifid.

Cap-

comiculatum

Lin.

phoeniceum
phoeui-

sules setose.

(G. Don.)

Lam.

C. aurantiacum

Glaucium comiculatum var.

Description, &c.
at
its

A pretty

little

flower with bright scarlet oblong petals, each of which has a black spot

base.

It closely resembles the yellow It

is

homed poppy both

it

in

its

habits and culture, but

it

is

much

smaller plant.

a native of the south of Europe, but

has been found wild in the Isle of Portland and in

the county of Norfolk, in sandy places. of

it

Its culture is the

same

as that of the yellow

homed poppy, and

seeds

may

be procured at any seed-shop.

is
it.

There
resembles

a variety of this species with yellow flowers

and another species

called

G.

tricolor,

which

closely

Both

are said to have been introduced into England, but

we have

never seen either of them, and

do not know where they are to be procured.

gQ

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS

IV.

RGEMERIA
Lin. Spat.

Medik.

THE RCEMERIA.
Capsules elongated, 3

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stigma one.

Obmiouc Chaiuctki. Petals

four.

Stamens

indefinite.

4-valved|

l-coUed.

(^G. Don.')

1. RCEMERIA HYBRIDA
Engravings. Eng. Bot.
1, in Plate S.
t.

Dec.

THE HYBRID R(EMERIA, OR PURPLE HORNED POPPY.

750
;

201

2nd

edit. v. t.

and our Jig.

G. violaceum Juss.

Chelidonium hybridum
Siliques 3

Lin.

C. violaceam

Lam.
Glaucium hybridum

Roemeria violacea Medik.

Synonymis

Dum.;

G.

trivalve

Miench

Specific Character.
bristles at the top.

(G. Don.)

4-Yalved, erect, beeet with

rtifi

Description, &c.

^This is

a very beautiful flower, and would be well deserving of cultivation, were not the
last

flowers so very short-lived.

all its four petals

They not only do not

more than a day, but

it is diflBcult

to find a flower with

on at once.

One

or

two drop almost

as soon as the flower expands.

We had great difficulty

it

in getting a perfect flower for our engraving to be

made

from, and at last, could only accomplish

by gathering

the bud, and letting

fields

it

expand in water.

It is a native of the

South of Europe, and North of Africa, in cornIts

and vineyards
is

and

it

is

also occasionally

found wild in England, in Norfolk and Cambridgeshire.

its

culture

the same as that of the

homed poppy, and

seeds are to be procured at every seed-shop.

It is It

frequently called Glaucium molaceum in the seed-shops, that being the

name Linnasus gave

to the species.

was divided from Glaucium, and formed

three or four valves, and one
cell,

into a

new

genus, called Roemeria, because its capsule

all

was found

to

have
cells.

whereas the capsules of

the other Glauciums have

two valves and two

The stigma

is also

entire in the Roemeria,

and

cleft in

the Glaucium, and the seeds are somewhat difierent.

GENUS

V.

PLATYSTIGMA
Lin. Syst.

Benth.

THE PLATYSTIGMA.

POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Petals
linear,

GEimuc Character.
i

Sepals

3, ovate,

deciduous, hairy.

Capsule oblong, attenuated at

tlie

base, 1-celled, 3-furrowed, 3-valve<l,

5.

Stamens numerous.

Filaments thread-like.

Anthers

opening from the top to the base.

shaped, black, smooth, shining.

Seeds numerous,

minute, egg-

2.cel1ed, opening sideways.

Stigmas 3, ovate, acute, erect-divergent.

(Benth.)

1. PLATYSTIGMA LINEARE Bmth.

Engravimos.
3, in Plate 6.

Bot. Reg.

1. 1

964

Bot. Mag.

t.

3575

and our

Jig.

densely covered with leaves.

nerved.

Leaves

linear, entire, stem-clasping, 1-

Peduncles six inches long, erect, 1-fiovfered, slightly hairy.

Specific Character.

Plant

small, tufted.

Stems very

short,

and

(Benth.)

Description, &c.

^This pretty little plant

has slender and delicate stews rising out of a dense mass of leaves.

The

flowers consist of three outer petals, which are broad and yeUow, and three inner ones, which are narrow

PI 6

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
and white.

gj
soon as the flower begins to expand,
erect before

The calyx

consists of three sepals,

which generally

fall off as

but which sometimes wither, and yet remain on.

its

The buds hang drooping, but the flower becomes

and covered with
its

expansion.

The flower stems

its

are very long,

hairs,

and a great number spring from one

its

root.

The

plant takes

name from

the breadth of

stigma, which divides into three at

extremity.
i.

The

plant was

first

described in 1835,

by Mr. Bentham,

in the Horticultural Society's Transactions, vol.

2nd Series,

from dried specimens, sent home from California by Douglas, but no seeds were then received.

In 1836 seeds were sent from

St. Petersburg!! to the

Glasgow Botanic Garden, where some plants flowered

in

the open garden in August and September of that year.

The plant thus proves

to be quite hardy,

and

it

may

be sown in the flower borders, as directed for the Flos Adonis.

the seed-shops, but they

"We do not think seeds are as yet common in

may

be had at Mr. Charlwood's, or from any botanic garden.

GENUS

VI.

ESCHSCHOLTZIA

Cham.

THE ESCHSCHOLTZIA, OR CALIFORNIAN POPPY.

Lin.
St/St,

Icosandria ? Polyandria $ Trigynia,

Stigmas 4,

OcNSuc Chiracter.
2 short and 2 long.
l-celled.

Petals 4.

Stamens

indefinite.

Showy

ilowers,

which though they will occasionally

are generally

last

several years
are great

Capsules elongated,
Receptacle

eilique-formed, 2-valved,

as perennials,

grown

as annuals,

and which

Calyx

caljftrate.

expanded.

(G.

Don.)

favourites in the flower-garden.

1.ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA Cham.

THE COMMON ESCHSCHOLTZIA, OR

Specific Character.
globose, almost black.

CALIFORNIAN POPPY.
Engravings.
Plow. Gard.
t.

Bot. Reg.
265
;

t.

1168

Bot. Mag.
Plate 6,

t.

2887

Swt. Brit.

and

Synonyme.

Chryseis

om fig.

1, in

I
'

Stigmas two (G. Don.)

4,

larger than the others.

Seeds

califomica.

Lindl.

Description, &c.

The common
it

Eschscholtzia

is

a splendid golden yellow flower, with glaucous-green finely;

cut foliage, and long horn-like pods.

The calyx
itself at

is

entire

and instead of opening

till

at the side to

permit of the

expansion of the flower,

pushes
it off,

detaches

the base, and gradually rises

Eschscholtziavia&
first

at last the swelling flower fairly

leaving a fleshy disk below.

The

discovered

by our highly esteemed

discovered
it

friend

Archibald Mcnzies, Esq.,

who accompanied

the expedition under Vancouver, and

who

in

Monte Rey

Bay, in California, in the autumn of 1792.

plants were raised at

He

brought specimens to this country, from some seeds in which

lost.

Kew, but they do

not appear to have ripened seed, and the species was soon

It

was

afterwards again discovered in Captain Kotzebue's expedition, by Chamisso,

fellow traveller. Dr. Eschscholtz,

who named

it

in

compliment to his
It remained,

and described and figured

so

it

in his work, entitled HorcB Phi/siccB.

it

however, for Douglas, to

whom we owe

many new and

since

valuable plants, to introduce

it

into general culture,

and by him seeds were sent to England in 1826,

which time

has been a general favourite in our flower-

g2
gardens.

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
species,

In 1837, Dr. Lindley, when describing a new

Eschscholtzia compacta,
to change the

in

the

Botanical

Register, inserted a note from a botanical friend, in

which

it

was proposed

name

of the genus to

ciirysds, under the supposition that the

name of Eschscholtz was the same

has since been proved

as that of Elsholtz, after

whom

another

plant had been named.

As however we

it

by M.

Otto, of Berlin, that the

names

are quite

distinct, that of Eschscholtzia will,

suppose, be retained.

(See Allgemdne Garten Zeitung, vol. v. p. 221.)

In

its

streams, and this native country this plant grows on the sandy banks of running
It will,

may

give a hint for

its culture.

however, grow in any

soil,
it

and

may

either be treated as a

hardy or as a tender annual, the

advantage of the latter mode being that

of flowering will be prolonged.

will

come

into flower

much

sooner,

and consequently

its

season
this,

Seeds are abundant in

all

the seed-shops.

The specimens that our figures of

villa at

and the following

species,

were drawn from, were from His Grace the Duke of Bedford's

Camden

Hill.

2.ESCHSCHOLTZIA
Engravings. Bot. Reg.
t.
t.

CROCEA
Brit.

Benth.

THE SAFFRON-COLOURED ESCHSCHOLTZIA.

Specific Chakacter.
leaves linear
dilated.
;

1677
6.

Swt.

Flow. Gard. 2d. Ser.

Stem branching and

leafy.

Segments of the
;

299

and omfig. 2 in Plate

peduncle with a funnel-shaped appendage

limb

much

SvNONYME.

Chrjseis ciocea..Lindl.

Calyx long and acuminated.

(G. Don.)
last;

Description, &c.

In general habit and appearance this species strongly resembles the

is

but the colour

It

of the flower, instead of being yellow,

orange.

It is

quite hardy, and a most abundant flowerer.

it is

was
is

introduced in 1833

by Douglas, and
is

it

seeds so abundantly that

now common

everywhere.

There

double variety, which

Exhibitions, in 1837.
of the fleshy disk

very beautiful, and which was shovra at one of the London Horticultural Society's
principal difference

The

between

this species

and E. Californica,

consists in

an enlargement

below the flower, which remains on

after the petals

have dropped ; and in the calyx being

longer and more pointed.

small
;

The
is

fleshy disk

shown

to the seed-pod of

E. Californica,

in plate 6, is

much

too

and that of E. Crocea

nearly four times as large.

3. ESCHSCHOLTZIA
Engraving.

COMPACTA. THE DWARF ESCHSCHOLTZIA.

of the leaves linear, wedge shaped,
tridentate
at the apex.
flat.

SvKONYME.

Chryseis compacta. Lindl. Specific Character. Stem dwarf, densely

Description, &c.

Bot. Reg.

t.

1948.

Cup

of

the peduncle funnel-shaped, with its large limb nearly

(Lindl.)

branched.

Segments

This plant only

The

difiers

from Eschscholtzia Californica in

its

much more dwarf and comand in

its

pfcci;

habits, in the segments of its leaves being very slightly toothed instead of deeply lobed,

flowers

being

much

smaller.

seeds of this species

were sent home by Douglas

in 1835.

Dr. Lindley suggests, that

the three kinds of Eschscholtzia

may

be only varieties of one species, as the difierences are

is

very slight between

the

them.
are

AU of them

thrive best

when

the seed

sown

in

March in pots placed

of their pots

in a hotbed.

When

young

plants

removed to the open border, they should be taken out

and planted, without breaking the cake

" very fleshy and
brittle,

of earth round their roots.

They wiU not bear any

after transplanting, as the root is

t.

and bleeds copiously when broken."

(See

Bot. Reg,

1168.)

Eschscholtzia compacta flowered first in 1835 in

the Horticultural Society's Garden at

Turnham Green

but

it is

now

in several nurseries,

and in the autumn

of

1838 was

in great

abundance

the nursery of Mr. Rogers, in Eaton Square, Pimlico.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

33

GENUS

VII.

HUNNEMANIA,
Lin. Syst.

Swt.

THE HUNNEMANIA.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stigma peltate, fonr-fuiTowed,
sliglitly

Generic Character.

Petals

four.

StaiDcns indefinite.

four-lobed.

Capsules siliqnc-formed, rather

compressed, ten-ribbed, one-celled, two-valvcd

{G. Don.)

There

is

only one species.

1. HUNNEMANIA FUMARI.a;FOLIA,
Enoravinos. Bot. Mag.
Specific Character.
t.

Swt.
t.

THE FUMITORY-LEAVED HUNNEMANIA.

1779
; ;

3016

Lodd. Bot. Cab.

Brit.

Flow. Gard.

t.

276

and our Jig.

4, in Plate 6.

Leaves decompound and tritcmate

glaucous.

Leaflets linear, bluntish.

(G.

Don.)

Description, History, &c.

as a perennial, or as an annual
;

The Hunnemania may be

and as
it will

treated either as a shrubby, or suffruticose plant,

flower beautifully according to the latter

mode

of treatment,

we

have included

it

in our
it is

list.

The
stiff,

foliage of the
;

Hunnemania

bears a considerable resemblance to that of the

Eschscnoltzia, but

more

and upright

it is also

of a darker bluish green.

The flower

is

large, resem-

bling in shape a single poppy, and of a most brilliant yellow.

Eschscholtzia.

The capsule

is

a pod, and resembles that of the

solitary flower

The stem, which grows about three

It
is

feet high, is erect

and branching, bearing a

at the extremity of each branch.

a native of Mexico, and was introduced in 1827,

is

by

the late Eobert

Barclay, Esq. of

Bury

Hill, to

whom

the Floricultural world

indebted for so

many

valuable plants.

Culture.
name.
if

The Hunnemania
it

like the Eschscholtzia belongs to a class of plants for

it

which we want a
its

definite

It

may

be treated as an annual, and suffered to die after

has flowered and ripened

seeds; but

protected during winter,

will live three or four years, flowering everj'

frost, it will live several years,

summer

and

if

trained against a
at the lower part

wall,

and carefully protected from

and

will soon

become woody

of the stem near the root.

The

Calandrinias, and other Califomian

and Mexican

plants, are of the

same habit
included

but as they are

all

generally sold in the seed-shops as annuals,

and

bear splendid flowers,

we have

them

in this

work.
continues in blossom nearly the whole summer, and
in the open ground,
it

Though the Hunnemania

splendid flowers that can be

is

certainly one of the most

grown
its

is

comparatively but seldom found in flower-gardens.

difficult to

This arises principally from

the winter.
protect
;

being considered as a perennial, and consequently, as

it

keep through

After

it is

planted out,

rapidly becomes a large plant, and,

is,

of course, very troublesome to

but

if it is

treated as an annual, that

its seed, it

raised from seed every year, and suffered to die as soon as it

it is

has flowered and ripened

only requires protection in a cold frame the winter after

pot.

sown, when, of

course, the plants are quite small,

and a great many may be kept in one

As
mode

this is the first tender annual

we have

treated

of,

we
;

shall give a detailed account of its culture, as a similar

of treatment will be suitable

to several other plants

in pots

and we

shall first say a

few words on the general treatment of tender annuals raised

on a hot-bed.

All tender annuals, to be flowered in the highest degree of perfection, must be raised on a hot-bed ; and

34
therefore, before giving

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

any
directions respecting

sowing these plants, wo

shall

say a few words on the manner of

making a hot-bed

suitable for raising them.

To FORM A HOT-BED.

A hot-bed
;

is

a mass of any fermenting material, that in

it is

its

decomposition produces a

degree of heat considerably above that of the atmosphere in which

will

placed.

There arc various matters which

for

answer

for this purpose

some animal, others vegetable, and some even mineral, as

example, certain kinds

use, not only in

of coal dross, containing pyrites.

For gardening purposes, however, the material in general and

in

Britain, but on the Continent of Europe,

North America,
;

is

stable

manure.

This

may

be used either alone,

or

mixed with the dung of cows,

;

pigs, or poultry

or with leaves, grass, straw, or

any other readily-decomposed

vegetable substance

or with animal matters, such as hairs, the parings of leather, horn shavings, feathers, &c.
a-s

The sweepings
alone, or

of streets,
stable

they generally contain a great variety of vegetable and animal matters, used either

mixed with

manure, will form a very durable hot-bed.

streets of the

In the nursery of Messrs. Wilmot, of

for

Lewisham, the sweepings of the

as the fermenting material on

Borough, and of Greenwich, have been used alone

this

many

years,
heat,

which melons are grown;

manure being found

to produce a

more equable
svich as is

and that

for

a greater length of time, than any other piaterial hitherto tried.

Spent tanners' bark,

used

for growing pines, also forms a very excellent hot-bed, either used alone, or

mixed with some

of the other sub-

stances mentioned.

Fallen leaves, swept together in autumn, and laid in heaps under cover, will ferment with

or without other materials, and will

make a very

durable hot-bed

and the sprays of

trees cut off in the

summer

time, with the leaves on, such as the clippings of liedges, will also be a material that

may

be used with great

advantage, along with autumnal leaves, or tan.

The same may be

said of weeds, the refuse of vegetables, pea

haulm, short grass, &c.

general idea
;

may

thus be formed

by the inexperienced
is

reader, of the materials

which

may

be used in making

hot-beds

but as the most common, and that which

is

generally most easily within the means of the amateur who

has but a small garden,

material.

stable

manure,

we

shall confine ourselves to giving directions for the

management

of that

When

obtained from the stables

it

in, say a cart-load,

which

is

quite sufficient for a small hot-bed large

enough for rearing annuals,

consists of

two

parts, the

dung

of the horse,

and long
is

litter,

or in other words,
it

straw, moistened and discoloured, but not decayed.

When

the mass, thus formed,

;

laid in a heap,

generally

produces a very powerful heat, too strong for being used as a hot-bed

for it should

never be forgotten that too

too hot, the plants will be

hot a bed

is

worse for the plants than sowing them in the open

;

air.

If the bed be
is

much

blackened, and ultimately destroyed

up, and become too

and even

if

only a

little

hotter than

necessary, the plants will be

air.

drawn

weak

to have

any chance

of success

when afterwards

transplanted into the open

As

it is

the fermentation occasioned

heat, the

by the decomposition
vrith a

of the straw contained in the

manure which produces the

violent
till

heap should be turned over

is

dung-fork two or three times in the course of a fortnight,

the

decomposition

considerably advanced, the whole mass of one colour, and the straws, which were before tough,

rendered sufficiently tender to be easily torn to pieces with the dung-fork.

it

When the mass

is

arrived at this stage,

mjiy then be formed into a bed, which

may

be of any convenient length and breadth, according to the situation

and other circumstances.

In general, such a bed
is

covered with what

is

called

a hot-bed frame.

This consists of a box without a

feet

bottom, and with a moveable top, formed of a glazed sash or sashes.

For a small garden, a box three

of the

wide,

and four

feet

from the back to the

front, will

be

sufficient.

The back

box

may

be two feet high, and the

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
front one foot.
level
;

35

The hot-bed may be formed

in an open situation, on a surface raised six inches above the general

side

and it should be three or four inches wider on every

than the box that

is

to be placed on

it.

Tlie cart-

load of manure, vfhich has been fermented and prepared for making up this hot-bed, should

now

be regularly

spread over the base of the intended bed, and raised by successive layers to such a height as the quantity of manure
will admit.
If,

in building the bod

by

these successive layers of manure, cinder siftings, and the animal and
it,

vegetable refuse of the kitchen, are

mixed along with

;

the heat will be the less violent at

first,

but

it

will

be retained for a

much

greater length of time

and

if

a part of the contents of a cess-pool of the water-closets of

the house could be added to the ashes and vegetable refuse, the heat would probably be maintained during the

whole summer ; and a good crop of melons might be obtained

after the seedling annuals

were removed.

The

time for

making a hot-bed

for raising seedling annuals

it

need not be earlier than the middle of March,

since the plants

which are raised in

is

cannot in general be turned out into the open air sooner than the middle of
level, the

May.

As

soon as the manure

formed into a bed, and the upper surface rendered quite

frame and the

sash should be set

on

it.

In two days the disturbed fermentation will have recommenced, and a steam will be

observed under the glass.

The

surface of the bed

may now be

covered three or four inches deep with any light

its

garden
be

soil,

and the

different kinds of seeds

may

be sown in pots and placed on

surface

or

if

there should not

much

heat, or likely not to be

much, the pots may be sunk into the manure.

In other

cases,

where

it

is

not

thought necessary to sow

seeds

the different kinds in pots, the covering of soil

in little square or

may be
is

six or eight inches deep,

and the

may

be sown on

it,

round patches.

This indeed

the

common

practice.
is

In such a hot-bed as
of over-heating the soil
;

we have
but
it

described, formed of only one load of stable manure, there

very

little

danger

may

be proper to observe, that neither the temperature of the

soil,

nor the atmo-

ephere over

it,

should ever

much

exceed 60 degrees. It
;

may fall

as low as

48

degrees, or even

40 degrees, without

the slightest injury to the plants

and

it

may
is

be raised as high as 80 degrees, or even 90 degrees, without killing

them

but any degree above 60 degrees

decidedly injurious,

by

increasing the rapidity of the

growth of

tlie

plants, and rendering them weak and

sickly,

and

unfit to

be turned out into the open ground.

When

the plants have come up, and

;

shown two or

three leaves, in addition to the cotyledons or seed-leaves,

they require to be transplanted

and

this

may

either bo done into small pots, or into a

bed of

earth, placed

on a
is

hot-bed, formed in the same m.anner as the

required.

first,

but with a smaller quantity of material, as

is

much

less

heat

For a small garden, however, a second hot-bed

unnecessary

and

all

the transplanting and other

;

processes preparatory to removal to the open ground,

may

be carried on in one hot-bed

all

care being taken to inure

the plants to the open air by degrees, by tilting the sash up behind at
plants are up, removing
as strong
it

times, night

and day
is

and

after the

altogether, during fine days.

The great

object to be kept in view,

to

make

the plants

and vigorous

as possible before turning

them

into the open ground, and to give

them

air,

or to thin and

transplant them whenever they show symptoms of becoming weak or drawn up.

The above
sufficiently

directions for

making a

hot-bed, will not apply to tan or dead leaves, as these substances are not

compact to allow of their being built up into a regular bed.

bricks, boards, layers of turf, or stiff earth,

When

they are used, a kind of box must

All the

be formed of

and the tan or leaves filled in so as to make a bed.

rest is exactly the same.

Where

neatness

is

a paramount object, the hot-bed of stable manure

;

may

be thatched

with straw, so as to

make

the outside perfectly neat and clean

close.

or the outside

may

be covered with bass mats,

pegged down

to keep

them

hot-bed for tender annuals, will never want what are called linings

v2

36
as
it is

THE LADIES' FLOWEB-GARDE^f

for the advantage of the plants that the heat should decline gradually as they increase in size, that they
fit

may

be the more
soil

for transplanting,

when

the season arrives for

them

to be

removed

to the

open ground.

The

fob growing tender annuals.

The

soil

used for
its

filling
:

the pots in which tender annuals are

sown, should be as rich as possible, and yet quite open in

eggs of insects.

texture

it

should also be free from grubs and the

As

soil of this description is

it,

not to be procured without some trouble,

we

shall give the following

directions for preparing

which have been kindly sent to us by the same excellent

practical gardener to

whom

we were
full

indebted for directions respecting the larkspurs.

of insects,
;

He

says, that the best soU is turf, but as this is usually

:

of

worms and the eggs

some good

it if

will require the following preparation

" Take a spade deep

much
the better.

of the
this

surface of

rich pasture

or

only the turf two or three inches thick, so

Lay

up

in a ridge, eighteen inches

wide

at bottom, three feet high,

is

and of whatever length may be required.

it

Then take
it all

the fresh stable manure, which

to

be used in making the hot-bed, before

it

has been turned over, and lay

round the turf and over

it,

distributing

as equally as possible.

If there

is

plenty of manure, in proportion to

all

the quantity of turf, the turf

may

be easily heated to 200 degrees, which will not only destroy

soil,

the insects, &c.,

but

all

the roots and herbage, and moreover wonderfully enrich the

its

by the

distillation of the

gas evolving

from the manure, during

turf, to

fermentation.

The manure must be turned over once

it is

or twice, while covering the

prepare

it

for

making the hot-bed ; and when

ready, the ridge of turf must be removed to some shed,

is

or airy place, to dry

it,

when

it

will be
little

fit

for use.

This

the best possible

soil for

annuals

but when put into

the pots,

it

must be mixed with a

till

vegetable mould, (formed of dead leaves laid in a heap, and turned over

from time to time

they rot into mould,) and sand.

An

old hot-bed, or decayed

if

dung of any kind,

watered).

is

not good

for tender plants, as it is apt to turn the

whole

soil sour,
it

or soddened (at least

much

In the summer

turf

may be

seasoned vrithout manure,

is

by covering

with the short grass

it is

mown

off the lawn,

which will ferment;

turf for a

but this plan

very far
it

inferior to the other,

though

superior to the old

it

method of laying up the

;

year or more before

was

used.

By

the hot-dung process,

will be ready in ten days

and not more should be

prepared than will be wanted for one season's sowing and transplanting."

D. B.
it

Sowing and transplanting.

rich, to
size,
is

If the soil has been properly prepared,

will be found,
it.

when

dry, though very

be perfectly light and

filled

fine.

The next

step

is,

to

fill

the pots with

These should be of a moderate

This

and

about an inch deep with rather small pieces of broken pots, or potsherds, as they are called.

to ensure drainage, as, if the water be suffered to lodge, the soil will soon
off.

become black and sodden, and the

seedlings will turn yellow, and drop

settle,

As

the pot

is filled

with earth
first

it

should be shaken, to

make

the earth

and then more earth put in

as, if this is

not done, the

filled,

watering vnll
is

make

the earth sink a con-

siderable depth

down

the pot.

The pots being properly

if possible, for

the next step

to procure the seed.

seed,

Of

choice

and delicate
easily done.

sorts, it is

always advisable,
is ripe, it

ladies to save their

own

and nothing can be more

"When the seed

;

only requires to be gathered, and put in

little

little

paper trays in some

warm

place to dry

when

dry,

it

should be freed from the seed pod, and put into

it,

paper bags, or wrapped in paper

it

with the names written upon

and kept tUl wanted

for use.

If

it is

intended to keep for a year or two,

quite fresh.

may
well

remain in the pod

;

but

it is

always best to sow the seed when

it is

No
One

oily seed will

keep

and the seeds

of all tender annuals generally soon lose their vegetative powers.

is,

of the great advanits

tages of saving seed

to

know

its

exact age

and to be able to judge from that, as to the probability of

be disappointed

coming up.

Nothing

is

more provoking than,

after all the trouble of sowing, &c., to

by the

seeds

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
being bad.

37

" AVlien seeds are saved,

It is

it

slioiild

only be from the strongest and healthiest plants, and the largest
rules, that plants of the

pods only should be chosen.

from not attending to these

others."

same

species are found so

much more

difficult to raise

some seasons than

D. B.

The

seeds of tender annuals are generally

sown

thick, except of such kinds as will not bear transplanting.

In every plant there

is

a part called the

if

collar,

from which the stem and leaves shoot upwards, and the root

downwards
tlie colljir,

but some plants,

encouraged by earthing up, or transplanting deeper, will throw out roots above
;

such as the balsam, French marigold, &c.

and these plants are improved by transplanting,

as every

additional root which they throw out will afford an additional

mouth

for enabling

them

to imbibe nourishment.
;

Other plants which do not throw out roots above

the collar are,

on the contrary, checked by transplanting

and
to

annuals of this kind should be sown as thin as possible.

interfere

In

all cases

where the young seedlings are beginning

with each other in their growth, they should be thinned out to one,
;

three, or five plants in a pot,

according to the habits of the different kinds

and

these, transplanted iuto single pots, should be frequently

removed
"

into larger pots, tiU they are ready to be turned into the

open border, or to flower

in a room or greenhouse.

When
them

tender annuals are to be grown in pots during winter, they should be sown early in autumn, so as to
strong,

get

and once transplanted,

at least, before the beginning of

November

after

which no tender plants

till

should be potted (unless under extraordinary circumstances), until the beginning of February, or even

the

middle of that month."

D. B.
in

Watering.
fault
is,

There are few points

we have

which lady gardeners are

This
is

so apt to err as in watering

and the general

that they give their plants too much.

a fatal error for plants in pots, since over-watering will

;

soon bring on the evils

already described, as attendant on imperfect drainage

little

it is

even dangerous to

syringe the plants too much, though a

water thrown over their leaves occasionally

insects, the

is

very useful in refreshing

its side

them.

" If the plants should become dusty, or infected with

is

pot should be carefully turned on

soil in

before the syringe

applied

and

this plan has not only the

advantage of saving the

the pot from becoming

sodden with too

much

water, but also of enabling the operator to wash the lower sides of the leaves, where the
its

red spider, one of the greatest enemies of plants in pots, generally commences
is

depredations.

When

the plant

too large or too delicate to admit of the pot being laid on its side,

two

pieces of board with a notch cut in each,

to allow

room

for the

stem of the plant, and wider than the rim of the pot, should be laid over the earth, so as to
falls

carry off the water that

from the leaves."

D. B.

THE CULTURE OF THE HUNNEMANIA.

,

Though

this plant,

when
its

tFeated as a tender annual, will flower

all

the

summer when

planted out into the

already observed,
dies off

open border, and though

it is

splendid flowers are produced in great abundance, yet, as

we have
when

very scarce in gardens.

its

This arises from

its

being treated as a perennial, and

its

it

(which

according to

nature will be in two or three years) from

not being renewed.

The seeds

of the

Hunnemania do

not long retain their vegetative powers, and therefore the sooner they are sown after ripening the better.

When
it is

they are bought at a seed-shop, as their exact age cannot be ascertained, they must be sown very thick, as
very probable that not more than one in
fifty

or a hundred

will

come up.

The seed-pods
up,

of the

Hunnemania may be kept

in a cool

dry frame, where the young plants, when they come

may

have plenty of

air.

When they

are large enough to be ii-ansplanted they should be potted off singly into

38
thumb-pots
till

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

filled

with light sandy peat.

The

pots in which no young plants appear should not he thrown

;

away

will sometimes come up the following May, as after remaining dormant so long, the seeds

and even

after that period the earth should

be carefully turned out of the pot, and the ball sunk in a shady situation in a

well-drained bed or border, taking care that the seeds are not deeper than they were in the pot.

The

pots should

then be turned over them

and,

if

looked at from time to time, the seedlings will be found sometimes to have come

up

after

they have been for several months in the ground.

if

" The young plants of the Hunnemania,

in a greenhouse, should be kept in an airy place near the glass

and

if

the seeds were

sown

as soon as

they were ripe, the young plants by the beginning of October ought to be
till

transplanted into one size larger pots, in which they should remain

the end of March,

when they should be

potted into rich

soil,

and inured to the

air as

much
come

as possible, in crrder to prepare

them

for being planted into the

open border by

the end of
till

May.
killed

They

will

into flower almost immediately,

frosts.

and will continue flowering

from the 1st of June

by the autumnal

They do not

seed freely out of doors, and therefore a

plant or two should be kept in the greenhouse or frame for seed.

a poor
soil in

These plants should be kept in small pots and

order to throw

them

into seed.

Argemone

grandiflora,

when grown

as an annual,

may

be treated
it

exactly like

Hunnemania ; except

that

it

may

be planted out by the beginning of May, from which time

as a perennial
it

will

flower to the end of September.

as
it is

"When grown

will not require

any protection during winter,

quite hardy."

D. B.

Seeds of Hunnemania are rather scarce, but they

may

be obtained at Mr. Charlwood's, Tavistock Row,

Covent Garden.

CHAPTER

III.

SUB-ORDER FUMARIE^.
Essential Character.
parallel
;

Sepals 2, deciduous.

Petals 4, cruciate,
;

rior,

-eelled
points.

ovules horizontal

style filiform

stigma with two or

1 or

the two outer either one or both saccate at the hase

at

the

more

Fruit various; either an indehisceat

S-seeded nut,

two inner callous and coloured

enclose the anthers and stigma.

the apex, where they cohere and

6,
;

or a 2-valved or succulent indehisceat polyspermous pod.

zontal^ shining, crested.

Seeds horiout of the

Stamens

in

two

parcels, opposite

Albumen

fleshy.
;

Embryo minute,

the outer petals, very seldom all separate

outer of each parcel
1 -celled,

anthers membranous, the

axis

in the indehiscent fruit straight

in those which dehi&ce some-

the middle one 2-celled.

Ovary supe-

what

arcuate.

(^Lindl. )

Obsertations, &c.
botanists
;

The Fumitory

tribe is

made a

distinct order

by

Professor
it

De

Candolle and

many

other
;

while Bernhardi and others consider the plants included in

as belonging to Papaveracese

and

Dr. Lindley has made Fumariess a sub-order of Papaveracese.

We have followed
on

the latter arrangement.

" The

arguments of Bernhardi," Dr. Lindley observes, " for the combination of Papaveracese and Fumariese are remarkably unsatisfactory
;

and

certainly have produced no impression

my
is

mind.

But the

seeds,

and very often the

between the two,

fruit of these plants are so

much

the same, and the genus

Hypecoum

so exactly intermediate

~4. :f^oiA c^fH^tn:

'5^'

n-n^cc^f.-(f-^ji

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUA lA
that I think
it is

89

more advisable on the whole

to consider

FumariesB as a reduced and irregular form of Papa-

veraces8 than a distinct natural order."

(Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot.,

2d

edit.

p. 10.

The
is

principal popular distinctions between the

Fumitory

tribe

and the Poppies are that the juice of the former

watery, and the latter milky, and that the stems of the Fumitory are very brittle.

The

petals of the

most

common

kinds

of fumitory are also tubular

and curiously shaped, somewhat resembling the flower of the

larkspur, while those of the

poppy

tribe are cup-shaped.

GENUS

I.

HYPECOUM,
Lm.
Generic Cqiracter.
Sgat.

Tour.

THE HYPECOUM.

TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Stamens
4.

Petals 4, inner onea

usually 3-lobed.

Stigmas 2.

Capsules elongated, 2-valved, knotted or jointed

transversely

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

Small plants with yellow

flowers,

and very remarkable seed-pods, natives of the south of

Europe and Asia ; which have been long

gardens. the pods

since introduced into Britain, but

which are very seldom seen

in flower-

The name

of Hi/pecoum is derived from the

Greek word

hypecheo, to rattle, from the seeds rattling in

when

shaken.

1. HYPECOUM
Synonymes

PROCUMBENS,

Lin.

THE PROCUMBENT HYPECOUM.

petals 3-lobed, external petals largest.

H.

nodosum, Lam.
Brit. Fl. Card.

;
t.

H, arcuatum, Mtsnch,
217, and oni fig. 4
in Plate 7.
;

ones smooth on the back.

The two

outer

Engravings.

Swt.

Central segment of the inner petals toothed.

Specific Character,

Capsules

(G.

articulated,

compressed, arched

Don.)

Description, &c.

This curious

little

plant

is

interesting in a botanical point of view, as forming the con;

necting link between the poppies and the fumitory tribe

plants so different,

however, in their external

appearance, that no

common

observer

who

has seen the

common
was the

fumitory and the

com poppy growing

between them.
like a

near

each other in a corn-field, would ever imagine that there

slightest relationship

The
poppy

Hypecoum, though resembling the fumitory in

in its flowers
tribe.
;

its leaves,

certainly at first sight appears

much more

but upon examination, even

its

flowers will be found very different from those of any of the

poppy

They

are not produced singly, each on a long flower-stalk rising

little

from the root-leaves, like those of the

first

poppy, but in

heads, each

somewhat resembling an umbel when the flowers

are produced sometimes
;

expand, but forming aftersingly,

wards a kind of raceme.

foot-stalks,

The flowers
this

two

together,
is

and sometimes

on the short

which united form

head or umbel

and each flower

small, of a bright yellow,

and rather
of

curiously formed, being composed of four petals, three-lobed and toothed at the edges, the
are

two outer ones

wnich

much

larger than the others, something like those of the Platytiigma

which we mentioned

in a former page.

40
The
seed- pods of the

THE
Hypecoum

LADIES'
;

FLOWER GARDEN

are very curious

they are very long, and curve downwards like those of the
is

homed poppy, and they

are jointed like those of the Platystemon, so that this plant

extremely interesting, as
all

showing some of those mysterious links

vegetable world together, in the same

by which
as

the Almighty Creator of the universe has bound

it

the

way

He

has united

with the animal world through the walking-leaf

and the zoophytes, and the

different kinds of animals

with each other.

The

leaves of the

Hypecoum
lie

are glaucous

and deeply cut, closely resembling those of the fumitory.

unless trained up.

The stems

are procumbent, and

on the ground

The Hypeeoum
places.

is

a native of the South of Europe, from Spain to Astracan

it is

but

it is

only found in sandy

It was introduced before 1594, and

calls it
it.

mentioned by Gerard under the name of

homed wild Cummin.

Parkinson
figure of

the true

Hypecoum

of Dioscorides, as described

by

Clusius,

and he has given a very good

it is

It has

always been partially in cultivation since

its

introduction, though

now seldom

seen

but in botanic gardens.

When

cultivated, the seeds should

be sown in very light or sandy

soil

where they are

the plants

to remain, as the plant has a long descending or tap root,

and

will not bear transplanting.

When

come up,

if

they are to be
;

left in
if

their natural

procumbent

state,

they should be thinned out to at least six or

left

eight inches apart

but

they are to bo trained they

;

may

be

nearer.

Before the seeds are sown they

it

should be divested of their fungous covering

is

as, if this

precaution be omitted, they will not germinate until

decayed.

From

this being neglected, the seeds of the

Hypecoum

will sometimes

remain two or three years

be sown in autumn, as the
It seeds freely,

in the ground before they vegetate.

When

required to flower early, the seeds

may

plant

is

quite hardy, and will stand the winter in the open ground without
it

any

protection.

and

would, no doubt, soon have become common, were

seeds.

not for the peculiarity

the branches, or

we have

just mentioned, of the

Trained over a bank, by occasionally forking

down

drawn through a wire ring or hoop,

it

raised

by

three slender supports about six or eight inches from the ground,
its

makes a very pretty bush

covered with

bunches of yellow flowers, and long horn-like pods.

Seeds

may

be purchased at Mr. Charlwood's seed-shop, Covent Garden.

The specimen our

figure

was taken

from grew in the Horticultural Society's Garden at Turnham Green, where the plant, in the autumn of 1838,
formed a large mass as
it

lay procumbent on the ground.

OTHER SPECIES OF HYPECOUM.

These are quite hardy, and are marked in the botanical works as having been introduced, but
seen

we have

never

them growing, and we do not know where they are

to be procured.

2. H.
Tlie flowers are large

PENDULUM,

Lin.
entire.

and of a pale yellow, and the edges of the petals are

The

capsules are knotted,

Intro-

and hang straight down without any curvature.

duced before 1640, as
kind.
it

A native

of Europe, from Spain to the Caspian Sea.

in that year.

was mentioned and figured by Parkinson

Procumbent

like the

common

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
3. H. ERECTUM,
This species has the largest flowers of any of the genus.

41

Lin.

Its capsules are not jointed,

and instead of hanging

It is a native of the

down, they stand

erect.

The plant

itself

grows rather higher than the other kinds.

Crimea, spreading across Asia to the mountains of China.

GENUS
CORYDALIS,
Dec.

II.

THE CORYDALIS.

Lin. Syst.

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.
Silique two-valved, compregsed^ many-seeded.

Generic Character.

Petals four

one of which

is

furred at the base.

(G. DonJ)

Deschiption, &c.
of
its

This genus has been divided from the genus Fumaria (the common Fumitory), on account
when
ripe, into

capsule opening

two

valves,

and containing many seeds

of Corydalis
is

while the capsule of the Fumaria

does not open, and contains only one seed.

The name

derived from the Greek word korydaloi,

a lark, because the shape of the flower somewhat resembles that of the larkspur.

1. CORYDALIS GLAUCA, Pursk.

Synonymis.

THE GLAUCOUS-LEAVED CORYDALIS.

I

Fumaria
Bot.

semperrirens, Lin.

F. glauca,

Curt.

Specific Character.

Stem

erect,

branched. Leaves bipinnale,

Corydalis serapervirens, Pers.

glaucous; pinnulee somewhat ptnnatifid.

/;. 6, in Plate 3,

Segments

staliced,

cr-

Enouavincs.

Reg.

t.

179; and our

vated,

trifid.

Bracteas oblong, acute, shorter than the pedicels.

under the name of Fumaria glauca.

Capsules linear.

(G. Don.)
and
little

Description,
flowers.

&c

A low
of

plant, with very small glaucous, or bluish green leaves,

pink and yellow

The seed pods

are rather long,

and

so very slender, that they look

more

like long

stamens than seed

far asunder,

pods.

The manner

growth

of the plant, from its very small leaves,

which are few and

and

its

small, oddly-shaped flowers,

which are huddled together

at the extremity of the shoots, render it far

its

from orna-

mental
it

yet

it is

frequently found in flower-gardens from

it is

seeding freely, and sowing

itself.

Indeed, where

has been once sown,

It

not easily got rid

of.

It

is

a native of rocks in

Canada, and of the Alleghany moun-

tains.

was introduced

in 1683,

and

its

seeds

may

be had in most of the seed-shops.

2.-C0RYDALIS CLAVICULATA,
Synonyme
Fumaria
claviculata,

Dec.

THE WHITE CLIMBING CORYDALIS.

Engravings

Lin.

Eng. Bot.

t.

103

2nd

edit. vol. vi. t.

986.

Description,
flowers.
soil
;

&c. A

pretty

little

climbing plant with very slender stems, and small white or pale yellow
it is

It is a native of Britain,
its

where

very

common

in

woods and

in

shady places, in a sandy or gravelly

it is

but where, from

very slender feeble stems and inconspicuous flowers,

seldom noticed, except by

trellis, it

botanists.

Sown

in a garden,

and

its

slender stems and branching tendrils trained

up a

makes

a very

42
pretty object, from
its

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

feathery lightness and gracefully drooping habit of growth.
it

We

do not
in the

know wLethnr
woods
of

any seedsman has thought

worth while to gather the seeds

for sale,

but

it is

very

common

somn

parts of Sussex, and, in short, wherever the soil is sandy or gravelly.

OTHER SPECIES OF THE SUB-ORDER FUMARIE^.

There are several kinds of annual Corydalis which are said to have been introduced, but which, from their
flowers possessing but
tiens,
little

beauty, have not been

much

cultivated.

The most remarkable

which burst and

of these

is

C. impaare

Fisch, a native of the Crimea, with yellow flowers, and capsules

roll

up when they

touched, like those of the Noli

me

tartffere.

All the kinds of Corydalis require a light

soil,

and should be sown

where they are to remain.

FUMARIA,
Of the
different

Lin.
is is

annual kinds of Fumaria, the handsomest

F.
officinalis,

F. capreolata, the flowers of which are white

that
little

tipped with dark purple.

fields.

the

common

fumitory,

pale red flower so

common

in corn

An

infusion of its leaves

was formerly thought an admirable

cosmetic,

and

their expressed juice

in constant use,

was
even

taken twice a day in whey as " a sweetener of the blood."

in medical books fifty or a hundred years ago) means,
is

What

this phrase

(which was

not exactly

known

but as the leaves of the fumitory

;

are excessively bitter, they probably act as a tonic.

F. Valllunti and F. densijlora have dark purple flowers

and F. leucantha white

place for sowing

ones.
is

They

are all weedy-looking plants,

and scarcely worth

cultivating.

The

best

them

under a hedge, where they will climb up among the branches, and their flowers only

being seen wiU look tolerably well.

Some

of the kinds are very suitable for rock work.

The name

of

Fumaria

alludes to the disagreeable smell of the plants,

which resembles that of smoke.

DISCOCAPNOS MUNDTII,
only
differs

Schlec.

MUNDT'S DISCOCAPNOS,
The
leaves are of a bluisb

from Fumaria in the

finiit

being membranous, and girded with a wing.

green, and furnished with tendrils are red.

and the flowers, which are in racemes of from

five to eight flowers each,

CYSTICAPNOS AFRICANA,
is

G<Krt.

THE BLADDER FUMITORY,

with small white flowers tipped with red.
It takes its

a native of the Cape of

Good Hope.

It is a slender climbing plant,

it

It

was introduced in 1696, but we do not know where

which are bladdery, and contain many
seeds.

is

now

to be procured.

name from

its

capsules,

DIELYTRA SCANDENS,
is

D. Don.
flowers,

THE CLIMBING DIELYTRA,

which are yellow tinged with brown,
;

a climbing annual, a native of Nepaul.

The

differ

from those

of the Fumaria in having

two

horns.

This plant has not yet been introduced

but from the descriptions which

have been given of

it, it

appears well deserving of cultivation.

OF OllNAMENTAL ANNUALS,

CHAPTER

IV,

UMBELLIFER^.
Essential CHflRArxnit.

Flowers usually disposed

in umbels.

Calyx

superior.

always l-seeded.

Stems usually hollow.

Disk cpigynous, very thick, {LindL)

two

oj

more

pieces.

Carpel

GENUS
DIDISCUS,
Lin.
Sijst.

I.

Dec.

THE DIDISCUS.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Dec.

]. DIDISCUS C^RULEUS,
Geneiuo Chaiiacter.
Mciicai-ps rough

THE AZURE DIDISCUS.

Engbatings.

Margin
Don.)

of

tlie

calyx obsolete.

Petals oval,

Bot.

Mag.

t.

287-5

Bot. Reg.

t.

1225

ar.d

onr

bluntlsli, imbiicate in aistivation.

Fruit didymous, cniarginate at the

strigae,

Ju). 3, ia plate 7.

base.

from pilose

5-ribbcd, two middle ribs

Specific

Character.

Plant
;

hairy;

leaves

petiolate,

3-parted;
;

upproximating the commissure.

concrete at the base.

Involucriim of

many

leaves, wliicli are

having the partitions 2.3-cleft, and the lobes 2-3-toothed

simple, on long peduncles

umbels

SvNoNYMEs

(G.

involucrum of many leaves, when young

Trachymene

cyanaea,

Cunn.; T.

cserulea,

Graham

reflexed

(G. Don.)

Hilgclia cyan<sa,

Rehb.

Description, &c.
the flowers drop, the

A very
It

beautiful half-hardy annual, with azure blue flowers, produced in umbels.

"When

little

stalks on

which they grew twist inwards and enclose the seed as

tall.

in a cage.

Tlie leaves

are lobod and large, and the stem erect and rather

This beautiful plant

is

a native of

New

Holland, and

was introduced

in 1827.

was

first

raised in

England

in the Horticultural Society's Garden, from seeds sent

home from Sydney by Mr. Charles

its

Frazcr.

It is frequently called
for 1829.

Trachymene
In the

caerulea in the seed-shops,

from

having been thus designated in the Botanical Register

it

first

volume of the Ladies' Botany,

It

however, published in 1834, Dr. Lindley has called

Didiscus casrulea (p. 32).

must be cultivated

as a half-

hardy annual
will flower in

and

if

the seeds are sown in a hotbed in March, they will be ready for planting out in June, and
in

August or September, and continue beautifully

bloom

till

November, or

till

they are killed by

the frost.

" If sown in August, the plants should be potted in small pots in October, and kept rather dry than

otherwise during the winter.

in a frame or greenhouse, as their flowers are

Thus

treated,

and removed into larger pots in spring, they will flower beautifully
These plants should never be headed down,

and much better than in the open ground.

produced at the extremity of the main stem and branches."

Z).

B.

If kept in the green;

house, and constantly changed into larger pots as they grow, they will become very fine, and flower beautifully

and our drawing was made from a plant

in this

in the nursery of Messrs.

fine

Osbom

at

Fulham, which had been treated

manner j but we have

since seen

some equally

specimens growing in the open air.

G 2

44

THE

LADIES'

FLOWEB GARDEN.

CHAPTER

V.

FRANCOACEiE.
Essential Character.

Calyx deeply

4-cleft.

Petals 4, insei-ted
as

4.Iobed, sessile; capsule membranous, 4-valved, with a loculicidal or

septicidal dehiscence.

near the base of the calyx.

Stamens sub-hypognyous, four times

numerous
with
four

as the petals,
cells,

alternately rudimentary.

Ovary
numerous

superior,
;

in the base, of fleshy albumen.

Seeds numerous, minute, with a minute embryo (Lindl.)

opposite

the

petals

ovules

stigma

GENUS

I.

FRANCOA,
Lin. Syat.

Cav.

THE FRANCOA.

OCTANDEIA TETRAGYNIA.
distinct

Generic CHAaicmi.

Calyx

4-parted.

Petals 4.

Stamens

16, 8 of which are fertile

anthers 2-celled.

Stigma 4-lobed.

Capsule tetragonal, 4-celled,

(G.

Don.)

Desckiption, &c.

All the kinds

of Francoa are, properly speaking, perennials, but treated as the

;

Hunne-

mania, they make beautiful half-hardy annuals

and they

are

more

useful in this

way

than in any other,

because, as perennials, they are too tender to live tlirough the winter in the open air without protection,

and of

course occasion considerable trouble and expense.

Besides

this, it

has been found that they can only be propa-

gated by seeds.

1.- FRANCOA
Engravings
Gard. 2dSer.

APPENDICULATA,
t.

Cav.
secund

THE COMMON FRANCOA.

;

Bot. Mag.
;

t.

3178

Bot. Reg.

164S

Brit.

Flow.

calycine segments lanceolate, acute

lobes of stigma curvated

and our/<;. 2 in Plate 7. Specific CHARACTEa. Stemless leaves petiolate

t.

151

emarginate.
;

(G. Don.)
called,

racemes loose,

Description, &c.
firom a

The
is

plant

is

without a stem, properly so

but

it

sends

up

its

long flower-scapes

mass of large deep green

leaves,

shaped like those of the turnip.

The flower stems

or scapes rise nearly

two

feet high,

and terminate in a spike of pale pink flowers, beautifully marked with spots of a deeper pink in
a native of the island of San Carlos de Chiloe, in South

the middle.

This plant

America ; and

it

was

intro-

duced in 1830, by Mr. Anderson,

coasts of

who accompanied Captain King,

before discovered
of
it

as botanist, in his expedition to survey the

South America.

The plant had been

it

by Don Luis Nee,

naturalist to the Spanish

expedition under Masalpina, and

It flowered for the first time in

was from dried specimens

that Cavaniles founded the genus Francoa.

It is properly a perennial, but
if

England in Mr. Low's nursery

it

at Clapton.

cultivated as directed for the

for seed,

Hunnemania,

will

make

a beautiful border annual.

;

When

plants are reserved

fine or so highly

they should be kept in pots in a frame or greenhouse

but the flowers are never so

air.

coloured on plants

grown in

pots, as

on plants in a

warm

border in the open

Seeds

may

be had at

Charlwood's.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

45

2.FRANCOA SONCHIFOLIA,
ENGRiTiNGs
169
;

Cav.

THE SOWTHISTLE-LEAVED FRANCOA.

t.

Bot. Mag.
1, in

t.

3309;

Brit.

Flow. Gard. 2nd Ser.

loose,

nodding

calycine segments dilated

petals with involute

mat-

and

am fig.

Plate 7.

gina

stigmas elliptic, entire.

Specific CHAaicTEa.

Plant

(G. Don.)
up

caulescent

leaves sessile

racemes

Description, &c.
its

This
is

plant rises with a stem covered with leaves about a foot high, and then sends

flower-scape which throws out

many

branches.

The
j

flowers are small and of a dark purple.

its

Altogether
it

this

kind of Francoa

not so handsome as the other

It

and

large leaves hanging

down from

the stem give

an untidy appearance.

was

raised from seeds

collected near the city of Conception, in Chile,

and brought

home by Mr. Anderson

Dr. Lindley, and
Sii

in 1830.
J.

It flowered for the first time in England, in the Chelsea Botanic Garden.
this

W.
;

Hooker, consider

kind as only a variety of F. appendkulata.

at Charlwood's.

The

culture is the

same as of that plant

and seeds are to be procured

3. FRANCOA RAMOSA, D. Don.

Engiuviiiq.

THE BRANCHED, OR WHITE- FLOWERED FRANCOA.

I

Brit.

Flow. Gard. 2d Ser.

t.
;

223.
leaves petiolate
;

spirate, erect; calycine

segments lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless; lobes

Specific CuiRACTER.

Plant caulescent

racemes

of stigma curvated.

(Z).

Don.)

Description, &c.

Tliis species of

Francoa

is

so different from the others, as scarcely to be recognised

by a

general observer as belonging to the

same genus.

The stem

is

erect

and branched

the leaves are small and of a

pale green.
spikes.

The

flowers are white, with small round petals, and they form loosely-branched racemes rather than
first

This plant was

but
it

discovered near San Jago in Chile, and described from dried specimens
hills

by

Professor

Don

was afterwards found on the

to

near Valparaiso, where seeds were collected by Mr.

It flowered for the first time in

Hugh

Cumming, and brought

England by him

in 1831.

England

in

Mr. Knight's

exotic nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, having been

grown in a mixture of sandy peat and loam.

All the Francoa*

require light dry soil

and

if

grown

in pots, to

have abundant drainage.

We

suppose seeds

may

be obtained

from Mr. Knight, but we have not seen the name of the plant in any seed catalogues.

CHAPTER

VI.

ONAGRACE^.
EisKNTiAL

CHAmcTEK

Calyx

superior, tubular, 4-cIeft

petals

2 or

4, convolute in sestivation.

Stamens

2, 4, or 8, perigynous.

Fruit bacrate

or capsular,

G. Don.)

Description, &c.
cularly splendid.
It

All the
may

species belonging to this order are ornamental,

and the annual kinds are

parti-

appear strange to those

who

are not acquainted with botany, to find that the evening

is

primrose and the Clarkia belong to the same natural order as the Fuchsia ; yet such
resemble each other in a botanical point of view.

the case, as they

of this order,

all

As some

of the popular distinctive

marks

we

45

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

flower, and the position of the capsule, which, being below the calyx, looks like the foot-stalk of the

may mention

that all the parts of the flowers are in oven

numbers such

as twice two, or twice four.

For example,

in the

genus CEnothera there are four sepals, four petals, and eight stamens.
Btigma four-lobed.
Tliis constant

The

capsule

is

also four-celled,

and the

adherence to even numbers

is

peculiar to the Onagracca.

GENUS

I.

CENOTHERA,

Lin.

THE (ENOTHERA, OR THE EVENING PRIMROSE.

Lin. Syst.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Capsule oblong-linear, bluntly tetragonal or clavatc, 4-cclIoJ.
Seeds naked.

0ireRic CiiAiiACTEii.

Limb of civlyx

4-partcd.

Pctcils 4.

(G. Von.)

Description, &c.

The

beautiful plants

which used formerly

to

compose the genus CEnothera, have lately

less

been divided by M. E. Spach, a German botanist residing in Paris, into no

des Scietices Naturelles.
slight distinctions, that

than fourteen genera (see Annales

Botanique, 2d

Ser.

tom.

iv. p.

161)

but

many

of these genera are founded on such very

they have not been adopted by

botanists in general.

Godetia

is

the only one of

M.

Spacli's

f onera which has been adopted by Dr. Lindley, and

they
all

it

includes all the purple

and lilac-flowered CEnotheras, as

have a part of their seeds bordered by a feathery margin, so small however as to be quite imperceptible
Spach's genus

without a very powerful microscope, as the seeds themselves are not larger than grains of sand.
Boisduvalia has also been adopted

by some

botanists

it

contains
is,

two

species,

CEnothera

dcnsiflora, Lindl.,

and

CEnothera concinna, D.
shorter than the others.

Don ; and

the distinctive

mark

that the four stamens opposite the petals are

much

Dr. Lindley, however, rejects this genus.

"We have entered more at length into these

botanical distinctions than

we

should otherwise have done, because the

name

of Godetia has been generally

adopted for the three

all still called

new

lilac-flowered specimens introduced in 1835, while the other purple

and

lilac

kinds are

in the seed-shops
t.

by

their original

name

of CEnothera.

For

this reason,

and because Dr. Lindley

states {Bot. Reg.

1829), that he considers the purple-flowered kinds distinct, and that they will not

mix with
species

the true yellow-flowered evening primroses,

we

shall follow

him

in calling the purple

and lilac-flowered

Godetia, and arranging

all

the other kinds under the general

name

of CEnothera.

The name
species),

of evening primrose
first

was given

to the CEnotheras because CE. biennis (a yellow-flowered biennial

its

which was the

till

introduced from America, has the habit of closing

is

flowers during sunshine, and

not opening them

evening, or during cloudy weather, and this

is

the case with several other species.

signifying

The

name
to

of CEnothera (which

said to be derived from

;

two Greek words, was

first

wine inducer)
roots

is also

supposed

be taken from CEnothera biennis

as,

when

that plant

introduced,
is

its

were eaten

like olives,

to give a relish to wine.

CE. biennis, in the old catalogues of plants,

called the tree primrose of Virginia.

iri'i

^i^Nb

w*

.^^.,.

^^-^.^^^,,,y^...t

-^^^

^_^.^
z^/f'T-a. .d^'^rte^.e
-tt/ji^-c

a^/^

C&^t'f^fpf-A

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

47

FLOWERS WHITE.
1.OiNOTHERA TETRAPTERA,
Synonvme. Hartmaunia
Engravings. Bot. Mag.
pinnatlfid,

Cav.

THE WHITE-FLOWERED EVENING PRIMROSE.

calyx almost wanting.
Petals obcordate, entire.

macrantha, Spaoh. 468, and omjiff.

7, in Plate 8.

Stamens and fJstU

Capsule

t.

shorter than

tlie corolla.

Anthers and stigma narrow and long.

Specific Chabicter. Stem branched, pilose.

or toothed,

Leaves lanceolate,
;

obovate, 4-winged, ribbed, pilose, tapering into a pedicel at the base.

somewhat

ciliated,

hardly pctiolate

tube of

Seeds ovate, acute, smooth, pale.

(G. Don.)
having distinctly four wings

Description, &c.

The plant

is

of a compact habit of growth,

and

it is

beautiful from its large sweet-scented

;

white flowers, which change to pink as they fade.

Its capsules are very curious,

and

its

leaves are also remarkable from

their pinkish tinge.

There are so very few annual white evening primroses,

Mexico, and was
first

that this species deserves to be in every garden.

It is a native of

raised in the

Cambridge
It
is

Botanic Garden, from seeds sent, in 1796, to the Marchioness of Bute, by Professor Ortega, of Madrid.
quite hardy, and
it

may

be sown in the open border as directed for Flos Adonis, in March or April,
or July.
If treated as a tender annual,

in

which case

will flower in

June

and raised

in pots It
is

on a hotbed,

in the

same
its

months, its flowers will be

much

larger

and

finer after it

is

planted out.

a true evening primrose,

flowers never expanding in the sunshine, but generally opening about six o'clock in the evening, and fading
before morning.
It flowers abundantly,

and

will continue producing a succession of blossoms during the

whole

summer.

Seeds

may

be had at Charlwood's, or any seed-shop.

2.CENOTHERA PURSHII, G. Don.

Synonymes. 05.
Anogra
pinnatifida,
albicaulis,

PURSH'S EVENING PRIMROSE.

divaricate segments.

Pursh

CE.

pinnatiftda,

Nutt.;

Nerves of leaves white,

of spike.

lilce

the stem.

Flowers

Spach.

few, disposed in a kind

Petals obcordate, white, large,

Specific Character.
cal

Pubescent.

Stem decumbent, white

radi-

longer than

the stamens.

Style filiform.

Ovaries

sessile, prismatic,

leaves nearly entire, cauline ones pinnatlfid, with linear, acute,

furrowed.

(G. Don.)
leaves.

Description, &c.
white, and

trailing species,

with white stems and pinnatlfid

It
is

The

flowers are large and

they are disposed in a kind of spike.

a native of North America, on the plains of the Missouri.

It is said to

have been introduced in 1811, but

we have

never seen

it,

and do not know where seeds of

it

are

to be procured.
latifolia,

There are two other kinds of annual white evening primrose, one a native of Mexico, CEnothera
et Sees. ;

Moc.

and the other CE, Boothii,

Douffl.,

a native of California

but they have not yet been

introduced.

FLOWERS YELLOW.
3. (ENOTHERA
Synonvme.

CHEIRANTHIFOLIA,
Spach.
6, in

Horn.

THE STOCK-LEAVED (ENOTHERA.

or
stalked,

Holoatigraa cheiranthifolium,

sessile

sometimes oblong, sometimes ovate, and rather

Flowers
solitary, axillary, a little longer

Engravings.

Bot, Reg.

t.

1040, and our Jig.

Plate 8.

cordate, all obtuse.

than the
a
littlo

Spfcific Character.

Stem

decumbent, round, red, hairy, and

;

leaves, bright

yellow becoming tawny.

Sepals villous.

Ovarium
capitate.

subulate,

branched.
ipatnlate,

Leaves glaucous, pubescent, of several shapes

the lower

bowedj

villous.

Stigma

{Lindl.)

on long

stalks, distant, the

upper close together, somewhat

Description, &c.

A very

pretty and perfectly hardy species, " distinguished

by

its trailing habit,

bright

red stems, yory glaucous leaves, and bright lively yellow flowers."

{Bot Reg.

t.

1040.)

native of Chili, from

48
which country
seeds
it

THE
was
first

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
at the Botanic Garden, Berlin, from

sent to

Denmark, and thence to M. Otto,

in 1825.

whom

were received by the London Horticultural Society

It flowered in the Horticultural Society's

Garden the following year, producing an uninterrupted succession of blossoms from July, till destroyed by frost. We do not know where seeds are to be procured, as it has been lost by the Horticultural Society ; but seedsmen
might
easily obtain

them from

Berlin.

It should be raised in pots on a hotbed,

and planted out in May, without

while they were in the pots. breaking the balls of earth that had formed round the roots

4.(ENOTHERA DRUMMONDII, Hook.

ENGRAviNoa
whole
Bot. Mag.
t.

MR. DRUMMOND'S EVENING PRIMROSE.

elliptic,

3361, and

om fig.

9, in Plate 8.

somewhat obtuse, and

slightly sinuately-toothed,

attenuated

Specific Ciiaricter
as
is tlic

Stem branched,

succulent, soft with down,

towards the petiole.

Flowers axillary, petals large and yellow. Capsule and pubescent, with
hairs.

foliage.

Stamens rather declining.

Leaves oblong,

(immature)

cylindrical, striped,

{Hook.)

Description, &c.

This very
;

beautiful species has large yellow flowers,

It

and bluish-green

leaves.

When

the

flowers fade, they assume a rich orange colour.

was found by Drummond in Texas, near the mouth

it

of the

River Brazos, in 1833

the open border.
Sir

and was sent by him to the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where

J.

flowered abundantly in

W.

Hooker

calls it

perennial, or sufiruticose

but some seeds which

we had from Mr.

Charlwood, and which were sown in a

warm

border at Bayswater, in

May

1838, produced their splendid large

yellow flowers in the August and September following.

did not ripen
;

The
if

flowers, however,

were not numerous, and the seeds

so the plant

would probably succeed best

treated as a tender annual, and

sown

in pots

on a hotthe

bed

in

March

or April, and planted out, without breaking the balls, in

size

May.

Even

in the

way we grew

plants, they

were well deserving of cultivation, from the

and rich colour

of their flowers.

6. (ENOTHERA SINUATA, Michx.

Emoratihgs.
Specific Ch4ractkr.
cence.

THE SCALLOP-LEAVED EVENING PRIMROSE.

Sepals unguiculate towards the apex. Capsules cylindrically tetragonal,

Bot. Mag. 3392 and out Plant decumbent, clothed

t.
;

fig. 2, in Plate 8.

with

soft

pubes-

somewhat incurved,

pilose, length of the bracteas.

(G. Don.)

Leaves lanceolate, sinuately-toothed or cut.

Flowers small.

Description, &c.

A decumbent
The
is

plant, with stems one foot or

two

feet long,

and much branched ; they are

round, covered with pubescence, and often tinged with purple.

give rise to the name.
hairy.

The

leaves are large, and so deeply cut as to

long, four-sided, and
It

flowers are rather small

and cup-shaped ; the capsules are

This species

said, in the

Hortus Kewensis, to have been introduced in 1770, by M. Richard.

;

appears, however, to have been neglected, and probably lost

and

it

was re-introduced
it

in

1833 by Drummond,

who

sent seeds of

it

from Texas to the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where

is

flowered in the open border in

September, 1834.

CE. minima, Pursh,

a variety of this species.

Seeds of both kinds are to be obtained at

Charlwood's

and should be sown in the open border, in March or April.

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

49

CCENOTHERA DENTATA,
Synonymes.
Specific

Cav.

THE TOOTHED-LEAVED (ENOTHERA.

Holostigma heterophylliim, Spach,
Capsule cylindrical, veiy narrow.

(E. ChamisBonis, Link,

CniniCTER

Leaves

linear, denticulated, glabrous.

G. Don.)

Description, &c.

A prostrate

species,

with rather large yellow flowers, a native of Chili and Peru, intro-

duced in 1818.

We have

never seen the plant, and do not

know where

it is

to be procured.

7.(ENOTHERA HIRTA,
Stnonybies
I

Link.

THE HAIRY (ENOTHERA.

ceolate,

(E.

micrantha,

Horn.

Holostigma

micranthum,

denticulated.

Flowers

sessile,

minute.

Capsules curved,

Spack.
SpEciyic Chahactek.

round.

Hairy.

(G. Don.)
and round, curved
capsules.

Stem branched,

erect.

Leaves Ian-

Description, &c.

A low, hairy

plant, with small yellow flowers,

A native

of

California, introduced in 1823.

Seeds

may be

had, under the

name

of (E. micrantha, at Charlwood's.

8. (ENOTHERA SALICIFOLIA,
Synonyues.
Variety.
Specific

Desf.
Hart.

THE WILLOW-LEAVED EVENING PRIMROSE.

Berol.
lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, rather pilose, thickish.
pistil

(E.

elata,

Kunth.

(E.

crassipes,

Stamens and

Onagra Knntliiana, Spach.

equal in length to the corolla.

Lobes of stigma oblong-linear,

Valves linear, with red

CE.

2 undulata, Hort.
tall,

CE. odorata, var. Hort.

simple, angular.

large, thickish.

Capsule oblong, tetragonal.

Character. Stem

Leaves oblong-

nerves.

(G. Don.)
two
feet or three feet, or

Description, &c.
pale, yellow flowers.

A
The

tall,

handsome

species,

growing

to the height of
;

more, with

leaves are long,

and somewhat fleshy

This species

and

the capsules,

which are four-winged, are

ornamental, from their valves having red nerves.

1824.
if

is

a native of Mexico, and was introduced in

Seeds

may

be procured at Mr. Charlwood's, and they should be sown on a slight hotbed, in September,

they are wanted to flower in June.

They may

also

be sown in the open ground in May, in which case they

is tall,

will not flower before

August or September.

This kind of (Enothera

and rather untidy in

its

habits of
at top,

growth

there should therefore be tluree stakes forming a triangle at the bottom,

tie

and fastened together

put over each patch, to

flowers expand only

the plants

to.

This

may

be considered as a true Evening Primrose, as the

Its leaves are

at night,

and

slurivel

up before morning.
and the three

much

thicker and

more

fleshy than biennials

those of any of the other kinds.

in botanical works, but

(E. salici/olia,

folio wings pecies, are

frequently

marked as

they

may

be grown as annuals.

9.OENOTHERA
Synonymes.
Desf.

GRANDIFLORA,
grandiflora, Lindl.

Ait.

THE LARGE-FLOWERED EVENING PRIMROSE.

I

CE.

biennis,

wr.

(E. suaveolens,

Specific Character.

Pubescent.
Don.)

Stem

simple.

Leaves lanceolate,
Capsule

Onagra

vulgaris, var.
t.

Spach.

remotely toothed. Stamens deflexed. Bot. Reg.

1.

Petals lai^, obcordate.

Engratinos. -Bot. Mag.

2068

1604.

sessile,

cylindrical. (G.

Description, &c.

plant,

growing about two

feet high,
is

with large, bright, yellow, solitary flowers, which

spring from the axils of the leaves.

This species, which

a native of North America, introduced in 1778,

must

50

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

not be confounded with the (E. grandiflora of Ruiz and Pavon, a South American perennial species, with very
large white flowers,

and which has been

since called CE. taraxadfolia.

Seeds of the yellow (E. grandiflora

may

be procured at Charlwood's.
if

The

seeds should be

sown

in

autumn

as soon as they are ripe in the open ground,

in the open

the plants are wished to flower in June.

If the seeds are not

sown

ground

till

March

or April, the

plants will not flower before

August or September.
to

The

best

way

of obtaining fine plants

when

the sowing has

been neglected
in

till

spring,

is

sow the seeds

in pots in a hotbed in

March

or April,

and to turn the plants out

May, taking

care, in transplanting

them, not to break the ball of earth round the roots.

10. (ENOTHERA MOLLISSIMA, Lin.

Synonyme.

THE SOFTEST EVENING PRIMROSE.

length of the petals.

05. noctuma,

Willd.

Lobes of stigma,

filiform.

Capsule cylindrical,
little

Specific Character.

Stem branched.

Leaves lanceolate,

ft

little

striated,

very long, downy, somewhat tetragonal, a

thiclicned st

undulated, repandly-toothed, and clothed with soft down.

obovate, entire, shorter tlian the calyx.

Petals

the

apex. (G. Don.)

Stamens and

pistil

hardly the

Description, &c.
its

^This species strongly resembles the

common

biennial

Evening Primrose ((E.

biennis) in

habit of growth.
is

Its flowers are

yellow

when they

first

expand, but they change to red as they fade.

it

The

plant

a native of Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, and Chili, where Seeds

grows wild

in the fields.

It

was introduced

in 1732.

may

be had in any seed-shop.

11. (ENOTHERA LINEARIS, Michx.

Sracinc Chaiucter.

THE LINEAR-LEAVED EVENING PRIMROSE.

Capsules on longish
stripes,

Plaut

slender, pubescent.

Leaves

linear, entire.

roundish, tetragonal, villous.

'(G. Don.)
and yellow

Description, &c.
flowers.

A native

of

Upper

Carolina, growing a foot high, with very

narrow

leaves,

Introduced in 1822.

Seeds

may

be had at Charlwood's.

12. OENOTHERA TRILOBA, Nutt.

Synonymes.
Spach.

THE THREE-LOBBD EVENING PRIMROSE.

toothed, glabrous.

(E. rhizocarpa,

Spreng.

Lavauxia Nuttalliana,

Petals obovate, slightly 3-lobed at the apex, the

middle lobe mucronate.

Capsules almost 4-winged, large,

sessile at

the

EnsRAvmo.
Specific

Bot. Mag. 2566. Character. Stemless.

t.

root. (G. Don.)

Leaves interruptedly pinnatlBd,

Description, &c.

The flowers

are of a pale yellow,

and are very sweet-scented in the evening.

for springing

They

are

remarkable for the length of the tube of the calyx, which often exceeds two inches, and
root ; they are at
first

from the

produced without any footstalk, and growing to the crown of the root, but under cultiva-

tion, after the flowers

have dropped, stems bearing the capsules

rise

about two inches.

Dr. Sims, in the Botanical

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
Magazine,
calls this species the

51

Dandelion-leaved Evening Primrose, from the leaves resembling those of the

since given to another species.

Dandelion, but this

species

name has been

The

leaves

aU spring from the

root.

This

was

first

discovered in 1819 in the arid prairies of the

it,

Red

River, in North America,

by Professor
it

Nuttall,

who gave
in

seeds of

with the name attached, to Robert Barclay, Esq., Bury Hill, in whose collection
Tlie

flowered

September 1824.

name

of triloba alludes to the petals,

which are

slightly three-lobed.

We do not know

where seeds are

to be procured of this very singular species.

FLOWERS REDDISH.
13. (ENOTHERA
SvHOKYMK.
Specific
Unceolatc,
Douglasii,

DENSIFLORA,

Lindl.

THE CLOSE- FLOWEflED (ENOTHERA.

of flowers, risiug from the axils of the leaves.

Engkavino.

Spach, Boisduvalia Bot. Reg. 1593. Character. The whole plant woolly.
t.

Ovary

cylindrical, with

very short bracteas.

Sepals sub-coloured,

smooth within.
;

Petals

Leaves linear-

bilobed, obtuse.

Stamens

four, shorter ones fertile

four longer ones

sessile,

acuminate, toothed.

Branchlets with small corymbs

often sterile.

(Lindl.)

Desceiption, &c.

^This
its

very remarkable plant bears but

singularity to

little

resemblance to the other kinds of (Enothera,

of
its

and certainly

it

has only

recommend

it.

The colour

flowers

is

a reddish-lilac, or rather

dirty rose-colour, and they are so small that they are almost hidden

by the

leaves.

" Its peculiar habit," says

Dr. Lindley, "

arises

from each of the axillary buds of the main stem, which usually produce a single flower,
itself

being developed into a short branch, that

It is a native of

bears flowers in the axilla of

its

leaves."

{Bot. Reg.
.

t.

1593.)

New

California,

from which country seeds were sent by Douglas in 1831

It

It ripens seeds

abundantly, and they

may

be purchased at Charlwood's, and in most other seed-shops.

its cultivation.

is

quite hardy, and

requires no particular care in

14. (ENOTHERA HUMIFUSA, Nutt.

Synohymes.

THE TRAILING EVENING PRIMROSE.

oval at the base, sharply pointed, toothed.

CE. concinna, D. Don.

Boisduvalia concinna, Spach.

5, in Plate 8
;

Flower-spikes terminal, and

slender,

Engravings.

Bot. Reg.
Series,
t.

t.

1829, and our Jig.

Brit.

surrounded with leaves.

as the ovary.

Calyx of the tube

and twice as long

Lobes
{Lindl.)

Flow. Gard. 2nd

183 ;and out Jig. 11,

hairs.

in Plate 8.
prostrate.

Petals bilobed, veined, longer than the stamens.

Sfecific Cbaaacter.

Clothed with

Stem

Leaves

of the stigmas forming a small cross.

Capsules prismatic.

Description, &c.
flesh-coloured

A pretty
to

little

hardy annual with

trailing stems,

and small hairy

leaves.

Its flowers are

when exposed

much
The

light,

but in the shade they become of a beautiful pink.

The tube of the

flower

is

of a deep rose-colour.

species is a native of

North America, and was

CE. concinna,

discovered

by Dr. Baldwin

on the sea coast near Cumberland,

British Flower Garden,
as Professor
is

in Florida.

Introduced in 1824.
;

D. Don,

figured in Sweets
difi'erent,

supposed to be the same species

but as the two figures are somewhat

and

Don

states that the plant which his figure was taken from, was raised from seeds brought from Chili

by Mr. Hugh Cuming, we

Catalogue.

have copied both figures in our Plate 8.

Both names

are in Charlwood's Seed

H 2

52

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS
GODETIA,
Spack.

II.

THE GODETIA.

Lin. Syst.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Placenta persistent.

Genuuc CHUikCTKB.

Limb

of the calyx refloxcd.

Capsule opening at the angles.

Stamens

all alike.

Chalaza of the

seed crowned round the margin by a fringe,

{Spach.)

Description, &c.

This new genus,

as

we have

already observed,

we have

followed Dr. Lindley in adopting.

It contains all the species with purple flowers,

which Dr. Lindley informs us will not mix with the yelloware indeed obviously distinct to the unbotanical observer,

flowered kinds so as to form hybrids.

The two kinds

not only from the difference in the colour of their flowers, but from the circumstance of the purple kinds not
closing

up

their petals in the sunshine,

is,

and thus

forfeiting all title to the

name

of

Evening Primrose.

The

botanical difference

as

we

before observed, so minute as to be only perceivable

by the

aid of a powerful

microscope.

1, GODETIA PURPUREA.
Synonymes.
Engraving.

THE PURPLE GODETIA.

crenulated.

CEnothera
t.

purpurea,

Curtis.

CE.

humilis,

Don.

Stamens and

pistil

exserted,

much

shorter than the corolla.

Godetia Willdenoviana, Spach.

Lobes of stigma thick, short, dark purple.

Qvate, triquetrous, sessile, angular, pilose.

Anthers yellow.

Capsule

Bot. Mag.

352.
glaucescent.

Seeds irregularly angular,

lens.

Specific Character.

Plant
;

Leaves lanceolate, attePetals obovate,

and covered with dots when examined with a

(G. Don.)

nuated at both ends, bluntish

tube of calyx short.

Description, &c.
green, and
its

This species grows to the height of

It is also
its

two

feet

its

leaves are of a very glaucous or bluish

its

flowers of a reddish purple. stigma.

It has

remarkable for the reddish hue of

stems,

and the very

dark purple of the lobes of

v7ere sent to

It is a native of the north-west coast of

North America, whence the seeds

is

Kew,

in 1791.

always been a favourite in our gardens, and

Its seeds are to

yet perhaps more

;

common

than any of the other purple-flowered kinds.

be procured in every seed-shop

and they should

be sown in March, April, or May, according to the time they are wanted to flower.

Perhaps the best time to

to the

sow them

is

in April, or the beginning of

May,

in

which case they

It

will flower in

June or July, according

warmth

of the season, or the nature of the situation.

may

be observed that, though seeds sown in March will

difference will not be equal to the difference

certainly be earlier in flower than those

in the time of sowing
earlier,
;

sown

in April or

May, the

that

is

to say, seeds

sown a month

earlier will not

soil,

be in flower more than a fortnight

not too rich
;

and in some cases not so much.

All the Godetias require a dry

and indeed the poorer

the

soil is,

the brighter will be the colours of the flowers

though
insects.

if it

he very poor, the foliage will not be good.

The

seeds

may be sown
;

in the

manner

directed for those of Flog Adonis, but not too thin, as

many of the

seeds are

always bad

and besides they are frequently destroyed by

When

they come up they should be thinned

;

out, so as to leave about five or six plants in every patch of six inches in diameter

and the plants taken out

may

be transplanted.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

53

2.GODETIA ROMANZOVII,
Synonyme.

Spach.

ROMANZOWS GODETIA.
Stamens much shorter than the
sessile, enclosed,

(Enothera Romanzovii, Ledebour.

Bot.
Reg.
t.

crenulated.
8,

corolla.

Anthers green.

Engravings.

562

and owe jig. 10, in Plate

Stigmas nearly
drical,

dark purple.

Capsule oblong-cylinscaly

Specific Character.
oblong, mucronate,
short.

Glaucous,

Stem

erect.

Leaves lanceolate-

tapering into the petiole.

Tube of calyx very

Petals broad-obovate.

somewhat tetragonal, pilose. Seeds hoary, and rather when examined with a lens. {D. Don.)

Limb

one-h.aIf shorter than the corolla.

Description, &c.
hue.
bla<;k.
it

The flowers
is

are small, but of a rich dark bluish colour

and the leaves are of a glaucous

The stigma

is

much

shorter than in

any of the other kinds, and of

so very dark a purple, as to look almost

;

The growth

of the plant

also rather different

from that of the other kinds

is

the stem

is

decumbent, but

has numerous "

it

soft, flexile,

ascending branches."

This species

a native of the north-west coast of North

America, where

was discovered by Chamisso, who found and named the Eschscholtzia, during the same voyage.
this

The

specific

name of

Godetia was given in honour of the Russian minister. Count Romanzow, at whose

expense the expedition under Captain Kotzebue, with which Chamisso sailed, was sent out.

The

seeds of the

Godetia Romanzovii were sent to Moscow

in 1817; S'ld soon afterwards some were forwarded to England, and

for the first

sown

in the Botanic Garden, Chelsea, in all the nurseries,

where the plant flowered

its

time in this country in 1820.

It
is

It

is

now common
requires the

and

seeds

may

be had in every seed-shop.

quite hardy, and only

same treatment

as G. purpurea.

3.GODETIA DECUMBENS,
Synonyme.
Specific

Spach.

THE DECUMBENT GODETIA.

lower ones broadly ovate
;

CE. decumbens, Doug,

Bot.

upper ones ovate-lanceolato.

Petals emar-

Enoratinos

Mag.

t.

2889

Bot. Reg.

t.

1221.
entire,

ginate, crenulated.

Stigmas purple, with reflexed segments.

Capsule

Character.

Leaves

glaucous,

quite

pubescent,

bluntly tetragonal, tapering from the base, villous.

G. Don.)

Description, &c.
is

This species has haiiy glaucous

all its allies
;

leaves,

and small purple flowers of no great beauty.

It

a native of California, and was introduced by Douglas in 1837.

difiier

To a

botanist

it

is

interesting, because its

stigmas

greatly in form firom

but

it is

scarcely

worth cultivating as an ornamental flower,

at

when

so

many much handsomer can

be procured.

Seeds

may

be had

Mr. Charlwood's

they should be sown,

and afterwards treated in the same manner as directed

for G.

purpurea.

4.GODETIA ROSEO-ALBA.
Stnonymes

THE ROSE AND WHITE GODETIA.

late, bluntish, slightly toothed,

G.liehTaasayiA, Spach.

(Enothera roseo-alba, Bern/.

glaucous.

Petals three times longer

undulatfely

CE. amana, Lehm.

than

the calyx, obovate, slightly

emarginate,

crenated,

Engravings

Brit.

Flow. Card.

t.

268

Specific Chajucteh.

Pubescent.

and out fig.

8, in Plate 8.

capsule cylindrically tetragonal.

Lobes of stigma semicylindrical.

Stem round.

Leaves lanceo.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

A very

beautiful species, with very delicate whitish petals deepening into rose at the base
It is
it

and each petal marked

in the centre with a rich reddish-purple blotch.

is

rather remarkable that the native

country of this beautiful plant

not

known

some botanists supposing

to

come from North America, and some

54
from Nepaul
India.
It
! !

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
no other species of the genus has ever been found in
it

Tlie latter appears very improbable, as to

was sent

England from Germany, in 1827 ; and

it is

appears most probable, as

Godetia bi/rons,

is

suggested in Sweets
called (Enothera

British Flower Garden, that

hifrons,
is

a hybrid, originated in Germany.

commonly

a hybrid raised in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, between G. roseo-alba, and G. Lindleyseeds of both G. roseo-alba and G. bi/rons are to be procured in every seed-shop
;

ana.

The

and the plants will

require the

same culture

as directed for G. purpurea.

Professor Don, in Sioeefs British Flower Garden, has

;

called another species OE. hi/rons,

but

it is

a biennial and has yellow flowers

and

besides,

we do

not

know where

seeds of

it

are to be

met with.

The

seeds

commonly

sold under the

name

of (E. bifrons, are those of Godetia

bi/rons, the

hybrid

we have

above mentioned.

6.GODETIA
Synonyme.

QUADRIVULNERA,

Spaeh.

THE FOUR-SPOTTED GODETIA.

Petals

Engraving.

CEuothera quadriTulnera, Dougl. Bot. Reg. 1119.

t.

Leaves linear-laDceolate, somewhat denticulated, puberulous.

with crenulated margins.
villous

Capsule tetragonal, attenuated at the apex,

Specific Character.

Stem declinate, branched, weak, puberulous.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
darker colour.

pretty

little

flower, of a pale lilac,

marked with

spots of a reddish lilac of a

much
North

The plant has

it

slender stems, and small leaves.

It is a native of the north-west coast of

America, where
growth,
it is

was found by Douglas growing on the banks of streams, in 1826.

it

From

its delicate

habit of

a very good kind for growing in a pot, as

will

become " a dense

tuft of stems, about six inches

high, which are almost covered with leaves, and elegant lilac flowers."

{Bot. Reg. II19.)

it

When sown

in the

open border,
thinning, as

it

may

be treated like G. purpurea, but from

its

low habit of growth

will not require

much

it

must be grown in masses to produce a proper

ground

effect.

This species does well sown in September,

either in pots in a slight hotbed, or in the open

to stand

through the winter and to flower early in spring.

6.GODETIA
Symonvme.

LINDLEY ANA,

Spach.

DR. LINDLEY'S GODETIA.

Capsules round, elongated,
Petals entire, two-coloured.

CEnothera

Lindleyii,
t.

Douglas.
Leaves

linear-laneeolato, quite entire, glabrous.

Engravings

Bot. Mag.

2832.
ascending,
diflfuse,

acute, larger than the leaves.

{Douglas.)

Specific Character.

Stem

branched.

Description, &c.

A very handsome

species of Godetia, very closely resembling G. quadrivrdnera, but

Its' capsule is also

with

larger flowers, and growing a foot or eighteen inches high.

its

smooth, instead of furrowed, and

it

leaves are on short footstalks.

in 1826,

It is a native of the north-west coast of

situation.
it

North America, where

if

was found

by Douglas

growing in a dry open

It is quite hardy,

and

the seeds (which are to be procured

in all the seed-shops) are

till

sown

in

March

or April,

will come into flower in June, and will continue flowering

it is

killed

by

frost.

As
the

it

requires a dry soil and an open situation,

not suitable for sowing in small close

;

gardens
is rich,

full of trees,

soil in

which

is

generally rich and damp.

It does best in a poor soil

as,

where the

soil

the colours become so faint as to

make

the flowers look almost like those of G. roseo-alba, or G. btfrons.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

55

7.GODETIA TENELLA,
Sykonyme.

SpacU.

THE DELICATE GODETIA.

the stamens, which are erect, hut

CEnotliera tenella,
t.

Cav,
Leaves
linear, spa-

much

shorter than the petals.

Seg-

Enoratistg. not. Mag.

Specific Character.

2424.
branched, erect.

ments of stigma narrow,

short.

Stem

Capsule furrowed, cylindrical, curved,

downy, longer than the

biactcas.

(G. Don.)
It seldom

lukte.

Petals obovate, rather retuse, violaceous.

Stjle longer than

Description, &c.

Rather

a pretty species, with glaucous leaves, and purple flowers.

grows
in
it

more than
1823.

six inches or eight inches high,

and

is

rather tender, being a native of Chili.

differs

It

was introduced

The kind

called in the seed-shops

CEnothera tenuifolia,
till

so very little from this species, that

appears only a variety.

injure the delicate

Both kinds should not be sown

plants.

the latter end of April or

May,

as cold winds
till

would
frost.

young

They

will begin to flower in July,

and will continue flowering

killed

by

8.GODETIA VIMINEA,
Synonyme.

Spach.

THE TWIGGY GODETIA.

rod-like branches.

Engraving.

CEnothera viminea. Bot. Mag. 2873. Specific Character. Stem

t.

Leaves lanceolate, glaucous,

entire.

Capsules cy.

lindrical, attenuated, furrowed, pubescent.

{Douglas.)

erect and glabrous, with long, slender.

Description, &c.

This

is

a very distinct

species.

It

grows three or four

feet high,

with a "

pale, almost

white, and polished" stem, and numerous long slender branches.

lilac, vfith

The
It

flowers are rather large, of a pale purple or

long yellow anthers, and a deep rich purple stigma.

was found by Douglas

in the Californian

prairies, flowering in

dry situations in April

but in the low moist meadows, near the

its

rivers, it

flowered
;

all

the

summer.

In the dry ground, the plant was comparatively small, but

it

flowers were highly coloured

and in
calls it

the low moist ground, the plant, though

had paler

flowers,

grew

so large

and strong, that Dr. Lindley

a sort of woody annual.

season.

It

was introduced
it

in 1826.

It is perfectly hardy,

and may be sown

in spring,
it

at almost

any

If

sown

in September,

will flower very early in spring,

soil, it

and

if

sown

will flower in about

two months

after sowing.

In rich

grows very large and strong, and requires abundance of room.

;

All these kinds of Godetia are generally called CEnotherat in the seed-shops
are the

but the common

specific

names
is

same as those here given.

AH

the purchaser has to do, therefore, in case of any difficulty occurring,

to change the

name

of Godetia into Oenothera,

when any

species is asked for.

9.GODETIA RUBICUNDA, LindU

Engravings
toothed, green.
colour.

THE RUDDY GODETIA.

the apex, where they are turned back.
sessile,

Bot. Reg.

t.

1856; and our Jig.

Leaves

3, in Plate 8.

red, but yellow at

pallid.

Stigmas

Specific Character.

Erect.

linear-lanceolate,

slightly

Capsules linear,
i^Lindl.)

truncated.

.Seeds

elongated

and

Petals roundish or wedge-shaped, un(hilate, of one

wedge-shaped.

Alternate stamens less than the others.

Anthers of a

fiery

Description, &c.
the handsomest of
all

A very showy

species,

with a branching stem, growing about two

are large, and of a glowing

feet high,

and perhaps

the kinds of Godetia.

The flowers

ruddy hue, deepening into

;

flame-colour in the centre.

large

The stamens

are also flame-colour, recurved and tipped with yellow

and the stigma

seeds

is

and nearly white.

This very handsome flower was introduced by Douglas,

who

sent

its

home from

California, in 1835.

It is quite hardy,

and though

so recently introduced, its seeds ripen in such abundance, that

56

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

As
it is

they are to be found in every seed-shop.

if tied

rather tall-^growing,
;

it

will, in confined situations,

if

Took better
it

up than

if left loose.

It

is,

however, of a very robust habit

alone.

and

allowed' plenty of air and room,

will be found strong

enough to stand

10.GODETIA LEPIDA,
Engravings. Bot. Reg.
Specific
1.

Lindl.

THE PRETTY GODETIA.

Capsules '
sessile
;

Chiracter.

1849

and

o-av fig. 4, in

Plate 8.

than the petals, the alternate ones shorter than the others.
ovate-obloag, hairy.

Erect.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire.

{Lindl.)

Petals subrhomboid, obtusely denticulated.

Stamens one-third shorter

Description,

&c. A

pretty flower, a native of California, introduced

its petals,

by Douglas
its

in 1835.

It is
its

remark-

able for the dark spots on the upper part of

and

for the rich

dark purple of

stigma

capsules are

short and hairy

and

its leaves,
;

which are of a bluish green, are also covered with a kind of down.
its

The plant*

grows about a

foot high

and

seeds

may
its

be procured in every seed-shop.

;

It is

more

suitable for small

in large patches,
is

gardens than G. ruMcunda, on account of

more compact habit of grovrth

and where sown

and each plant

ornamental.

after thinning allowed sufficient

room

to spread,

it

forms a dense mass of flowers, and

very

11.GODETIA VINOSA,
Enora'vinos
Bot. Reg.
t.

Lindl.

THE WINE-STAINED GODETIA.

alternate stamens less.

1880

Specific Character.
glabrous.

Ei-ect.

and owe fig. 1, in Plate 8. ; Leaves linear-oblong, subdentated,

;

Anthers crimson, yellowish at the summit.

Tube

of the calyx not

more

tlian

one-third the length of the limb.

Petals roundish, wedge-shaped, undulated, without blotches

Seeds of a dark brown and self-coloured.

{Lindl.)

Description, &c.

A plant somewhat resembling G. ruhicunda

The flowers
at the

in its habit of
lilac,

growth, but differing iA being

as

much more
wine.
It

slender.

are white, slightly tinted with a reddish

as G. ruhicunda

though stained with port

it is

was introduced

same time

and G. lepida ; and,

;

like those plants,

a native

of California.

AU

these plants are quite hardy, and very ornamental

;

and they

may

all

be sown in September G. inrma

to flower early in spring

in

March, to flower in

May

and in

May

to flower in

July and Ai^ust.

it

requires the

same treatment as G. ruhicunda ; but being of a more slender habit of growth,

should always

have some support.

GENUS
CLARKIA,
Lin. Sgst.

III.

Pursh.

THE CLARKIA.
Capsule 4-celled.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Petals 4, tripartite.

Gehbuc Cbaraoter.

Limb

of the calyx 4-parted.

Seeds not pappouB.

1.CLARKIA
Engravings.
1. in

PULCHELLA,
1100
;

Pursh.
I

THE FAIR CLARKIA.

Character.

Bot. Mag.
p.2.

t.

2918

Bot. Reg.

t.

and our /^.

Specific

Leaves

linear.

Petals deeply 3-lobed.

Plate

9.

Variety.

C.

(G. Don.)
alba. Hort., ovirfig.2,

inPlate 9.

Description,
it

&c

Tliis pretty

annual was
till

first

discovered

by Captains Lewis and Clarke,

in 1803,

though

was not introduced

into

England

1826.

In 1803, when Jefferson was president of the United States, he

''/,

^^.^ ^,.

.feV^,

,5

e/</^yU,,^.Us^

_ g ,^^U.<Z

Cfi9tCCM./U*'0fC.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

57

proposed to Congress to send some competent persons to ascend the Missouri, cross the Stony Mountains and
explore the western part of North America.

The persons chosen were, Lewis, who had been two years

private

secretary to JefiFerson, and William Clarke, both of

whom
of

received captains' commissions before their departure.

;

The

expedition occupied three years, and

was very

successful
it

and during the course of

naturalist,

it,

the Clarkia

was

discovered
figured
it

by Captain Clarke, and dried specimens

North America.

were sent to Pursh, the

who

described and

in his Flora of
till J

No

seeds were

however

collected,
it

and nothing more was heard of the

Clarkia in England
of the
first
;

826,

when

it

was

again discovered,

and seeds of

sent home,

by Douglas.

It

waa one

Califomian annuals imported.

The

Clarkias

may

be sown like the Godetias, in September, March,

and

May

and they require the same treatment.

Clarkia pulchella looks very well mixed with mignonette.

soil

In
all

this case, the seeds should not

be sown in patches, but a bed of rather poor

should be levelled, and sown

over thinly with Clarkia, and then with mignonette.

"When the plants come up, both kinds should be thinned

all

out so as to leave the plants about two inches apart and not more,
flower they will form a rich mass, and have a very pretty
eflfect,

over the bed

and when they come into

the bushiness of the mignonette hiding the

naked

stalks of the Clarkia.

2. CLARKIA ELEGANS,
Engratinos
Bot. Mag.
t.

Douglas.
Flow.
C.

THE ELEGANT CLARKIA.

e. ZJl. pi.

t.
;

3592

Bot. Reg.

t.

157S

Brit.

Hort. has the ilowers semi-double.

Gard. Second Series,

209

Synonyme.
Vameties.

Phaeostoma
e. 2.

and our Jig.

Douglaaii,

3, in Plate 9.

Specific Character.

Leaves

ovate, dentated

and

entire.

Stem
Stigmft

Spach.
very handsome.

glaucous

and branching.

Petals

rhomboid,

undivided.

C.

rosea Hort.; our Jig. 4, in Plate 9, has the

is

pubescent, ovary hairy.

(Lindl.)

flowers of a pale brick-red, rather than rose-colour. It

Description, &c.
different in its habit

This

elegant flower
it

was introduced by Douglas from

produces
its

California, in 1832.
;

It

is

rather

from C. pulchella, as

flowers on a long raceme

the raceme growing longer,

and expanding fresh flowers at the top, as those below drop and give place to ripe capsules.

Clarkia dcgans

may

be sown in April or May, and will continue in

Its seeds

full

beauty and continually opening fresh flowers from July

to October.

may

be procured at every seed-shop.

3.CLARKIA
Synoityme.

RHOMBOIDEA,

Boug.

THE RHOMBOID CLARKIA.

Specific Character.

Engravings.
t.

C. Bot. Reg.

gauroides,
t.

Hort.

Petals entire, rhomboid.

Leaves lanceolate.

1981

Brit.

Flow. Gard., Second

Series,

(G. Don.)

379; and

om Jig.

5, in Plato 9.

Descriptions, &c.

This
till

species is easily distinguished from the other kinds

by

the shape of

its petals.

It as

has slender stems, and grows from one foot to

C. puMtella, and his description of
it

two

feet high.

It

was discovered by Douglas

at the

same time
;

was published

in Sir

W.

J.

Hooker's North American Flora

but he did

not send seeds of

it

home

his last expedition,

and these being found among some of

his seed-papers in 1836,

they were sown in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and produced flowers.
species of Clarkia at the

Mr. Douglas discovered another

which he named C. unguiculata,

same time, of which he was unable

to procure seeds, but

the clawed Clarkia

this species has not yet

been introduced.

The

seeds of Clarkia rhomboidea, under the

name

of Clarkia gauroides,

may

be had at Charlwood's Covent

I

Garden, Carter's

Holbom, and most other

seed-shops.

58

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

Carter has the namoe of three other kinds of Clarkia, one large-flowered, and two fringed varieties of C. pulchella,

but we have never lieard of them anywhere

else,

and do not know what they

is

are.

Clarkia rhomloidea. Dr. Lindley observes, "

flowers indicating the nearest approach yet

interesting in a botanical point of view, on account of its

known among

the Onagraceous plants to the indefinite stamens of

tlie

MyrtacesB."

GENUS

IV.
Fisch. et

EUCHARIDIUM,
Generic CHiiucTEH.
Stamens

Mey.

Tuho

of the calyx above the ovarium, elongated, filiform, with a four-parted deciduous limb.

Petals four, clawed,

trifid.

four.

Stigma two-lobed.

Capsule four-celled, four-valved, dehiscent.

Seeds numerous.

(Fisch. et Meyer.)

1.EUCHARIDIUM

CONCINNUM,
t.

Fisch. et Meyer.
t.

THE NEAT EUCHARIDIUM.

our^.
6, in

EsGRATiHGs. Bot. Mag.

Specific Character.

3589; Bot. Reg.

1962; and

Pkte

9.
solitary.

Pubescent.

Leaves petiolate, ovate,

entire.

Flowers axillary,

Description, &c.
freely.

pretty and very neat

little

plant, in

growing about six or eight inches high, and flowering

California,

It

was found near the Russian colony of Eoss

Seeds

New

and sent

to the

London Horticultural

Society from St. Petersburg in 1836. nursery. Pine Apple Place,

may

be procured of Mr. Charlwood, and at Mr. Henderson's

in the

Edgeware Road, where our drawing was made

is

autumn

of 1838.

The

plant,

from
seeds

its

neat and compact habit of growth,

well adapted for growing in a pot, or in a small garden, and the

may

be sown at any period of the spring or summer, as they will generally flower at any time in six weeks

after sowing.

GENUS

V.

GAURA,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE GAURA.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Petals four.

Generic Character.

Limb of calyx

3-4-parted.

Ovary

3-4-sided, one-celled.

Seeds naked.

1. GAURA TRIPETALA,
SvNOMYME

Cav.

THE THREE-PETALLED GAURA.

I

G. hexandia, Ortega.

Specific Character

Flowers hexandrous. Sepals three, deflexed. Petals three, rose-colouicd,

obovate-oblong, unilateral, ascending.

Leaves lanceolate-linear, a

little

toothed.

Description, &c.

A half-hardy annual,
1

with whitish flowers, that turn pink as they fade.

It is a native
is

of Mexico, introduced in

804.

It is very inferior in
is

beauty to the perennial species of Gaura, and

Seeds

only

deserving of cultivation where there

abundance of room.

may

be had at Charlwood's.

They should be

sown

in

May, and

will flower in

August.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

59

GENUS
LOPEZIA,
Cav.

VI.

THE LOPEZIA.

Lin. Syst.

MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stamens two, only one of which
is fertile.

Generic CniRicTKa. Limb

of the calyx four-parted.

Petals four, irregular.

Capsule suhglobose,

fou^cellcd. (G. Don.)

1.LOPEZIA RACEMOSA,
Ehgrating.

Cav.

THE BRANCHING LOPEZIA.

j

Bot. Mag.

t.

2S4.

tapering to the base.

Racemes terminating the branches.

Bracteas

Synonyme.

L. Mexicana, Jacq.
Leaves
alternate, ovate-lanceolate, serrated,

much

shorter than the pedicels.

(G.

Don.)

Specific Character.

Description, &c.

slender plant, terminating in a branched raceme of very small pinkish flowers.

The
and

petals of the flowers are very narrow,

and one of them

is

darker than the others.

The

capsules are small

round, and they look rather pretty, hanging like single berries on their long footstalks.

The plant sown

in

is

a native of
April,

Mexico, and was introduced in 1792.

Seeds

may

be procured in any seed-shop, and

is

if

March or

they will flower in September and October.

case
it is

The Lopezia

a dangerous plant to

grow

in a hotbed, as in that

generally attacked

by the red spider (Acarus

telarius).

2. LOPEZIA CORONATA,

Andr.

THE CROWNED LOPEZIA.

alternate, ovate, serrated, attenuated at the base.

Bot, Rep. 551. L. Mexicana var. Specific Character. Plant

Engraving.

Bracteai exceeding

Synonyme.

coronata,

Dec.
Leaves

to pedicels.

(G. Don.)
is

glabrous.

Branches angular.

Description, &C.

The flowers of

this

kind of Lopezia (which

also a native of Mexico, introduced in

1804)

are larger and consequently handsomer than those of L. racemosa ; but they have the

same disadvantages. They

;

are too tender to stand the winter, or bear to be sown very early in spring in the open ground

and

if

raised in a

hotbed, they are almost sure to be attacked

by

the red spider

which not only destroys the beauty of

are also undesirable plants to

their leaves,

bnt will

infest

every other plant in the hotbed.

The Lopezias

grow

in a small

garden, from the great length of time (generally five or six months)
the seeds and the flowering of the plants
;

which elapses between the time of sowing

and from

their flowers appearing so very late in the season, that they

frost.

can only display their beauty a short time before they are destroyed by

i2

60

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER GARDEN

CHAPTER

VII.

LOASACEiE.
Essential Character, dijx superior,
five-cleft.

Petals five, cucuUate.

Stamens perigynous, or partly adelphous. Styles combined.

PlaooDtas

parietal.

Fruit capsular, or succulent.

(G. Don.)

GENUS
LOASA,
Lin. Syst.

I.

Adan.

THE LOASA.

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA, OR POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

five|

Gkkeric Character.
parted.

Tube

of the calyx not twisted, limb

sterile

and

free

inner ones disposed in five bundles, but

distinct,

Petals ten

five outer

ones cucuUate, five inner ones scale-

Capsule one-celled, but thrce-valved at the apex.

|

(G. Don.)

formed, bearing two

sterile filaments inside.

Outer

series of

stamens

Description, &c.

The

flowers of the plants belonging to this genus are so ornamental, that the plants
it

would be general favourites were

not for their stings, which are

much worse than

those of the nettle.

Great

confusion exists respecting the different species of Loasa, some botanists giving to al^iost every species the
of some other species as a synonyme, though the plants,
all

name
is,

when

seen together, appear quite distinct.

The

fact

the Loasas assume very different appearances according to the kind of soil in which they are grown.

Seeds

sown

in rich ground produce plants differing not only in the size, but in the colour of the flower, from plants
;

produced by seeds out of the same seed-pods, sown in poor ground

sionally appeared so different, that

and the specimens thus raised have occaIt is probable, however,

some botanists have taken them

for distinct species.

that

all

the yellow-flowered kinds are varieties of one or

is

two

species

probably of L. nitida

and L. Placei and

and

that L. alba

a variety of L. nitida.
it

L. ineana

is

described

by Dr. Graham

as a perennial
its

suffruticose,

and therefore we have omitted and

its

in our described species,

though we

may here

mention that

flowers are white,

leaves covered with a kind of mealiness, which makes them look as though they were powdered.
lateritia, or

The
;

plant

called

Loasa

L. aurantiaca in the nurseries and seed-shops,

it

is

probably not a Loasa at

all

or, at

any

rate, as it is

tall

climbing plant,

can hardly be the Loasa

lateritia described as

almost stemless by Dr. Arnott

in Cheek's

Edinburgh Journal.

This description was taken by Dr. Arnott from the

MS.

notes of Dr. Gillies,

at the foot of

who was

well acquainted with South American plants, as he resided for

many

years at

Mendoza

the Andes, and thence

side,

made

frequent excursions across the Cordilleras to the shores of the Pacific on the one

and across the Pampas to the Atlantic on the other.

All the plants belonging to the genus Loasa have the

tube of the calyx not twisted, but the plant called Loasa lateritia has the tube of the calyx twisted, and indeed
strongly

marked with

spiral ribs.

These

spiral ribs

form one of the distinctive marks of the genus Caiophora

Presl, so that probably the true

name

of the plant in question

may eventually

be found to be Caiophora punicea,

PI 10.

'<^''^^-''^d,t^^-^3jLkoMc,^

4^Zm^^tA^>,n,t^^_jWM/g^u^&^^

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
the Blumenbachia punicea of Mr. G. Don, and the Loasa punicea of Ruiz and Pavon.
is

61

As, however, the plant

it

now

generally

known by

the
fol.

name
22),

of

Loasa

lateritia in the seed-shops,

and as

has been called so by

Dr. Lindley (Bot. Reg. 1838,

we

shall describe it

by

that

name

in the following page.

1.LOASA NITIDA, Lam.

Engratings.
t.

THE SHINING
t.

LOASA,

or

CHILIAN NETTLE PLANT.

Brit.

Flow. Gard., Second

Series,

196; Bot. Mag.

Specific Character.

Prostrate.

Leaves cordate-lobate, dentated,

2372.

shining above, upper ones sessile.

Peduncles axillary.

ViaiETY.

L.n.

^Lam. )

2.tricolor,G. i)(H. syn. L.tricolor,Bo<. fle^.t.667.

Description,

&c

The

flowers of this species are yellow, and the leaves of a bright shining green.

The

flowers of the variety have rather

more red

in them, but the difiference is very trifling.

The stem

is

covered with

long rigid hairs, which have each

the sting

"a

small bag

or vesicle at the base, containing the liquor for transfusion

it

through

when

in action."

This liquid stings severely, and the burning pain

occasions continues generally for

a week or ten days, and the red mark often remains for weeks and even months.
Chili,

Loasa nitida
;

is

a native of
in

and was introduced in 1822.

soil, it

In

its

native country
lie

it

grows wild among

rocks

and

if

grown

England

in a poor sandy
if

vriU

have slender stems, which

upon the ground, and very richly coloured flowers ; but

Seeds of both L. nitida and

grown

in rich

soil,

the stem will be strong and upright, and the flowers pale.
in the seed-shops
;

L.

tricolor are

common
till

and

if

sown

in the

open ground in May, they will flower in July, and

continue in flower

September or October.

2. LOASA PLACEI,
Enoratings.

Lindl.

MR. PLACE'S LOASA.

upper ones
sessile.

Variety.
Bot. Reg.

Bot. Reg. 1699; and out L. P. 2 acanthifolia, L.

t.

fig. 3, in Plate 10.

Pedicels axillary.

Sepals hardly toothed, reflexed,

syn.

acanthifolia.

Ker

in

length of the petals.

Wings of the

corolla sessile

and quite

entire, the

t.

785.

longest of the stamens as long as the petals.

Style bent, longer than

Specific Character.

Leaves

cordate

at

tlie

base,

many-lobed,

the stamens.

(G.

Don.')

Description, &c.
stem.

tall

strong-growing plant, rising to the height of two feet or more, with a thick, erect

It is a native of Chili,

and was introduced in 1800.

It requires a poor dry soil,

soil

and yet abundance of

;

moisture, for the colours to have their full brilliancy.

the plant assumes the appearance of L. aeantldfolia.

In rich

the flowers become larger and paler

and

This species

is

generally raised on a hotbed, and planted

out in

May

but

it

may

be sown in

May

in the

open ground.

3.LOASA AMBROSI.a:FOLIA,
Engravings.

Juss.

THE AMBROSIA-LEAVED LOASA.

Specific

Bot. Reg.

t.

1390

Synonvmes.

L.

and out fig. 2,

? L.

in Plate 10.

Character. Leaves

alternate, bipinnatifid, lobes bluntish.

hispida,

Graham.

bryoniaefolia,

Schrad.

Pedicels extra-axillary.
shorter than the petals

Lobes of the calyx lanceolate-linear, acute,

(Dec.)

* L. grandiflora.

Lam.

Description,
ovate seed-vessel.

&c. A
It is

and a very short very handsome, strong-growing species, with large yellow flowers, grows about two a native of Lima, from which country it was introduced in 1829. It
it

and a half

feet high,

and may be sown in the open border in May, when

seeds.

will flower

from July to September,

and ripen abundance of

The

seeds are sold in some of the seed-shops under the

name

of L. brymimfolia.

62

THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN

4. LOASA ALBA, D. Don.

THE WHITE
Calyx
formed and awned,

LOASA.
and
linear,

Engrjting.

Brit.

Flow. Card., Second

Scries,

t.

192.
tootlied.

in segments, long

Exterior appendages hatchet-

Specific CuARicxEa.

Cancscent.

Leaves opposite, palmate,

(Z).

Don.)

Description, &c.

A slender-stemmed

plant, with white flowers, introduced in 1832, in the seed-shops,

by Mr. Hugh Cuming,

they

from

Chili.

Seeds of this species are

now common

and

like the others,

may

be sown in

the open border in

May.

6. LOASA LATERITIA, Hook.

SvNoNYMES
Presl.
;

THE BRICK-RED
Specific Chaiucteb.

LOASA.
Leaves cordate, palmate, lobate,

.'

Caiophora punicea

C. ccrciifolia or C. carduifolia.
;

Climbing.
inside,
spiral ribs.

Blmnenbachia punicea, G.
;

Don
;

Loasa punicea,

Ruiz

et

Petals sessile, keeled, and of a brick -red colour.

Appendages 3-lobed,
bristles.

Pavon

L. aurantiaca, Hort.

L. coccinea, Hort. Hot. Reg. 1838,

t.

truncate

each

furnished,

with

two membranous

Engiuvings.

Bot. Mag.

t.

3632

22

and our

Capsule cjlindrical, with

fig. 1, in Plate 10.

Description, &c.

climbing plant, with large dark red flowers and very curiously twisted capsules,
It
is

which are long and ornamental.

where
it

a native of

Tucuman

(lying between the Rio do la Plata and the Andes),

was discovered by
It

-Mr. Tweedie, a botanical collector,

and seeds of

it

sent to the
it

Glasgow Botanical

Garden

in 1836.

was

at first

supposed to be tender, and grown in a hothouse, but

was soon found

to

succeed perfectly well in the open border,

seed-shop. best

where
in the

it

ripened seeds so abundantly as to be

now common
;

in every

The
for the

seeds

may

either be

sown

open border in May, or in a hotbed in March

but perhaps the

way

amateur to procure

fine plants, is to purchase, in the

month

of

May, young

plants which have

been raised by a nurserjrman on a hotbed, and are just ready for planting out in the open border.

This

is

indeed

perhaps the best method to be pursued by persons, not keeping a regular gardener, with regard to

all

annuals

which should be raised on a hotbed

as in this

manner half-hardy plants may be procured

for a

mere

trifle,

com-

pared with the expense and trouble of a hotbed, at the very time

when they

are wanted.

The Loasa

lateritia

may

be trained in

many

different

ways.

A plant in Lee's nursery.

Hammersmith, which

had been raised ou a hotbed, and planted out in May, was in August, 1838, a splendid pyramidal mass of flowers
six or eight feet high
;

it

having been trained to three stakes tied together at the top.

is

From

this plant

our

specimen was taken, aad the species

to the plant in the

called

Loasa aurantiaca in our Plate 10, from that being the name given

Hammersmith

nursery.

At Mrs. Lawrence's

villa, at

Drayton Green,

it

was trained over

the stems being

lattice-work fourteen feet or fifteen feet high.

In other places, banks were covered with

it,

pegged down in various places to keep them

close to the

ground

and

in others the plants

were drawn through

hoops, like those used for Dahlias, and suffered to hang loosely over them.
to

In every case the plant was found

till

grow vigorously

in the
soil
;

open
but

air,

and to continue flowering abundantly

to thrive best in a sandy loam.
flowers,

killed

by

frost.

It

was grown

any common garden

it

was found

AH
trellis.

the kinds of Loasa have very

showy L.

and produce a good

nitida,

effect in

a garden

when

trained over a
trellis
:

For

this purpose

L.

lateritia,

alba,
it.

and L.

may

be sown at the foot of a low

and as

the plants grow they

may

be trained over
;

No

lady, however, should attempt to train or gather a Loasa,

all

without wearing leathern gloves

with this precaution,

the plants belonging to the genus are well suited to

female culture, as they are easily

made

to

assume any form that

may

be desired, and their beauty principally

attention in watering, &c.,

depends on the manner in which they are trained.

increased beauty.

They

also

amply repay

by

their

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

g3

GENUS

ir.

BLUMENBACHIA,
Lin. Syst.

Schrad.

THE BLUMENBACHIA.

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRA.
Limb
Fertile

Gkneric Character.
five-parted.

Tube
;

of the calyx spirally twisted.

stamens disposed in
base.

five bundles.

Fruit dividing into ten parts at tho

Petals ten

five

outer ones cucullatCj and the five inner

sterile filaments.

(G. Don.)

ones scaie-formed, each scale enclosing two

].BLUMENBACHIA INSIGNIS,

Schrad.

THE SHOWY BLUMENBACHIA.

Graham.
Character
SpKCiFic

fig. 4, in Plate 10.

Bot. Mag. Synonymes. B.

Engravings.

t.

2865

Brit. Fl.

Card.

t.

171; and our

L. patula,

Lower

leaves

generally

seven, but

some-

parviflora,

GUI.

Loasa

palmata,

Spreng.

times five lobed, upper ones deeply bipinnatifid.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The stem

is

much

branched, especially near the bottom, and both stems and branches are

thickly covered with bristles, which inflict a slight sting

clothed with a short pubescence.
of Chili

when

touched.

The

leaves are deeply cut, and also

It
is

The

flowers are white, and are produced in great abundance.

in 1826.
it

a native
in a rich

and

Brazil,

and

it

was introduced

It will

grow

perfectly well in the open air, if

sown

light soil in in

May

or in a sheltered situation
its

may

be sown in autumn, to stand through the winter.

till

It flowers

June or July, and continues to unfold

on a hotbed, and growing
little

blossoms in succession,

September or October.

It is well

adapted
;

for raising

in pots, to flower early in the season in

a greenhouse, or living room

as it

makes a bushy

plant, six inches or eight inches high,

and
as
last
it

is

covered with flowers.

Its curious flowers

may

indeed be seen to best advantage in this

of its stings.

way

of treating

it,

cannot well be gathered for a nosegay, on account

it

It is seldom seen in flower-gardens,

though

year (1838) there was a beautiful bed of

for

in the

garden of Thomas Harris, Esq., Kingsbury, from which the specimen

our drawing was obtained.

Seeds

may

be purchased at Charlwood's, Carter's, and other seed-shops.

if

The plant may also be propagated by

cuttings,

which,

kept through the winter, will flower early the following summer.

2.BLUMENBACHIA MULTIFIDA,
Specific Character.

Hook.

MULTIFID-LEAVED BLUMENBACHIA.
t.

Engraving;

Leaves palmate, with

Bot. Mag.

3599.
Petals hispid.

bipinnatifid lobes.

Flowers bibracteated.

{Hooh.)

Description, &c.
leaves.

A more vigorous-growing
in 1837,

species than

B. insignu, with larger flowers, and much larger

It

was discovered by Mr. Tweedie,

in the

Pampas

of

Buenos Ayres, and seeds were sent home by him

to the

Glasgow Botanic Garden

when

the plants raised from

them proved

quite hardy, and flowered in

erect, the flowers

the open borders abundantly.

at their extremity
hairs,

The

footstalks of the flowers are very long,

and though they are

bend gracefully.

Every

part of the plant, however, including the flowers, is covered

with

which sting nearly as severely aa those of Loasa.

;

We

have never seen this plant in the gardens near

London

and we do not suppose the seed can be obtained anywhere but from the Botanic Garden, Glasgow.

64

THE

LADIES'

FLOWEE GARDEN

GENUS
BARTONIA,
Lin. Syst.

III,

Nutt.

THE BARTONIA.

ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
five-parted.

Generic Chaiucter.

Tube

of the cul.vx cylindrical.

Limb

Petals S- 10, about equal iu sliape.

Stamens uamerous.

Capsule

3-7-valvcd, each placenta bearing two rows of seeds.

(G. Don.)

1.BARTONIA AUREA,
Engravings
Bot. Reg.
t.

Lindl.
t.

THE GOLDEN BARTONIA.

of the lower ones deeply serrated.
Perils
five,

18.31

Brit. Fl.

Gard. 2nd

Series,

Bracteas

ovate,

or pinnatifid.
filiform.

357 and our^.

5, in Plate 10.

obovato,

pointed.

Filaments

numerous,

Specific Character.

Leaves

ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid

segments

{Lindl.)

Description, &c.
unfortunate Douglas.

One

of the

most beautiful of

all

the beautiful plants introduced from California

by the

This excellent botanist,

who was

killed a

few years

since,

by

falling into a pit placed to

entrap wild cattle in the Sandwich Islands, introduced more ornamental annuals than any other collector.

The
it is

Bartonia aurea (which was introduced iu 1835)

is

indeed one of the most beautiful of garden flowers

its

but "

only beneath the bright sunshine," Dr. Lindley observes, " that
the plant
is

splendid flowers unfold. In the early morning,

;

a shabby bush, with pale, greenish-grey branches, and weedy leaves

but as the sun exercises his

every branch
is

influence, the petals gradually unroll, as if in

acknowledgment of his power,

its petals,

till

radiant with

gold

and so metallic

is

the lustre of the inside of

that one would really think they must be composed

tissue of a flower."
(^Bot.

of something

more

solid

and

enduring than the delicate

and perishable

Reg.
it

fol.

1831.)

This description so admirably depicts the plant, that

we

could not resist the temptation of quoting

entire.

Dr.
easily

Lindley adds, that the seeds should be sown in a sheltered situation, as the branches are very

brittle,

and

broken by the wind

Charlwood, in a

and that the plants require a

rich border, in the

rich moist soil.

"We sowed some

seeds, procured

from Mr.

warm

open

air,

in

May

1838, taking care to give the young plants plenty of

till

water, and in the latter end of June they were splendidly in flower, producing a succession of blossoms
plants were killed

the

by the

frost.

This

frost

was a very

slight one

and though

it

kUled the Bartonia, and

a Calandrinianear
the Bartonia
;

it,

did not hurt even the Geraniums (Pelargoniums), which were trained against a wall behind
(

while a crimson Verbena

Verbena Tteeedieana)l{Yei even after the Geraniums were

killed.

We

mention

this, to

give some idea of the relative degree of hardiness of the plants, though, of course, even this degree

will difier greatly in different situations.

2. BARTONIA ALBESCENS,

Gill,

and Arnott.
|

THE WHITE-STALKED BARTONIA.

Filaments
all dilated.

Engraving. Brit. PI. Card. 2nd Series, t. 182. Spkcific Character. Ijcavessinuated. Petals scarcely longer than

the calyx.
I

Anthers subrotund, beardless.

Stig-

mata

three, 8eparate.(Z).

Don.)

Description,

&c

weedy-looking plant, with large, coarse-growing leaves, and very small flowers of a

dingy white and yellowish tinge.

The

plant

is

a native of Chili, introduced in 1832, and as

in flower-gardens in England.

it

requires to be

raised on a hotbed, it is not likely to be

much grown

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUAI^.

65

GENUS

lY.

SCYPHANTHUS,
Lin. Syst.

Swt.

SCYPHANTHUS.

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
five,

Geneiuc CiLUucTEii.

Calyx

deeply five-parted.
sterile.

Petals

on ebort claws.

Appendages peltate at the apex, lobed, and three-homed.

Stamens

numerous, the ten outer ones

Capsule prismatic, silique-formed, crowned by the tube of the calyx, three-valved at the apex.

(G. Don.)

1. SCYPHANTHUS ELEGANS,

Swt.

THE ELEGANT SCYPHANTHUS.

t.

Esoiuvrao. Brit. Flow. Gard.

Specific

238.
ciliated.

CauucTER.

Stem dichotomous.

Segments of leaves obtuse,

(G. Don.)
joint,

Description, &c.

A climbing, or rather twining

It is a native of Chili,

plant,

with long slender stems, forked at every

and

twisting round each other, or round anything within their reach.

The

flowers are yellow, and curiously formed,

it

but not very beautiful.

and would require to be raised on a hotbed ; but

its

was

lost

soon

after its introduction in 1827,

and we

have not heard of

having been re-introduced.

CHAPTER

VIII.

CRUCIFER^.
EsaENTui Character.

Sepals four.

Petals four, cruciate.

Stamens

six,

hypogynous, tetradynamous.

Fruit a silique, or

silicle, rarely a

valvelcBB pericarp.

(G. Don.)
from
all

Description, &c.

The Cruciferous plants are

for example, all the
;

easily distinguished

others

by the

four petals, of

which
;

their single flowers consist, being always placed in such a manner as somewhat to resemble a Maltese cross

and
om-

hence they take the name of Cruciferous, which

signifies cross-bearing.

To

this order belong several of

cress, radishes,

commonest vegetables

cabbage

tribe, turnips,

mustard and

&c.

All the

Cruciferous plants abound in nitrogen

and hence,

when they

decay, they not only emit an unpleasant odour like

that of decaying animal matter, but they are equally injurious to the health.

Some

years ago a fever

was
of

occasioned at Cambridge,

by a number

of cabbages being left above-ground, in a confined space, to rot.

;

None

the plants belonging to this order are poisonous

antiscorbutic.

on the contrary, most of

them

are considered wholesome and

The

roots of some, such as the horse-radish, are pungent, but none of

them

are injurious.
it,

The most

interesting characteristics of the order, as regards the annual flowers belonging to

are

that the

plants are generally tap-rooted, like the radish, and therefore do not bear transplanting well

that they are

neariy

all

natives of the temperate zones, and therefore tolerably hardy

that their seeds retain their vegetative

66
power
for

THE

LADIES'
all

FLOWER-GARDEN
sown
are likely to produce plants
it,
;

a long time, and therefore that nearly

the seeds that are

and

laatly, that

from the quantity of nitrogen they

contain, tliey
all

want food which produces

and tterefore they

require nourishment with animal manure.

These are

very important points to be kept in view by the

to remain, or,
if

grower of Cruciferous annuals

the

first

shows that the seeds should be sown where they are

;

transplanted, that a ball of earth should be kept round their roots

the second, that they

may

be sown safely in
I'equu-e

the open air

soil,

the third, that the seeds need not be

sown very thick

and the fourth, that they will

a rich

well manured.

GENUS

I.

MATHIOLA,
Lin.Syst.
QxNERic CiuRACTER.
Silique

R. Br.

THE STOCK.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
Stigmas connivent, thickened or horned on the back.
Caljrx biiaccate at the base.-^

omowhat cylindncal.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
description.

The splendid flowers called

biennial, or

stocks,
;

and

stock-gilliflowers, are too well

known

to require

Most of the kinds are

is

shrubby

and, indeed, almost the only annual kind

its varieties.
it

known

in

British gardens,

the

common ten-week

stock {Mathiola annua), and

The

stocks were formerly

included in the genus Cheiranthus (the wall-flower), but they Were separated from

by Dr. Brown, principally

on account

of a difierence in the formation of the stigma.

MATHIOLA ANNUA,

Sweet.

THE ANNUAL OR TEN-WEEK STOCK.

coloured, the brown, and the brown-purple.

Figs. and Cheiranthus Br. Hesperis Lam. Varietiks. There perhaps few
Ekoratings
1, 2, 3,

4, in our plate 11.

Seeds of

all

these kmds,

Symonymes.

incanus, Lin.

Mathiola incana var.

R.

and of many intermediate shades,

sestiva,

are

species of

which there are more

and of the

may be purchased in the seed-shops. Upwards of sixty sorts were grown for many years in the Hammersmith aursery, including what are called Russian, Prussian, and German
stocks
;

Tarieties.

Some

of the single kinds are white, some striped (see Jig. 1,

spotted,

perhaps the most curious are those striped with three distinct
white, purple, and crimson
;

in Plate 11),

some

some purple, and some crimson

greater.

colours

and perhaps the handsomest the

giant stock
is

double kinds the variety

(Jig. 2),

is still

The

double-flowered purple

common

double crimson.

The new
Stem
erect,

a very

tall,

strong-

and the double white (Jig. 3), are particularly beautiful. Some

growing variety, with enormously large flowers.

Specific Character.
blunt, hoary. Pods

of the kinds called

German

stocks are very curious, particularly the

branched.

Leaves lanceolate,

brick-red variety (Jig. 4).

Besides these, there are

among

the double

somewhat

cylindrical, without glands.

(G.Don.)

kinds, the crimson, the blush, the pink, the scarlet, the lilac, the rose-

Description, &c.

plant growing from one to

;

two

feet high,

with an erect branching stem, hoary leaves, <

and long spikes of flowers

the size and richness of colour of these flowers vary greatly in the different varieties,

and some of them are very splendid.

it

The

species is a native of the South of

Europe by the

sea-shore,

whence

was introduced

in 1731

but the principal varieties have been originated in England and Germany.
;

The

German

varieties are particularly beautiful

and the seed saved

in that country,

from the greater heat of the

:'6(UmUu

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
summers, and the great care bestowed by the weavers of Saxony,
superior to seed saved in England.
all

67
are the principal growers of
it, is

who

very

What

are called the Russian and Prussian varieties, are, generally speaking,
their

grown

in

Upper-Saxony by the weavers, who take as much pleasure in growing and saving the seed of
weavers do in England in growing their pinks and carnations.

stocks, as the Lancashire

Home-saved seed can

rarely be depended upon, as, where several varieties are

grown near

together, spurious varieties are

true.

made by

the

wind carrying the pollen from one plant

to another,

and the seed can never be kept

Regular seed-growera

preserve only the plants with the best flowers, and throw the other plants away.

Russian and Prussian stocks

were so called because they were introduced about the time of Bonaparte's retreat from Moscow, when the names
of Russia

and Prussia were fashionable.

The

best seed of the

German

stocks

is

said to be procured at Carter's,

Holbom ; but very good may be had

at

Lee's (from whose nursery

we have had

sixty distinct kinds), and Charlwood's.

To produce

the finest flowers, the seed should be

;

sown

in August, in a
five in

bed of rather

light soil,

which should

be covered with a frame

cold frame
plants,

or the seed

may

be sown in pots, four or

glass,

a pot, and placed in a cold frame.

A
The

means a

pit or

frame covered with

but not heated by manure, or in any other manner.

when they come

ofl^,

up, should be kept dry during the winter, to strengthen them, and prevent

them from

damping

and

in April they should be taken out of their beds, with a ball of earth

round their

roots, or, if in
soil

a pot, turned out with the ball entire, and planted in a

warm
;

border, in very rich

soil.

The poor

that they

were raised in will have previously checked their growth

check, will

but planting them in the rich

soil after this

previous

make them grow

luxuriantly,

and produce rich spikes of flowers in June.

Those persons who wish to have

fine stocks to flower early in the

summer, but who have not a frame

it

to raise

them

in,

or indeed do not like to be troubled with keeping any plants during winter, will find

their best

plan to purchase young plants in April or

will flower as above stated.

May

from a nurseryman, and to plant them in rich

soil

where they

These autumn-sown plants have, however, the disadvantage of fading very soon,

when exposed

to the heat of

summer.

Their fibrous roots wither, and their dark colours become blotched, or
is

blanched by the sun.

The dark

purple, in particular,

very apt to become streaked or spotted with white.

From
they

this disadvantage, spring-sown plants are free.

If

sown

in February,

March, or April,

in a

dry poor

soil,

may

be transplanted into a rich

soil in

April or May, taking care to preserve earth round the roots, and not

to injure the fibres,

though in some cases the extreme point of the tap-root

may be

taken

ofi",

to induce it to
if

throw

out more fibres.

Other seeds

may

be sown in May, which will not need transplanting, and which,

till

preserved

from the

frost, will

continue flowering

Christmas.

Some

persons, to

make

tlie

plants produce larger flowers, take off the side shoots as they appear, and thin the
;

blossom-buds on the spike of flowers by taking off every alternate bud

&c., to produce fine plants.

and others water with liquid manure,

In whatever manner they are treated,

it

must always be remembered that they

require great care in transplanting, and that they should be transplanted that plants are
fit

when

quite young.
;

The

gfjneral rule

is,

for transplanting

when they have opened

little after

their second pair of leaves

and that the trans-

planting should not be delayed longer than a

are removed,
it

they have produced their third pair.

When

large plants

should always be with such a ball of earth attached, that the roots

may

experience no check from

the removal.

When

the stocks are planted out in the borders for flowering, they are generally placed three

together in an angular form, so as to allow

room

for a stake to

be placed in the centre to

tie

them

to, if necessary.

e2

68

THE LADIES' FLOWERrGARDEN

2. MATHIOLA GR^CA,

Swt.

THE SMOOTH-LEAVED ANNUAL, OR GRECIAN STOCK.

Synonyme.
Cheiranthus GraecuSy Juss.
green, smooth.

Spscific Character.

Leaves

Pods somewhat oompressed.

Description, &c.
hoary.

This kind

diflfers

from the common kind in having the leaves smooth and green instead of

The
is

flowers are purple.

It is

a native of Greece, and has been long in cultivation in British gardens.

Its culture

the same as that of

M.

annua.

3. MATHIOLA TENELLA,
Specific Character.

Dec.

THE SLENDER ANNUAL STOCK.

drawn out
at the base, canescent

Stem

erect,

almost simple,

tieares oblong, sinuately-toothed,

with stellate pubescence.

Siliques pubescent, without glands.

{G.Don.)

Description, &c.
without branches.

slender-stemmed plant,

dififering

from the other annnal

stocks, in

having

its

stem
is

Its flowers

are of a livid purplish brown, like those of the night-smelling stock (which
is

shrubby)

The

slender annual stock

livida,

a native of Cyprus, and was introduced in 1820.

is

There

is

another kind

with livid flowers (M.

in

Dec), which has a branched stem, and

a native of Egjrpt, and

if ever,

was

also introduced

1820

but these kinds, and several others made species by botanists, are seldom,

to be purchased under

their botanical names, but are sold as different kinds of

M.

annua.

GENUS

II.

MALCOMIA,

R. Br.

THE VIRGINIAN STOCK.

Lyn. Syst.
Gemsric Character.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
Stigma simple, ending in a long taper point.

Silique roundish.

{G. Don.)

Description,

&c

The Virginian

stocks are

little

free-growing annuals, which were formerly included in

the genus Cheiranthus, but which have been 'separated

by Dr. Brown on account

of a slight dificrence in the

shape of the stigma.

1 MALCOMIA
SvMONYMEs.
J'Om.

MARITIMA,
maritimus, Lin,

R. Br.

THE COMMON, OR
I

SEA-SIDE VIRGINIAN STOCK.

Hairs adpressed, 2-or 4-partcd.

Cheiranthus
t.

Hcsperis maritima,

blunt, entire, narrowed at the base.

Pedicels somewhat shorter than the calyx.

I

Pods pubescent, furnished

Engravings.^Bot. Mag.
Specific Character.

166

and our^^. 5,
branched.

Plate 11.
j

with a long acumen at the apex.

|

Stems

(G. Don.)
and from

erect,

Leaves

elliptical,

Description, &c.
its

The pretty
it is

little

Virginian stock
it

is

so well

known

for its lively-looking flowers,

growing so freely wherever

lilac,

sown, that
is

requires very

little

description.

The flowers

are of a pale violet

is

or

varying to white, and there

a variety, the flowers of which are of a pure white.

;

It

a native of the
is

South of Europe, growing in the sand close to the seSr-shore

and

it

was introduced

in 1713.

Why it

called

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
Virginian, has never been explained
;

is

69

and

it

seems a very inappropriate name, as the plant

not found wild in

fit

America.

It

may

possibly, however, be a corruption of Virgin's Stock, the easiness of its culture rendering it
girls
;

for the care of

young

in the

same way as the Garden Rocket was formerly

called

Dame's

Violet.

Nothing
will

can be easier than the cultivation.

The

seeds are generally all good, and wherever they are

sown they

come up without any care being bestowed upon them.

flower.

It is frequently used in cottage gardens as a border

MALCOMIA
differs

CHIA, Dec,

very

little

from the

common

kind, except in having

much

smaller flowers.

It is a native of the isle of

Ohio, and

was introduced in 1732.

MALCOMIA AFRICANA,
This species
is

R. Br.
it

a native of the south of Europe, and north of

;

AMca, whence

was introduced

in 1747

The

flowers are small and purplish

the leaves lanceolato

and the pods scabrous.

Dec.
in 1804.

MALCOMIA ARENARIA,

native of the sandy plains of Mauritania, whence

it

was introduced

The

flowers are violet;

coloured,

and the leaves long and narrow.

is

Seeds of

all

these kinds

may

be procured in the seed-shopa

but

M. maritima

the only kind worth growing.

GENUS
IBERIS,
Lin. Syst.

III.

Lin.

THE CANDY TUFT.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
Silicle

Generic CuAaACTER.

Two

outer petals largest.

much compressed,

truncately emarginate.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
tufts,

The

plants of this genus were called

Candy

Tuft, because their flowers are produced in

and because Iberis

unibellata, the first

kind introduced as a garden flower, was brought from Candia.

The

English species, Iberis amara, was long thought to be a species of Thlaspi, or wild mustard.

The

seeds of the

Candy Tufts
of the

are all very pungent,

and were formerly used

for

mustard ; and the leaves and young stems both

Candy Tufts and

stocks

may

be boiled and eaten as pot-herbs.

1. IBERIS UM-BELLATA, Lin.

Synonymes.
Crantz.
ENGRAViNGg.
Varieties.
sjiecies in

THE COMMON PURPLE CANDY TUFT.

12, has the flowers
crimson.

Iberis

corymbosa, Mcench,

Thlaspi Umbellatum,

much

larger than

the species, and of a rich dark

Bot. Mag. 106; 2 ^^.

t.

and out fig.

u.

1, in

Plate 12.

Specific Character.

Smooth.

Leaves lanceolate, acuminated,

;

I. u,

alba,

3, in Plate 12, only differs from the

I.

lower ones serrated, upper ones quite entire

acutely

pods umbellate, very

having white flowers.

3 sanguinea, fig,

2, in Plate

3-lohed, (G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The Purple Candy Tuft

is

a plant growing to the height of about a

varieties only

foot,

with spreading
the size and

branches and large heads of purple flowers.

The white and dark crimson

differ in

70

THE LADIES FLOWER-GARDEN

grown
to nearly three times the size of the specimen epreit

colour of their flowers, and the latter kind has been

sented in^^. 2, in Plate 12.

The

species is

a native of Candia, from which country seeds were brought of

to

England by Lord Edward Zouch,

about 1590, and given by him to Gerard,

who grew

it

in his garden in

Holbom.

It was, as

we have
it

before mentioned, at first supposed to be a kind of wild mustard, and

it

was

called

Candia mustard, but when

flowered

excited great admiration.

;

From

that time to the present, Purple

its

Candy
its

Tuft has been a general favourite in British gardens

and

it

well deserves to maintain

place there, from

beauty and the easiness of

its

culture.
it

The Purple Candy

Tuft, though

is

generally found in a wild state on rocks in sunny places, like

soil, if

all

the

rest of the Cruciferse, does best

on a rich

not too moist

and, as

it

will not bear transplanting without

it

serious injury,

it

should be sown where

it is

to remain.

As

it

looks well in masses,

;

may be sown

in square

beds,

mixed with mignonette,

as directed for the Clarkias (p. 57)

in front of
it.

or,

a row

may be sown

at the back of a border,

and smaller flowers planted or sown

or

It

may

be sown in autumn, or in February, March, April,

it will, if

May

and in warm sheltered situations in June and July, when

the winter.

protected from frost, remain in

blossom
in

all

When
;

it is

wished to have the flowers very

fine,

the seed should be

sown

rather thinly

August or September

and when

the plants produce their second pair of leaves, they should be thinned out.

They should be kept

rather dry during the winter, and, where convenient, protected from severe frost.

In
to

spring, as soon as the plants begin to grow, they should

be thinned again, and a third time when they begin

let

branch.
plants,

After this they should be watered with liquid manure, taking care not to

the liquid touch the the plants are going

but to

let it

sink into the ground, so as to afford nourishment to the roots.

When

into flower, the heads should be examined,

and

if

they appear too numerous, the weakest should be removed.

plants,

By

this treatment,

and occasionally loosening the ground round the

and keeping

it

free

from weeds,

flowers of the

common Purple Candy Tuft have been grown

three inches across, most beautifully coloured, being

;

of a very dark purple on the outside, and softening to nearly white in the centre

and flowers of the dark crim-

son variety have been grown nearly four inches across.

The

great points are, thinning the plants gradually as

they increase in

size,

and supplying their roots with abundance of rich food when they are going into flower.
size as those

Spring-sown flowers never attain so large a

ment, much
finer flowers

sown

in

autumn

but,

by

the same

mode

of treat-

may

be grown than those usually seen in our gardens.

2.IBERIS PINNATA,
Stnoitvme.

Lin.

THE PINNATE-LEAVED CANDY TUFT.

i

I. odorata,

Engraving.

Our

Hort.

Specific Character.

Leaves

pinnatifid

racemes corymbose, but

fig. 4, in Plate 12.

after floweriug a little elongated.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
slightly tinged

A rather
;

low-growing plant with white flowers and pinnate leaves; the calyxes are
of flowers are generally

with purple.

The heads

somewhat

raised in the centre, as if approaching

the shape of a raceme

rally

and the flowers have occasionally a tinge of purple, or pinkish hue.

This species

is

gene-

grown and

sold under the

all.

name

of /. odorata in the nurseries, but

it

is

very slightly sweet-scented, and

it

very frequently not at

later

The

species is a native of Spain,

;'

from which country

was introduced a few years

his garden

than

/. umlellaia, /. /(inwato

by the same Lord Edward Zouch

called Spanish Tuft, because

and Gerard had both species growing in

in 1596.

was

it

came from Spain,

as I. umhellata yf as called

Candy

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
Tuft, because early
florists.
it

71

came from Candia ; and under

these

names we

find both species fi^quently mentioned

by our
found

The name

of Iberis is derived from Iberia, the ancient

name

for Spain.

/.

pinnata
it

is also

wild in the south of France and Italy.

It requires no particular care in its culture,

and

may

be sown in

March, April, or May.

The heads

of flowers do not

become broader under

is

careful culture,

but have a ten-

dency to elongate ; so that their beauty, instead of being improved,

rather lessened.

3. IBERIS
Enoiuviiio.

ODOR ATA,
t.

Lin.

THE SWEET-SCENTED CANDY TUFT.

|

Brit.

Flow. Gard.

SO.

dilated at the top

Specific Character.

Leaves

pods roundish, emargiDate, lobes acute, ipretding,

linear, toothed, ciliated at the hase,

shorter than the style.

(G. Don.)
though there
is

Description, &c.

This

species is frequently confounded vrith /. pinnata, but

a general

resemblance, there are several points of difference.

looser,

The

flowers of /. odorata are whiter, and smaller and

;

than those of
;

/. pinnata,

and

its

calyxes are more purple

its

stem-leaves are only toothed, and

It

its

pods

are acutely lobed

its

leaves are bordered with hairs,

of its heads of flowers,
it is

and

it

is

very sweet-scented.

grows about a
it

foot high.

The small

size

and looseness

and
little

its

straggling habit of growth, prevent

It is a native of Crete,

from being

considered ornamental, and

comparatively but

grown.

and was introduced in

as, in this case,

1804.

It requires

no particular care in
is

its culture,
is

but does best in a rather poor

it is

soil,

the

soent of its flowers

stronger

though

this

perhaps no recommendation, as

of rather a sickly sweetness,

it is

and not very agreeable.

The seed

ripens abundantly, but

is

we

do not

know where

to be procured true

as

that generally sold in the seed-shops for /. odorata

the seed of /. pinnata.

4.

IBERIS AMARA,

Lin.

THE BITTER CANDY TUFT.

I

Enoratino.

Eng.

Bot.

t.

52.
lanceolate, acute,

Flowers corymbose,
ginate.

finally racemose.

Pods orbicular, narrowly emar-

SpEcino Character.

Leaves

somewhat toothed.

(G. Don.)

Desceiption, &c.

little

plant about six inches high, with small tufts of white flowers, which have a

tendency to form racemes.

It

is

a native of England, and

is

found in considerable quantities in corn-fields, near

It is also in

Henley

in Oxfordshire, Wallingford in

Berkshire, and other places.

found wild in corn-fields in

its

nearly every part of Europe.

It is a pretty little plant,

its
it

and looks well

a garden, from

low and compact

habit of growth, and from the whiteness of

heads of flowers, which, though not large, are very numerous.

takes
its

The whole

plant has a bitter taste, from which

name.

6. IBERIS CORONARIA, D. Don.

Enoratings. Brit. Flow. Card., Second
fig. 5, in Plate 12.
Series,
t.

THE ROCKET CANDY TUFT.

dentated.

359

and our

Pods corymbose, acutely 2-lobed, margins eroded.crenated.

Seeds winged.

Stem

strictly

branched. Z). Don.

Spzciric Character.

Pubescent,

Leaves wedge-shaped, obtusely-

Description, &c.
feet high,

By

far the

most splendid of the genus.

The
five

plant,

if

carefully treated,

grows about two

branching widely, and each plant producing three or

racemes of flowers, the side ones being eight

72

THE

LADIES'

FLOWEErGARDEN
Large as these dimensions

or ten inches long, and the centre one ten inches or a foot.

may

seem, they are

by no

means uncommon.

A plant grown in a pot,

;

which was exhibited

in Oharlwood's shop in the

summer

of 1838,

was considerably

larger

and there waa a bed of these flowers at Claremont, (grown by the

less

late

gardener there,
larger.

Mr. M'Intosh,) not one of which was

plants were treated in the

than the

size

we

have mentioned, and some were much

These

manner abeady

directed for Iberis umhelkUa, being

left

sown

in

August or September, and

gradually thinned out six or saven times tiU the plants were

a foot and a half, or

two

feet asunder, so as to

allow them to be as near each other,

curious that but
little is

when fuUy

spread out, as they could be without touching.

It

is

rather

known
is

of the history of this splendid plant.

The only

British botanical periodical in

which

it

has been figured,

it is

Sweeps British Flower Garden ; and this was in 1836.

it is

In the description annexed

it is

to the figure,
it is

not stated of what country

a native, or when
it

it

was introduced ; but

suggested that
It

probably a hybrid between Iberis Loffoscana (to which

is

nearly allied) and some other species.

appears, however, to have been long in cultivation in France, as

as a variety of /. umlellata,
it

it is

mentioned in the

Bon

Jardinier for 1831,

and as being then cultivated by M.

Vibert, a Parisian nurseryman.

The French

call

Iheride Julienne, literally, the Bocket

Candy

Tuft.

OTHER KINDS OF
The
following kinds have
all

IBERIS.

been introduced, but as they are seldom grown in gardens, or sold in seed-shops,

we have

not thought

it

necessary to give lengthened details respecting them.

6. I. SPATULATA,

Berg.,

I.

COMOSA,

Willd.,

I.

ROTUNDIFOLIA, Lam.
by
the melting of the snow.
in 1820.

A native

of the Pyrenees, in calcareous stony places, irrigated at certain seasons six inches high,

The plant grows about

and the flowers are purplish.

It

was introduced

7. I. VIOLACEA, R. Br.

A very dwarf plant,

with violet-coloured flowers

introduced in 1782, but

its

native country

unknown.

I.

LAGASCANA,

Dec.

A native
in 1822.

of the mountains of Spain, resembling I. coronaria, but with

much

smaller flowers.

Introduced

9. I. PYRENAICA, Lap.

A native of
that species.

the Pyrenees, with white racemose flowers, probably the same as I. Loffoscana, or a variety of

It

grows a

foot high, with

an

erect,

branched, reddish stem.

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

73

GENUS
ARABIS,
Un.
Obneric Character.
Syst.
flat,

IV.

L.

THE WALL-CRESS.
tiie

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
with a nerve in

Silique

linear; valves

middle of each.

Seeds in one row in each

cell.

(G. Don.)
clasping
shorter

1. ARABIS VERNA, R.
Stnonymes.
ritis

Br.
Tur-

THE SPRING WALL-CRESS.

Specific

Hcsperis
Lam.

verna,

i.

Arabis violacca, Mcench.

Character.

Stem
3-parted

leaves
hairs.

cordate,

the

stem,

purpurea.

toothed, scabrous with

t.

Pedicels

than the

Engravings.

Bot. Mag.
&c

3331

and

om fig.

8, in Plate 13.

calyx.

Stigma somewhat emarginate,

(G. Don.)
which are produced
in

Description,
It is

A pretty little annual,

with very bright purple flowers, which are whitish in the centre.
;

common

in the South of Europe, particularly near Naples

efiect.

where

its tufts

of flowers,
;

great abundance in March, have a very good

it

It
;

was

first

introduced in I7IO
it

but having been long

lost,

was re-introduced by Professor Tenore, of Naples The name of

this species is in

who

sent seeds of

to the Glasgow Botanic Garden in

1833.

most nurserymen's catalogues; but we have never been able to get the

OTHER KINDS OF ARABIS.

The other annual
catalogues
;

species of Arabia are seldom

grown

in gardens,

though they are generally found in seedsmen'ii

we

shall therefore

say only a few words on each.

A.

STENOPETALA,
The

Willd.

A native of Kamtschatka, introduced in

A native A
of the South of
A.

1826.
A.

flowers are white, with very long petals.

Link.

UNDULATA,

Europe
L.

somewhat resembling the

common
Hooh.

wall-cress of the gardens, A. alhida.

THALIANA,

SISYMBRIUM THALIANUM,
little

COMMON THALE

CRESS.
roofs,

native of Britain.

A very pretty delicate

soil.

white flower, found generally on walls or cottage

or on banks of dry gravelly

A.

PENDULA,
j

L.

A native of Siberia, but found also in North

and drooping pods.

America

introduced in 1752.

This species has white flowers

GENUS
KONIGA,
R. B.

V.

THE SWEET ALYSSUM.

of the

Lin. Syst.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

Funicle aduato to the base cells. Generic Character. Silicic sessile, somewhat ovate, with flattish valves, and one or many-sceded i)o.) Seeds usually marginate. Calyx spreading. Petals quite entire. Filaments toothless.-(G. dissepiment.

1.KONIGA MARITIMA, R. Br.

Synonymes. Alyssum caiycinum, fi-oW.
A. niaritimum, torn.
Lindl.

THE

SEA-SIDE KONIGA,
Engravings
t.

OR SWEET ALYSSUM.
t.

A. halimifolium, Cwrrts.
Glyce maritima,

Bot. Mag.

101;

Eng. Bot. 2ad.

edit.

vol. v.

Lcpidium

fragrans, fFiWrf.

919

and our /^r.

9, in Plate 13.

Clypeola maritima, Lin.

Lobularia maritima, Desf.

Specific

Character

Cells 1-seedcd.

(G. Don.)
it

Description, &c.

Perhaps no plant had ever more

we have
given
it

botanical

names than

this

and as

is

generally called

Alyggum calycinum

in the nurseries,

that

name on our

plate; though

we have

here adopted

74
the

THE
name now
generally applied to
it

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
It is also frequently called

in botanical books.

Alysium haHmi/olium

in

the nurseries.

The genus Koniga was separated by Dr. Brown from that of Alyssum, on account

of the stamens

being toothless, instead of toothed like the other kinds of Alyssum, the petals entire instead of emarginate, and

some other

slight differences, only to be detected

by the eye

of a botanist.

It

is

a pretty
it

little

plant, very hardy,

and the seeds are generally so good, that every one sown will come up.
edgings to beds in gardens.
It is also
it

This renders

very suitable for making

It
is

very sweet, having a fragrance like

new

hay.

found wild on the

shores of the Mediterranean, where

cliflfe

becomes shrubby ; and

it

has been found (either wild or naturalised) on

and stony places near the

sea, in

Aberdeenshire, Devonshire, and Cornwall.

There are two

varieties of

it

one a native of the Canary Islands, and the other with variegated leaves, both of which are grown in England
as greenhouse shrubs. It

may

be sown in March, April, or May, in the open borders

and will continue in flower

from July to September.

Seeds

may

be obtained at any seedsman's.

GENUS
VESICARIA, Lam.
Lin. Spst.

VI.

THE VESICARIA.
Seeds numerous, more than
8.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
Petals entire.

GBi^eric Character.

Silicic globose, inflated

valves hemispherical.

{G.Don.)

1.VESICARIA GRANDIFLORA, Hook.

EwoRATiNGS

THE LARGE FLOWERED VESICARIA.

flowered.
partly

Bot. Mog.

t.

34fi4

and

avLifig. 1, in Plate 13.

Petals rounded, spreading, with very short claws.

Pod

Specific Character.

Stellately

pubescent.

Stem

erect, flexible.

suFrounded by a membrane, globose, very smooth, containing

seeds, larger than the style.

Leaves oblong.

Root-leaves subulate, pinnatifid, petiolated.

Stem-

Stigma

cipitate.

{Hook.)

leaves sinuately-dentate, and sessile.

Racemes elongated, and many-

Description, &c.

very showy flower, discovered in Texas, Mexico, by

;

M.

Berendieri, in

1828.

No
seeds

seeds were then sent to

Europe

but in 1834,

it

was again discovered by Mr. Drummond, from whom

It
is

were received at the Glasgow Botanic Garden, in 1835.

a handsome plant, with

brilliant
it is

yellow flowers.
this bladdery

The seed-pods

are curious, as they look like

little

globes, or rather bladders;

and
is

from

appearance of the seed-pods, that the genus takes the

gardens, from the great abundance of
also continue elongating,

name

of Veskaria.

This

a valuable plant for flower-

its flowers, their brilliant colour,

and their long duration.

The raceme

will

and

fresh

buds opening at the summit, while below, where the petals have dropped,

they have been succeeded by the globe-like seed-pods.

soil

The

size of the flowers

may

be greatly increased by rich

and cultivation

and under favourable circumstances, the raceme has been known to grow from eight or ten

mches

to a foot long.

The stems

are generally so

weak

as to require support,

and

as there are frequently several

from the same

root, the plant

is

may be

trained so as to form a large and

;

handsome bush.

The

species having only

been introduced in 1835,

principal seed-shops.

yet rather scarce

but seeds

may

be procured from Mr. Charlwood, and at the

2.- VESICARIA GRACILIS, Hook.

Engravings. Bot. Mag.
Specific
scabrous.

THE SLENDER

VESICARIA,
Raceme
elongated.

Character.

3S33 and our^. 2, in Plate 13. Mauy-stemmed. Stalks filiform, rigid,

t.
;

spathulate, petioles entirely bare.

ing, obcordate, almost sessile.

Petals spread*

Silicles globose,

membranaceous, very

Leaves lanceolate, entire or subangulate, lower ones sub-

smooth, and four-seeded.

Stylo capitate.

{Hook.)

Description,
flowers,

&c

light graceful plant,

with very slender thread-like stems, and small bright yellow

all

which are produced in succession nearly

the

summer ; and which

are succeeded

by very

small, and

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS
quite

75
lie

round seed-pods.

The stems

are so very small

suitable
for

and weak, that they

It

on the ground
in

if

not supported

and

this habit

makes the plant very

its

rock-work.

was discovered

Texas at the same time as

Seeds

V. grandiflora, and

seeds were sent

home by Drummond with

those of that species in 1835.

may

be

procured at Charlwood's.

GENUS

VII.

STREPTANTHUS,
Lin. Syst.

Nutt.

THE STREPTANTHUS.
pressed.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
Seeds in one
series,

Generic Ciiaracter.
saccate at the base.

Sepals of

the calyx erect, acuminate, coloured,

compressed, marginate.

Cotyledons

Filaments of the stamens awl-shaped and short.

Siliques very

lying down.

Flowers purplish.

(Hook,)

Anthers

elongated, acuminate.

long, 4-sidedly

com-

Description, &c.

A new genus of hardy and very ornamental plants, natives of North America
which are annuals.

the only

species yet discovered of

They are very

unlike most other cruciferous plants in their flowers,

but agree with them

in their long siliques or seed-pods.

it

They bear

considerable resemblance to the genua

Morkandia ; but on examination

saccate, at the base,

will be found that the sepals of the calyx are hollow, or

what

botanists call

and that the petals have very long claws, each of which has a pecuhar
of the genus,

twist.

This twist

is

alluded to in the
species from

name

which

is

combined of

strepho., to

twist or turn, and

is

anthos, a flower.

The

which the genus was constituted by Nuttall,

in

North America,

called

Sfreptanthm maculatm,

and has not yet been introduced into England.

1. STREPTANTHUS OBTUSIFOLIUS, Hook.

THE BLUNT-LEAVED STREPTANTHUS, OR THE

;

ARKANSA CABBAGE.
Engravings
Specific

Bot. Mag. 3317

and omfig.

3, in Plate 13.

Character.

Leaves

elliptic,

very obtuse; deeply two-lobed at the base; stem-clasping.

{Hook.)

Description, &c.

A showy

plant with rose-coloured flowers, having each a very dark red spot at the base.
petals, are sharply pointed,

The calyx

leaves or sepals,

which are of the same colour as the

and swell out below,

to

so as to give the flower a very singular shape.

The

leaves are of a bluish green,

and so deeply lobed as

make

the stem apjjcar to be growing out of the middle of them.

anthers,

The

filaments of the stamens are very short, and the

which are of a dark purple, are remarkably long and sharp-pointed.

and having
is

The seed-pod

is

from three inches

flat

to four inches long, very narrow,

distinctly four sides

and the

seeds,

which are numerous, are

sent to Sir

with

a distinct margin.

Altogether the plant

a very remarkable one.

The seeds were

W.

J.

Hooker,

early in 1833, from the hot springs of the

Arkansa

territory,

under the name of the Arkansa cabbage.

Seeds are not common, but

The
be

plant

is

quite hardy, and

may

bo sown in the open border in April or May.

may

procured at Charlwood's.

2. STREPTANTHUS
Engravings. Bot. Mag.
Specific
t.

HYACINTHOIDES,
4, in Plate 13.

Hook.
I

THE HYACINTH-LIKE STREPTANTHUS.

linear, with

Character.

Loaves

3516; and awv fig.

a reflexed limb.

Filaments short, one pair united and

oblong, linear, acuminate.

Petals

abortive.

Flowers pendulous.

{Hook.)

Description, &c.

This

species

is still less

like a cruciferous plant It is

than the other, as the flowers bear a great

it

resemblance to those of a small hyacinth.

a native of Texas; from which country

Seeds L 2

was

sent

by

Drummond,

in 1835, to the

Glasgow Botanic Garden.

may

be obtained at Charlwood's.

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

76

GENUS
MORICANDIA,
Lin. Syst.

VIII.

Dec.

THE MORICANDIA. (G. Don.)

Stem-leaves

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
Seeds disposed
iu

GiNDUC Cmiuctdi.

ESlique tetragonal,

somewhat

2-e<Igcd.

two rows.

Calyx bisaccate

at the base.

1. MORICANDIA ARVENSIS,
Sykonymes.
In

Dec.

THE FIELD MORICANDIA.

Sprcific

Brassica arrensis,

Linn.

Turritis arvensis,

R, Br.

Character.

Pods
entire.

somewhat
{^Hook.)

tetragonal.

Hort. Kew.

cordate, stem-clasping,
t.

and

Engr* VINOS. -Bot. Mag.

3007

and our

fig.

11, in Pi. 13.

Description, &c.
beautiful
;

Strongly

resembling at the

first

glance Stxeptanthus ohtudfolitis, though

different.

it

is

more

and when closely examined, the construction will be found very

;

The The

flowers are large and

lilac,

handsome

and

tliey are disposed at

some distance apart along a terminal raceme.

It
is

petals are

with a

bright crimson stain at the base of each.

a native of Greece, and the shores of the Mediterranean, and quite

(in 1739),
it is

hardy

but though

it

waa introduced just a hundred years ago

at other seed-shops.

very

little

known.

Seeds

may

be

had

at Charlwood's,

and

GENUS
HELIOPHILA,
Lin. Syst.

IX.

N. Burm.

THE HELIOPHILA.
Calyx equal
at the base.

TETRADYNAMIA SILiyUOSA.
{G. Don.")

Generic Chajucter.

Silique elongated.

1.HELIOPHILA ARABOIDES,
Synonymes. H.
Engravings.
Specific
pilosa,

Sims.
Lin.

THE ARABIS-LIKE OR CLUB-POINTED HELIOPHILA.

mucronate.
times simple.

Bot. Mag.

Dec.
t.

H.
j

intcgrifolia,

Leaves

linear, fleshy;

sometimes

trifid at top,

and some-

Character

496

and out Jig. 7,

in Plate 13.

[Sims.)

Siliques

round, uneven, club-pointed, and

Description, &c.
native of the

A very beautiful

little

plant with pale-blue flowers, and very slender stems.

It should be raised

It is a

Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced in 1768.

it

on a hot-bed

if

wanted to

flower early, or

may

be sown in the open border in May.

It likes a

warm open

situation, as is implied

by

its

name, Heliophila signifying a lover of the sun.

HELIOPHILA DIGITATA,
H.
coronopifolia,
t.

Lin.

THE FINGER-LEAVED HELIOPHILA.

I

Synonyme.

Thun.

Specific Character.

Engraving.

Bot. Reg.
much

Stem
it is

hispid

from spreading

hairs.

Pods linear.

838.

Leaves oval,

entire, or here

and there grossly toothed.

(G. Don.)
The

Description, &c.
stems are, however,

Greatly resembling the

stronger,

preceding species, of which

probably only a variety.

and the plant more decidedly

prostrate.
It is

From

this habit of growth, its

bright-blue flowers produce a beautiful effect

when grown

in masses.

a native of the Cape of Good Hope,

whence

it

was introduced

in 1819.

We

do not

know where

seeds are to be procured, but the specimen figured

in the Botanical Register for

182 i, was grown

in Colvill's nursery, King's

Road, Chelsea.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

77

3.HELIOPHILA STRICTA,
Engkayikgs

Sims.
I

UPRIGHT HELIOPHILA.
upper ones linear, quite entire.

Bot.

Mag.

t.

2526; and our ^(/.

6, in Plate 13.

tifid,

Pods

straight,

Specific Character.

Leaves

mucronate,

hairy, lower ones lanceolate, pinna-

pubescent.

(G. Don,)
stiff

Description, &c.
growth.
It
is

This

is

a curious

little

plant with very dark blue flowers, and a

in

upright habit of

a native of the Cape of

Good Hope, and was introduced

1820.

We do not know where seeds

are to be procured.

OTHER SPECIES OF HELIOPHILA.

Besides the above, there are sixteen other species of Heliophila which are

marked

as having been introduced.

They

are all natives of the

Cape

of

Good

Hope, and are said to bear a general resemblance to each other, differing
which are white, pink, purple, and blue.

principally in the colour of their flowers,

We do not

think

it

necessary

to enter into details respecting them, as they do not appear to have been figured in

any botanical

periodical,

and as

their

names are not

in

any of the seedsmen's catalogues.

GENUS
SCHIZOPETALON,
Lin. Syst.

X.

Sims.

THE SCHIZOPETALON.
(G.
Don.)

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
4, spirally twisted.

Generic Character.

Cotyledons

Petals pinnatifid.

1. SCHIZOPETALON
Engravings.

WALKERl,
7S2.
Sweet's Brit.

Sims.

WALKER'S SCHIZOPETALON.
Pedicels each furnished with a linear braotea.

Bot. Mag.
t.

t.

2379
;

Bot. Reg.

t.

white, in long racemes.

Flow. Card. 2nd Scries,

Specific Character.

387

and

am Jig.

5, in Plate 13.

Leaves

(G. Don.)
Flowers

alternate, sinuately pinnatifid.

Description, &c.
it

A very remarkable
The stem
is
is

plant, with fragrant white flowers,

petal.

from the curious shape of which

;

takes

its

name, Schizopetalon signifying cut

The

leaves are also cut

and the whole plant

;

is

covered

over with short forked hairs.

that of a

rather slender, and requires support

and the
its

root,

which resembles
It is a
It

young

carrot,

very long, and furnished with a deep fringe of fibres at

lower extremity.
its

native of Chili, from

is

which country Mr. Walker of Arno's Grove, near Hornsey, received

seeds in I82I.

hardy, and will sometimes

grow well

in the open border, while at others,

it

dies off
soil

without any apparent

it

cause.

The reason

of this is the length of its root,

which requires a
soil

light

sandy

that

can easily penetrate.

or

To

raise this plant, the seeds

should be sown in light sandy

where they are

to remain

sown

in pots in a

hotbed, and
hole

when planted out

the whole of the earth should be taken out of the pot together, and planted in a

made

in the border,
;

without disturbing the roots in the slightest degree.

The

seeds should be

sown

thickly,

and not thinned out

they are rather scarce, as they will only ripen in

last,

warm dry summers, but we

procured
;

some from Mr. Charlwood in March

while others came

which, sown in a pot in a hotbed, came up very well in about a week

in the

up

in about three

weeks

open ground.

78

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS XL
BISCUTELLA,
Lin.

THE BUCKLER MUSTARD.

Style long, permanent.

Lin. Syat.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
Embryo inTerted.(G. Don.)

Generic Chaiucter

Silicle flat, biscntate.

Cells adnate laterally to the axis.

1.BISCUTELLA HISPIDA,
erigerifolia,

Dec.
\

THE HAIRY BUCKLER MUSTARD.

Specific

B. macrocarpa, Hort. B. Hort. B. 2444. Mag. Engraving.

Sywokymes.
?

auriculata, Lin.

? 15

Character.

Calyx

acutely

2-8pun'ed.

Pod smooth,

Dec.

coronopifolia,
t.

rough in the centre from elevated dots, not overhanging the style at the
top.

Bot.

Stem

hispid.

(G. Don.)
common
mustard,

Description, &c.

little plant,

with bright yellow flowers, very much like those of the

and very curious

seeds, that look like

all

two

little shields

fastened together.

There are several kinds named in the

seed catalogues, but they

appear to be varieties of one kind.

The

seeds should be

sown

in a light

sandy
Seeds

soil,

at any time during the spring and summer, and they will generally flower six weeks after sowing.

may

be procured in any seed-shop, as they ripen abundantly.

GENUS

XII.

MENONVILLEA,
Lin. Syst.

Dec.

THE MENONVILLEA.
into a wing, ending in the parallel disk.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
CelU with the margin expanded

Grnkric Character.

Style somewhat stipitate, biscntate.

(G. Don.)

1. MENONVILLEA FILIFOLIA,

Fisch. et Meyer.

THE THREAD-LEAVED MENONVILLEA.

Series,
t.

Engraving. Sweet's Brit. Flow. Card., Second

Specific Character.

371.

Leaves

thread-like, undivided or laciniated.

Description, &c.
of no great beauty
;

slender but rigid plant, growing erect about a foot high.

The

flowers are white,

and
in

the leaves are long and narrow like grass.

It is a native of Chili,

and was introduced

1837 by A. B. Lambert, Esq., who received the seeds from the Botanic Garden
light

at St. Petersburg.

It requires a

loamy

soil, arid

similar treatment to Schizopetalon, but

we

do not

know where

to procure seeds.

GENUS
CAKILE, Toum.
Lin. Syst.

XIII.

THE SEA ROCKET.

Seeds solitary in the
cells,

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
upper joint ensiform.
pendulous.

Gkneric Character.

Silicle two-jointed, compressed,

upper one erect, lower one

(G. Don.)

1. CAKILE MARITIMA,
Sybonymes
Bunias Cakile, Lin.
Isatis pinnata,

Scop.
Rapis-

THE COMMON SEA ROCKET.

Specific Character.
parted.

Forsk.

Upper

joint of

pod ensiform. Leaves pinnate-

trum maritimum. Berg.

Engravings. Eng. Bot.
t.

(G. Don.)
Its

231

2nd. Edit., vol. v.

t.

891.

Description, &c.

A very ornamental

British plant, found on the sea-shore.

stem

is

much branched

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
and bushy, and
large
its

79

branches spreading or zigzag.

in

Its leaves are of a bluish green,

and

its flowers,
soil,

wliich are

and handsome, and produced

till

bushy racemes,

are purple or white.

It requires a

sandy

and flowers

from June

September.

GENUS XIV.

mCOTIA,

Lin.

THE RICOTIA, OR SYRIAN HONESTY.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
Valves
flat.

Lin. Syst.

Ofneric Character.

Silicle sessile, oblong, adult

ones 1-celled, in consequence of the dissepiment having vanished.

Petals emarginate.

Calyx

valvular, bigibbous at the base.

Stamens toothle8s.^-(G. Don.')

1. RICOTIA LUNARIA,
Stnonymes.

Dec.

SYRIAN HONESTY.
t.

R. ^gyptiaca, Lam. Bot.

Reg. 49
;

Lunaria Ricotia, Gcertn. Car-

Series,

411.

daminc Lunaria, L.
Engravings.
Sweet's Brit. Flow. Gard. Second
little

Specific

Character.

sinuated, angular.

Leaves (G. Don.)

almost bipinnate.

Lobes oblong,

Description, &c.

A pretty
by

plant with dark purple flowers, resembling in every respect, except colour,

those of the Virginia stock.

It is a native of Syria,

and was

first

introduced in 1757.
its

It

was soon

after lost,

and has since been frequently introduced, and

lost after
;

a season or two, from

not ripening

its seeds.

It is

now grown

successfully

Messrs. Booth of
it

Hamburgh

Mr. George Booth having

seeds should be

collected the seed

on rocky

situations in Palestine,

where

flowers in April.
is,

The

sown very thickly on rock-work in

autumn ; and

in favourable situations, that

such as are

warm and

dry, the rock- work

wiU be covered with a

profusion of flowers, which from their dark purple, and white centre, will have a very striking efiect.

GENUS XV.

ERYSIMUM,

Gcert.

THE TREACLE MUSTARD.

Lin. Syit.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
Calyx dosed.
Cotyledons
flat,

Generic Character.

Silique tetragonal.

oblong.

(Z>ec.)

1. ERYSIMUM

PEROWSKIANUM,
vol.
iii.

Fisch. et Meyer.

PEROWSKI'S ERYSIMUM, OR THE PALESTINE

toothed.

TREACLE MUSTARD.
Engravings.
PI. 13.
Si'tciFic

Floral Cabinet,
Leaves

p.

19

and oat fig. 10,

in

Petals obovate.

Seed. vessel bowed.

et West.)

Sligmata some-

what globose, fleshy.

[Know,

Characteh.

petiolate,

lanceolate,

remotely

Description, &c.
flowers.

rather coarse-growing plant, with very large

it

and showy bright orange, or golden yellow

It
is

is

a native of India, whence

in all the

was

sent to St. Petersburgh, and afterwards to English Gardens, in 1838.

catalogues,

The name

uow

London nurserymen's
is

and seeds may probably be procured

in every part of
specific

Great Britain.

The plant

quite hardy, and requires no particular care in its cultivation.

The

name

is

pronounced Perofskianum.

>.

80

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

CHAPTER

IX.

CAPPARIDE.E.
EssENTUi Character.
petals.

Corolla of 4 to 6 Calyx of 4 to 6 Bcpals. Stamens 6 or more, almost perigynous, rarely tctradynamous.

stipe of

one-eelled capsule which opens at top, or a one-celled many-seeded

berry.

Placentas inter-valvular.

(G. Don.)
common
caper,

Torus usually glandular;

ovarium

slender.

Fruit a siliquose

Description, &c.

Most of the plants belonging

to this order are shrubby, like the It is

and

it

only contains a few annuals, most of which belong to the genus Cleome.
the seeds of the caper, and the genera most nearly allied to
species
it,

somewhat remarkable, that while

different

are apt soon to

become rancid ; those of the

state for several years,

of the genus Cleome, and of the other annuals, will keep in a vegetative

and
all

may
very

thus be easily introduced from any part of the world.

splendid,

The annual

plants belonging to this order are

and many of them hardy, though but very few of them have been introduced.

GENUS

I.

CLEOME,
Lin.
Si/sl.

Lin.

THE CLEOME.

TETRA-HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
sepals.

Generic Character.

Calyx of 4-8preading nearly equal

free.

Petals 4.

Receptacle somewhat hemispherical.

Stamens

6, rarely

4,

Silique stipitate, or sessile.

(G. Don.)

1.CLEOME SPINOSA,
SvNONYME.
Engravings.

Sims.

THE SPINY CLEOME.

Cleome pungens, Willd. Bot Mag. 1640 and our^y.

t.
;

with 5
6, in Plate 15.

7 leaflets.

Floral ones simple, sessile, and cordate.

stipe.

Silique

smooth and shorter than the

Specific Character.

Covered with

(G. Don.)
live out of the stove
;

clammy pubescence.

Leaves

Description, &c.

A very showy
sunny corner,
Indies,

annual, which
if

was formerly supposed not

to

but

which

is

now

found to succeed perfectly well

the latter end of

raised on a moderate hot-bed in

It requires a

February or March, and not

;

planted out

till

May or
it

June.

warm

sheltered situation

but

if

planted in front

of a south wall, or in a

will flower beautifully in

1

from July to September.

It

It is a native of

South

America and the West

and was introduced

731 .

may
first

be observed that the plants

now grown,

being brought from South America, are

much
all

hardier than those

introduced, which were brought from the

West

Indies.

Seeds

may

be obtained in

the seed-shops.

2. CLEOME PENTAPHYLLA,
Synosyme

Lin.

THE FIVE-LEAVED CLEOME.

leaflets,

Bot. Mag. 1681 and om Plate Specific Character. Smoothish. Leaves on the stem with Description, &c. A very beautiful species with
Enoravings.
t.
;

Gynandropsis pentaphylla, Dec.

Jig. 5, in

the lowest and floral ones with 3 leaflets.

serrated.

Leaflets entire,

and

IS.

somewhat
S

(G. Don.)

white flowers.

It

is

a native of India and South Amenca,

and

is

generally
it

grown

in the stove

but

may

be raised in a hot-bed, and planted out in a

It

warm dry
in

border,
seed-

where
shop.

will flower better

than in a hot-house.

was introduced

in 1640,

and seeds

may

be had

any

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

81

3. CLEOME ROSEA,
Bot. Reg. t. 980. Engraving, Unarmed, smooth. Specific Character

Vahl.

THE ROSE-COLOURED CLEOME.

I

^nd

floral

ones temate, tippermost ovate,

fiessile.

Silique

Bioroth,

Leaflets quinate, lower

length of stipe.

(G. Don.)
stiff

Description, &c.
coloured flowers.
Carter's,

An upright and rather

is

stiff plant,

growing about a foot and a half high, with

Seeds

rose-

It

a native of Rio Janeiro, introduced in 1824.

may

be had at Charlwood's, and at

Holborn.

OTHER SPECIES OF CLEOME.

The following
kinds, though
;

some of them much hardier than those we have enumerated, are not
in the

in

any

nurseryman's catalogue
case

but

we mention them

hope that a demand

may

be created for them, in which

nurserymen will take care soon to procure the

C.

seeds.

PUBESCENS,

Sims.

Bot.

Mag.

t.

1857.
it

This species has white flowers, and bears some general resemblance to C. pentaphylla, though
botanical construction.
it is

differs in

Its seeds

were sent to England from Paris,

in

1815

but

it is

not

known

of

what country

a native.

It is half hardy.

C.

SPECIOSISSIMA, Deppe.
;

Bot.

Mag.

t.

1312.
all

A splendid

plant with bright rose-coloured flowers

perhaps the handsomest of

It

the species.

native of
it

the country near

Xalapa

in

Mexico
air.

introduced in 1829.

may be

treated as a

common

border flower, and

will ripen its seeds in the

open

C.

MONOPHYLLA,

/.in.

native of Ceylon, with yellow flowers, and greenish blue anthers.

Introduced in 1759.

C.

TETRANDRA,

Banks.
is

native of

New

Holland, with yellow flowers, which would probably prove hardy in England, but which

not yet introduced.

C.

VIOLACEA,

Lin.

A native of Portugal,

quite hardy, introduced in 1776.

The
Lin.

flowers are purple, spotted with yellow.

C.

ARABICA,

A native
There are

of sandy places in Arabia.

;

Introduced in 1794.

The flowers

are white, with yellow veins, and

tinged with purple at the extremity

the filaments are yellow.

all

many

other kinds of Cleome,

beautiful

and well worthy of

cultivation.

They may

all

be sown
will then

on a hotbed early in Spring, and planted out into a

flower splendidly, and ripen abundance of seeds.
fore suitable for

warm dry

border about the middle of May.

They

The

seeds, as

akeady observed,

will

keep well, and are there-

being sent from a distant country.

}32

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

CHAPTER

X.

MALESHERBIACE^.
EssENTUL Characteh.
/obed.

Calyx

tubular,

membranous,

inflated, 5-

intervention of umbilical cords.

Styles 3, filiform, very long, arising

Lobe8 imbricated in

aestivation.

Petals 5, alternating with the

from

distinct points

of the apex of the ovarium.

Stigmas clavate.
less,

Bcgments of the calyx, persistent convulute in aestivation arising on the

outside of a short

Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 3-valved, membranous

seeded.

more or

many-

membranous
versatile.

rim or corona.

Stamens 5 or 10,

Seeds attached by umbilical cords to placentas arising either

their base.

perigynous.

Filaments filiform, distinct or connected with the stipe of

from the axis of the valves, or from

brittle,

Testa crustaceous,
round, in tbe

the ovarium.

Anthers

Ovarium

superior, stipate, l-celled,

with a fleshy crest, and no arillus.

Embryo

with the placentas at the base, from which the ovules arise by the

centre of fleshy albumen, with the radical next the hylum.

(G. Don.)

GENUS

I.

MALESHERBIA,

Buiz

et

Pavon.

THE MALESHERBIA.

lAn. Syst.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
that of the Order.

Gknekic Charactkb. The same as

1.MALESHERBIA CORONATA, D. Dm.

Ehoratimgs
Sweet's Brit. Flow. Qard., 2iid Series,
t.

THE CROWNED MALESHERBIA

linear, sinuately toothed
;

167

aud

Leaves

throat of the calyx dilated

crown

om Jig.

3, in Plate 15.

simple, toothed.

(G. Don.)

Specific

Craracter. Plant clothed with glandular pubescence.

Description, &c.
brought over by Mr.

A very singular and ornamental

in 1832.
places.

plant, a native of Chili at Valparaiso, raised from seeds

Hugh Cuming,

The

seeds are not

common

in the seed-shops, but they

may

be had

from Mr. Charlwood, and at some other

March, and placed in a hotbed
;

They should be sown

in pots in light rich earth, in February or

and when they come up they should be transplanted several times into

larger

and larger

pots,

till

the middle of
if

May,

or beginning of June, and then planted out into a rich,

warm, and

well-sheltered border, where,

allowed plenty of room, and occasionally watered, they will grow two feet or

three feet high, and spread in proportion, flowering abundantly.

2. MALESHERBIA LINEARIFOLIA,
Synonymes.
culata,

Pair.

THE LINEAR-LEAVED MALESHERBIA.

Spkcific Characteh

Gynopleura linearifolia, Cav.

Malesherbia pani-

Clothed with glandular pubescence.

Stipules tripartite.

Leaves

D. Don.

linear, toothed, stipulated at the base.

t.

Throat

of

ENaRAYiNGs.

Bot. Mag.
is

3362

and out fig. 4, in Plate 15.

the calyx dilated.

Ovarium subglobose.

(^Hook.)

Description, &c.
flowers.
It

A slender

delicate plant,

growing about a foot high, and bearing panicles of pale-blue

it

a native of the Andes, whence seeds of

were brought by Mr.

Hugh Cuming.
it

It flowered, for
in the green-

the

first

time in Britain, in September 1834, in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where

was kept
it

house.

From
if

the mountainous situation, however, which

it

occupies in

its

native country,

would probably

succeed well

sown

in

May in

the open ground in the neighbourhood of London.

"We do not know where seeds

are to be procured.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

83

CHAPTER

XI.

LINAGES.
EssENiiAt,

CnARACTEP_Sepal8 35.

Petals

3-5,

h.vpog>nons.

Stamens

35,

hypogynous, combined

at their bases.

Styles

3-5.

Capsule lO-cellcd.

Cells 2-6eeded.

Seeds compressed.

GENUS
LINUM,
Bauh.

I.

THE FLAX.

Lin.

St/St.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Petals 5.

ORMEaic Character. SopaU

5, entire.

Stamens

5.

Styles 5, rarely

or 3.

(G.Don.)

1.LINUM USITATISSIMUM,
Enoratings.
OUT fig.
1, in

Lin.

THE COMMON FLAX.

Sepals ovate, acute, or mucronate,
Petals ratLer crenated, three

Eng.

Bot.

t.

1357, 2nd Edition,

vol. iii.,t.

453

and

linear acute, panicle corymbose.

Plate 15.

with scarious or membranaceous margins.

Specific Character.

Plant

erect, glabrous.

Leaves lanceolate or

times larger than the calyx.

(G. Don.)
idea of the simple beauty of
;

Description, &o.

How many persons

it.

are there

who wear

linen,

who have no

the flower of the plant producing

The common
plant.
;

flax has large clear blue flowers

and where
is

it

is

allowed

room

to spread, it

makes a handsome

The
it

flax,

though now found wild in Britain,

its

supposed to have
earliest

been originally introduced from Egypt

period of civilisation. the plants

and

has been in cultivation for

fibre

from almost the

"When grown

entirely for its fibre, the seeds are

sown

as thickly as possible, in order that

;

may

be dravra up with long and slender stems, and have a

it is

fine fibre

and

this is the case in

Holland
for the

and the Netherlands, where

seed

cultivated extensively.

When
oil,

it is

grown partly

for its fibre,

and partly

which

is

called linseed,

and used to make linseed

to feed birds, &c., it is

is

sown much

thinner and

encouraged to form a branching head.

tied in bundles,

If the fibre be the sole object, the plant

;

pulled green and instantly

which are placed in water to macerate

but when the seeds are thought valuable, they are

snfiered to ripen,

and when the plant

is

pulled, the

head

is

drawn through an instrument

like a rake, or coarse laid in water.

;

comb, called a rippling machine, in order to separate the seeds from the stalks before they are

When

the stalk
is

is sufficiently

decayed for the fibrous matter to be separated,

it is

what

is

called dressed

that

is,

the fibre

separated from the

woody

part,

which

is

called the harl,

linen.

by

scutching, and hacking or breaking,

and

heckling or combing.

It is afterwards

spun and woven into

When grown

in gardens, the seeds should be

sown

as thinly as possible
;

and when the plants come up they

sufficient distance

should be thinned out, so as to leave only tliree in a patch

and these should stand at a

stiffi

asunder to allow them room to branch.

The

soil

should be deep, rich, and rather

84

THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN

2.LINUM VERTICILLATUM,
Specific

Lin.

THE WHORL ED-LEAVED, OR ROMAN FLAX.

Chaiucter.

Leaves

in

whorU,

linear-lanceolate, upper ones as well as the calyces villous.

(G. Don.)
all its parte,

Description, &c.

A pretty
in rich

delicate little plant, resembling the

common

flax,

but smaller in

and

-with

very pale flowers, which are rather of a French grey than blue.
those of any other in the seed-shops
;

The

seeds of this species axe

more

common than

and they require no particular care

in their culture, except

that they should be

sown

loamy

soil.

Like

all oily

seeds they do not keep well, so should be used as soon

as practicable after ripening.

The plant

is

a native of Italy, near

Eome

and the date

of its introduction is

unknown.

3.LINUM BERENDIERI,
Synoitvme.

Hook.

BERENDIER'S

YELLOW

FLAX.
Sepals

Engiuvings.
Specific

Bot. Mag. 3480 and o\afig. CHiaiCTEa. Stems angular, numerous

t.
;

L.

Plotzii,

Hook.
2, in Plate 15.

Leaves alternate, linear and smooth, mucronatc-acuminate, margin even.

Flowers sub-corymbose.

Bracteas lanceolate-acuminate, bristly.

and branching.

roughly seiTulated at the margin.

Capsules globose acute.

Hook.)

Desceiption, &c.

A very beautiful yellow-flowered

was sent by Mr.
its

flax,

growing about a

foot high.

native of Mexico,
It requires a rich

from which country

light soil
;

it

Drummond

in 1835 to the
it

Glasgow Botanic Garden.

and to blossom at

natural season, March,

should be sown the previous August or September,

glass.

either in the

open ground covered with Utter, or in pots under

It succeeds very well, however, if

sown

in

March

or April,

when

it

will blossom in August.

Seeds

may

be had at Charlwood's, and other seed-shops,

alluded to of sowing
it

where

it is

frequently called a biennial, from the practice

we have

in the

autumn.

4.LINUM GEANDIFLORUM,

Decaisne.

THE LARGE FLOWERED FLAX.

Flowers terminal
;
;

Enchavings. Revue Horticole, 3rd series, vol. ii. t. 24; and our/y. 8, in PI. 15. Specific Character. Stem glabrous, cylindrical, leafy. Leaves

flowering brandies linear-oblong, accuminate.

peduncles upright, cylindrical

dentated.

segments of the calyx unequal, oval,

acute, keeled, the inner ones membranaceous at the base, and finely

of the sterile branches oblong, obtuse, almost sessile

those of the

Description, &c.

This very showy plant

sovm very

is

a native of the country near Algiers, whence

it

was introduced
about
tlie

in

1848.
October.

It begins to flower about the middle of July,

and continues producing blossoms

till

end of

The

seed should be

early in the spring.

OTHER SPECIES OF ANNUAL FLAX.

The following
species are all very ornamental
;

and they are

all said

to have been introduced, but

we do

not

know where

seeds of

them

are to be procured.

L. Gallicum, Lin.

native of France and Spain.

A low-growing plant with yellow flowers.

;

Introduced

in

1777.

L. Aureum, Walds.
in 1820.

et Kit.

A very low

plant, with golden yellow flowers

a native of Hungary.

Introduced

L. Virginianum, Lin.

native of North America on dry sunny hiUs, with small pale yellow flowers.

L. Striatum, Walt,

A native of Carolina, with striped blue and white flowers.

Introduced in 1817.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

05

CHAPTER
Essential Character.

XII.

CISTACE^.

Calyx

of five unequal sepals.

1

Petals five.

Stamens

definite or indefinite,

5-celUd, many-seeded.

Lypogynous.

Capsule 3

6-valved

Placentas parietal.

[G. Don.)

GENUS

I.

HELIANTHEMUM,
Lin.
St/St.

Tourn.

THE SUN-ROSE.
Capsule triquetrous,
l-celle'd,

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
3-valvcd,
-vrith

Oknkric Chiracter.

Caljx

of three equal sepals or of five unequal sepals.

a narrow dissepiment

or a placentarious nerve in the middle of eacli valve.

(G. Don.)
Racemet
sejuils

]. HELIANTHEMUM GUTTATUM,
Synonymes.
Engkavings

Mill.
line,ir,

THE SPOTTED SUN-ROSE.

3-ncrved, villously-hairy, uppermost ones alternate.
bractless.

Cistus

guttatus,

Lin.

C. acuminatus, Viv.
edition, vol.
v. t.

Eng. Bot. 544, 2nd

758

and
|

loose,

Pedicels filiform, almost naked

outer

one

omfig.

7, in

Plate 15.

Specific Charcter.

Rather

half shorter than the inner ones.

hairy.

(G. Don.)
which
it

Leaves opposite,

sessile,

oblong-

Description, &c.
belongs.

A very
its

pretty

little
it,

flower, almost the only annual of all the extensive genus to

differing

There are several

varieties of

very

little

from each other.

It

is

a native of Britain and

the whole of

Europe ;

seeds

may

be had in any seed-shop, and they

may

be sown in March or April.

CHAPTER
Essential Character.

XIII.

VIOLACE^.

Sepals

5, equal or unequal.

Corolla spurred,

irregular

flowers

are furnished with an append.'^e

each,

which aie

of 5 petals, regular or irregular.

Stamens

5, perigynous.

Filaments

drawn within the spur.

seeded.

Capsule one-celled, three-valved,

many-

drawn out

eai^h into

a scale beyond the anther; two of the filaments in

Placentas three, parietal.

(G. Don.)

GENUS
VIOLA,
Lin.
Sffsl.

I.

Tourn.

THE VIOLET.
anterior anthers furnished with long awl-like appendages.
triagonal.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
at

Generic Character.
the base

Calyx with unequal

sepals, all

drawn out
petal

Capsule

more

or less into ear-lil<e appendages.

Lower

drawn

Valves opening with

elasticity.

(G. Don.)

out at the base into a hollow spur.

Stamens appro.\imate, the two

VIOLA TRICOLOR,

Lin.

THE THREE-COLOURED VIOLET, OR COMMON HEARTSEASE.

ii. i.

Engravings
Varieties.

Eng. Bot.

t.

1287, 2nd
14.
;

edit. vol.

333; and our

above

{fig- 7),
others.

which are
best

all

old kinds, and to which

in
;

may

be added

many

fios. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6,

and 7, in Plate
are very

The

new kinds

These

numerous

amounting indeed

to

Victoria with a white ground

fine

1838, we are told by Mr. Hopgood, wero Trafalgar straw colour and purple ; Venus
purple;

a thousand, most of which can scarcely be called varieties, as they are

in fact hybrids

eye;

Chimpanzee

fine

Gem; and Desdemona

little

superb

between the annual species V.

tricolor,

and the perennial

part.ike

yellow.

To

these might be added

it

many

others, but as fresh ones are

kinds V. grandiflora, V. altaica, V. amcena, &c.

in 80

These hybrids

brought forward every season,

would be of

use to enumerate

much

of the character of V. tricolor, that they will all blossom

;

them.
Specific Character.
diffuse.

about two months after sowing their seed

the perennial about them, that they

while they have so mucli of

propagated by cuttings, &c.,
the varieties

Root

somewhat fusiform.

Stems branched,
Stipules run.

may be

Lower

leaves ovate-cordate, deeply crenate.

and thus kept alive several years.

tivation are, Allen's

Among

now

in cul-

ciatcly-pinnatifid, with the

middle lobe crenated.

Petals incumbent,
;

John Bull

{fig. 4), Allen's

Enterprise (Jig. 6), Fairburn's

Anna Maria

{Jig. 3),

Minerva (fy. 5), Brown's Tiger,

with short claws

short.

spur thick, obtuse, not stretched out

noctariei

Seeds oblong-ovate.

(G. Don.)
;

Description, &e.

The

flowers of the wild Heartsease consist of five petals

the

two upper of which are

and the

much

larger than the lower ones,

and of a

different colour.

The two upper

petals are generally purple,

fiQ

THE
;

LADIES'

FLOWER GARDEN
What
are very

three lower ones yellow

the centre one being broader than the others, and streaked with dark brown.
leaf,

appear to be the leaves, consist each of one long real

curiously formed
liairs.
;

and two deeply cut

stipules.
all

The stamens

they have no filaments, but two of them have long taUs, and they are
is

bordered by a fringe of
is is

The

style

short, fleshy, and funnel-shaped

is

and at the top there

is

a hole, to which there

a small
carrot-

lip.

The seed-pod
;

oblong, and
it

when

ripe, it splits into three parts to discharge the seeds.

The

root

shaped

and

if

eaten,

acts as an emetic.
its

This heartsease, notwithstanding

unpretending, that
eases
it is

curious internal construction,

is

so small, so simple,

and apparently so
called Hearts-

scarcely possible to imagine that the large

it.

and magnificent flowers now

tells us,

by

florists,

can have sprung fi-om

" The cultivated heartsease," Mr. Gorrie

circle,
;

" should have large

and round

petals, the flower

forming nearly a

not

much undulated

the colours distinct and permanent

;

the eye rather small, and not deeply pencilled

the flower-stalk strong and straight

and the stigma

filling

the
it

open part of the eye." {Gard. Mag.

viii.

p. 575.)

Though

this

change

is

entirely the result of cultivation,

soil,

must not be supposed that the mere circumstance

carefully watering
it,

of transplanting a wild heartsease into rich garden

and

&c., will at once change it into a florist's flower.

;

This

is

only the

first

step.

Seeds are
thus

taken from a plant thus improved, and grown with great care
raised, are selected to yield seed in their turn.

and the largest and

finest of the seedlings

Sometimes hybrids are raised by fecundating the stigma of one

possess, in a great degree, the qualities of both parents.

kind by the pollen of another ; and these plants generally

Viola grandiflora
is

frequently used for producing hybrids with the

is

common

heartsease
is

and

this species has very

large flowers, which peculiarity

flowers, the

preserved in

all its seedlings.

V. amcena

another parent, with very large

;

upper petals of which are of dark purple, and the lower ones of a paler bluish tinge
it,

and

all

the

hybrids raised partly from

ease,

preserve these peculiarities more or

;

less.

The descendants

of the

common

hearts-

have dark purple and bright yellow flowers

and those of V.

lutea are generally nearly all yellow, with

blackish, branched radiating lines. petals are generally

The hybrids
at the

raised from V. altaica are of a very pale yellowish

hue ; and the

somewhat undulated

margin

those from V. rothomagemis or hispida are of a pale

bluish

lilac,

and those from V.

hicolor are white, slightly

veined with purple, and tinged with yellow at the base.

All these kinds, of course, vary very

called sub-hybrids,

much

as these hybrids are

made

parents, in their turn, of

it

what may be

and these again of

There are

others.

The number

of varieties of heartsease,
;

will thus be seen,

may

be said to be unlimited.

now

above a thousand named sorts

and more are being raised every year.

seed, is indeed so great, that

The variety

of forms

and colours which appear in the plants raised from

few
for

floricultural pursuits

can be more interesting, than to sow a bed of pansies, and watch

when they come up

the
this

new

varieties that
;

may
or

be worth saving.

Mr. Wells of Redleaf had a garden

set apart for

experiments of

kind

and a year

two

ago, he described to us with so

much

vividness the pleasure he took in looking over

his beds for

new

kinds, that he

made us long

for

a garden with

sufficient space to follow his

example.

Even

at

Bayswater, however, in the gardens of our neighbour, Mr. Hopgood,

almost innumerable varieties.

who

raises heartseases for sale,

we have

seen

During the year 1838, we saw them splendidly

in flower from

March

to October

and we observed that some few flowers, here and

there, lingered through the winter of 1838-39.

is

Geography and History.

The

heartsease

a native of nearly all Europe and North America.

fields.

It grows

always in sandy loam, and generally in the headlands, and under the hedges in cultivated
anecdote related of the
first

curious

American botanist Bertram, bears reference

to this habitat of the plant,

Bertram

fi

13

.Mt^na^

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
was a farmer, and one day while standing on the headland in one of
tions,

87

his fields, superintending

some farming operaand thoughtlessly

which were carrying on

off its petals,

in the centre,

he gathered a heartsease which grew at his

feet,

began to pull
pistil

while he was speaking to his men.

;

We have already

mentioned that the stamens and

of the heartsease are very curiously constructed

the mass of stamens without filaments huddled together,

looks something like the

body

of

some small animal and the hole

the

two that are furnished with

tails,

resemble arms

and

the style with its round knob-like top,

in its side, bears considerable resemblance to a head.

;

The
more

curious appearance thus formed, caught Bertram's attention

attentively.

and he took
;

it

home with him

to

examine

it

From

this slight circumstance

Bertram became a botanist

;

he gave up fanning to study physic, as

all

being more congenial with his

naturalists in his time
;

new

pursuits

he entered into correspondence with Linnaeus, and

the

first

and he died loaded with honours received from almost every

scientific society in

Europe

The

heartsease,

though long a favourite garden flower, was not valued by

little

florists, till

about 1810 or 1812,

when the present Lady Monck, " then Lady Mary Bennet, had a
the Earl of Tankerville, at Walton-upon-Thames.

flower-garden in the grounds of her father

In

this little

garden was the figure of a heart, in which this

amiable lady used to plant the varieties of Pansies, which she accidentally discovered growing in her father's
garden.
ties

Aided by the industry and zeal of Mr. Richardson, then, and

little

still

gardener at Walton, several pretty varie427.)

were raised and transplanted to this

parterre."

(Gard. Mag.

vol. xi. p.

From

this small beginning

may he

traced the rage which has since prevailed for cultivating this flower.

Mr. Richardson soon became

extremely fond of raising

the attention of

new

varieties

from seed ; and

in the

year 1813 or 1814, some of his

new

kinds attracted

Mr. Lee, of the Hammersmith nursery.

;

Mr. Lee instantly perceived the advantage that might

varieties

be derived from the culture of this flower

and a number of new and beautiful

were soon raised in the

Hammersmith

nursery.

Other nurserymen followed his example, and in the course of a few years, the hearts-

ease took its place as a florist's flower.

The names

of the heartsease are very numerous.

it is

Besides Heartsease and Pansy, by which names

it

is

generally designated in books,

called

Herb

Trinity,

Love and

Idleness,

Love

in Idleness,

Live in Idleness,

Kiss behind the garden gate. Three faces under a hood. Kit run in the
kiss

streets.

Call

me

to you,

Jump up and
Herbe de
also
la
it

me. Look up and kiss me. Pink of

my

John, Flower of Jove, Flamy, &c.

The French

call it

Trinite,

and Pensee, which

la Trinidad.

last

name

is

no doubt the origin of our word. Pansy.

it

The Spaniards

name

Yerba de

The

Italians call

Little Flame,

Winged

Violet and Butterfly Violet (viola farfalla).

They

also call it

Mother and Daughter-in-law ; and

Step-mother.

this strange

name

accords with that given to

it

by the

Germans, who

call it

CuLTDRE.
season.

It is the habit of the

Heartsease to ripen a succession of seed during the whole of

its

its

flowering
;

As

soon as the petals of a flower drop,

fruit

seed-pod swells and ripens, while other flowers are expanding

at the
it

and thus the plant generally bears ripe

and flowers

same time.

The seed may be sown

of the

common
garden.

sorts in the

common

soil

but for the finer kinds

is

usual to

make
it

a bed in some shady part of the

The

soil

of this bed should be about eighteen inches deep, and

should consist of loam mixed with

sand and vegetable mould, and highly manured.

of the seed,

The

seedlings will flower in about

;

two months from the sowing

whether the time of sowing be autumn, summer, or spring

and as soon as they have flowered, the and the others thrown away.
It

plants should be all taken up, the best replanted eighteen inches apart,

must

be remembered that though these plants are very liable to be scorched

by the

excessive heat of the sun, and

88

THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN

damped
shall
off

require constant watering, they are also very liable to be

therefore be contrived that the

by

cold and wet in winter.

It

must
and

bed

in

which they are planted

;

be well drained, and open

to the east

west.

The wild

heartsease
it,

is

quite hardy
delicate

but the finer

sorts, in proportion to the

number

of generations that

they are removed from

become

and

liable to disease.

The

finest flowers are said to

be produced by cuttings, taken off in spring, and grown rapidly so as to flower

off

the same

summer

or autumn.
joint.

These cuttings should be taken from the points of the shoots, cutting them
is

immediately below a
will grow.

This

done with

all cuttings,

as

it is

from the joints or buds only that the young roots

it

The end

of the cutting

must be made firm

in the soil, to induce

to

throw out roots

and

it

must

be covered with a bell-glass and shaded, to keep in the moisture and prevent too

much

evaporation by the leaves,

which the

cutting, having
is

no roots by which

it

can imbibe a fresh supply, would be unable to support.

its

For the

same reason the cutting

evaporation.

deprived of the greater part of

leaves

as every leaf presents a fresh surface for

is,

The
;

cuttings of heartsease should either be struck (that

as soil of this kind

induced to strike root) in silver sand or

it,

very sandy loam

by permitting

the transmission of water through

it

prevents stagnation, and

consequently the lower parts of the stems from absorbing

to such a degree as to induce rottenness.

As

soon as

the cuttings are rooted they should be transplanted to the bed or border, and supplied with water, and shaded for

a day or two

till

the roots

become

established.

The

finer

kinds of heartsease are also propagated by layers.

all

The operation of layering

is

performed by

pegging down the young shoots, and covering them

but their points with rich mould

kept moist.

When the
be divided

layers have rooted, they are divided from the parent plant into

and transplanted.

The

roots

may

also

what are

called slips,

and planted in a shady border, the plants which have not yet flowered being preferred

for this operation.

In

all cases

where heartseases are

weather
;

to be transplanted, or cuttings or layers planted out, it should be done, if

if

possible, in dull rainy

and

this is impossible, the

newly- transplanted flowers should be well watered

and shaded.

Where new kinds

are to be raised from seed, the seed should be gathered from those plants

which
;

produce the largest and handsomest flowers, and at the season when they blossom in greatest perfection
this season is usually

and

from April

till

June, as the plants appear weakened by the heat of summer, and gene-

rally produce smaller flowers in

autumn.

Though

heartseases

may

be said to be in flower in favourable

situations nearly all the year, they are only in full flower in

two seasons

viz.

from April to June, and from

August or September

till

the setting in of the winter.

2. VIOLA LUTEA, Huds.

Engravings.
oar

THE YELLOW HEARTSEASE.

simple.

Eng. Bot.

t.

721, 2nd edition,

vol.ii.

t.334

and

Leaves ovate-oblong, crenate, fringed.

Petals

Stipules palmatifid.

If.

2, in Plate 14.

Sepals lanceolate, acute.

wedge-shaped, with long distinct

Specific

Chaiucter.

Root

fibrous,

slender.

Stems

triangular,

claws.

Spur the length of the calyx.

is

(G. Don.)

Descuiption, &c.
radiating lines
in
:

The

flower

is

larger than that of

V. tricolor, and

yellow marked with blackish,

sometimes the upper petals are purple.

It is a native of Britain, particularly of the mountains

;

Wales and Scotland.

It is properly a perennial, but it has been introduced here

because

when
is.

raised from

seed the young plants

wiU flower almost

sown.

as soon as those of the

common

heartsease

that

in about

two

months

after the seeds are

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

89

CHAPTER XIV.

RESEDACE^.
Essential Character.
4

Calyx 46
unguiculate,

parted, or 5-toothed.

Petals

Stigma

3^

lobed.

Capsule inflated, trigonal

placentas parietal.

6,

open

in

testivation,

inserted into
eaeli

the base of a

Seeds cochleate.

(G.

Don.)

This order, and that of Violacet,

dilated disc.

Stamens

definite,

2 or 3 to

petal; bypogynous.

according to the botanical arrangement, should precede Capparidacea.

GENUS
RESEDA,
Lin. Syat.

I.

Lin.

THE MIGNONETTE.
S C cloven.

OCTO-POLYANDRIA, TRI-TETRAGYNIA.
Capsule bladdery, 3

Generic Character.

Calyx of 4
5

6, narrow segments. Petals 4

4 homed, many-seeded.

(G. Don.)'
called

Description, &c.
or Dyer's

This genus

consists of

numerous

species, the

most remarkable of which are the Weld,

and from which the colour

Weed
is

(^Reseda luteola), a British plant, used in dyeing yellow,

;

Dutch pink

made

and the common sweet-scented Mignonette (Reseda odoratd).

]. RESEDA ODORATA,
Engraving.

Lin.

THE COMMON, OR SWEET-SCENTED MIGNONETTE.

into

Bot. Mag.

t.

29.
lanceolate, blnntish, entire, or trifid.

many

club-shaped divisions

the

two lowest simple.

Capsule*

Specific Character.

Leaves

3-toothed

(G. Don.)

Calyx 6-parted, equal

in length to

the petals, which are finely

cleft

DEScniPTioN, &c.
in fact a shrub,

The

Mignonette, though called an annual, and always treated as such in this country,
its

is

and when

carefully preserved through the winter,

stem becomes woody.

In

this state, it is
is

called the tree Mignonette,

and

is

by many supposed
its

to be a different species.

Though

its

flower
it is

by no means
It is

show}',

it is

a general favourite for

it

fragrance,

and there are few flower-gardens in which

not sown.

a native of Barbary, where

Algiers.

has been found, by

modem botanists,

in the sands near Mascora, a fortified

is

town

of

It is also generally described in books as a native of

Egypt, but on what authority

not known, as

there
it

is

no record of its having been ever found wild in that country.

it it

The

earliest

English writers

who mention
first

(about the middle of the eighteenth century) call

the Egyptian Rocket.

It appears to

have been

brought from Barbary into Spain, from which country

was

carried to the south of France,

and thence to Paris.

From
it

Paris, its seeds are said to

have been sent by Lord Bateman to Mr. Bateman, at Windsor, in 1742, though
till

did not

come

into general cultivation

1752,

when

seeds of

it

were received by Miller,

who was then

curator
it

of the Botanic

Garden, Chelsea, from Dr. Adrian "Van Royon, of Leyden.

From
calls it,
;

the Chelsea Garden

soon

passed into those of the

London
is

florists,

and the " fragrant weed," as Cowper

soon became a favourite.

The name of Reseda

derived from the Latin resedo, to calm, or appease

and
"

it is

supposed to bear reference

darling."

to the healing properties of one of the species.

Kttle

The name Mignonette

is literally

little

It is said in the

work

called

Le Langage
life

des Fleurs, that this flower

its

forms part of the arms of a noble family in Saxony,

is

from an incident in the

of one of

descendants.

The legend

that the

Count Walsthein was paying

his

addresses to a beautiful heiress,

who

trifled

with his

affections,

and who had a dependent cousin

secretly in love

with the count.

One

evening, while walking in the garden, the ladies each chose a flower, and the heiress gaily

90

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

line.

challenged the Count to write the description of each in one

She had chosen a Wild Rose, and the Count,

who had been piqued by

her numerous

flirtations,

wrote

Cbarming, but evanescent.

The

cousin had chosen Mignonette, and the Count's motto for this flower was

Your

qualities surpass

your charms.
in his

The legend

adds, that the

Count married the

cousin,

and in compliment to her, inserted the Mignonette

coat of arms.

Culture.

The
it

Mignonette

is

so favourite a flower that

it

is

sown

at all seasons,
it

and many gardeners

contrive to have

in flower every

month

in the year.

To do
sown

this,

they sow

at four or five difierent times.

If

it

be wanted

to flower in winter, the seed is usually

in the open

ground about the end of July.

About

the middle of September these plants will be ready for planting in pots, shading
planting,

them

for a

few days

after transtill

and protecting them from heavy

rains.

Before the frost sets

will begin to

in,

the pots should be placed in frames

the beginning of November,

to the greenhouse,

when some

of

them

show flower-buds.
till

They

should then be removed

where they

will branch out,

and continue flowering

spring.

In small gardens, where there

are neither greenhouses nor frames, the same effect

may

be produced by placing the pots in the window of a room

without a

fire, till

they begin to form blossom buds, and then removing them to a

warm window

in a living room,

where they

will blossom beautifully.

it

Abundance

of Mignonette will be thus produced from

November

till

March

but

will be

more

difiicult to

have plants in flower during the months of March, April, and May.
about the latter end of August.

The

seeds, in this case,

must be sown

in pots

They must be

protected from the cold,

and heavy

rains,

and in November they should be thinned out, leaving only eight or ten plants in each pot.

The

pots should then be sunk in an old hotbed of manure, or tan, and covered with a frame, where they

must be kept,

and covered

closely at night,

till

they begin to form flower-buds, when they must be removed to the greenhouse. be sown in pots, and during the severe weather, a shallow box, or packing-case,

In a small garden, the seeds

may

may

be

filled

with coal ashes, into which the pots

may

be plunged.
the plants

This will keep the roots moist, and prevent

the leaves from turning yellow.

carpeting.
is

In very severe

frosts,

may

be covered with an old blanket, or piece of

When

they have formed blossom buds, they

will blossom freely.

may

be removed to the window of a room where there be sown in February, and treated like the
vrill

fire,

when they

A
till

third crop

may

last,

or

raised on a hotbed.
in April,

These will come into blossom by the end of May, and they
they are killed by the
frost.
all

be succeeded by plants sown

species will then be

which

will continue in flower

;

The summer-sown
the year.
it

just ready to flower

and thus a succession of flowers will be kept up

uses of the Mignonette,

Among
as

the

many

may
it

be reckoned that of planting

are also raised
for

with Candy-tuft, Clarkias, &c.,

tufts

we have

already recommended.

Boxes of

windows, &c., and

are planted in
soil,

court-yards.

Wherever

it

may

be grown, care should be taken to sow the seeds in a poor sandy

as unless

this is done, the

Mignonette will have scarcely any fragrance.

is

The

tree

Mignonette
It
is

nothing but the

common

Mignonette, preserved through the winter, and trained so as

is

to form a tree.

propagated by cuttings, and

as
its real

more fragrant than when grown

as an annual.

Many

persons attempt to
sell

buy its seeds ; but

seeds

would only produce the common kind, nurserymen generally

the seeds of the Dyer's

Weed

(Reseda luteola), a

common

British plant, for

it.

Tliis plant is

an annual, with
it

taller

and stronger stems than the common Mignonette, and

certainly
is

it is

cultivated for the yellow dye which

affords

but

it

not worth growing in a flower-garden.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUiiLS.

yj

CHAPTER XV.
MALVACEAE.
EiSEi^TUL Character.
5, twisted in sestivation.

Sepals

generally 5, rarely

34.

Petals

and ovaria.

Anthers one-celled.

Carpels numerous, disposed in a

Stamens numerous, hypogynous, and com-

whorl around the

axis, capsular or baccate.

(G. Don,)
showy
is

bined with the claws of the petals into a column, which girds the style

Description,

&c.^

All the plants belonging

little

to the order Malvaces9 are remarkable for their

flowers

and curious seed-vessels, which resemble

excellent for diseases of the lungs.

cheeses,

and

are full of a mucilaginous matter,

indicates this quality, as
it is

which

reckoned

The name
The

of

Malva

derived from a Greek

word

signifying soft, or softening.

flowers have several peculiarities in their botanical construction.

The

petals are curiously twisted together in the bud,

and the stamens grow together at the base into a kind of column,
cell,

bearing at their summits kidney-shaped anthers, each containing only one

instead of two, as

is

the case with

most other plants. The carpels grow together in a

circle, so as to

forma

flat plate, with

the styles, which are joined

together at the bottom, rising like a column in the centre.

seed,
size,

" Each

carpel," says Dr. Lindley, " contains one

all

with an embryo curiously doubled up and

filling

the whole cavity ; hence, as the carpels are

level,
if

of the

same
a

and arranged with the most exact regularity on the same

a fruit

is

cut through,

it

will present

singularly beautiful arrangement of the parts, which look like a vegetable star."

GENUS

I.

MALVA,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE MALLOW.
;

Generic Character.

Calyx

girded

by a 3-leaved involucrum, rarely by a

1

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 5 6-leaved one

of the hedges,

leaflets

oblong or setaceous.

Carpels

capsular,

-seeded, verticillate, disposed in an orbicular head.

(G. Don.)
in church-yards, are so well

Descbiption, &c.

The common Mallow

description
is

and that so abundant

known, that but

at
first

little

necessary for the genus.

A malvaceous plant
of the genera
it

may

indeed be always

known

sight,

and the only

difiiculty is to

know which

belongs to;

which

is

not easily

determined, as the dilFerences between the genera, consisting chiefly in the seed-pods, are not conspicuous to
unbotanical eyes.
situations,

All the kinds of annual plants belonging to this order should be sown in
slightest frost
;

warm sunny

and are killed with the

they do not bear transplanting well, except when very young, or

when a

ball of earth is

kept round the roots.

says, that
p.

They have been

cultivated in flower-gardens since the time of

Parkinson (1620),

who

"

for their bravery,

they were entertained everywhere, into every countrylike the mignonette,

woman's garden."

Paradims,

366.

They may

all,

be made perennial, or even shrubby,

cuttings.

by keeping them through the winter

in a greenhouse,

and propagating them by

-MALVA MOSCHATA,
Emgrayings
fig. 6 in Plate

Lin.

THE MUSK MALLOW,

Specific Character.

Eng. Bot.

t.

S47

2nd

edit., vol. v.

t.

980

and our

Lower
Don.)

leaves

kidney-ouaped, cut, cauh'ne

Variety.
Bot.

M. m. 2 alba, Hort.
t.

16 of the white

variety.
;

ones 5-deeply pinnati6d, jagged segments.

Stems and calyxes scabroui

syn.

M. m. 2

undulata

Sims

from simple

hairs.

(G.

Mag.

2298, has white flowers.

Description, &c.
deeply cut leaves.

The

species has large rose-coloured flowers,

and a slender branching stem, with very

side in gravelly soil
;

It

grows wild in Britain, on the borders of fields, and by the road

and

n 2

92
in its wild state it yields a faint
is

THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN

considered a perennial, though
it

is

treated as an annual in gardens.

The whole
is

plant

musky odour when drawn through

the hand.

The white is a garden

variety,

and

not found wild.

The

seeds of both kinds

may

be had at Leo's, Hammersmith, and in most other seed-shops.

2. MALVA MAURITANIA. Lin.

Specific

THE MAURITANIAN, OR IVY-LEAVED MALLOW.

Enchatiho.

Character.

Stem

Brit.

Flow. Gard.
;

t.

81.

eroct

leaves 5-lobed, obtuse

pedicels

and foot-stalks Btnoothish.

{G.Don.)

Description, &c.
flowers.

A strong-growing plant, rising nearly six feet high, with pink, crimson, or deep purple A native of Italy, Spain, and Portugal; introduced in 1768 by John, Earl of Bute. Its seeds may be
may
be sown in autumn, or in March or April.

procured at any seed-shop, and they

a MALVA CRISPA, Specific Character. Stem

erect
;

Lin.

THE CURLED, OR FRENCH MALLOW.

;

leaves angular, toothed, curled, glabrous

flowers axillary, sessile.

(G. Don.)
it is

Description, &c.
Tusser in his
its
list

This b one
is

of the oldest foreign

It

Mallows cultivated

in

our gardens, as

included by
;

of garden flowers in 1573.

grows about

six feet high, with

an erect and vigorous stem

and

flowers are rather small and whitish, tipped with pale purple or rose-colour.
It

The

leaves are curiously curled

at their margins.

a native of France.

Seeds

may

be procured in the seed-shops under the

in April or

name

of the

curled mallow

and they may be sown in the open border

May.

4. MALVA LIMENSIS,
Specific Character.

Lin.

THE

LIMA, OR BLUE MALLOW.

;

Erect, leaves 7-lobed, wrinkled; spikes axillary; flowers leaning to one side

carpels smooth.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
introduced in 1768.

rather small, but erect species, with spikes

is

of blue flowers.

native of Peru,

This

a very ornamental species, but

we

do not

know where

seeds are to be procured.

OTHER SPECIES OF MALLOW.

The
following species, though introduced, not being

common

in the nurseries,

we have

not thought

it

.necessary to enter into details respecting them.

M. AMERICANA,

Lin.
;

A very pretty species only a foot high,

with yellow flowers M. MAREOTICA,

a native of the
Del.

West

Indies, introduced in

1756

A native of Egypt,
A trailing species,
To
these

introduced in 1822

growing 2

feet high,

and with red

flowers.

M. CAROLINA, Lin. with red flowers

;

a native of Carolina, introduced in 1723.

the Upright Mallow, and
in their flowers.

may

be added

M.

striata,

M.

Hispanica, the Spanish Mallow

though

neither of

them

possess

any remarkable beauty

There are

many

other annual species of Mallow, but none of

them are worth

cultivating.

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

93

GENUS

II.

MALOPE,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE MALOPE.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
;

Gemeric Chaiucter.

Calyx

girded

bya

3- leaved involucnim

leaflets cordate

carpels

numerous, l-seeded, disposed into a Lead.

(G. Oon.)
but in the

Description, &c.

The genus Malope

close,

differs

from the genus Malva principally in the shape of the capsules,

foi-m a flat capsule,

and the manner in which they are disposed.

In the Malva they unite so as to

Malope they form a

generally larger and

aggregate head, resembling that of the raspberry.

The flowers

of the

Malope are and more

more showy than those of the Malva, and the texture of

of Malope, from a Greek

their petals is softer

transparent

whence the name

word

signifying tender.

1. MALOPE TRIFIDA,
Varieties.
diflora,

Cov.

THE TRIFID MALOPE.

Plate 16, of the white flowered variety
;

M.

t.

2 alba, Dec. has white flowers.

M.

t.

3 granj

and our

Jig. 4, in Plate 16,

Syn. M.

grandiflora

Hort., has very large rose-coloured

I

and Paxt. Mag. of Bot.

Specific Character.

vol.i. p.

177, of Malope grandiflora.

trifid,

flowers.

Leaves three-nerved,

toothed, glabrous

Engravings.

Sweet's

Brit.

Flow. Gard.

t.

153

our fig.

2, in

lobes acuminated.

Peduncles axillary, one-flowered.

(ff.

Don.)
in

Description, &c.

The common Malope

trifida is rather

a low-growing plant, seldom exceeding a foot

height, with very brilliant

and glossy dark rose-coloured flowers.

The stems

are slightly angular and furrowed.

The

leaves are cordate,

is

and very slightly three-lobed.

The

peduncles, or flower-stalks, are tinged with purple,

leaflets,

and the calyx

surrounded by a large involucre, consisting of three cordate

united at the base.

This
all

leafy involucre distinguishes both the flower

and the capsule of the Malope

is

at first sight

from those of
flat

the

kinds of Malva.

The

cone-like shape of the capsule

also very distinct

from the round,

cheeses of the

Mallow.

The large-flowered

variety,
is

Malope grandiflora, well merits

only about the average
size.

its

name ;

for the flower

we have

figured,

which

we had from
In the

Lee's nursery,

The plant

also

grows three

feet or four feet high.

summer and autumn

of 1838, an
its

immense quantity of Malope grandiflora was growing in the nursery

magnificent flowers produced an effect quite dazzling to the eye.
;

of

Mr. Forrest, at Kensington, where

The

white-flowered variety, on the contrary, has rather small and very delicate flowers

and

it

does not

grow higher

than the species.

Malope
of

trifida is generally said to

it is

be a native of Barbary, introduced in 1808; but in the plant catalogue

Mr. Masters, of Canterbury,

stated that this

Malope " was introduced

It is not

in 1806, from the Mauritius,

by

the writer's father." (Hort. Buro., 3rd edit. p. 119.)

known by whom

the splendid variety Malope

grandiflora

was

raised

but

it is

certainly one of the handsomest of garden annuals.

The
in

seeds of both the species and varieties

in a shght hot-bed, or

may

be procured in any seed-shop, and they

of April in the open borders
;

may

either be raised
if

March

sown about the middle sown

observing that,
ball entire,

the

plants are raised in a hot-bed, they should be

in pots,

and transplanted with the

without

disturbing the roots.

94

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

2.MALOPE MALACOIDES,
Specific Chakacteb

Lin.

THE MALLOW-LIKE MALOPE.

Peduncles
aiillary, one-flowered

Leavee ovate, crenated.

Stipules oblong-linear.

(G. Don.)

Description,

&c

This species has purplish crimson flowers, strongly resembling those of the
It

common
a native
is

Mallows, but with the seed-pod of the Malope.

of the South of

grows about a
it

foot or eighteen inches high.

in I7IO.

It

is

Europe and North

of Africa, in
is

meadows, and

was introduced

The

culture

the

same

as that of
it

M.

trifida.

There

a variety of this species with deeply sinnated, or pinnatifid leaves

but

we

believe

has not been introduced into England.

GENUS

III.

LAVATERA,
Lin.
St/St.

Lin.

THE LAVATERA.
Carpels capsular, one-

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
Leaflets usually connected together to the middle.

Genkbic CHAKicTEK

Caljx girded by a 3

cleft involucre.

seeded, disposed in an orb around the axis.

(G. Don.)

Description, &C.
of cultivation.

Most

of the species of Lavatera are shrubby, but the few annual kinds are well deserving

The

generic distinction consists principally in the leaflets of the involucre being joined to the

middle

and

in the carpels,

which are disposed round the central

axis,

having

it

dilated over them.

Those

who

wish to study botanical distinctions, should compare the seed-vessels of the Mallow, the Malope, and the Lavatera.

Three dry seed-pods are

now

before us

those of

Maha

moechata, Lavatera trimestris, and of Malope grandiflora.

The

seed-vessel of the

Musk Mallow
;

consists of a circle of woolly-looking carpels

little

growing

close together,

but
are

easily detached with a pin

each fitting into a

groove in the

axis,

round which they are placed.

They

in a loose open calyx, without

any involucre, and even the small bracteas which were below the calyx when the
have
fallen off.

plant

was

in a

growing

state,

The Lavatera has a

;

larger circle in the centre, appearing at

it

first

sight to resemble the circle of carpels in. the

Mallow

but on examination

will be found to be the dilated axis,

which, instead of having grooves in

it

for the reception of the seeds, is stretched over

lie
is

them and curved down

so as

to form a cover, under the shelter of

which the seeds

completely concealed.

The calyx

consists of five sepals,

which bend down over the

leaflets,

centre,

and below which

the large, spreading involucre, consisting of three broad

large sepals,

which grow together half way up.

The Malope has a very long calyx and

which make

its

seed-vessels bear the

same

relation to the others as a filbert does to a

in plate

common

nut.

The

peculiar shape of the

seeds,

involucre

and ealyx are shdvni in^^s. 2 and 6

growing on the receptacle

16

and when these are opened to examine the

they

will be found

in the shape of a raspberry,

something like those of the Flos Adonis, or

the

common

Crowfoot.

1. LAVATERA TRIMESTRIS, Lin.

Synonyme.
Engravings.

THE THREE-MONTHLY LAVATERA.

Specific Character.

Lavatera, Dec. Bot. Mag. 109, and omfig. Variety. L. G. Don, has white
Stegia
t. t.

Stem scabrous.

Leaves smoothish, roundish,

5, in Plate 16.

cordate, upper ones lobed.

fectly concealing the carpels.

Pedicels solitary.

Orb of

receptacle per-

2. albiflora,

flowers.

(G. Don.)
flowers, to need

Description, &c.
description.

The pink and white Lavateras are too well known as border
The plant
is

any detailed

They grow from

three to six feet high, and their flowers are delicately and beautifully veined.

The
It

Bituation of the seeds has been already described.

found wild in Spain, and also in Syria.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNtfALS
appears to have been introduced from Spain about 1600,
1597,
it is

96
not mentioned by Gerard,
called the Spanish

as,

though
It

it is

who

wrote in

by

his

commentator Johnson, who wrote in 1633.

to apply to it its specific

was then

Summer Mallow.

Clusius
shop.

was the

first

name

of trimestris.

Its seeds

may now

be procured in any seedout, so as to

They should be sown

more than

in April or

May, and when the

plants

come up, they must be thinned

leave not
plants

five or six in a group.

In the centre of this group should be placed a stake, to which the

may

be tied loosely, or they

;

may

be drawn through a dahlia hoop.

They

are free-growing plants, and

produce abundance of flowers

but they are rather too large for a small garden unless they are kept neatly trained.

OTHER KINDS OF ANNUAL LAVATERA.

The following kinds
are well deserving of cultivation
;

but

we have never

seen

them

in gardens,

and do not

know where

to procure seeds.
L.

FLAVA,

Desf.

This kind has yellow flowers.

but
is

It is a native of the north of Africa

and

Sieily.

It

was introduced

in 1818,

now

apparently

lost.

L.
is

PUNCTATA,

^11.,
It is

a native of the south of France and north of Italy, where

found in cultivated

fields.

It has pale violet

flowers,

and was introduced in 1800.

L.

CRETICA,

Lin.

This species has pale rose-coloured flowers, with a fringed

margin

to the

petals.

It

is

a native of Crete, and

was introduced

in 1723. L.

AMBIGUA,

Dee.,

nas purple flowers.

It

is

a low plant, and grows wild near Naples.

It

was introduced

in 1824.

GENUS
HIBISCUS,
Lin.
Generic Chjkacter.
Sffst.

IV.

Lin.

THE HIBISCUS.
capsule, with the valves hearing a dissepiment on the inside.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
Cells

Calyx

girded by a many-leaved, rarely few-

leaved involucre, distinct or connected with each other at the base.

Petals not auricled.

many,

rarely

-seeded.

Seeds woolly or smooth.

(G. Don.)
England
in the
shall

Stigmas

five.

Carpels joined into a 5-celled

Description, &c.
stove,

Most

of the annual plants belonging to this genus can only be

;

grown

in

and we have therefore omitted them

but an idea

may

easily

be obtained of them from those we

is

describe, as they bear a

very strong family likeness to each other.

difiFerent
it

The genus HiUtcm

botanically distinguished

from the other Malvace<B, by the very

together into one capsule,

shape of

its

seed-vessel.

This consists of five carpels grown

which has the seeds

contains arranged along five valves.

1. HIBISCUS
Enor4ving.
Specific Character.

TRIONUM,
t.

Lin.

THE COMMON OR BROAD-LEAVED BLADDER KETMIA.

I

Bot. Mag. 209. Leaves

upper ones 3-parted, blunt.

Lobes lanceolate, with the middle one

full of nerves.

toothed, lower ones almost undivided,

very long. Calyx inflated, membranaceous,

is

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The

flower of the

Common

Bladder Ketmia
;

about the size of that of the

rich golden

Musk Mallow,
The stem
ia

and

it is

of a delicate cream-colour, with a purple centre

and the anthers are of a

hue

9G
weak, and
if

THE
not supported will
lie

LADIES' FLOWER-GjiRDEN

on the ground.

The

leaves are broad and threa-parted,

is

whence the

specific

name

of trionum.
is

The

capsules are inflated, and

it is

from them that the epithet bladder

is

applied to the plant.

;

Ketmia

from the Arabic name of the mallow.

This species

a native of Italy and Camiola

its

it

was

first

called the Venice Mallow, or Good-night-at-Noon, in allusion to the short duration of

flowers,
latter

which were
it

supposed to drop exactly at noon.

the
is

It is

mentioned by Parkinson and Gerard

it

and as the

speaks of

in

first edition

of his Herbal as well

known,

must have beem introduced some years before 1596.

is

The

culture

very simple, as the seeds

may

be sown at any time when the ground

not hard with frost, and the plants

will not need either thinning out or tying up, as they look best

sown

thickly,

and with their stems lying on the

ground.

Seeds are

common

in every seed-shop.

2. HIBISCUS AFRICANUS, Thun.

Syhonyhx.
Mill. Diet.

THE AFRICAN BLADDER KETMIA.

Specific Charactcr.

Hibiscus
Om

vesicariuB,

Cav., H.

trionum, var. africanus,

Leaves

toothed, lower ones undivided, uppi

ones
fig. 1, in Plate

5-cleft, with

oblong, blunt lobes.

Calyx

inflated,

membrana-

Engraving.

16^

ceous, full of nerves is

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
nearly superseded base of each
is
it

This

very beautiful flower

so

superior to the

common Bladder Ketmia,

that It has

in gardens.

The

petals are of a very pale yellow, or rich cream-colour,

and the blotch at the

of a very rich reddish-brown.

it is

The

species

is

a native of Africa, particularly near the Cape of

Good Hope, where

from
1826.
its

a shrub.

It

was

first

introduced in 1713, and has been frequently lost to our gardens,

inability to ripen its seeds without

It requires a light
it

abundance of heat.
it

The

last date

given for

its

re-introduction

is

sandy

soil

and when

comes up,

it

may

either be thinned out

and

tied up, or left to

flower as

grows, like

H.

trionum.

Mr. Forrest, of the Kensington Nursery, had a variety with larger flowers

than the species.

GENUS
PALAVIA,
Lin. Syst.

V.

Cav.

THE PALAVIA.
(C Don.)

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

Generic Character.

Calyx naked,
t.

5-cleft.

Carpels capsular, numerous, ]-seeded, disposed into a head without any order.

1. PALAVIA RHOMBIFOLIA, Graham.

Engravings.
S, in Plate 16.

THE RHOMBOID-LEAVED PALAVIA.

I

Bot. Reg.

1375

Bot. Mag.

t.

3100, and our fig.

stel-

lately-pilose

on the veins, shorter than the peduncles.

Stipules awl-

shaped, ciliated, green.

Petals obovatcly cuneated, obliquely-cmargi-

Specific Character.

Leaves

rhomboidal, lobately-crenate,
little delicate

nate.

Peduncles longer than the leaves. ^-(^G. Don.)

Description, &c.

plant, with a flower of

no great beauty, resembling a common Mallow.

1

It IS a native of Peru, near

It requires a

Lima, from which country seeds were sent sent home by Mr. Cruickshanks in

830.

warm
Seeds

situation

and a

light

sandy

soil

and

its flowers,

though short-lived, are produced in great

abundance.

may be

procured in any of the London seed-shops.

OTHER KINDS OF PALAVIA.

There are two other kinds of Palavia, both natives of the sandy plains near Lima.
has yellow flowers, turning purple as they fade
said to have been introduced, but
j

One

of these, P. moichata,

and the other, P. malvce/olia, has small red flowers.

seeds of

Both

are

we do

not

know where

them

are to be procured.

J^

/.

^^.^t^un^/t^ -icaufsa-

~ ZW^iyt^ya

vta^^j'taiu-*rpay.

-3

^n^tXea^ ^a*n^<rui^.

^4^S^^'t^^ /iCtK^m^fn^l

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

97

CHAPTER

XVI.

LYTHEACE^.
Essential Character,

Calyx

tubular, ribbed, the sinuses between

below the

petals, variable in

number.

Capsule covered by the tube

of

the lobes sometimes lengthened out into the other lobes.

inserted into the tube of the calyx.

Petals 4
in the

6,
tube

the cal^x, 1-celled, placenta central.

(G. Don.)
others, the

Stamens inserted

Description, &c.

The

OTieT*Li/thracece

contains

several interesting plants,

and among

Henna

{Laicsonta inermis), so

much used hy

ladies in the East, the Lagerstroemias, or Pride of India,

and the plant

containing

supposed by some to be the Rosewood of commerce, PhysocaJymna floribunda.

annual flowers are

The only genera

Lythrum and Cuphea.

The annuals

in the first genus are wild British plants,

and only

those belonging to the genus

Cuphea are cultivated

in gardens.

Even

these plants are

by no means

beautiful, as

they have

all

that peculiarly dark reddish and yet blackish purple, which has

made

the

name

of the order be

derived from the

word

lythron, black blood.

GENUS

I.

CUPHEA,
Lin. Syst.

Jacq.

THE CUPHEA.
Stamens 11

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
6

Generic Cuaricter.

Calyx

tubular, 12-toothed,

Petals
calyx.

7, unequal.
1

Capsule

2-celled,

Description, &c,

The plants composing the

There
is

14, (G, Don.')

rarely 6

7, unequal, inserted in the orifice of the

genus Cuphea were separated from those forming the genus

Lythrum,
calyx,

chiefly because the former have a tubular calyx

and unequal

petals, while the latter

have not a tubular

and the

petals are equal.

likewise a difference in the stamens, and in the capsule.

1. CUPHEA VISCOSISSIMA,
Synonymes,
Plate 17.

Jacq.

VERY CLAMMY CUPHEA.

Leaves opposite,
petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, rather

Engravings.

Lythrum Flow,
Brit,

petiolatum, Lin.

L. Cuphea. Lin.
;

fil.

pubescence, hispid.
scabrous.

Gard,

t,

60

and

our fig.

2, in

Flowers pedicellate,

solitary, deflexed.

Calyx 6-toothed,
[G. Don.)

clotlied with

clammy down.

Petals 6, unequal,

Specific Character.

Stem

erect,

branched, clothed with

clammy

Description, &c.

An erect plant, growing from a foot to eighteen inches high, with a dark purple stem, and
The stem
is

pale dull purple flowers.

is

branched, and the whole plant

is it

covered with

clammy hairs.

The

flowers

begin to appear

when
is

the plant

not above six inches high, and as

continues growing, the flowers continue

It

expanding.

It

found wild in America, from Brazil to Pennsylvania, in humid shady places.

was introduced
June ; or

776.

The

seeds are generally raised on a hotbed, and planted out into a moist shady border in

they

may

be sown in the open air in April.

2.UPHEA PROCUMBENS,
Engravings.
Specific
clothed

Cav.

THE PROCUMBENT CUPHEA

Calyx clothed with clammy
larger than the rest.
hairs, 6-toolhed.

Bot. Reg. t. 182; and oar fig. 4, in PI. 17. Character. Stem assurgent. Branches procumbent, with clammy hairs. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovatorather
hispid.

Petals 6, obovate, two

The two

largest stamens are woolly

beyond the

anthers.

(G. Don.)
and the calyx
is

lanceolate,

Flowers

pedicellate,

solitary,

deflexed.

Description, &c.
lilac tinge,

The

petals of the flowers are rose-coloured,

of a reddish purple, or rather

;

tipped with green.

The stem

is slender,

and

it

covered with a purplish pubescence

it

is

only

98
partly procumbent.

THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN

The
flowers are numerous, loose, and terminating the stem and branches in leafy racemes.

The

species is a native of Mexico,

and was

first

raised in

Europe by Professor Cavanillos, in the garden of the

whence
it

Buen

Retiro, at Madrid.

It

was afterwards grown

in the Berlin Botanic Garden,

was

sent both to the

Botanic Garden, Chelsea, and to the Fulham Nursery, in 1816.

April,

The

seeds should be raised on a hotbed in

and the young plants planted out

into a moist, rich,

shady border, in June.

3.CUPHEA LLAVEA, La Llave et

ENGRaviNGs.
Specific Character.
ing.

Lexarza.
foliaccous,

LA LLAVE'S CUPHEA.
erect.

Bot. Reg. Stems numerous,

1.

1386; and our ^^. 1, in Plate 17.

hispid.

Petals two,

obovatc,

large,

the rest abortive.

Branches ascendPedicels inter-

Stamens eleven.

(G. Don.)
;

Leaves almost

sessile, ovate-lanceolate, strigose.

Description, &o.

The

petals of the flowers are of a dark scarlet

the calyx has a greenish front, and the

of the petals are conspicuous, the

back and throat are pinkish.

Three of the stamens are very long.

Only two

others being so small as to be scarcely visible.

high.
It is a native of the

The stems

are numerous, erect, taper, and about a foot and a half

it

mountains of Central M.exico, where

into

was discovered by La Llave flowering

in 1829,

in

March and

April.

It

was introduced

England by Mr. Ackermann

who gave
;

the seeds to Mr. Tate,

will not live through in a hotbed in

in whose nursery they flowered the following August.

It is properly a perennial

but as

it

the English winter in the open

air, it

does best treated as an annual.

it

It

may

either be
in the

sown

February, and planted out in May, in which case

it

will flower in June, or be

sown

open

air in April,

when

will flower in August.

4. CUPHEA LANCEOLATA,
Synonyme.
vol.

Ait.

THE LANCEOLATE-LEAVED CUPHEA.

Leaves oppoate, on short petioles, lanceolate, rather
pilose.

Engravings
ii.

C.

sileaoides,

Hort.
t.

Flowers
pili,

Brit.

Flow. Gard., 2nd Ser.

402

Floral Cabinet,

pedicellate, solitary,

deflexed.

Calyx beset with clammy

6-

p.

161

and omjig. 3, in Plate 17.

toothed.

Petals 6, obovate, two of which are larger than the rest; the

Specific Character

Stem

erect, clothed

with clammy pubescence.

is

two longer stamens are woolly beyond the anthers.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
fragrance
;

The
erect
is

whole plant

clothed with soft,

clammy, purple

hairs,

and

it

has a powerful

the stem

is

and branched, with ascending branches.

The

leaves are lanceolate,

and pale green

on both

sides.

The

root

fibrous.
is

The

flowers are solitary

the petals are of a very dark black-blood colour, with

white claws, and the calyx

greenish.

The flower
beautiful.

is

certainly

much handsomer than

is
;

that of any other kind of

first

Cuphea; but

still it is

more curious than

Cuphea lanceolata
1796

a native of Mexico, and was

it

introduced

by Mr. Anderson, Curator

re-introduced about 1836,
of

of the Botanic Garden, Chelsea, in of the

was, however, soon after

lost, till it

was

by Messrs. Osborn,

Fulham
;

nursery,

who

received the seeds from Messrs. Booth,

Hamburgh.

It

was

first

supposed to be a stove plant

but the specimen from which our plate was taken

protection.

grew in the open border in the Fulham nursery, without the slightest
of the other species.

The

culture

is

the same as that

OTHER SPECIES OF CUPHEA.

There are several other annual species of Cuphea, mostly natives of Mexico, which have not yet been duced
;

intro-

but which, from the descriptions which have been given of them, appear well deserving of introduction.
at all

Though not

showy, they are curious ; and though natives of a

warm

climate, they are found to succeed

perfectly well in the open air in Britain.

(ra/a^n/t^U^/t'f.a^

a f^-^ui'f-^yr

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

99

CHAPTER
EssENiuL Character.

XVII.

FICOIDE^.

Sepals

definite,

combined

at their bases.
distinct, peri-

gynous.
tinct.

Ovarium many-celled,
Capsule dehiscing in a

inferior or superior.

Stigmas

di-

Petals indefinite, rarely wanting.

Stamens numerous,

stellate

manner

at the apex.

(G.

Don.)

GENUS

I.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE FIG MARIGOLD.

Capsule adnate to the calyx, from four to many^

ICOSANDRIA TETRA-POLYGYNIA.
sepals.

Generjc Character.
indefinite, linear.

Calyx

of 5, rarely of

Petals

along with the petals.

celled.

Stamens

indefinite, inserted in the top of the calyx

Cells many-seeded.

{G.Don.)
a

Description, &c.
flower
;

The name
its

of

Mesembryanthemum

is

derived from mesembria, mid-day, and anthemon,

and

this

name admirably

expresses the habit of the plants.

Their flowers seem to

live

only in the sun.

When
" than

the sun withdraws

beams, they close their petals, and only expand them in the

brilliant light of a

summer's day.
in a

" I scarcely

know a more

interesting sight," says Dr. Lindley, in his admirable Ladies' Botany,

this genus,
if

summer's day,

after

a storm, to watch a bush of

which has thrown

its

weak

trailing
it

arms
loves

over a piece of rock, and which leans forward to the south, as

so well.

to catch the earliest influence of the

beams

Wliile the sky

is

darkened by clouds,

all its

blossoms are shut up so closely, that one would hardly

suspect the bush of being

more than a

tuft of leafy branches,

with some withered or unexpandcd blossoms scattered

over them.

But the moment that the bright rays

;

of the sun begin to play

upon the

flowers, the scene changes

visibly beneath the eye

the petals slowly part, and unfold their shining surfaces, of almost metalhc brilliancy,
living stars, often of the

to the sunbeams,

and in a few minutes become so many

most gorgeous

tints,

and

so

entirely hide the leaves, that scarcely a trace of

glittering splendour.

them

is

visible,

while the whole bush has burst into a blaze of

specific irritability of the petals, the cause of

In

this case, the

phenomenon depends on a

which
the

is

one of those inscrutable mysteries that the limited faculties of

there
is

man

are incapable of penetrating

is

but

in

finiit,

an interesting phenomenon of another kind, the cause of which

more

easily explained.

The

seed-vessels of the

Fig Marigold, produced in the sandy deserts of Southern Africa,

If they

fall off

when

ripe,

and are
fall

driven about

by the wind.

were to open during the wet season, or in wet

that they are capable of vegetating.

places, the seeds

would

out

and perish,

for it is

only in a dry
its

soil

Nature, therefore, gives this plant the

power, by virtue of
it is

hygronietrical quality, of keeping the seed-vessel fast shut

up while exposed

to

damp

and and

only

when

it

finds itself in a

dry station

fit

for the dissemination of the seeds, that the valves contract

open sufficiently to allow the latter to escape."

{Ladies' Botany, vol.

;

ii.

p. 64.)

The

fruit of the

Mesembryan-

themum

is

shaped like a

fig,

and

is

eaten

by

the Hottentots

hence the

name

of Fig Marigold.

The

leaves are
all

extremely succulent, and those of some of the species are eaten.

of the hot

The Mesembryanthemums

are nearly

natives

sandy plains near the Cape of Good Hope.

1.MESEMBRYANTHEMUM
Emgravinos. Bot. Mag.
Specific Character.
t.

POMERIDIANUM, Lin. THE LARGE YELLOW-FLOWERED FIG MARIGOLD.

I

Leaves

540

and our 7^. 5, in Plate 18.

nearly distinct.

Stems, peduncles, and calyxes, haiiy.

Stigmas 12.

Petals shorter

broad-lanceolate, flat, smooth, ciliated,

than the calyx.

{O.Don.)

Decsoription, &c.

One

of the most splendid of this beautiful tribe of flowers.

The broad,

thick, fleshy

o2

100
leaves,

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

and large sun-like flowers, produce a most striking
in 1774, in
effect.

It is a native of the

Cape

of

Good Hope, and

seeds should be

was introduced

by Mr. Masson, who brought many

or April,

plants from that colony.

The

sown on a hotbed
soil,

March

and the young plants planted out

in June, into a dry

sandy or gravelly
light

in the open ground, or on rockwork.

The plants thus

size

treated,

and allowed plenty of

and

air, will

produce a profusion of flowers, which, from their

ripen seed abundantly.

and

brilliant colour, will

have a dazzling
it

effect,

and

will

This species requires to be planted in the open ground, as

never flowers well in a pot.

2. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM CRYSTALLINUM,
Specific

Lin.

THE COMMON ICE-PLANT.

Leaves ovate, alternate, stemsessile.

Character.

Plant

diffusely

procumbent,

herbaceous,
|

plant appear as if covered with ice.

clasping, undulated.

covered with large glittering papula; on every part, which makes the

Flowers axillary, almost

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
of

The flowers
The
soft,
is

of this species are white,

and they are neither so large nor so showy as those

little

M. pomeridianum.
with a
ice.

ice plant is,

however, remarkable for the

globular protuberances, or rather

it

blisters, filled

watery matter, which glisten over the whole plant, and make
procumbent.
This species
is

look as though
;

it

were

covered with

The plant

a native of Europe, as well as Africa

Isles.

for it is

found

on the sandy shores of Greece, near Athens, and in the Canary

nearly the same as that of
failing to

It

was introduced

in 1775.

Its culture is

M. pomeridianum,
Some
is

though it does not succeed so well in the open border, very frequently

produce flowers.

persons account for this,

by supposing

that there are

two
is

varieties of this

species, one a biennial,

which

the true

M.

crystallinum, and the other an annual, which

in very poor
soil,

called

by Haworth

M.

glaciale.

The

best

way

is

to

grow the plant

effect.

or on rockwork, where

its

glistening leaves

and starry flowers produce a very good

3. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM PINNATIFIDUM,
Engravino.
Specific Character.

Lin.

THE PINNATIFID-LEAVED
t.

ICE PLANT.

Bot. Mag.

67.
Petals shorter than the calyx.

Steins diffuse.

Leaves opposite, oblong, bluntly pinnatifid, papulose.

(CJ.

Don.)
is

Description, &c.

Perhaps

the least beautiful of this

showy family

of plants.

The

leaves are

what

some-

times called fiddle-shaped, and though covered with icy globules, they have not the brilliant glistening appearance
of those of the

common

ice-plant.

The flowers
is

are yellow, but small, and produced in the forks of the branches

the stems are reddish.

It

The plant

a native of the Cape of

Good Hope

but

it

is

said to be found also in

Chili.

was introduced

in 1774.

4.MESEMBRYANTHEMUM TRICOLOR,

THE THREE-COLOURED OR PURPLE-EYED MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.

WilU.
I
I

Engravings.

Bot. Mag.

t.

SvN0NVMES.-M. Pyropcum,
Specific

var. roseum,

2144; and owr fig. 6, in Plate 18. Dec. M. roseum, Haw.

almost
stcmless.

Flowers broadest at the apex, obtuse, rather scabrous from papula!. pedunculate. Lobes of calyx 5, oblong, one of them very long.

Character.

Plant

Leaves linear

{G. Don.'j
any true stem, and deriving nearly
all its

Description, &c.

A very small
of

species with scarcely

height from

the long upright footstalk of the flower.

The

petals are pink,

becoming whitish at the base, and the anthers are

of a very dark purple, almost black.

to

It is not

known
it

exactly of

what country

it is

a native, but
to

it is

supposed

come from the Cape

Good Cape.

Seeds of

were sent by M. Otto, of Berlin,

Mr. Anderson of the

Chelsea Botanic Garden, about 1828.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

^^^^

OTHER SPECIES OF ANNUAL MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.

There are

many

other species of annual

Mesembryanthemum mentioned
it

in books

but as

we know

nothing of
colours

-them except their

specific characters,

we have not thought

necessary to give even their names.

;

The

of their flowers are stated to be purple, white, rose-colour,

and yellow

and many of them are said

to have been

introduced.

CHAPTER XYHI.

PORTULACE^.
Essential

Character. Calyx

usually of two

sepals.
in

Petals
peri-

sulo 5-cellcd, opening by a lid or 3 valves.

Placenta central.

Seeds

usually 5, seldom more or less.

Stamens variable
Style one.

number,

winged.

(G. Don.)
thick, fleshy leaves,

gynous.

Anthers appendiculate.

Stigmas many.

Cap-

Description, &c.

Succulent

plants,

many of which have

and bright-coloured

flowers.

Some

of the kinds, however, are British weeds, such are the water-chickweed, and the

common

purslane, the

latter of

which was formerly eaten as a

salad.

All the plants belonging to this order thrive best in hot dry

exposed places.

The only genera

that contain ornamental annuals are Calandrinia and Claytonia.

GENUS
CALANDRINIA,
Lin. Syst.

I.

Kunth.

THE CALANDRINIA.
Stamens 4

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
or rather connate at the base.

Generic Charactbr

Calyx 2-parted.
at the apex.

Petals

3 5, free

16.

Style one, very short, tripartite

Lobes clavate.

Capsule oblong-elliptic, 3-valvcd.

Seeds wingless

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
like the

The ornamental
many

species belonging to this genus are mostly natives of South America,

and

mignonette and

other plants, shrubby there, though in Britain they are treated as annuals.

There

are some of the South American species that are positively annuals, as they can never be preserved through the

winter ; and this

is

also the case

with C.

speciosa,

which

is

a native of North America.

A great

degree of

confusion exists as to the

names

the Calandrinias of the Bot. Mag. being quite different from those bearing the

same names in the London gardens, and figured by Dr. Lindley in the Bot. Reg.
the names and descriptions given in the latter work.
in honour of L. Calandrini,

We, however, have adopted

to this genus

The name

of Calandrinia

was given

by Kunth,

an

Italian botanist,

who

lived in the beginning of the eighteenth century.

1.CALANDRINIA PILOSIUSCULA,
Synonymes.

Dec.

THE HAIRY CALANDRINIA.

pilose.

Talinium
Schrad.

ciliatum.

drinia compressa,

C. tenella,

Hook. T. lineare, Hoff. Hook, and Am^

angular,
rather

Calan-

Leaves liacar-spatulate, rather

rather adnate to the
floral

Pedicels axillary, l-flowered,

leaves, constituting

a terminal or sub.

Specific

Character.

Stems

erectish,

pilose.

terminal panicle.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
the

This was the

;

first

species of the genus

known

in

England ; and
is

it

was introduced under

the principal distinc-

name

of

Talinum ciliatum

the difference indeed between the two genera

very

slight,

tion being, that the style in Calandrinia is very short, while in

drinia has small flowers of a purplish crimson.
Its

Talinum the

style is filiform.

The hairy Calanits

stem

is

short,

and partly procumbent, and

leaves are long

102

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

It is a native of Chili,
to the

and narrow.

from which country seeds of

Society, in

it

were received in 1823 by Mr. Place, and by

it

him presented
seeds were

London Horticultural

whose garden

flowered for the

first

time in 1824.

The
;

sown

in a hotbed in

March, and transplanted into the open ground at the beginning of

till

May

the

flowers began to appear early in June, and continued

hot, dry, sandy situation,

destroyed

by the
Seeds

frosts of

autumn.

It requires a

and

it

is

admirably adapted

for

rockwork.

may

be procured in any of the

seed-shops.

2. CALANDRINIA SPECIOSA,
Engravings.

Lindl.

THE SHOWY CALANDRINIA.

Petals longer than

Bot. Reg.

t.

1598

and o\iTjig.

1, in

Plate 18.

Flowers racemose, pedicels aud bracteas very short.

the calyx.

Specific Character.

Glabrous,

diffuse.

Leaves spatulate, acute,

as
to

(Lindl.)

elongated and narrowing at the

base, so

appear

petiolated.

Description, &c.

Few

flowers have a

more

striking effect than this little Calandrinia with its brilliant

its

dark crimson or rather maroon-coloured flowers, peeping out from

of it in

thick bed of leaves.

There was a large bed

Mr. Hopgood's garden in the summer of 1838, which in the morning presented

as rich a

mass of flowers

and leaves as could well be imagined, but

by

four o'clock every

little

flower

was

closed.

"With the exception of

the early closing of the petals, this species deserves to be generally cultivated, as nothing can exceed the rich
velvety look of the flowers.
native of Northern California,
It is quite hardy, a true annual,

and ripens
in

its

seeds in great abundance.

It

It is a

whence

its

seeds were sent

home

1832 by Douglas.
;

should be sown

in dry
it

and exposed

situations,

where

it

can have abundance of light and heat

as the situation in

which Douglas found

was a

hot, dry bank. It

is

It requires very little water, It

and

flourishes best in
;

weather when most other plants are

burnt up.

well adapted for rockwork.

or June to flower in

may

be sown twice
Seeds

in

March

or April to flower in
all

May

and

June, and in

May

August and September.

may

be had in
t.

the seed-shops.

The plant

figured under the

name

of Calandrinia speciosa in the Bot. Mag.,

3379, bears more resemblance

to C. grandtflora than to the plant described in the Bot. Reg. as C. speciosa.

Sir

W.

J.

Hooker
its

states that

he

received
it is

it

under the name of C. speciosa from the Epsom nursery, and that he does not
it is

know
it

native country

probable that

a native of Chili, like the other species of the genus which

it is

resembles, but from its

woody stem and

general appearance

quite evident that

it

cannot be the Califomian annual described above.

3. CALANDRINIA ARENARIA,
Enokatings.
Specific

Hook,

et

Amott.

THE SAND CALANDRINIA.

Racemes corymbose
;

Bot. Reg.

1.

1605

and our fig. 3, in Plate 18.

Steins numerous, prostrate,

simple or branched.

and pedicels a

little

longer

CHARACTER.^Plant glaucous.
Leaves
linear.

than the bracteas.

Bracteas oval, membranous, pointed by a dark

glabrous, leafy.

Common
little

peduncle terminal, naked.

purple branched middle nerve.

Seeds glabrous.

(G. Don.)
its

Description, &o.
bracteas.

weedy-looking flower, only remarkable for the curious markings of

calyx and

It is a native of the

sandy plains near Valparaiso, whence

it

was introduced by Mr. Hugh Cuming

in 1833.

It

is

quite hardy,

and produces abundance of seeds, which

will flower in

two months

after sowing.

4.CALANDRINIA GRANDIFLORA.
Engravings.
4, in Plate

Lindl.

THE LARGE-FLOWERED CALANDRINIA,

acute, petiolate.

Bot. Reg.

t.

1194; Bot. Mag.

glancous.

t.

3369; aaiom fig.

Raceme

simple, loose.

Calyx spotted.

Stamens

18.

numerous.

Petals obcordate.

Specific Character.

Plant

(G. Don.)

Leaves fleshy, rhomboid,

Description, &o.

The flowers of

this species
it

were so much larger than those of the earliest-introduced

kinds of Calandrinia, that Dr. Lindley gave

the

name

of grandijkra, a

name which now seems

ill

applied.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
as the flowers of Calandrinia discolor are
plant,

103
C. grandiflora

more than twice

as large.

makes a bushy, glaucous

with round, thick stems, and very succulent leaves, which are broad, but terminate in a sharp point, and

are so

much

elongated and tapering at the base as to seem petiolated..

The

flowers are produced on long racemes,

on which they are disposed at considerable distances from each other, and each on a long footstalk.
flowers are in the bud,

When

the

and again

after the petals

have

fallen, these

footstalks droop

but when the flowers

are of a faded roseoff

expand, which they do only one at a time, each pedicel in turn stands erect.
colour,

The flowers

and not

large,

notwithstanding the name.

The calyxes

are spotted

and they do not drop

when

the

petals of the flower fade, but close, in a very peculiar manner, over the germen.

Though
it

generally treated as

an annual,
shrubby.
seeds of
it

this species is

properly a perennial, and

if

preserved through the winter

will in time

become

The

flowers remain open only during sunshine.

This species

is

a native of Chili, from which country

It requires a

were brought to the London Horticultural Society by Mr. M'Rae, in 1826.

soil,

warm,

dry,

calcareous

and not too much water, as

if

over watered

it

will soon
it

damp
is

off, or,

in other words,

beeome

rotten just at the collar of the plant.

When

treated as an annual,

generally raised on a hotbed, and

planted out in

May, when

it

will begin to flower in June, continuing to produce a succession of flowers the

it is

whole summer.
winter.

When

treated as a greenhouse plant,

propagated by cuttings, and kept very dry diiring

5.CALANDRINIA DISCOLOR, Undl.

Engritings. Bot. Reg. 1839,
OUT Jiff. 2, in Plate 18.
Specific Character.
a petiole.
t.

THE TWO-COLOURED CALANDRINIA

tUo petals.
Petals
;

? Bot.

Mag.

t.

3357

and

much

longer than the calyx.

Nearly

allied to

C.

grandiflora

but differing in the leaves being larger and obtuse, in

Leaves

fleshy, obovate-obtuse, elongated into

their

under side being somewhat discoloured, and in the flowers being

larger.

Raceme bending,

the pedicel drooping after the falling of

much

[Lindl.)

Description, &c.

One

of the

most splendid flowers grown in British gardens,, and certainly by

far the

handsomest species of Calandrinia.

The

flowers are rose-coloured, with a tinge of purple on the under side

they are very large, and extremely ornamental from the rich mass of golden-coloured anthers in the centre.

The

flowers are produced in the same

manner

as those of C. grandiflora, on similar long racemes, at the same,

or even greater distances from each other,

and the flower-stalks droop in the same remarkable manner when the
faded flower and the swelling germen.
is

flowers fade, the spotted calyx closing over the remaining petals of the

The
take

leaves are very thick and fleshy, and they are of a strangely mottled colour, from which the species
its

said to

name

of discolor.

The numerous and vigorous-growing stems, the thick

;

leaves,

and the long racemes

time could suppose

of flowers, give this plant a very peculiar appearance

it

and no one who sees

little

it for

the

first

possible for so majsive-looking a

bush to spring from the

it is

shining black seed, in the cpurse of a single

it

summer.

Though, like

C grandiflora,
it

said to be properly a perennial, or rather, half shrubby,

succeeds

perfectly well as an annual.

It is not
is

known

of

what country

it is

a native, but from the great similitude

between

it

and C. grandiflora,

probably also from Chili.

;

Its seeds
it

were

SCTit to

the London Horti-

cultural Society

from the Berlin Botanic Garden, in 1835

and, as

seeds freely, they are

now common
The flowers

in every seed-shop.

The

plant figured in the Bot.

Mag.

t.

3357, appears to be a different species.

are shaped like those of C. grandiflora ; the leaves are very long, rather narrow,

and of a bright pink on the Mr. Fischer,

of the Botanic

under side.

The

seeds were received at the

Glasgow Botanic Garden, from the

late

Garden, Gottingen, in 1824, under the name of

particulars,

C discolor,

but the native country of the plant, or any other

were not mentioned.

104

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

London gardens
are generally

Tlie seeds of the Calandrinia discolor of the

off

sown

in

March, on a hotbed, potted

when they come up

into small pots,

and afterwards transplanted into the open border in

May

or the seeds
earlier,
soil,

may

be sown in the open border in May, the only difference being that the first-sown plants will flower
little

though so

as scarcely to be
situation.

worth the trouble of transplanting, &c.

This species requires a rich calcareous

and an open sunny

ground, in a

We

sowed some seeds obtained from Mr. Charlwood, in

May

1838, in the open

to

warm

border, sheltered

by a wall

and the plants grew luxuriantly, being from a foot and a half

two

feet high.
till

The

flowers began to expand in July, and in

August we had a most

brilliant display,

which con-

tinued

the

first frost,

which, though a very slight one, destroyed the Calandrinias completely in a single night.
;

When

young, the Calandrinias are also liable to be killed by the slightest frost
is

and

for this reason, in gardens

where there

but

little shelter, it is

always

safest to raise the plants

on a hotbed.

OTHER
These are very numerous
as annuals.
;

SPECIES.

but

we

believe that no others have been as yet introduced that can be treated

GENUS
Lin.

II.

CLAYTONIA,
Lin. Syst.

THE CLAYTONIA.
claws connate at the base.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
;

GiHiRic CBAnACTER.. Sepals 2, permanent. Petals Lobes stigmatose

6, unguiculatcd
inside.

Stamens

S.

Style

1, trifid at

the apex.

Capsules 3-valved, 3-seeded.

(G. Don.)
;

Description, &c.
certainly not

Succulent plants with small

for their beauty,

flowers, usually white or rose-coloured

shall

which, as they are

details.

worth cultivating

we

only say a few words

Bot.

of,

without entering into

1. CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA, Don.

.

Mag.

t.

1336.

This species was discovered on the North-west coast of North America, by Archibald Menzies, Esq., and

sent

by him

to the

Kew

Gardens, in 1796.

The

flowers are white, and very small

and the

leaves,

which are

rather short and broad, are eatable, like those of the

common

Purslane.
1309.

2. C. ALSINOIDES,
This species resembles the
introduced in 1794.
3.

Sims, Bot. Mag.

its

t.

common Chickweed,

except in

succulent leaves.

A native of North America,

ROSEA,
Dec.

C.

SIBIRICA,

Sims, Bot.

Mag.

t.

2243

Sweet, Brit. Flow. Card.

t.

16.

C.

ALSINOIDES,
;

var.

A dwarf
native of

plant, not

growing above six inches high, with pink flowers

said also to.be found wild in Siberia.
Fisch.

very suitable for rockwork.

Nootka Sound, and

Introduced in 1820, and worth cultivating.

2nd
Ser.
t.

4. C. GYPSOPHILOIDES

et

Mey.

Brit. Flow. Card.

375.

A native of the

Russian colony of Ross, in California, whence seeds were

It is low-growing, with a great

first

sent to St. Petersburg,

and
of

thence, in 1837, to England.

number

of grass-like stems,
soil,

and a profusion

very small bright pink flowers.

vating for rockwork.

All the Claylonias require a dry sandy

and the

last

two

are worth culti-

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

jqS

CHAPTER XIX.
SILENACE.E.
EsiKKTiu Charactir.
of 5 sepals.
or 8

Petals 4

Calyx

S-toothed, 5-cleft or

5-parted, or

central.

Nodose

articulated berbs

leaves simple, opposite, or verticil-

5, unguiculate, rarely absent.

Stamens 4

5,

late, rising

from the nodi.

10, hypogynous.

Capsule 2

5-valved, 5-celled;
1

(G.

Don.)

placenta fail

Description, &c.

The order
;

to

which the pink and the carnation belong, cannot

it

to be an interesting

one to every grower of flowers

perennial ones, they are yet
all

and, though the annual species

all

contains are very inferior in beauty to the

ornamental, and

worth

cultivating, either for the

;

open border, or

for rock-

work.

This order formed part of Caryophyllem., according to Jussieu

but that order has been, by modern

the genera the flowers of which have

botanists, divided into Silenac&E

and Alsinacew

the former comprising

all

clawed petals, like the pink

chickweed.

and the

latter those

having flowers the petals of which are not clawed, like the

The principal genera belonging to this order that contain annual flowers are, Silene, Saponaria,

Gypsophila, Dianthus, and Agrottemma.

GENUS
SILENE,
Generic Character.

I.

Lin.

THE

SILENE,

OR CATCH-FLY.
Stamens 10.
Styles 3.

Lin. Syst.

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Petals 5,
I

Calyx

tubular, 5-toothcd, naked.

of pctal.like bifid scales in the throat.

Cap-

unguiculate, with an entire or bifid limb, usually furnished with a crown

sulea S-celled at the base, opening at the top, 6- toothed,

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

Nearly
;

all

the species of this genus have a viscid, frothy moisture on their stalks, in

which

it

is

said

flies

are easily entrapped,

and hence their popular English name of Catch-fly.

Part of the

species are perennial,

and many of them are common British weeds.

so

All the kinds bear a very strong family

likeness to each other

it

much

so indeed, that

when

several species are

grown

in the

same garden, they give

except taking care
thinly,

an

air of

monotony.

All the annual kinds are very hardy, and require but
to remain, as they do not well bear transplanting
all
;

little culture,

to

sow them where they are

and sowing the seeds rather

as they

keep well, and will nearly

vegetate.

None

of the species have

any pretensions

to be called handsome,

but they are most of them pretty.

1. SILENE VESPERTINA,
SvNONYMES.

Retx.
I

THE EVENING
Specific Character.

SILENE.
diffuse,

Engravings. Bot. Mag.

Description,

S. bipartita, Z)es/.
t.

Lychnis prostrata, ffor*.

t.

Pubescent; stems branched,

Lobes obtuse
;

Leaves
bl.iddery-

677, Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard.

11, and

spatulate, acute, on ciliated petioles.

Racemes secund. Calyx (G. Don.)

oMr fig. 5, in Plate 19.

clavated.

Petals 2-parted.

&c.This

species has rose-coloured flowers,

its

and

difi\ise

decumbent stems
it

and

it is

remarkable

for the

abundance and duration of

but
it

flowers.

It

is

a native of Morocco, where

was discovered by Desfonwas introduced

in 1796.

taines

has also been found wild in corn-fields in Portugal and Greece.

It

On

the 12th of

June

last

we had
so

the pleasure of seeing the beautiful flower-garden of B. struck with the rich effect produced
its

H. Jenkinson,

Esq., at

Norbiton Hall, and

that

we were

much

by masses

of this plant on the lawns,

we do

not hesitate strongly to recommend

dry, sandy
soil.

culture in

all similar

situations.

Like

all

the ^ilenes,

it

requires a

warm,

106

THE

LADIKS'

FLOWER-GARDEN

2. SILENE PENDULA,
Engravings.

Lin.

THE PENDULOUS
Specific Character.
lanccolato.
bifid,

SILENE.
trailing.

Bot. Mag.

t.

114, and our^i/. 2, in Plate 19.

Pubescent, branched,
pendulous.

Leaves ovatePetals

ViRiETY.

S. p.

2 erectiHora,

Olth,

syn.

S. scabiiflora, Brot.,

Flowers

axillary,

Calyx

inflated.

has the flowers erect and purple.

crowned.

(G. Don.)
It
is

Description, &c.

procumbent

species,

with flesh-coloured flowers.

a native of the south of

Europe, and was introduced in 1731.

adapted for rock- work.

Its culture is the

same

as that of the preceding species,

and

it is

well

3. SILENE LACERA,
Engraving.

Sims.

THE FRINGED
on long
foot-stalks.

SILENE.
inflated.

Bot. Mag.

t.

2255.
leaves ovate-lanceolate, undulated,

Calyxes greatly

Petals jagged, with

Specific Character.

Hispid;

the appendages two-paxted.

Alternate stamens, defluxed.

{G.Don,)

Description, &c.
It is

A very handsome
it

procumbent
It

species,

with white cut flowers, suitable for rock-work.

in

a native of Caucasus, where

grows on rocks.

was introduced
lost.

1818

but, as

its

name

is

not

now

in

any

of the nurserymen's seed catalogues,

we

fear

it

has been

4.SILENE ATOCION, Murr.

Specific Character.

THE ATOCION
protulierances.

SILENE.
by two

Stem

branched, viscid, pubescent.

Leaves

obtuse, with an acute tooth on each side at the base, crowned

roundish-obovate, lower ones on long footstalks, upper ones sessile.

Panicle fastigiate, trichotomous.

(G.
;

Don.)

Calyx long, clavate.

Petals obcordate,

Description, &c.
introduced in 1781.

Rather
Seeds

a showy species, with pink flowers

a native of the Levant, whence

it

was

may

bo procured in any seed-shop, and they

may

be sown and treated like those of

Floa Adonis.

6. SILENE PICTA,
Engravings.
Plato 19.

Pers.

THE PAINTED
Specific

SILENE.

Svrt.

Brit.

Flow. Card.

t.

92, and our Jig. 6, in

Character.

Stems
;

much

brancbed, bardly pubescent.

Lower leaves obovatc-spatulate

upper ones linear, acute.

Flowers

SvNoNYMES.
anastomosans.

S.

Reinwardtii,

Holh.
Thore.

S.

reticulata,

Hort.

S.
i

loosely panicled.

Calyx

clavate, striped with red.

Petals two-parted,

Lag.

? S. bicolor,

reticulated, crowned.

(Don.)

Description, &c.
It is a native of the

A very ornamental
in

species,

growing about a
it

foot high,

with beautifully veined flowers.

Seeds

west of France, near Dax, whence

was introduced

in 1817.

may

be had at

all

the

seed-shops

and,

if

sown

May,

the plants will flower in August.

6.SILENE MUSCIPULA,
Specific

Lin.

THE TRUE CATCH-FLY.

ones
linear.
bifid.

Character.

Plant

smoothish, clammy.

Stem
;

erect.

Flowers

panicled.

Calyx amply

clavated,

netted.

Branches alternate, long.

Lower

leaves lanceolate-spatulate

upper

Petals

(G.Don.)
flies light

Description, &c.

The flowers
when

are intensely red

is

and the leaves and stem so clammy, that when

It

upon

it

they become entangled, so that this plant

genus, as Clusius,
describing
it,

a true Catch-fly.
it

was indeed

this plant that

gave the
It
is

name toihe

called

Muscipula, or Catch-fly, from this property.

a Bfrtive of Spain; but was introduced into English gardens before 1596.

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

107

7SILENE
SyKoNYMEs

ARMERIA,

Lin.

LOBEL'S CATCH- FLY.

branched. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather cordate at the base.
in

Cucubalus
Eng. Bot.

fasciculatus
t.

Lam.

Wild Sweet William.

Flowers

Enqbavincs.

1398, and out Jiff. 4, in Plate 19.

corymbose panicles.

Calyx

long,

clavated.

Petals

obcoidate,

Vjkiety. S. A. 2
Specific

alba,

Dec.

Flowers white.
quite

crowned.
glaucous.

(G.

Don.)

Chahactek.

Plant

smooth,

Stem

Desceiption, &c.

A well-known

flower, which, without

much

beauty, has kept

It is

ite

place in our gardens

all

Bince the earliest period in

which we have any record of them.

mentioned by Gerard, and

the early

writers on plants.

It derives its popular English

name from L'Obel, a

native of Flanders,

who was

botanist to

James

I.

In L'Obel's great work on

plants, the Adversaria, published in

;

London

in 1570, he describes this

plant as a kind of

Mmcipula, or Catch-fly

and as

it diff'ers

considerably in general appearance from the true

Catch-fly (Silene Muicipula), which had been previously described

in order to

by

Clusius,

it

was

called L'Obel's Catchfly,

distinguish

it.

It is a native of

France and Switzerland, and has been found occasionally in

Its culture is very simple
;

England, on the banks of

fields,

or on old walls.

as the seeds will

come up, and the

if

plants flower well, in almost every kind of soil and situation.

The seed

is

produced in great abundance, and

allowed to ripen on the plant

it

will

sow

itself.

Like

all

other flowers this species will, however, be improved

by

being sovra carefully as directed for Flos Adonis (see p. 3),

and thinned out when the plants come up.

8.SILENE QUINQUEVULNERA,
Engratikos.

Lin.

THE FIVE-WOUNDED CATCH-FLY.

with short teeth.
Petals roundish, entire, with bicuspidate appendages.

Eng. Bot.

t.

Specific Character.
lanceolate, lower

Pubescent,

86, and our fig.

viscid.

1, in Plate

19.

Stems branched.
Calyx very

Leaves
villous,

(G. Don.)

ones obtuse.

Spike secund.

Description, &c.

The

flowers of this species, though small, are very pretty, from the dark crimson spot

in the centre of each petal.

The

plant

is

a native of England, and other parts of Europe, and was formerly a

It is

very favourite flower in English gardens.

occasionally with very good effect.

now

comparatively neglected,

but might

still

be introduced

The

culture should be the

same

as that of the other species.

OTHER KINDS OF SILENE.

S.

RUBELLA,

Lin.

This

is

a smooth glaucous

plant, with rose-coloured flowers;

a native of Portugal and the Levant;

introduced in 1732.
S.

CARNOSA, Manch.
It is not

very pretty species, the flowers of which are purple, bordered with white.
it is

known

of

what

country

a native

but

it first

appeared in English gardens about 1823.

S.

CONICA,

Lin.

plant with red flowers, growing wild in England.

;

S.

conoidea, Lin.,

is

supposed by some botanists to

it,

be a variety of this species

and

there are several other kinds very nearly allied to

S.

ANGLICA,

Lin.

This kind

is

very hairy and viscid.

It is

It has white petals, occasionally

marked with a red

is

spot in each, like

in corn-fields

those of 5. quinqitevulnera.

a native of England and France, and

very

common

on a

gravelly or sandy

soil.

p2

108

THE LADIES' FLOWER GARDEN

S.

LUSITANICA,

Lin.

Bears considerable resemblance to S. anglica, except in liaving flesh-coloured petals.

It is a native of Spain

and Portugal, and was introduced in 1732.

natives of Spain, France,

There are several other species nearly allied to the last

two

kinds,

and

Africa.
S.

NOCTURNA,

Lin.

A species
A

with rose-coloured flowers, a native of the south of Europe, introduced in 1683.

S.

CINEREA,

Desf.

plant remarkable from

its

silky-greyish hue, with white flowers, and an almost procumbent stem.

in I8I8.

It

is

a native of Algiers, and

was introduced

S.

NYCTANTHA,

Willd.

The

leaves are
it is

somewhat

fleshy,

and the flowers are of a greenish-yellow.

it is

The plant was introduced about

1815, but

not stated of what country

a native.

S.

DISTACHYA,

Brot.

The
spikes.

petals of the flowers are pale purple above, but green beneath,

and so much cut as to appear each in two

The plant

is

a native of Portugal, near Coimbra, and was introduced in 1817.

S.

COLORATA,

Schomb.
;

This species, and S. discolor, Smith, very closely resemble S. distachya

ornamental.
S.

and

all

the three kinds are very

NIC^ENSIS,
it is

All.

Tliis species is well

adapted for rock-work

procumbent, and grows in great abundance on the sandy

shores of the Mediterranean.

The

petals are white

on the upper surface ; but of a pale yellowish-purple beneath.

S.

It is a native of the country near Nice,

Desf., are very nearly allied species.

and was introduced in 1820.

are all very ornamental,

ramosa, G. Don., and

S.

arenaria,

They

and very

suitable for rock-work.

S.

NOCTIFLORA,

Lin.

This plant
flowers,

is

a true Catch-fly, being covered with a

colour,

clammy

pubescence.

It derives its

name from

its

which are of a pale blush

expanding only at night.

S.

CRETICA,
It
is

Lin.
;

This species has deep rose-coloured flowers.

introduced in 1732.
S.

a native of Crete, on rocks by the sea-side

and

it

was

RETICULATA, De^.
is

This species

is

remarkable for

its

calyx, which

marked with ten prominent dark purple

and rose-coloured.

stripes,

with net-

work between

of the

same

colour.

The flowers

are small,

The

species

is

a native of Algiers,

and was introduced

in 1804.
S.

ORCHIDEA,

Lin.

The

flowers resemble those of some of the kinds of Orchis, and both the calyx and the petals are rose-

coloured.

The plant

is

a native of the Levant, and the Grecian Isles, and

it

was introduced

in 1781.

There are

many

other species, but

we have

selected the

most remarkable.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

iQg

GENUS
SAPONARIA,
Lin.

II.

THE SAPONARIA, OR SOAPWOET.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
naked
at the base.

Lin. Syat.

Genkric Charactkr.

Calyx

tubular, S.toothed,

Petals 5, unguiculate.

Stamens 10.

Styles 2.

Capsule 1-celled.

(G. Don.)
;

Description,

&c

This genus approaches very near to that of Silene

of the styles.

the principal differences being in

the capsule and in the

number

In Silene the capsule

is 3-celled,

and in Saponaria

it

is

1-celled

the petals of Silene are usually furnished with a crown of petal-like scales at the throat, but those of Saponaria are destitute of these appendages
;

and the former genus has three

styles,

while the latter has only two.

We
alike.

have mentioned these points of difference because, to a general observer, the two genera appear very much

The

leaves of all the plants belonging to Saponaria are said

to produce a lather like that of soap,

when

bruised and afterwards agitated in water.

I. SAPONARIA VACCARIA, Lin.

Enghavings.. Bot. Mag.
t.

THE COW-HERB SOAPWORT.

Specific

2290, and

om Jig.

7, in Plate 19.

Character.

Flowers

panicled.

Calyxes

pyramidal,

Synonyme.

Variety

Lychnis Vaccaria, Scop.

S.
v.

GypsophilaVaccaria, j^mi/A.
Petals

smooth, 5-angled.
lanceolate, sessile.

Bracteas membranaceous, acute.

Leaves ovate*

grandiflora,

Fisch.

broad,

naked,

crenate, and emarginate.

native of Iberia.

(G. Don.)
plant, with red flowers
;

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

A strong-growing
It

a native of corn-fields in France, Germany,

is

Switzerland, and the Levant.

Vaccaria, or Cow-herb,

was

introduced before 1596, as it

mentioned by Gerard.

The name

of

was given

to this plant, from its being supposed to increase greatly the milk of cows.
;

The

seeds are

common

in all the seed-shops

they should be sown like those of Flos Adonis (see

p. 3),

and the

plants thinned out

when about two

inches high.

OTHER SPECIES OF SAPONARIA.

S.

PERFOLIATA,

Roxb.

Closely resembling S. Vaccaria, of which

in 1800.
S.

it is

probably a variety.

A native

of the East Indies, introduced

DIOICA,

Schlecht. et

Cham.

native of

Buenos Ayres

is

probably another variety of the same species.

S.

CALABRICA.

Gua$.

This

is

a very beautiful plant, strongly resembling the perennial species of the genus (5. oeymoides), so often
S. calalrica
is,

found on rock- work.

however, of more erect growth, and has beautiful rose-coloured flowers.

S.

PORRIGENS,

JCin.

The
but
it

flowers of this species have flesh-coloured petals, and long white stamens.

It is

a native of the Levant

has been in cultivation in British gardens since 1680.

110

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

S.

ORIENTALIS,

Lin.
;

Also a native of the Levant, which has been in cultivation in Britain since 1732
snia'il

it is

a low plant, with very

purplish flowers.
soil,

All the kinds require a light dry sandy

and to be sown where they are to remain.

GENUS
GYPSOPHTLA,
Lin. Syat.

III.

Lin.

THE GYPSOPHILA.
Petals 6, not unguiculato.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Stamens 10.
Capsule 1-celled (G. Don.)

Generic Character.

Calyx campanulate, angular,

somewhat 5-lobed, with membranous margins.

Styles 2.

Description, &c.

This genus

differs

from Silene and Saponaria

in the calyx being campanulate,

and not and

tubular, and in the petals being not decidedly unguiculate.

The name

of the genus expresses lime-loving,

soil.

consequently

all

the plants belonging to

it

prefer a calcareous or chalky

Their flowers are generally small

but pretty, and the plants themselves are quite hardy and of easy culture.

1.GYPSOPHILA VISCOSA, Murr.

Specific Character

THE CLAMMY GYPSOPHILA.

;

Flowers fastigiately-corymbose

branches divaricating

leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth, cordate at the base, and clasping

;

the stem; space of stem between the leaves

clammy in

the middle; petals retuse

segments of the calyx broad, obtuse.

it is

(G. Don.)
The
seeds

Desceiption, &c.
work.

This

is

the commonest kind of Gypsophila, and

It is

very frequently planted on rockin 1773.

The

flowers are pink or white.

a native of the Levant, and was introduced

may

be purchased in any seed-shop, and they should be sown on the rock- work where they aie to remain in

April.

2. GYPSOPHILA ELEGANS,
SpBcinc Character.

Bieh.
;

THE ELEGANT GYPSOPHILA.

and stamens
;

Flowers dichotomously-panicled, glabrous

petals eroarginate, twice as long as the calyx

fleshy.

leaves lanceolate,

somewhat

(G. Don.)
difi^ering

Description, &c.

A very pretty
soil

little

plant with a pink flower,

It
is

from G.

viscosfi

chiefly in the

loaves being narrower, and acute at both ends.

seeds

a native of Tauria, and was introduced in 1818.

;

The

may be procured at

Charl wood's, and in other seed-shops

and, like those of

all
it

the species of Gi/psophila, they

should be sown in a dry

chalky

if

possible,

but

if

this be not practicable,

should be gravelly or sandy.

This species

is

well

grown

in Lee's nursery.

Hammersmith.

OTHER SPECIES OF GYPSOPHILA.

G.

SAXIFRAGA,

Lin.

This
is

is

supposed to be the same as Dianthus saxifraga.

it is

It has rose-coloured flowers

and fibrous

roots.

It

a native of Europe in stony or rocky places, and

well adapted for rock- work.

.^-^'V ^/'/?//r*<y

/i i f/ tyfUt-od

.da.i.cxt^-m'mA

,t<?/f

jdfar.-

if.

.-,/*frviui-nM^ Ii%i^'^

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

j^j

G.

TENELLA,

Pair.
;

A
is

rock-plant with very slender stems and pink or white flowers

introduced in

816, but from what country

not known.
G.

ROKEJEKA,

Del.

Flowers white, striped with purple, and capsules globose.

G.

native of Egypt.

COMPRESSA,

Desf.

Greatly resembling the preceding species.

A native of Barbary.

GENUS
DIANTHUS,
Lin. Syst.

IV.

Lin.

THE PINK.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
2

GtNERic CiiARACTEH.-Oalyx

tubular. S-tootlied, furnished with

imbncatc, opposite scales at the base.

Petals S, with long claws.

Stamens 10.

Styles 2.

Capsule 1-celled.

Seeds compressed.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

Perhaps

no flowers are better known or more generally cultivated than the perennial

plants belonging to this genus.

The pink, the

carnation,

and the sweet-william, are in every garden, and are

;

universal favourites.

The annual kinds

are not so well

known

and, as they are mostly English weeds, they

of the genus
is

are but seldom cultivated.

The most popular annual garden flower

the Chinese pink, Dianthus

flowers and ripen
its

chinensu ; which, though generally called a biennial in books, will both produce
the same year that
it is

its

seeds

sown.

1. DIANTHUS CHINENSIS,
Engra VINOS.
Variety.

Lin.
what

THE CHINESE
aggregate
;

PINK.
linear-lanceolate, leafy, cuspidate,
;

D.

Bot, Mag.
c.

t.

28, and ont Jig, 1, in Plate 20.

caljcino

scales

flore pleno,

Hort.^ has the ilowers semi-double.

ilowers solitarj', or some-

spreading, equal in length with the tulie

petals toothed, purple or

Specific Character.

Stem
two

branched,

white, spotted with red

leaves lanceolate, pale green.

(G. Don.)
bed of

Description, &c.
seedlings, scarcely

The

variety of colours produced

by

these flowers

is

so great, that in a large

will be found alike.

Their shades, however, only vary from a rich dark crimson to pink
belief.

and white, but the various manners in which these colours are combined and varied almost exceed
astonishing variety renders the Chinese pink very valuable for flower-gardens, though
the fragrance of
its
it

This

is

entirely destitute of
is

perennial relations, the carnation and

it

common

pink.

The Chinese pink

It

a native of China,
to

from which country

was brought

to Paris

by some French

missionaries in 1705.

was afterwards sent "When

England, according to the Hortus Kewensis, in 1713, and has since been constantly in cultivation.
to itself it is decidedly

left

an annual, but

it

may be preserved two or more years by cutting

it

ofl"

the seed-pods the

moment

the flowers begin to decay, and never sufifering

to ripen seed.

Most annuals,

if

sheltered from frost

during winter,

may

be preserved in a similar manner.

The

seeds of the Chinese pink should be

sown

in a dry
trans-

warm

border in April, or they

may

be sown in a hot-bed in February and planted out in May.

When

planted, care should be taken not to break the ball of earth

round the

roots.

The

plants seldom require thinning,

112
as they do not spread

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
unless kept in masses.

much, and produce very

;

little effect

They look

best in a

warm

sunny border, backed by evergreen shrubs

colours of the flowers require
relief.

as the foliage of the pinks is scarcely seen,

and the somewhat gaudy

Seeds

may

be procured at any seed-shop.

OTHER ANNUAL KINDS OF DIANTHUS.

D.

PROLIFER,

Lin.

THE COMMON WILD

PINK.
it is less

This species

is

found in great abundance in every part of Europe, though

plentiful in

England than

on the Continent.

The flowers

are produced in heads,

and are of a pale pink.

D.

ARMERIA,

Lin.

THE DEPTFORD

PINK.
It is found

The

flowers are speckled with pink and white, and only one opens at a time in each tuft.

abundantly in England and throughout Europe.

D.

CORYMBOSUS,

Sib. et Smith,

has the flowers rose-coloured above and spotted, but yellowish-green beneath. has not yet been introduced.
D.

It

is

a native of Asia Minor, and

ARMERIOIDES,

Raf.

A native of New Jersey in

North America, with red

flowers, introduced in 1826.

GENUS

V.

AGROSTEMMA,
Generic Charactfji.

Lin.

THE AGROSTEMMA, OR ROSE CAMPION.

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Styles 5.
Petals 5, unguiculate, furnished witli a crown of petal-like scales in the throat.

Lin. Syst.

Calyx

5-toothed, naked.

Stamens 10.

Capsule 1-celled.

Description, &c.
principally

The

genera Lychnis,

AgrosUmma, and

Githago, are

distinguished

from each other

by the shape

of the calyx,

and the presence or absence of the

anthophorum, or receptacle on which

the petals, stamens, and ovary, are seated.

The

plants belonging to these genera are called

by

different

names

by

different botanists

and, according to the Linnsean system, some flowers were called Lychnis, that are

now

considered to belong to Agrostemma ; and the reverse.

Under

these circumstances,

we have not thought

it

worth

while to describe the three genera, but shall include the very few annual species belonging to them under the

genus Agrostemma.

1.AGROSTEMMA C(ELI ROSA, Lin.

Syhonyme. Lychnis Coeli-Rosa, Des. Engravings. Bot. Mag. 295, and out Varieties. These numerous; but they
t.

THE ROSE OP HEAVEN, OR SMOOTH-LEAVED LYCHNIS.

SpnciFic CHAftACTER
cled, erect.

Plant glabrous.
solitary,

Stem dichotomously
Leaves
linear,

pani-

Jig. 2, in Plate 20.

differ chiefly in

Flowers
very
long.

terminal.

Calyx clavated, with ten

acute.

are

the

ribs.

Lobes

acute.

Petals

lobed.

leaves being smooth or rough, and the stems

decumbent or

erect.

Anthophorum

(G. Don.)
and the Levant, which was introduced

Description, &c.
in 1739,

A very elegant
by

hardy annual, a native of

Sicily

and

first

cultivated

Miller, in the Chelsea Botanic Garden.

The

seeds,

which are common

;

in the

seed- shops, should bo sown, early in April,

where they are to remain, and the plants not thinned out

as,

when

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
allowed room to spread, they become straggling and untidy.
tolerably large beds, as the vivid colour of the flowers,

13

The

plants look best

when sown

so as to

form

combined with their want of adequate

soil,

foliage,

makes
six

them look best in masses.

inches high, and
difierent colour.

When

the seed
fine

is

sown

thinly on rather dry

the plants will not

grow above
is

wiU produce a

mass of red
.

for a geometrical flower-garden, in

which each bed

of a

2.AGROSTEMMA L.a;TA,
Synonymes.
Specific Character.

Ait.

THE PRETTY ROSE CAMPION.

palustris,

Lychnis

Brot., L.

laeta,

Ait.

Flowers

Bolitary.

Calyxes with 10

ribs.

Petals bifid.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, rather ciliated. (G. Con.)

Description, &c.

This

pretty, joyful-looking little plant, seldom

It is in

grows above three inches high, and has

found in bogs and moist meadows near

bright rose-coloured flowers.

a native of Portugal, and

;

is

chiefly

Coimbra.

It

was introduced

1778
;

and,

when planted
;

in beds, it forms a rich

mass of

flowers.
;

Seeds

may

be had at Lee's,
Street, CJovent

Hammersmith
;

Noble's,

Fleet-street

Charlwood's

Carter's,

Holborn

Kernan's, James

Garden

and,

we

believe,

most other seed-shops, under the name of Lydinis

lata.

a AGROSTEMMA
Engraving.

GITHAGO,

Lin.
on long
corolla.

THE CORN COCKLE.

stalks.

SYNONYMES.-Githago segetum, Deaf., Lychnis Githago, Lam.

Leaves linear.

Calyx equal

in

length to

the

Eng.

Bot.

t.

741.
hairy.

Specific Character.

Plant

(G. Don.)
makes an elegant garden-flower.

Stem dichotomouB.

Flowers

Description, &c.
Its

This, though a troublesome

weed

to the British farmer,

colour

is

purple, with bluish streaks;

and

it

looks best

sown

in patches.

The French

Com

Cockle

(A. NiCEENSis, Pers.), which grows wild near Nice, has white flowers, which are sometimes streaked with red.
It

was introduced

in 1794.

Both plants are rather tall-growing, and require training

to sticks, or tying

up

in

some way, to make them look neat.

GENUS
VELEZIA,
Lin. Syst.

VI.

Lin.

THE VELEZIA.
Stamens 10.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Capsule 1-celled

GsNBRic Character

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed.

Petals 5, with long filiform bearded claws, and an emarginate limb.

Styles 2.

(G. Don.)

1.V. RIGIDA, Un.

A beautiful
for

little plant,

with white flowers, having a rose-coloured border: quite hardy, and well-adapted

rock-work.

It is a native of France,
;

and was introduced into Scotland

lost, as

in 1683,
it is

whence

it

was soon

after

brought to England

but

it is

now

probably

we do

not

know where

to be procured.

2.V. QUADRIDENTATA,
has rose-coloured petals, and
80
is

Sib. et

SmUh.

a native of Asia Minor.

effect.

Though the

flowers of these plants are small, they are

abundant as to produce a very pretty

soil,

If not intended for rock-work, they should be

sown

in a

dry

sandy

in a

warm open

situation, fully

exposed to the sun.

114

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER GARDEN

CHAPTER XX.
LIMNANTHACE^.
EssENTUL CiuiucTER,

A Simple

Style.

Fruit divided into deep lobes.

Gynobase nerer
'

fleshy.

Stamens perigynous.

(Line//.)

GENUS

I.

LIMNANTHES,
Lin.
St/St.

B. Br.

THE LIMNANTHES.
Stamens 10.
Capsules
5.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Petals 5.

Generic Characteh.

Calyx 5-parted.

{^Hook.)

1. LIMNANTHES DOUGLASII, R. Br.

Engravings.
3, in Plate 20.

DOUGLAS'S LIMNANTHES.
and about
as long as the leaves.

Specific
terete,

Bot. Reg. 1673, Ciuractbr. Plant

t.

Bot. Mag.

t.

3554, and

om fig.

axillary,

Flowers

solitary.

Calyx

deeply cut into 5 spreading segments.

Petals 5.

Stamens 10, shorter

Stigmas of

glabrous.

Stems much branched,

long
petioles,

than the petals.

Style single, shorter tlian the stamens.

decumbent.

Leaves alternate
or incised,

on

pinnate.

5 rays each, tipped

wth

little

globose head.

Leaflets acute, entire,

sometimes pinnatiBd.

Peduncles

Description, &c.
Its flowers,

very pretty hardy annual, introduced by poor Douglas, in 1832, from California.
their colour,

which are fragrant, are curious from

which

is

half bright-yellow,

and half pure white.

The

steins are

much branched and decumbent,

;

so that a single plant covers a large space.

The

leaves are
bitten,

slightly pinnate
like the

and the

leaflets are

deeply cut.

The whole plant

shady
is

is

rather succulent, and tastes,

when

Nasturtium, or water-cress.

It requires a moist

situation,

having been found near a lake.

The

name Limnanthes,

indeed, signifies a lake-flower.

This plant

interesting to the botanist, from its having been

made, by Dr. Brown, the type of a

new

order.

The

order, indeed, only includes this genus

and Floerkea,

another Californian annual, not yet introduced.

annuals,

The

seeds of the Limnanthes, like those of all the Califomian

is

may

be sown at almost any season,

when

the ground
for

not hard with

it is,

frost,

and they

will generally be
it

in flower about six

weeks

after sowing.

The usual season

sowing

however, April, when

will flower

early in June.
to remain.

Seeds

may

be had at any of the seed-shops, and they should be sown thinly where they are

CHAPTER XXI,

TROPiEOLACE^.
Essential Character.
distinct spur
;

Sepals 5,

the upper one with

a long

Ovules

solitary, pendulous.

Fruit indehiscent, separable into 3 pieces

filling

eestivation quincuncial.

Petals 5, unequal, irrregular ;

from a common
jn which they

axis.
lie.

Seeds large, without albumen,

the cavity

the 2 upper sessile and remote, arising from the throat of the calyr, the 3 lower stalked and smaller, sometimes abortive.
perigynous, 3-cornered,
distinct.

Embryo

large.

Cotyledons 2, straight, thick,

Radicle lying withiu pro-

Anthers innate,
of 3
carpels*

erect,

2-ceUed.
1.

Stamens 8, Ovary 1,
acute.

consolidated together into a single body.

jections of the cotyledons, (/.inrf/.)

made up

Style

Stigmas 3,

GENUS

I.

TROP^OLUM,
Lin. Syst.
Generic Character.

Lin,

THE NASTURTIUM.
Petals 5, 3 lower ones smaller or vanished.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
8, free.

Calyx

5-parted, upper lobe furnished with a spur.

Stamens

(G. Don.)
much
cultivated, that there

Description, &c.
is

The two commonest kinds

has ever seen a garden,

of these beautiful flowers are so

is

scarcely a child,

who

who

not acquainted with them.

Tropceolum minus was the

i^i<f/t.awf^my

5*

^rrn>iji^^<J'

it'" ^

/
t^-tc-ztif^^*

n^a^-**^

^1.^ut^/'.u^

.mv.^^_

^ Ju^/,^^.^

^'u.nc.^./ii^^

^/

j.

,"''

t^a-Wr.^,

^^t^MU

; ;

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
first

15

introduced, and therefore

we

shall dcscrihe it first.

Botanically considered, what

we

call

the flower

is in

fact a coloured calyx, the real petals being small, and alternating with the lobes of the calyx, in the

mouth

of

the spur of which they are fixed.

The name, Tropceolum,

and the flowers

is

derived from a Greek word, signifying a trophy

in allusion to the leaves being like bucklers,

like helmets.

1 TROP^OLUM
Engravings
Bot. Mag.
t.

MINUS,

Lin.

THE LESSER NASTURTIUM, OR SMALL INDIAN

Specific Character.
repand.

CRESS.
somewhat

98, and oiir^^. 3, in Plate 21.

Variety
Plate 21.

T. m. 2

ft.

plena.

{G. Don.)
is

Leaves

peltate, nerved, orbicular,

Sec out fig. i, in

Nerves mucronate

at the

apex.

Petals each ending in a

This has double flowers, and

a beautiful plant.

bristle-like point.

(G. Don.)
now become
comparatively rare in our
It has smaller flowers, with

Description, &c.
gardens
less
;

This

species,

though the

first

introduced, has
its

its

modest merits having been eclipsed by

more showy

rivals.

much

orange and red in them, than the great Nasturtium

the leaves are smaller, of a paler green, and with the

nerves ending in small points.

is

The stems
it

also are different, these being

much more weak and

;

slender.

This plant

a native of Peru, from which country

was sent

to Spain early in the 16th century

and Robin, the gardener

of

Henry IV.

in Paris, having obtained seeds of

it,

sent

them

to his " loving friend " Gerard,

who

first

grew
as
is

the plant in England in his garden, in Ilolborn, before 1596.

The

plant

was described by Dodoneus

Nasturtium indicum, from the resemblance of

Nasturtium, and when
it

its taste to
it

that of the water-cress, the botanic

name

of

which

was brought

to England,

was

called Indian-cress

because in those days the

Spanish possessions in South America were

highly valued at
protecting
it

known by

the general

name

of the Indies.

The

plant
it

was evidently
on a hotbed,

its

introduction

for

Gerard gives somewhat minute

it,

directions for raising

with a mat at night, transplanting

if

&c.

It is

now

found, however, to be perfectly hardy, and to

it

BOW

itself freely

permitted to ripen
it,

its

seed.

In the time of Parkinson,

curiosity."
is

appears to have become quite

common,
of
it,

or, as

he styles

" familiar
its

in

most gardens of any

its

He

gives a very particular description

and not only praises

beauty, but

smell

The passage

so curious, that

we

give

it,

to

show the

ideas our ancestors

had of fragrance.

" The whole flower hath a

fine

small scent, very pleasing, which being

placed in the middle of some carnations, or gilliflowers (for they are in flower at the same time),
delicate tv^simussie, as

make

they

call it, or

nosegay, both for sight and scent."

it

(Paradisus, p. 281.)

When
but, as

the plant was

first

introduced, some botanists thought

it

might be a Clematis, or a Convolvulus

we have

before stated,
it

was afterwards decided

Larkes heelesj and

to be a cress,
it is

" from

its taste

and smell."

About the

time of Parkinson

was

called 1/ello^c

curious that in

some

of the

works

lately published
;

on the language of flowers, those of the Larkspur are said to be yellow, and to signify lightness

the flower
is

meant being evidently not that which we now

the flowers, leaves, and

call

the Larkspur, but the Nasturtium.

;

The plant

eatable

young

shoots, being sometimes used in salads

and the

fruit,

when

pickled, being very

fail

generally employed as a substitute for capers.

if

The

culture

is

very simple, as the seeds seldom

left

to germinate

dropped into the ground without the slightest preparation, and the plant looks best when
it

entirely to itself

When

is

thought desirable to train

it,

it

should be planted close to a wooden paling, or low wall, and the

it.

shoots suffered to grow, or be thrown, over

It should never

be

tied,

or nailed

as, fi-om its

succulent

nature, this could not be done without bruising the shoots,

which woijd instantly wither.

tlie

The

seeds

may

be

purchased in most seed-shops, and they are

much

harder and rounder than those of

larger kind.

a2

lig

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

It is a curious fact relating to this plant, that the caterpillars of the

cabbage

butterflies,

though in general

they feed only on cruciferous plants, will devour

it

with the greatest avidity.

2.TROPiEOLUM MAJUS,
Ehgratings
Varieties
beautiful,

Lin.

THE GREAT NASTURTIUM,

very beautiful, compact-growing dwarf variety, with the leaves on very long footstalks, and bearing abundance of flowers. This variety was
imported, from Ghent, in 1835, by Mr. Knight, of the Exotic Nursery,
Chelsea.
stripe

Bot. Mag.

t.

23, and ovr Jig.

j

1, in

Plate 21.
are very

These are numerous

till

and most of them

attention

though,

lately,

but

little

has been paid to

:

Kusing them.

The

following are the most important and beautiful

The

flowers are of a briglit yellow, with one deep crimson

lobe.

T. m. 2flore plena G. Don, has double flowers. T. m. atrosanguineum, Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. Mag.
t.

up the centre of each

t.

204, Bot.

T, m. 4 hpbridum, 8yn. T. hybridum, Lin.

yellow flowers, without any mixture of orange or
shaped leaves
;

kind with pnle

3375, Paxt. Mag. of Bot.,

;

vol.
it

i.

p.

176, has the whole

scarlet,

and wedge-

flower of a dark, rich, reddish orange

as the

does not grow so luxuriantly

beautiful.

raised in a garden at

Stockholm.

common kind

but

is

much more

This variety

may

Specific Character.
5-lobed.

Leaves

peltate, nerved, orbicular,

at

somewhat

be propagated either by seeds (which, however, do not always come

true), or cuttings, taken off at a joint.

Nerves not mucronate

the

apex.

Petals obtuse.

(G.Don.)
vol.
ii,

T. m. 3 venustum, Hon., Paxt. Mag. of Bot.,

p. 1.04.

A
in the colour of its flowers
easily distinguished
;

Description, &c.

This
It

species varies very

much

and, as before observed,

leaves,

it

has

many marked

varieties.

may, however, always be

from T. minus by the

in a

which

in the latter species,

ia

and

its varieties,

always have the nerves of the leaves ending

variety, T.

mucro, or point, which

never the case with T. majus.

The

m. atrosanguineum,

is

shown

in o\yi Jig. 2, in PI. 21.

A curious
emit

discovery was

made

respecting this plant

by one

of the daughters of Linnaus,

who

died lately at

the advanced age of 96.

This lady, in the year 1762, "observed the Tropaolum majus, or Garden Nasturtium,

sparks or flashes in the

mornings before sunrise, during the months of June or July, and also during the

twilight in the evening, but not after total darkness

came on."

Similar flashes have been produced by other

flowers

and

it

has been observed, that they are always most brilliant before a thunder-storm.
p. 195.

See

Paxt. Mag.

of Bot., vol.

ii.

The
is

properties, habits,

and culture of

this species, are exactly the

same

as those of T.

minus ; but when

light, rich,

it

wished to grow the flowers to the greatest perfection, the seeds should be sown in a

warm

soil.

It

may

here be observed that, though the species of this genus

easily killed

grow

so readily from seeds, they have very small

if

roots,

and are

by

transplanting.

They may

all

be propagated by cuttings, which,

kept in a

greenhouse, will live through the winter, and flower beautifully in spring.

3.TROP.a;OLUM PEREGRINUM,
Synonymss.-T. aduncum. Smith
Engravings.
Reg.
t.
;

Jacq.

THE CANARY-BIRD FLOWER.

Specific

T. canariense,

Hon.
t.

Characteh. Leaves
;

palmate.

The two npper

petals

Bot. Mag.

t.

1351, And. Bot. Rep.

scr.
t.

597, Bot.

larger,

and much cut

the three lower ones fringed.

Spur hooked.

718, Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. 2nd

134, and

om fig.
is

5,

(G. Don.)

in Plate 21.

Description, &c.
like them, it

This very

beautiful plant

a hardy annual, like the other species of the genus

though,

may

be propagated by cuttings, and kept for several years in a greenhouse.

observes, have all tuberous roots.

The

true perennial

species, Professor
it

Don

T. peregrinum

is

a native of Peru, from which country

is

said to have been imported, in 1775,

is,

by Mr. Benjamin Bewick.

;

It is called

Malla by the Indians, and

Paxaritos Amarillos, that

yellow birds, by the Spaniards

and

it

has been cultivated from time immemorial

as an ornamental climber in the gardens of

Lima, and other

cities

of Peru.

In England

it

only requires to be be tlirovsn

;

sown, in April, in a rich light

wlien thus treated,
it

soil

near a wooden paling, or trellis-work, over which "it

may

and,

will

form a splendid ornament to a flower-garden."

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS,

ny

CHAPTER

XXII.

LEGUMINOS^.
Essential Character.

Calyx

.5-cleft,

or 5-toothed, or bilabiate.

free,

usually stipitate.

Segments generally 2-valved,

-celled, or
tlie

Petals usually 5, rarely fewer, papilionaceous, or unequal,

seldom

transversely many-celled.

Seeds fixed to the upper suture of

nearly equal, imbricate in ajstivation, inserted in the bottom of the

calyx, rarely in the torus.

legume by

funicles.

Albumen none.

Leaves usually alternate,

Stamens

inserted with the petals, and

variable, bistipulate.

Flowers of variouft hues.

(G. Don,)

generally twice their number, monadelphous or diadelphous.

Ovarium
is

Description, &c.
which
it

The
is

order Leguminosai

a very interesting one, from the great number of useful plants

contains.

The number

of substances useful in medicine or the arts,

;

which are produced from plants

belonging to this order,

very great

and among them

may

be enumerated balsam of Tolu,

gum arable, liquorice,

tamarinds, senna, logwood, and indigo.

The ornamental

trees

and shrubs belonging

tree, the

to the order are also very

numerous

and among the

trees

may

be mentioned the laburnum, the Judas

Robinia or

false acacia,

and

the true acacias; while

among

the shrubs are the furze, the broom, the bladder-senna,

trefoil, saintfoin,

and many

others.

Besides these plants, peas, beans, vetches, clover,

order.

and lucerne,

all

belong to this important

AU

these plants, various as they are, not only in their uses, but in

many

cases even in the form of their

is

flowers, agree in the important point of bearing their seeds in pods or legumes,

which

the circumstance that

gives the
agree.

name

to the order

and

this is the only point in

which

all

the numerous plants

belonging to

it

The ornamental annual

Lathyrus
;

flowers belonging to LeguminosoB are principally comprised in the genera

all

Lupinus and
though some

but there are garden annuals in almost

the genera in

it

which contain herbaceous

plants,

of those that were formerly favourites are

now

considered not worth cultivation, such as the different kinds of

;

Medicago.

M.

sativa, the

common
:

lucerne, has a pretty purple flower

is still

but the kinds with yellow flowers are

generally not worth growing

of these, Medicago maculata

to be found in nurserymen's catalogues, under

;

the

name

of Snails, the capsules bearing

some resemblance

to snail-shells

the flower

is

yellow, but very small

is

and

insignificant,

and the leaves are small, and of a dingy yellowish green.

Medicago minima

called hedgeleaves.

hogs,

and

M.

denticulata caterpillars,

and both have nothing to recommend them, either in their flowers or

Scorpiurus
Icevigata,

All these kinds of Medicago are natives of Britain.

are also sometimes called
caterpillars,

and other species of the same genus,

;

and

their capsules do bear a striking resemblance to those creatures

but

the plants of the genus Scorpiurus are all natives of the Grecian Archipelago, and other parts of the south of

Europe, and as their flowers are not remarkable for beauty, they are seldom grown in English gardens.
kinds of MelilottM used formerly to be considered as garden flowers.
is

Several
officinalis,

One

species of this genus,

M.

a native of Switzerland, and

is

well-known, from

its

flowers and seeds being the chief ingredients used in

flavouring the Gruy^re cheese.

Some

of the kinds of Tri/olium (clover) were also

is very brilliant in its colour
;

grown
is

in gardens.

The

crimson
to

trefoil (
it

Tri/olium incarnatum)

but

its

growth

too coarse and untidy

make

suitable for cultivation in a flower-garden.

Among

the

number
scarlet

of flowers belonging to this order,

which were formerly cultivated in gardens,

is

may

be mentioned the

runner (Phaseolus multiflorua), which

This plant
is

now

only grown in our kitchen-gardens as a kind of kidney bean.

its introduction in

found in

all
;

the

lists
it

of

ornamental annuals from the time of

1633, to the middle of the

last

century

and

was

118
thought so beautiful, that (as
planting out.
it is

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GAEDEN
it

a native of South America)

was thought worth

plants,

raising on a hotbed before

The genus Crotalaria contains many very showy annual

some of which are hardy ; and

the genera Dorycnium, Lotus, Ononis, &c., a few each.

GENUS

I.

CROTALARIA,
Lin.
Si/st.

Lin.

THE CROTALARIA.
usually many-seeded.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Vexillum

Generic

Character.
Keel

Calyx

5-lobed,

fiubilabiate.

Herbs or shrubs with simple or palmately

flowers,

cordate, large.

foliate,

acuminated.
turgid,

Stamens monadelphous.
with
ventricose valves,

compound

leaves,

and usually yellow

rarely

purplish.

Style

bearded

laterally.

Legume

(G. Don.)
of the flowers of plants belonging to this
it

Description, &c.
genus,
it is

Notwithstanding the extraordinary splendour

little

comparatively

known; and though

;

nearly

all

the annual species composing

have been

introduced, they appear to have been lost

for

we have

not been able to discover any place where

we can
by

procure seeds of them.

Under

these circumstances,
;

we

have not thought

it

worth while to

fill

our pages

going into the botanical details of each species

general idea of the plant.
inflated,

but

we have

only said a few words on each, so as to give a

tlie

The word

Crotalaria signifies a Castanet, and alludes to

ripe.

pods of this genus being

and the seeds rattUng in them, when

C.

ALATA, Ham.

et

Roxb.
It is a native of Nepal,

A plant with pale yellow flowers,

and was introduced
in 1818.

and winged stems, growing about a foot high.

C.

PLATYCARPA,

Link.

Large yellow flowers, with a rich brownish standard, winged stem, and very broad pods.
above a foot high.
It is a native of

Tlie plant

grows

North America, and was introduced

PUESHII, Dec,
syn. C.

in 1823. Pursk.

C.

L^VIGATA,

native of North America; introduced in 1800.

C. parvifloba, Roth.,

introduced in

1817,

and

C. SAGiTTALis, Lin.,

introduced in 1731, are also natives of North America.

C.

ESPADILLA, H.

B.

et

Kunth.

A very remarkable
It is a native of

species, described

by Humboldt.

The

leaves,

when they

first

expand, are of a golden

hairs.

yellow, but gradually become green with age ; and both the leaves and stem are covered with long silky

South America, where

C.

it is

called Espadilla.

It has not yet been introduced.

VERRUCOSA,

Lin.

Bot. Rep.

t.

308; Bot. Reg.

flowers,

t.

1137

Bot.

Mag.

t.

3034.

A beautiful
into

species, vrith purple, blue, green,

is

and white

with anthers of a golden yellow.

if

It is a

native of the East Indies, and

generally kept in the stove ; but

It

raised in a hotbed,

and then planted out

warm

border,

it

will flower well.

was introduced

in 1731.

There

is

a variety sometimes called

C. acuminata, with blue flowers.

C.

RETUSA,

Lin.

Bot. Reg.

t.

253.
is

A
purple.

splendid species, with very large golden yellow flowers, the standard of which

sometimes a bright
islands.

native of the East Indies, but found also in the

Mauritius, and in the

West Indian

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
Introduced in 1731.

119
its

This plant, from

its

being supposed to live only in a stove, and

taking so
cultivated

much room,
;

from
seeds

its

growing two

feet or three feet high,

and branching very much,

it

is

now very

little

but

if

the

were raised on a hotbed, and planted out in June,

C.

would be a great ornament to the flower-garden.

Dec.

LESCHENAULTII,
it is

A native

of the Neilgherry mountains,

where
C.

called Guili-guedje

by the

natives.

The flowers are

of

a pure bright yellow.

SPECTABILIS,

Roth.

The

flowers are of a rich dark purple, with golden yellow anthers.

eflfect.

Plants of this species, and C. retusa

mixed, would produce a magnificent

1820.

C. spcctahilis

is

a native of the East Indies, and was introduced in

C.

JUNCEA,

Lin.

Greatly resembling the

for

common broom.

A native of the
The

East Indies, where

its fibres

are used as a substitute

hemp, and

its

young shoots

as a food for cows.

flowers are small and yellow, but the

eight feet high.

pod
It

is

enormously

large,

being above a foot long and half a foot broad.

The plant frequently grows

allied to this

was introduced

in 1700.

There are several other species very nearly

one

all

of

which have yellow flowers and

rush-like stems.
C.

TECTA,

Roth.
species, natives of the
;

The flowers

are yellow, striped with blackish-brown.

There are several other

East and

West

Indies,

two

of

which are dwarf plants ;

one, C.

nana, Burm, has yellow flowers

and the other

PROSTRATA, Roth.

Both are natives

of the East Indies,

and both have been introduced.

fine effect.

These plants would be

suitable for rock- work in a

warm

situation,

and would produce a

GENUS
LUPINUS,
Lin. Syit.

II.

L.

THE LUPINE.
stigma.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Legume
coriaceous, compressed, torulose.

Generic Chaiuctkr.
sides.

Calyx

bilabiate.

Vexillum reHcxed on the

entire,

Erect herbs, with

Keel acuminated.

Stamens monadelphous, tho^sheatb

digitate leaves,

composed of 5

leaflets, rarely

simple, and racemoBe-

bearing 5 small round anthers, and 5 oblong ones, which are later in

spikes of blue, white or yellow flowers.

(G. Don.)
showy one
and the

coming to perfection.

Style filiform, crowned by a bearded roundish

Description, &c.
to the

The
it

lupine

is

a very interesting plant to the student in botany, as well as a

more general observer.

It is interesting to the botanist on account of the largeness of its seed,

;

distinct

manner

in

which

shows the progress of germination

and

also

from

its

affording an excellent example,

on a large

scale, of

the different parts of a papilionaceous flower.

If the

seed of a lupine be laid in the upper

distinctly traced.

part of a small crocus -glass,

and kept covered with water, the process of vegetation may be

begin to crack and peel
off,

The

aril,

or skin that covers the seed, will first

forth,

to admit the swelling cotyledons, into

which the seed divides, to burst

centre of the seed, the little

and take the form of what are

rises,

called the seed-leaves.

;

From the knot in

the

plumule

with the flower-stalk and true leaves

while the root descends from This large

the same point.

petal
is

The flower

consists of five petals, one of

which

is

much

longer than the others.

called the standard or vexillum,

and

it

stands at the back of the others.

;

In front of the standard are

two much smaller petals, which are called

which form what
is

alae,

or wings

and below them are two petals curiously joined together,

called the carina, or keel.

All papilionaceous flowers are formed in this manner, and they

120
all consist of

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

the same

number

of parts.

The

leaves of most of the annual lupines are

what

is called digitate

that

is,

the leaflets spread out from a

common

centre like the fingers of the hand, and are not disposed in pairs

as leaflets generally are.

leaflets close,

The

leaf of the lupine affords

an example of the sleep of plants, as in the evening, the

leaf.

and hang back upon the footstalk of the

Nearly

all

the lupines are quite hardy and easily

grown, as they require no other care in their culture than simply sowing them.
their seeds

They

generally seed freely, and

keep well, and seldom

fail to

vegetate.

The word Lupine

is

derived from the Latin word Lupus, a

wolf, because the lupines,

when

cultivated for food (as they have been in

soil,

Rome

from the most ancient

times), require an exceedingly rich

and indeed devour,

like a wolf, all the food

they can get.

1. LUPINUS ALBUS,
Synonyme. L. sativus, Gator. Specific Character. Flowers

Lin.
j

THE WHITE LUPINE.

bracteoles
;

upper

lip

of calyx entire, lower one tridentate

leaflets

alternate, pedicellate, destitute of

obovate-oblong, usually 7 or 8, villous beneath.

(G. Don.)
is

Desceiption, &c.

The flowers are white, and with scarcely any

This plant
is

footstalk to each.
it

There

a variety with

the keel of the flower tipped with violet.

Italy and other parts of

a native of the Levant, but

us.

has been long cultivated in

Europe

for food, as peas

soils,

and beans are with

In the north of Italy and the south of

France,

it is

sown on poor dry

in order that,

when

the plants come up, they

may

be ploughed into the

land instead of manure, to increase

of

its fertility,

and

after this treatment the land is said to bear

an excellent crop
it is

com or

grass.

The

practice

is

described

by the ancient Boman

writers on agriculture, exactly as

articles of food;

performed

at the present day.

The Romans

also frequently

mention lupines as
fresh colour

and Pliny says that

Virgil, however,

persons

who

lived principally

upon them always had a

;

and a cheerful countenance.

in

speaks of their extraordinary bitterness

covering them

which, was generally abated by soaking them

the Greeks,
lupines

hot water, and

to

with hot ashes.

Among

were

also used as food,

and were thought

brighten the mind, and quicken the imagination.

Dioscorides recommends
;

them

as a cosmetic, as he says that,

when
soil,

boiled and applied externally, they serve to clear the skin

and Theophrastus says they require a very bad

This species was introduced by Gerard,
Seeds

being of an untameable nature, and delighting most to grow wild.

;

before 1596

and

it is

common

in flower-gardens to the present day.

may

be procured in any seed-shop.

2. LUPINUS HIRSUTUS,
Synonyme.

Lin.

THE HAIRY LUPINE.

trifid.

L. Variety. L.

digitatus,

Forsk.

calyx bipartite, lower one

Leaflete
hairy.

S,

oblong-spatulate, hairy

h. 2 albus, Hort.

on both surfaces.
;

Legumes very

Specific Character.

Flowers

(G. Hon.')
It is

alternate, bracteolate

upper
;

lip of

Description, &c.
remarkable also for
great blue lupine.

very distinct kind

the whole plant being covered with ferruginous hairs.

it

its

large blue flowers,

which have occasioned

to be called in the old books on flowers, the

Nearly

allied to it are the

Rose Lupine {L. pilosm), and the Lesser blue Lupine (L. varius).
it is

L. hirsutus

is

a native of the south of Europe, and was introduced between 1596 and 1629, as
at the former period,
its

not mentioned
Its seeds are

by Gerard, who wrote

though

it is

by Parkinson, who wrote

at the latter.

now

seldom found in the seed-shops, as

it

culture has been partly superseded by the

;

many more
variety of

beautiful kinds
it,

that have been introduced since

was a

favourite

but there
all

is

a beautiful
it

new white

the seeds of
soil

which
it

may

be procured at Carter's, Holbom.

It should

Like

the other lupines,

requires a light but rich

to bring

to perfection.

be sown in March or April, and will flower in June or Jidy.

.<.

U^/-f

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

Jgj

3. LUPINUS BICOLOR,
Enghating
Bot. Reg.
t.

Lindl.

THE TWO-COLOURED LUPINE.

culate, having the upper lip bifid,
entire.

1109.
branched, corymbose, and, as well as
Leaflets 5

Specific Character.

Stems

and the lower one elongated and

the leaves, clothed with silky

pili.

7, linear-spatulate.

Wings longer than (G. Don.)

the vexillum.

Legumes many-seeded.

Flowers few,

verticillate.

Calyx clothed with

silky wool, inappendi-

Description, &c.

very remarkable

little

lupine, which, from the smallness of its flowers,

and
and

their
it is

peculiar form, scarcely seems to belong to the genus.

The standard

is

smaller

than the other

petals,
is

white, just tinged at the apex with red

the wings and keel are of a very deep blue.

The

plant

dwarf and

bushy, and

it

produces a constant succession of blossoms from

in 1836, near the

May
river,

to October.

It is a native of

North America,
and
especially

where

it

was found by Douglas

trees."

Columbia

" always on dry gravelly

soils,

under the shade of

It

is

quite hardy, and seeds

may

be had in any seed-shop.

4. LUPINUS LUTEUS,
Synonyme.
Specikic

Lin.
i

THE YELLOW LUPINE.

upper
lip of the

L. odoratus, Ilort.
Bot. Mag.
t.

calyx bipartite, lower one tridentate.

Bracteas ovate, erect.

Leaflets 7

9,

Engravings

149

Character.

Flowers

and out fig.

verticillate,

5, in Plate 22.
sessile,

oblong, lower ones obovate.

;
i

(G. Don.)

bracteolate

Description,

&c. The yellow lupine seldom grows above a

It is a native of Spain,
it

foot high
it

and
first

its

flowers,

which are of a bright

golden yellow, smell like cowslips.

whence
flat

was

brought to England about 1590.

tell it

Gerard and Parkinson, though they place

among

those "

beanes, called Lupines,"

us that,

when

it

was
It
all

first

introduced,

it

was

called the Spanish violet,

from the resemblance in colour between

lutea.

and Viola

lutea.

is,

however, of a

much

brighter and

more golden yellow than V.

if

Seeds of this lupine are abundant in

the seed-shops, and the plants produce a very pretty effect

mixed

vrfth the

Egyptian- white,

rose,

and dwarf-

blue lupines.
deeply.

The seeds require no other care in sowing, than to keep them separate, and not to cover them too
if

All kinds of lupine seeds will indeed vegetate,

carefully, the vital knot,

merely dropped in the

soil

without any covering

but

when planted

from which the root and ascending shoot or plumule are

to spring, should

be turned downwards.

The

seeds of the yellow lupine are

much

smaller than those of the other kinds, so this

mark
but
if

is less

perceptible.

If the seeds are

sown

at a sufficient distance apart, the plants will be

low and bushy

are

the seeds are

sown thickly the plants

up some

will be slender

and drawn up.

It is best to

sow them as they

to remain, for pulling

loosens the roots of the remainder, and they will not bear transplanting.

6.LUPINUS MUTABILIS,
Engravings
1539
;

Sweet.
t.

THE CHANGEABLE
Specific Character.
ing, glaucous, glabrous.

LUPINE.
erect, branched.

Brit.
t.

Flow. Card.

1st

Ser.
1,

t.

130; Bot. Reg.

Shrubby,
Leaflets 7

Branches spread-

Bot. Mag.

Variety.

L.

2682; and our^^.

in Plate 22.

9, glaucescent

and rather pubesverticillate.

m. 2 Crnckshanksii, syn.
t.

L.

Cruckshanksii,
t.

cent beneath, lanceolate, bluntish.

Flowers somewhat

Hook. and our

I3ol.

Mag.

3056

Brit.

Flow. Gard. 2nd Ser.

203

Calyx without
acute, entire.

bracteolcs, upper lip bifid, lower one

somewhat keeled,

flg. 2, in Plate 22.

(G. Don.)
name
of changeable than this, as
blue, pink, yellow,
it,

Description, &c.
variety L.
is

Perhaps no

flower ever better merited the

and

its

m. Cruckshankdi, vary in almost every possible shade, between purple,

it

and white.
large
It

It

tall

vigorous-growing shrub, from three feet to six feet high, and

It is a native of Peru,

produces abundance of
in 1819.

its

showy

handsome flowers from June to August.

strange to class a shrubby plant

and was introduced

may seem

among annuals; but

"
it rises

the fact

is,

as Dr. Lindley very justly observes in the to the height of about three feet,

Bot. Reg.

(new

Series, vol. v.), that

yrfth a rigid

woody stem

and has

122
all

THE LADIBS' FLOWER GARDEN

;

the appearance of an arborescent species

but as the frost always destroys

it,

and

it

flowers and fruits the

first

year of being raised from seeds,

it is

for

our gardens a mere annual."

included
it

It is thus considered

and treated both by

raised in

gardeners and seedsmen, and accordingly

we have

in our

list.

The

species

was

first

England

in the garden of the late Charles Barclay, Esq.

Bury

Hill, near

Dorking, " from seeds obtained from Santa Fe

de Bogota."

L. m. Cruckshankdi was found by Alexander Cnickshanks, Esq., " growing upon the Andes of
(Bot.
in the

Peru, in great plenty, not far from Pasco, and near the verge of perpetual snow."
magnificent Lupine was introduced in 1829.

Mag.

vol. 58.)

This

The

seeds of both kinds

may be sown

open ground in April;

but they will be much finer

the
first

if

raised three together in a pot plunged in a hotbed in March,

and then planted out

week

in

May,
dug

carefully turning the ball of earth out of the pot without breaking

it,

and planting

it

in

hole, previously

for its reception.

6. LUPINUS LEPTOPHYLLUS,
Emgravings.
Specific CuiRiCTER.
ing, hairy
;

Benth.

THE SLENDER-LEAVED
near together or apart
;

LUPINE.
and
;

Bot. Reg. 1670; and am Annual. Stem

t.

fig. 4, in Plate 22.

bractcas below the flower-stalk tufted

erect,

almost simple, spread-

somewhat rough;
tite
;

pedicels bracteolated

upper

lip

of the calyx bipar-

leaflets linear,

narrow, hairy or silky on both sides.

Flowers

lower

lip longer,

and tridentate.

{Benth.)
its

Description, &c.
slender leaves.
It

This

elegant lupine

is

remarkable for the singular colour of

is

flowers,

and

its

very

grows about a foot high, and the whole plant

covered with soft hairs.

The

flowers, which,

disposed in a very irregular

manner on the

spike, are of a bluish lilac, with a deep rich crimson spot in the

middle of the standard, and the long linear bracts of the unexpanded blossoms form a kind of crown on the

summit of the whole.

shade."

The

seeds

" are unusually small

for

a lupine, and of a pale brown, mottled with a darker

Seeds

may

be procured in the seed-shops, though they are not produced in

if

much abundance, and they

should be sown in a shady place, as this lupine does not flower well
of California,

exposed to too

much

light.

It is a native

and was introduced

in 1834.

7. LUPINUS NANUS,
Ekgravings. Bot. Reg.
Specific Character.
t.

Senth.

THE DWARF LUPINE.

calyx silky-woolly, villose, appendages obsolete
;

1705, and

stem, slightly

A low annual 5 branched,

leaves

om fig.
;

3,

Plate 22.

upper

lip bipartite,

hairy plant, with a

decumbent

lower one longer, and obscurely tridentate.

{LindL)

7, spathulate

flowers verticillate,

Description,
colour and white.
after sowing.

&c.^A
It

very pretty dwarf plant, with blue or purple flowers intermingled with a tint of rose-

may

be sown at any season in masses, and

it

will

come

into blossom in

two or three weeks

its

It is

particularly suitable for sowing to form masses in a geometrical flower-garden, from

its

low

and compact habit of growth, and from the great abundance and long duration of
California,

blossoms.

It is a native of

and was sent homo by Douglas

fail.

in 1834.

It

is

rather capricious in producing seed, some nurserymen

will probably be able to

finding

it

frequently to

Most

of the

London seedsmen, however,

it

supply seeds.
in

We

have never seen the plant grown

in greater perfection that

was by Mr. Forrest, of Kensington,

183B.

8. LUPINUS ELEGANS, Humb.

Engraving.

et

Kunth.
entire
;

THE ELEGANT LUPINE.

leaflets lanceolate, acute,

Bot. Reg.

t.

1381.
;

Specific Character,

Erect

covered below with adpressed hairs,

softly pilose
;

racemes with elongated

stipules bristly.

{Dec.)

peduncles, flowers subverticillate

calyx silky-pilose, lower lip acute.

Description, &c.
obtained for
it

This

species

is

remarkable
it

for its

drooping leaves, or rather

leaflets,

which appear to have

leaves,

the

name

of elegant, as

seems to have no other claim to the

title.

These

however, do

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

123

not convey any pleasant idea to the mind of a casual observer, as they look as though the plant vrere suffering

from want of water.

The

flowers also are of rather a dingy reddish-purple, and have nothing particular to
is

recommend them.

The plant The

a " native of Mexico, whence seeds were sent to the Horticultural Society by

Dr. Deppe in 1831 ."

are

seeds,

which the plants ripen

freely,

may

be procured at any seed-shop

and

if

they

sown

in the open air in April, the plant will flower in June.

9. LUPINUS
ENcRAviNn.

DENSIFLORUS,

Benth.

THE DENSE-FLOWERED LUPINE.

bracteate
;

Bot. Reg.

t.

Specific Characteh.
leaflets

9 oblong-spathulate.
1

1689.

upper

lip

of the calyx membranaceous and bipartite, lower

Pilose, stems ascending

from a leafy base

lip

twice as long, tridentate, pilose.

(^Lindl.)

Legumes covered with

scattered

Flowers disposed in whorls consisting

;

hairs.

of from 6 to

each, pl.iced very closely together, hairy

pedicels

Description, &c.

A very
The

beautiful

and remarkable

little

plant.

The stem does not grow above

leaflets

six or

seven inches high, and the flower-stalk

rises

from a rich tuft of leaves, each of which consists of nine

covered

with
is

fine soft hairs.

flowers are white, delicately tinted with pink, and at the base of the standard of each

little

yellow

stain,

on which are a few black spots.

It
is

The

flowers

grow

in distinct whorls, but are placed very

closely together in each whorl.

a native of California, and was sent

home by Douglas

in 1834, but as

it

produces very few seeds,

it is still rare.

Seeds may, however, be procured of the principal seedsmen, and, like

those of all the Californian annuals, they

may

be sown at any season when the ground

is

not hard with frost,

with the certainty of their flowering,

if

the wejither should be open, in a few weeks.

OTHER SPECIES OF LUPINE.

Of the
following kinds there
is

so little to be said, that

we have

not thought

it

worth while

to give all their

botanical details.
believe seeds of

We

shall,

however, speak of them moro fully than

all

we

generally do in similar cases, as

we

most of them are to be procured in

the

London

seed-shops,

and as they are common in our

flower-gardens.
L.

TENUIS,

Forsk., syn. L.

PROLIFER,

Des.

THE EGYPTIAN LUPINE.

with large white flowers, having the standard from L. albus in having bracteoles and only
leaflets.

A very handsome
five or six leaflets,

plant,

growing from one to two

This species only

feet high,

beautifully tipped with blue.

differs botanically

whereas L. albus has no bracteoles and seven or eight

It is a native of Egypt,

and

was introduced

in 1802, but

we

do not

know where

seeds are

now to be

procured.

The flower-stalks of this

plant

when
L.

peeled, are eaten

raw by the Arabians, and the

SEMI-VERTICILLATUS,
Des.

seeds are boiled as a substitute for peas or beans.

VARIUS, L.
This
is

syn. L.

L.

SYLVESTRIS,

var.

Lam.

THE LESSER BLUE LUPINE.

It only differs

tall

strong-growing plant, generally three feet high, with small blue flowers.

botanically from L. tenuis in having the upper lip of the calyx bidentate instead of entire, and the leaflets some-

what
1596.

lanceolate instead of oblong.

It
is

It is a native of the south of

Europe and Egypt, and was introduced before

very nearly allied to L. hirsutus.

L.

PILOSUS,

Lin.

THE ROSE LUPINE.

it

This also

is

very nearly

allied to
it

L. hirsutus, and indeed Miller considered

only a variety of that species.

calyx being entire, whereas

Subsequent botanists have made

a distinct species on account of the lower it2

lip of its

124
in

THE LADIES' FLOW-ER-GARDEN

it is

L, hirsutus

tridentate,

and from

its

having from nine to eleven

leaflets instead of five.

The

flowers of

this species are of a beautiful rose colour,

having the centre of the standard dark red.

It is

a native of the south

Seeds of the

of Europe,
rose lupine

and was introduced

in 1710.

There
if

is

said to

be a variety with bluish-purple

flowers.

may

be had in any seed-shop, and

L.

sown

in April the plants will flower in July

Des.

and August.

BRACTEOLARIS,
It is said to
it.

native of

Monte

Video, introduced in 1820.

little

be

allied to

L. hirsutui, though

it

does not grow

above a foot high, but very

appears to be

known about
Lin.

L.

ANGUSTIFOLIUS,

THE DUTCH BLUE LUPINE.

It

A native of the south of Europe, nearly allied to

L. varius, with blue flowers and variegated seed.

was

introduced in 1696, and the seeds are frequently to be found in seed-shops.

L.

MICROCARPUS,

Sims.,

Bot Mag.

t.

2413.

This species

is

a native of Chili, and

was introduced in 1820.

It has blue flowers, with a purplish tinge at

the apex, and very small pods, there being only two seeds in each.

It is a

dwarf

species,

and flowers

in

May

and June.
L.

PUSILLUS,

Pursh.
It
is

This species also does not exceed six inches in height.

native of

It has small blue flowers tinged with red.

in 1817.

North America near the Missouri, and was introduced

L.

MICRANTHUS,

Doug.
its flowers,

A curious little plant nearly allied to L.

though they
diflfer

hicolor,

and resembling that species in the smallness of

form and colour.

from those of L.
is

hicolor in their

The

flowers are pale purple, and the

is

centre of the standard

white with four black dots.

The

leaves are fleshy,

and the whole plant

covered with

long fine hairs.

in 1827-

This species was found by Douglas on the gravelly banks of the Columbia, and was introduced

Seeds

may

be had in the seed-shop?.

GENUS
LOTUS,
Lin.

III.

THE LOTUS, OR BIRDS-FOOT TREFOIL.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Keel beaked.

Lin. Syst.

Generic Characteii

Calyx tubular, 5-cleft-wing8 and vexillum nearly equal.

Herbs, usually with yellow flowers,

Legume

cylindrical.

Stigma subulate.

Description,

&c

The

(G. Don.')
this genus, will

size

and shape of the flowers of plants of

be familiar to every one

who

has seen the

common

Lottis comiculatus, or Bird's-foot Trefoil of the fields.

differ so

There are

many annual

species,

most of which have yellow flowers, and

to describe above

very

little

from each other, that

we

shall not think it necessary

two or three

species.

The Lrnnean genus, Lotus, has been divided by modem

is

botanists into

two genera
it

differing in the

form of the pod, which in Lotus

always without wings ; while in Tetragonolobus

is

angular,

and furnished with four wings.

is

The

plant

we have

called

by

its

Linnean name of Lotus

Tetragonolobus,

the type of the latter genus.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

J25

1. LOTUS EDULIS,
Specific Character.
ciliated.

Lin.
I

THE EATABLE LOTUS.

calyx.

Plant

pilose.

Stems

erect.

Leaflets ovate,

Legume

turgid, arched, glabrous.

Seeds globose, compressed,

Flowers

3.

Bracteas ovate, about equal in length to the

wrinkled from dots.

{G.Don.)

Description, &c.

This

plant

is

a native of the South of Europe, particularly of the islands of the

Mediterranean, where the pods are eaten

when young by the

for

poorer people as kidney-beans are with us.

It

It is

a trailing plant

with yellow flowers, suitable

rock-work.

was introduced in 1759, but we do not know

where seeds are now to be procured.

2. LOTUS JACOB^US,
Engravincs.
Specific
Leaflets

Lin.

BLACK, OR

ST.

JAGO BIRDS'-FOOT TREFOIL.

Bracteas of
1

Character.

Bot. Mag. 79; Plant

t.

and

o\xr fig. 10, in

Plate 23.

canescent, mucronate.
larger than the leaves.

or

linear leaflets.

Peduncles
pedicels.

rather

glaucous.

Stems shrubby.
rather
pilose

Flowers corymbose on very short

and stipules

linear,

or

linear-spatulate,

and

Legume

terete, glabrous.

(G.

Don.)

Description, &c.
annual.

This

is

another greenhouse shrub, which succeeds perfectly well

is

when

treated as an
their colour,

The

flowers are small, and of no great beauty, but the plant

worth growing on account of

There
is

which

is

very nearly black, perhaps more nearly than any other flower.
Tlie species is a native of the

a variety with the flowers

partly yellow.

Cape de Verd

Islands, particularly of St.

Jago

and

it

was

intro-

duced in 1714.

Seeds

may

be procured from Mr. Carter, High Holbom, or at Lee's Nursery, Hammersmith

and the plants ground in a

may

be sown in February or March in a hotbed, and planted out in

May

or

sown

in the open

warm

dry border in April.

3.LOTUS MICROPHYLLUS, Hook.

Enoravino.
Specific
bent.

THE SMALL-LEAVED LOTUS.

few in each head.

Bot. Mag. Character.

elliptic,

t.

2808.

Legumes

short, cylindrical, liairy, 3-celled.

Seeds

Slightly hairy.

Stem
Stipules

flliform

and procumFlowers

dotted

(Hook.)

Leaves

hairy beneath.

subulate.

Description, &c.

curious

little

plant, with slender stems,

and very small pink

flowers, disposed in heads,

so small as each to appear at a

little

distance to be composed of only one flower.

collector to the

The
;

species
it

is

a native of the

Cape

of

Good Hope, where

it

was found by the

king of Denmark

and

was

sent

by

Professor

Homemann,

of Copenhagen, to Sir
its slender,

W.

J.

Hooker, at Glasgow, in 1827.

The

species

would be very

suitable for
it

rock-work, from

procumbent stems, and bright pink flowers ; but

we have

never seen

in the

London

nurseries,

and do not know where seeds are to be procured.

4.LOTUS ARENARIUS,
Enobavimo.
Specific

Brot.
ovate.

THE SAND
Flowers 5

LOTUS.
in each head.

Bot. Reg. 1488.

10

Bracteas sublanceolate, less than

longest.

Character.

Stems

procumbent,
acute,

branching,

pubescent;

the calyx.

Calyx subulate, teeth two, the upper one the

(Dec.)

peduncles branched, erect.

Leaflets

wedge-shaped; stipules

Legumes round, and smooth

Description, &o.
It

A very showy

species of Lotus, with large golden-yellow flowers,

and a prostrate stem.

was found

originally in Portugal,

on the sandy sea-coast near the mouth of the Tagus, by Professor Brotero,
;

and since by Professor Salzmann on the sandy coast near Tangiers

seeds were sent here
shops, but they

but

it

was not introduced

into England,

till

by P. B. "Webb,
be had from Mr.

Esq., from Teneriffe in 1830.

Seeds are not

common

in the

London seed-

may

Young

of the Milford Nursery, near Godalming, Surrey.

126

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

6.

LOTUS TETRAGONOLOBUS,
t.
;

Lin.

THE DARK CRIMSON-WINGED

Leaflets obovate, entire.

PEA.

Synonyme.
Specific

Engravings.

Tetragonolobua purpureuB, Moench. Bot. Mag. 151 and our Chahacteh. Plant Stems
piloBO.

Stipules ovate.

Flowers solitary or twin.

glabrous, with broad wings.

Jig. 9, in Plate

23.

Braeteas longer than the calyx.

Legume

rather

decumbent.

Seeds globose.

{G. Don.)
flat

Description, &o.

This

very curious plant has dark crimson flowers, and large

It
is

pods, which are so

deeply winged, that they appear surrounded by a flounce.

1769.
It is quite hardy,

a native of Sicily, and was brought to England in

;

and was

long a great favourite in flower-gardens

its flowers,

but
its

it is

now seldom grown.

It

is,

however, well deserving of cultivation from the rich colour of

and
of

curious seed-pods.
;

The only place

where we ever saw it growing, was the Lewisham nursery,

in the
lists

summer
of the

1838

and we suppose seeds may be

procured there, though they are not included in the general

London nurserymen.

The

seeds should

be sown in April, and the plants wiU come into flower in June.

6. LOTUS BIFLORUS,
Syhontmes.
Seringe.
Specific
obovate,

Des.

THE YELLOW TWIN-FLOWERED WINGED

liflorus,

PEA.

L.

conjugatus,

PoiTt;

Tetragonolobus

acuminated.
calyx.

Flowers twin or temate. Bracteas ovate, shorter than the

pilose with

Legumes

narrow wings.

Seeds almost globose.

Charactek.

Plant

pilose,

rather decumbent.

Leaflets

(G. Don.)

somewhat mucronulate,

entire.

Stipules orbicularly oblong.

Description, &c.
fields

A decumbent
do not

plant, with bright yellow flowers

;

a native of Barbary, and also of the

near Palermo.

Introduced in 1818

and very

suitable for planting

on rock-work with the preceding and

following species.

We

know where

seeds are to be purchased, but the seedsmen might easily procure

them from

Sicily.

7LOTUS
Sydonyhe.
Specific

CONJUGATUS,
pilose.

Lin.

THE PURPLE TWIN-FLOWERED WINGED

in pairs.

PEA.
Legume
glabrous,

CHARACTEa.

Tetragonolobus conjugatus, Seringe. Stems rather Plant

Bracteas obovate, longer than the calyx.

decumbent,
Flowers

nearly round, with very narrow wings, which are hardly curled. Seeds
ovate, compressed, black

leaflets obovate, entire.

Stipules ovate, small, acuminated.

(G. Don,)

Description, &c.

This

species bears a very close resemblance to the preceding kind, except in the colour

of the flowers, and in the legume being smooth instead of hairy.

It is a native of the country near Montpelier,

and was introduced

in 1759.

We

do not

know where
M.

seeds are to be purchased in London, but

we

suppose

they might easily be procured from Paris, through

Vilmorin, or any other French nurseryman.

OTHER SPECIES OF LOTUS.

These are very numerous
them, except by botanists.
;

but not

sufficiently distinct to

be recognised by any descriptions

we

could give of

One

of them, L.

orrdthopodioidei, has nearly

first species described

round legumes disposed so as to

resemble a bird's foot, and as this was one of the

genus, Biid's-foot Trefoil,
exceptions,

by

botanists, the English

name

for the

was taken from

it.

Most of the kinds have golden-yellow

flowers, but there are

some

and amongst others the following.

L.

GEBELIA,

Vent.

This plant

is

a native of

Mount
j

Gebel-cher, near Aleppo,

and was introduced

in 1816.

It is decumbent,

with large rose-coloured flowers

an annual ; and
it

and though marked as a perennial in books, might very probably be grown as

fine efiect

would produce a

on rock-work.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

127

L.

LANUGINOSUS,

VbtH.

Has

rose-coloured flowers,
L.

and a prostrate stem.

Deo.
;

GLABERRIMUS,

L.

TRICHOCARPUS,
or less purple,
Sims.

Lag.

and L.

COIMBRICENSIS,

Brot.

Have white

flowers, with the keel

more

and prostrate stems.

;

L.

ODORATUS,

Bot.

Mag.
is

t.

1233.

The

flowers are

yellow, striped with red, and the plant

sweet-scented.

It is a native of

Barbary,

introduced in 1804.

GENUS

IV.

ASTRAGALUS,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE MILK-VETCH.
Keel obtuse.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Generic CHAatcTER.

Calyx
Lin.

5-toothecl.

(G. Don.)

1.ASTRAGALUS SINICUS,

THE ROSE-COLOURED MILK-VETCH.

date
leaflets.

A. Lam. Engravings. Bot. Mag. 1350; Specific Character. Plant

Syhonyme.
loloides,
t.

Flowers four or

five in

an umbel.

Pednncles length cf

and out Jig. 11, in Plate 23.

glabrous.

leaves.

Legumes

prismatic, triquetrous, erect, subulate at the

apex.

prostrate,

Stipules

not

(G. Don.)

known.

Leaves with about four or

five pairs of obovate,

nearly obcor-

Description, &c.

A very pretty

little

plant with rose-coloured flowers, well adapted for rock-work.

it is

It

resembles a Coronilla more than any plant of the genus to which

are produced in an umbel.
It is a native of China,

considered to belong, as

its

flowers

and was introduced

in 1763.

Seeds

may

be had at Carter's,
It
is,

Holbom,

of three annual kinds of Astragalus, but the specific

is

names

are not given in his seed catalogue.

however, probable the above species

one of the three, as

it is

the kind most generally cultivated,

OTHER KINDS OF ASTRAGALUS.

A.

VERRUCOSUS,

Moris.

This species
introduced.

is

a decumbent plant, with dark purple flowers and warted pods.

native of Sardinia, not

A.

PENTAGLOTTIS,
hills,

Lin. syn. A.

PROCUMBENS,

Mill.

native of Spain and Barbary, on

with bright blue and white flowers, and the pods round, and finger

or tongue-shaped, in bunches of five together.

A.

CRUCIATUS,

Link., syn. A.

STELLA,

Bieb.
;

Flowers violet-coloured, and the pods disposed in the shape of a cross or star
wild both in Egypt and Siberia, and introduced in

a procumbent plant found

Stella,

1820.

There

is

another plant, called A.

Gonan,

which

is

a native of the south of France and north of Africa, and has bluish-purple flowers.

This

last

kind was

introduced in 1658.

128

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

A.

ANNULARIS,

Forsk.

spreading procumbent plant, vrith whitish green leaves, and rose-coloured flowers.

native of Egypt.

Introduced in 1800.
A.

CANALICULATUS,

Willd.

A native of the south of Europe, with white flowers.

A.

Introduced in 1816.
Sieb.

RETICULATUS,

A
Iberia.

very small plant, with curious hooked, netted legumes, and bright blue flowers.
Introduced in 1828.
A.

native of Middle

HAMOSUS,

Lin.

Flowers pale yellow, and plant prostrate.

Seeds of this species are frequently sold under the name of

caterpillars in the seed-shops, in allusion to the curious shape of the pods.

This species

is

a native of the South

of Europe,

and was introduced about 1640.

There are

many

other species with pale-yellow flowers,

all of

which have been introduced

and the seeds of

one of which are used in Hungary, after having been roasted and ground, as a substitute for

cofi^e.

CORONILLA,

Lin.

GENUS V. THE CORONILLA, OR SCORPION-SENNA.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
two upper teeth approximate.
Petals unguiculate.

Lin. Syst.

Generic Chaiuctek.

Calyx

5-toothed,

Keel acute.

Description, &c.
seen in cultivation.

The shrubs belonging

The name
of coroniUa
is

to this order are well

known, but the annual plants are very seldom

from corona, a crown, in allusion to the disposition of the flowers in

heads or umbels.

1.CORONILLA CRETICA, Un.

Synonymes.

THE CRETAN CORONILLA.

acute
;

C.

parviflora, ilf(Encft. ;

Specific Characteiu

Plant

Astrolobium creticum, Dej.

stipules

leaflets 1

13, cuneated, retuse, the lower ones remote

from

ascending, glabrous;

small,

the stem; umbels 3

flowered.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
keel dark purple.

A very pretty
it

plant, with white flowers, the standard being streaked with red,

and the

A native of Candia,

Tauria, and Italy, on

hills,

introduced in 1731.

This plant was formerly

very

common

in flower-gardens, but

appears to have gradually gone out of cultivation, and

we do

not

know

where seeds are now to be procured.

2
Synonymes.

CORONILLA SECURIDACA,
;

Lin.

THE HATCHET-VETCH.
Seeds

Securigera CoroniUa, Dec. ; Securidaca lutea. Mill.

with rather prominent sutures, the seeds separated by spongy substance,

not articulated, linear, ending in a long beak at the apex.

S. legitima, G<srtn.
Specific Character.

Plant

prostrate.

Legume

compressed,

flat,

10, compressed.

Flowers yellow, 3 or 4

in

an umbel.
its

Though the name

coarse
long,

of this plant is found in every seedsman's catalogue, it is scarcely

It is a prostrate plant,

worth growing, from

and spreading habit of growth.

with coarse strong stems from a foot to two

feet

and divided into many branches.

The leaves are pinnate, and are composed of seven or eight pairs of

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
rather large deep green leaflets.

129

The

flowers are of a bright yellow, and are produced in a large cluster at the
are nearly four inches long, and are
it is

extremity of each peduncle.

furrowed.

The pods

somewhat sword-shaped and

before

This plant

is

a native of Spain, and as

it

mentioned by Gerard,

it

must have been introduced

1596.

Linnaeus observes of this plant, that

sleeps with the leaflets bent

back towards the base of the

petiole,

and not pointing forwards.

planting
half or
;

The

seeds should be

gown where the plants

are to remain, as they do not bear trans-

and when the plants come up, they should be thinned out
feet apart, to allow

so as to leave

them

at least a foot

and a

two

room

for tho

widely-spreading branches.

GENUS
VICIA,
Lin. Syst.

VI.

Lin.

THE VETCH.
Legume many-seeded.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
2
superior teeth shortest.

Oensric Charactkr.

Calyx

tubular, 5-cleft, or 5-tootbed,

Style villous at the apex.

Usually cliaibing herbs, with the leaves generally ending in a branched tendril.

Flowers white, purple, or yellow.

(G. Don.)

1.VICIA ATROPURPUREA,
Sthontme ? V.
Enqravings.
Nissoliana,

Desf.

THE DARK PURPLE VETCH.

base.

Lin.
871
;

Peduucles many-flowered, hardly the length of the leaves.

Calycine teeth setaceous, pilose, longer

Bot. Reg.

t.

and

Spccific Character. p^ry

trifid.

Plant

o-ax fig. 8, in

Plate 23.

Flowers secund, approximate.

than the tube.
apex.

villous.

Stems

tetragonal.

Tendrils

Style clongr,ted, somewhat clavate, bearded at the

oblong, compressed, very hairy.

Leaflets

oblong, mucronate,

numerous, opposite, and

Legumes

Seeds globose, black,

alternate.

Stipules lanceolate, semi-sagittate, usually toothed at the

rather velvety.

(G.

Don.)
it

Description, &c.

A very showy
was introduced
Soc.

species,

with dark purple flowers, a native of Algiers, where

was found
late

by Desfontaines.

It

in 1815, from seeds sent

;

from the Botanic Garden, Gottingen, by the

seeds are

M.

Fischer, to the

London Hort.

but we do not

know where

now

to be procured.

2.VICIA ONOBRYCHIOIDES,
Engravings.
Specific
Leaflets

Lin.

THE SAINTFOIN-LIKE VETCH.

cles

Bot. Mag. 2206 Character. Stems

t.

and out fig.

7, in Plate 23.

very long, mauy-flowered.

tube.

Flowers distant.

Calycine teeth

striated.

Tendrils almost simple.

lanceolate, length of the

Style clavate, bearded at the apex.

numerous,

linear, alternate or opposite, obtuse,

and mucronate,

Legumes

lanceolate.

(G. Don.)
common
tufted vetch of the hedges,

with parallel nerves.

Stipules linear, gemi-sagittale, dentate.

Pcdun-

Desckiption, &c.
Ficia Cracca.
flowers, of

A handsome
is

species, bearing
leaflets
;

some resemblance

to the

It has

commonly fourteen

the peduncles are three times as long as the leaves, and the
Cracca.,

which there are ton or twelve on each peduncle, are three times as large as those of V.

and

all

disposed one way. Switzerland, and

best
are,
it

The pod

compressed, lanceolate, and narrowed at both ends.

It is a native of France

and

has also been found on

Mount

Atlas.

It

was introduced

in 1759.

The

seeds are said to do

when sown

in

autumn

and when sown

in spring they should be lightly covered,

and well watered ; they

plants are

however, frequently several months before they vegetate.

They should always be sown wherethe They do

best in a shrubbery,

destined to remain, as they do not bear transplanting well.

sheltered from the sun, and

where their roots are

where they have a support to climb up.

Only

three or four seeds should be

sown

in

each patch; and where the plants have no natural supports near them, they should be carefully trained to

130
Stakes, as,
will rot.
if

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

sufiFered to trail

on the ground, they will produce very few flowers, and in wet seasons the stalts
if

They look exceedingly well

suffered to climb through the

boughs of a thick bush, or low

this

tree, so

that their flowers

may

be relieved by a mass of leaves.

easily be obtained through

The name of

Vetch

is

not in the seedsmen's

catalogues, but seeds

might

M. Vilmorin, from

Paris.

OTHER SPECIES OF
These
description.

VICIA.
us that

are very

numerous

but

it

does not

appear

to

any

of

them require very

particular
diflferences

The

flowers and leaves

all

bear a great resemblance to each other, and the principal

to dark purple.

consist in the colours of the flowers,

which vary from white, blue, and pinkish,

LATHYRUS,

Lin.

GENUS VII. THE LATHYRUS, OR ORNAMENTAL PEA.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Style flattened, dilated at the apex, villous or pubewent in front.

Lin. Syat.

Generic CHiHACTi.-r-Calyx campanulatc,

5-cleft,

superior lobes shorteBt.

Legume many-seeded.

Usually climbing tendrilled herbs, with purple, white, or yellow flowers.

(G. Don.)
known, and such
If

Description, &c.

The sweet pea and

it is sufficient
;

the other ornamental kinds of Lathyrus are so well

universal favourites, that

to mention their names, to call

up

clear ideas of

them

to every mind.
effect if

well trained, they are very ornamental

neglected.

but few plants have a more disorderly and untidy

they are

They

are thus well suited for the culture of a lady, as they require continual watering, tying up, and

cutting off of dead flowers or bruised branches.

1.LATHYRUS ODORATUS,
Enoravings.
Varieties.

Lin.

THE SWEET
;

PEA.
and the
violet,

Bot. Mag. There

t.

60

and out Jig.

1,

in

Plate 23.

standard flesh-coloured

the blue, which has the wings and keel a pale

;

are six distinct kinds of sweet pea in constant

blue, and the standard dark bluish purple

which has

oultivation, all of which, with very

few exceptions, come true from seed.

rich reddish
is

the keel a pale violet, the wings a deep violet, and the standard a dark
reddish purple.

These are the purple, which has the standard of a deep

purple, the wings pinkish, and the keel nearly white, and
Sicily
;

a native of

Specific Character.

Plant

hairy.

Stems winged.

Leaflets ovate,

the

new Painted Lady, which

has the standard deep roseis

mucronulate.
the petioles.

Stipules semi-sagittate, lanceolate,

much

shorter than

colour, the wings pale rose,

and the keel pure white, and

a native of
;

Peduncles 2-3-flowered,'much longer than the leaves.

Ceylon
the

the white sweet pea, which has the flowers a pure white

Calycine teeth broad, longer than the tube.

Legumes

oblong-linear,

Old Painted Lady, which has

the wings and keel white, and the

compressed, hairy.
is

Seeds roundish.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The sweet pea

fulfil

is

the plant that

said to have given to Linnaeus the idea of calUng all

its

similarly shaped flowers, papilionaceous, from the great resemblance of

flower to a butterfly on the wing.

However
of
it

this

may

be, it is certain that this flower

shows

distinctly the wonderful

manner

in

which every part

has been contrived to

the end in view.

The formation

of the

pod requires that the whole of the pollen

should be preserved, as unless there be a sufficient quantity to pass through the stigma
peas are affixed, so as to
fertilise

down

the tube to which the

each, the seed

would be imperfect.
;

To

preserve the pollen uninjured and

for air in this are protected

undiminished, the anthers are enclosed in the keel

tlio

and the necessary openings

its

by

wings

while the standard acts as a

sail to

keep the flower with

back to the wind, and thus a whole

Tits

'/-J-aM4^,U^ a^iyUAa.^ Z^.a/Hyiu,/ J'i^^/aftM^ _ 3..J!a/^4u^ M^^ti/.

4 ..^'^oCiMm^ .x/UumAiA*/.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
row
of sweet peas

131
till

may

be seen occasionally with their blossoms turning and quivering in the breeze,

they look

really like a flock of butterflies seeking for spots to deposit their eggs.

It is rather singular that these flowers,

till

though the commonest kind

century
;

ia

a native of Sicily, should never have been introduced

the beginning of the past

the

first

sweet pea that was seen in England having blossomed in Dr. Uvedale's garden at Enfield, in

the year 1701, as

find
it

we

are told
list

by Dr. Plukenet, who went

to see

it

there.

few years afterwards (1713) we

included in the

of ornamental flowers in the Botanic Garden, Chelsea.

We may

easily conceive the

delight and

wonder the

first

appearance of this flower, and

it.

its

extraordinary sweetness, must have occasioned,

and how proud Dr. Uvedale must have been of possessing

Sweet peas in the grounds of a nursery are generally planted in rows

but in flower gardens they are either

sown

in a

circle,

with a stake, or slight wooden frame in the middle,

it,

for

them

to

be trained to

or suffered, aa

Cowper

so elegantly expresses

to
'

"

"

catch a neighbouring shrub.

clasping tendrils, and invest
its

With
Else

branch.

unadom d, with many a gay

festoon

And
The The
seeds

fragrant chaplet, recompensing well

strength they borrow with the grace they lend."

if

may

be sown at different seasons

sown

in

autumn, and protected by a mat or other

;

slight

covering thrown over the ground in severe frost, they will flower early

or they

may

be sown in the same

of sowing
is,

manner

in February, in which case they are said to produce the finest flowers.

The usual time

however, April.

The

soil

should be rich and light, as the roots, though

weak and

slender, penetrate deeply

it is

and

for the

same reason the seeds should always be sown where the plants are to remain, as
roots without injuring them.
;

hardly possible

to take

up the long slender

Thinning out should also be avoided, as pulling up

thus each patch or pot should contain only three or

one plant, loosens the earth round the roots of the others
four seeds.

The

florists

who

raise

flowers for sale in the

London markets, derive a

is

considerable portion of their trade

from forcing sweet peas, and the quantity thus grown in pots every year
this

almost incredible.

The
;

seeds for

purpose are sown in pots in autumn, and then kept in hotbed frames, but without any manure

all

that

is

necessary being to protect

to be covered

them from the

frost.

They

require to be frequently watered with

warm

water, and

up very
Tliey

closely after each watering, to prevent the possibility of the

ground freezing while in a

moist state.
the pots

may

thus be kept with very

little light

or air

but

when

the blossom-buds begin to form,

must be placed in the window of a living room, or

in a small greenhouse to give

sell

them

colour.

As

soon

as this is effected, the

sweet peas are sent to market, where they

;

from a

shilling to half-a-crown

a pot,

according to circumstances

even a shilling being

sufficient to afford

a very handsome profit to the grower.

2.LATHYRUS TINGITANUS,
Engrtinos.
Specific Character.
lets ovate, obtuse,

Lin.
leaves,

THE TANGIER
much

PEA.
Legumes
the

Bot. Mag. 100 Plant

t.

and our^p. 2, in Plate 23.

Calycine teeth nearly equal, shorter than the tube.

reticulated,

quite smooth.

Stems winged.

Leaf-

oblong-linear,

compressed,

tomentose, with

mucronulate.

Stipules ovate, semi-sagittate,

much

sutures thick.

Seeds hsrdl; angular, variegated with black and brown.

shorter than the petioles.

Peduncles two-flowered, longer than the

(G.Don.)

Description, &c.

The

flowers of the Tangier pea are very splendid in appearance, but they

want the

sweetness that distinguishes those of the preceding species.

8

The standard

of the flower of the Tangier pea is of

132
a brilliant crimson, having
all

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
while the wings and keel are of a bright rose-colour.
it

tho richness of velvet

Tliis

pea was introduced

ever since.

in 1680,

by Dr. Morison, who received

from Tangiers, and

it

has remained in cultivation

Seeds

may

be procured at any seed-shop, and the plants require the same care as those of the

sweet pea.

3. LATHYRUS ARTICULATUS,
EnaiUTiNoa.
Specific
leafless,

Lin.
I

THE JOINTED OR WINGED

equal in length to the leaves.
|

PEA.

Bot.

Mag.

t.

253

and ouvjig. 4,

in Plate

23.

Calycine teeth nearly equal, shorter

Chaiiactkr

Stem

tetragonal,

winged;

lower petioles
leaflets.

than the tube.

at the seeds,

Legumes

rather turgid, finely reticulated and nodoMi

linear,

acuminated, upper ones baring 5-6 linear

having the seminiferous suture tumid.

Seeds compressed,

Stipules

lanceolate, semi-sagittate.

Peduncles

-3-flowered,

about

dark purple, rather velvety.

(G.Don.)

Description, &c.

The flower

consists of a bright red standard

with white wings and keel.

This pea

is

native of the south of Europe, and

when

it

was

first

introduced,

it

was
is

called the Spanish pea, because its seeds

were sent from Spain to the Botanic Garden, Chelsea, in 1739.

sweet pea, seldom rising above three feet high, but
it

It

of rather lower

growth than the common

may

be sown and treated in the same manner.

4. LATHYRUS AMPHICARPOS,
Ehqravings.
Plate 23.
Specific Character.

Lin.
Jig. 6, in

THE UNDER-GROUND OR EARTH-PEA.

petioles.

Swt.

Brit.

Flow. Gard.

t.

236

and our

Peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves.

Cauline as
little

well as subterraneous legumes ovate, 2-winged in front, and a

Stems winged,

diffuse.

Leaflets lanceolate.

compressed on the

sides,

2-sceded.

(G. Don.)
The
flowers which appear

Tendrils simple.

Stipules semi-sagittate, I-toothed, longer than the

Description, &c.

This plant

is

grown more
;

for its singularity

than

its

beauty.

above ground are pink tinged with blue

perfect,

but the underground stems bear flowers and pods, which are quite
is

and exactly similar to those above-ground, except that every part of the underground plant
is

whitish.

The plant
any of the
to

much

smaller than any of the other peas, and rarely grows above a foot high.

Seeds

may

be had in

seed-shops,

and they should be sown

in

February

in very light soil, to allow the

underground shoots

make

their

way.

The plants when nearly

full

grown

are generally earthed up.

5.LATHYRUS SATIVUS,
Engravings.

Lin.

THE CHICKLING VETCH.

the petioles, braeteolate and articulated at the apex.

Bot. Mag.

t.

115

and

om fig.

3, in Plate 23.

Calycine sep'

Specific Character
linear-oblong.

Plant smoothish.
trifid.

Stems winged.

Leaflets

ments lanceolate,

foliaceous, almost three times the length of the tube.

Tendrils

Stipules semi-sagittate, ovate, ciliated,

Legumes
back.

ovate, broad, short, irregularly reticulated,

winged on the

hardly the length of the petioles.

Peduncles 1-flowered, longer than

Seeds trigonal, smooth, rather truncate.(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
wings.

The

flowers are bright blue, with a faint stain of pink between the standard and the

The pods

are

winged with a deep groove down the back.

There
is

The plant seldom grows above two

This species
is

feet high,

and

is

much
it is

branched.

a variety with white flowers.

a native of France and Spain,

where
flour

grown

for feeding horses,

and hence
if

its specific

name

of " sativus," which signifies cultivated. of

The

made from
it

the peas

when ground,

mixed with an equal quantity

wheat flour, makes

excellent bread, but

taken alone

produces an extraordinary rigidity of the muscles.

of the failure of the

In the year 1671, a famine having occurred in

Wirtemberg on account
After living upon
it for

wheat

crops, the peasants

made

their bread entirely of this flour.

;

some days, some of them began

it

to find themselves strangely afiected at

one

man when

he

bent his arm could not straighten

his

again

and a neighbour who laughed

him found

that he could not bring

mouth back

to its original form, but that he

was doomed

to

wear an

eternal grin.

The medical men applied

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
to

I33
baths,

by the

afflicted

and

terrified people

were

at a loss

how

to act, for

warm

and

all

the usual remedies for

it

the rigidity produced

by

cold,

seemed to have no

effect.

In the end, though no one died, yet as

was found

impossible to restore the rigid muscles to their natural action, the evil

was thought
;

so serious, that the

edicts

Duke

of

Wirtemberg issued an
issued

edict forbidding the use of this flour in

It

any emergency

and similar

have been

by some

of his successors.

was remarkable that

cattle

at the very time that this flour

was producing such

lost

unpleasant
the
Jise

effects,

the green herb

was eaten by

without injury.

Pigs fed on the meal, however,

It

of their limbs, though they

rich strong

grew very

fat lying

on the ground.

was observed that the meal from

plants

plants

grown on a

soil,

was much more

injurious than that

made from

grown on a poor

dry

soil.

This Lathyrus was introduced into England in 1739, and was grown in the botanic garden at Chelsea
it,

however, appears to have been

lost,

and to have been re-introduced within the

florists,

last

few years.

It is

now

grown by Mr. Groom, of Clapham, and other

the contrast afforded

and

is

well deserving of a place in the flower-garden from

by

its

beautiful light blue flowers to the colours of the other species.

;

The

seeds should be

sown
in

in

February or March, as they are frequently a long time before they vegetate

or the seeds

may

be soaked
off.

water some days before sowing, and only put into the ground

when

the aril begins to crack and peel

6. LATHYRUS APHACA, Lin.

Enoratino.
Specific

THE YELLOW VETCHLING.

with a pair of small, narrow bracteas;
length of the tube
seeds compressed.
;

Eng. Bot. 1167, 2nd Character. Stems

with two leaflets)
:

edit. vol. vi. t.

;

1000.

calycine segments twice the

;

erect

tendrils

cylindrical, filiform,
;

legumes much compressed, broad, few-seeded

leafless (rarely

stipules ovate, sagittate, large

pe-

(G. Don,)
for the total abortion of the leaves,

duncles 1-flowcred (rarely 2-flowered^, articulated at the apex, furnished

Description, &c.

A small yellow-flowered British

what appear
eaten.
it

plant,

" remarkable

except in very young plants,"

is chiefly

to be leaves being in fact only the dilated stipules.

This vetchling
seeds are very

met with

in the eastern counties of England,

if

between the Thames and the

This plant
is

sea.

The

unwholesome, and cause a violent headache

combination with the following species,

not worth cultivating in gardens, except in

effect.

when

produces a very striking and novel

7.LATHYRUS NISSOLIA,
Engravings
omfig. 5,
Specific
grass-like,

Lin.
;

THE CRIMSON GRASS VETCH.

flowers solitary, on long peduncles
;

Eng. Bot.
23.

t.

112, 2nd edit. vol.

vi.

t.

1001

and

peduncles articulated at the apex

little

in Plate

and downy on the upper

part,

where they bear two

awl-shapcd

Character.
3-5-nerved
;

Stem
stipules

erect;

petioles

dilated,

foliaceous,

bracteas; legumes compressed, narrow, nerved, reflexed.

(G. Don.)

small, subulate,

usually

wanting;

Description, &o.

This

beautiful

little

plant has bright crimson flowers, variegated with purple and white,

while the stem and leaves look so

much

like those of a

kind of grass, that the plant can scarcely be detected, even

is

by an experienced

botanist, unless

when

in flower.

It

generally found in shady lanes, in woods, or on the

;

grassy banks of a rivulet, where they are shaded

by

trees
its

and in these

situations, in the

months of

May

and

June,

it is

sure to attract attention

by the splendour

of

flowers,

which

in early

morning when

covered with

dew-drops, sparkle in the sun-beams like

leaves are simple,

little rubies.

The

botanical peculiarities of this plant are that the

afford a

and not terminated by

tendrils,

and they thus

remarkable contrast to those of L.

Seeds of

Aphaca, the tendrils of which are very long, and the stipules commonly dilated.

L.NmoUa may

be

procured at any seed-shop, and they require the same treatment as those of the other kinds of Lathyrus.

134

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

aLATHYRUS
Emgiutings
vol. vi.
t.

HIRSUTUS,
t.

Lin.

THE ROUGH-PODDED VETCHLING.

petiole
;

Bot. Mag.

t.

1255, Eng. Bot.

1255, 2ud

edit.

peduncles usually 2-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves

;

1002.

calyx hairy

Specific

CuARACTEa.

Stems

segments ovate, acuminated, length of the tube

legumes

winged;

leaflets

linear-lanceolate,

oblong, hairy, seeds globose, warted.

(G. Don.)
It

3-nerved

stipules semi-sagittate, linear, about equal in length to the

Description, &c.
is

The flower

consists of
it

a bright crimson standard, pale bine wings, and a white keeL

a native of the south of Europe ; but

Bristol.

has been occasionally found in England, in Essex, and between Bath

seeds,

and

It is very ornamental,

and the

which may be had

in

any seed-shop, only require the same

treatment as those of the other species.

OTHER KINDS OF LATHYRUS.

L.

SPH^RICUS,

Retz.

syn. L.

COCCINEUS,

All.

L.

AXILLARIS, Lam.

L.

ANGULATUS,
;

Stev.
is

The flowers

are of a beautiful crimson, and about the size of those of L.Nissolia

and the plant, which

a native of the south of Europe, was introduced in 180L

L.

CICERA,

Lin.

THE DWARF CHICKLING VETCH.

It has purple

This plant
pods.

is

a native of Spain, and was introduced in 1633.

and red flowers, and

flat

L.

ANNUUS,
It

Lin.

This species has winged stems, and yellow flowers.

is

a native of Spain, and was introduced in 1621.

L.

TURGIDUS, Lam.
The
flowers have a dark purple standard, and white wings

A native of the south of France and the Levant.

and
keel.

It

was introduced

in 1817L.

CILIATUS,

Guss.

A native of the Calabrian hiUs.

The

flowers are greenish, strongly

marked with purple

veins.

L.

ALATUS, Tenore.
;

A native of Italy,

with winged stems, and very large purple flowers

introduced in 1823.

OTHER &PECIES OF LEGUMINOSiE.

Several other ornamental annual plants belonging to this order might be enumerated; particularly the

crown-bearing variety of the

common pea (^Pimm

sativum), with

its tufts

of scarlet
is

and white flowers, and

several kinds of Meliht%is, &c.

their lists of annuals
;

Lord Anson's pea {Lathams Magellanicus)

included,

by some seedsmen,

in

but

it is

a greenhouse evergreen shrub, which, so far from being an annual, rarely ripens

seeds in England.

The

seeds sold under the

name

of

Lord Anson's pea, are generally those

of the Tangier Pea,

which

we have

already described.

(See p. 131.)

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNCAia.

136

GENUS
LABLAB,
Lin. Syst.

Till.

Adam.

THE LABLAB.
separated
leaves,

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
divisions

Oemekic CHiRACTEB.Calyx tubnlar,

acnte.

4-cleft,

3 lower

by a

cellular

substance.

Twining herbe, vith

trifoliate

Vexillum with four

callosities at the base.

Stamens diadelSeeds

and white or purple flowers. (G. Don.)

pbouB. Style compressed, bearded below.

Liegume compressed.

LABLAB VULGARIS,
ENORiViNGs
S^NONYMEs.
Bot.
t.

Savi.

THE BLACK-SEEDED DOLICHOS, OR EGYPTIAN BEAN.

t.

Mag.

t,
;

896, Bot. Reg.

830

Swt. Brit.

Specific CHiRAcriR.

Legumes

oblong, ventricose, acinadfonn

Flow. Gard. 2nd Ser.

236

and out Jig. 12.

in Plato 23.

pericarp easily separated;

basilar, hemispherical,

seeds ovate,

somewhat compressed; gland

Dolichos

I<ablab,

Lin.; Lablavia vulgaris,

D. Don,

furrowed,

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

This

splendid plant, though frequently

marked

in books as a stove perennial, succeeds

perfectly well if treated as

a hardy annual.

The pods

are dark purple, as well as the flowers,

;

and the seeds are

black.

There

is

a variety with white flowers.

its

native of Egypt, and also of China

and cultivated in the

in 1714,

"West Indies for

pods, which are boiled and eaten, as

we

eat kidney-beans.

It

was introduced

by

the Duchess of Beaufort.

Dolichos Lahlah.

The

seeds

may now

be procured at any seed-shop, generally under the name of

They should be

raised on a hotbed, in pots, three seeds being

sown

in each pot,
it

and planted

out in
ball.

May

care being taken to turn the earth out of the pot into a hole prepared for
signifies, in

without breaking the

The word Lablab

Arabic, a twining plant.

CHAPTER

XXIII.

BALSAMINACE.^.
EaeENTUL Chaiucteii,
4, cruciate
;

Sepal8

2, small, deciduous, opposite. Petals

;

bearing 2-celled anthers, and the 2 upper ones

1 -celled

anthers. Style

upper one arched and emarginate

the lower one entire

;

none.
I

Stigmas 5.

Capsules 5-valved

valves separating with eias-

aud drawn out into a spur.

Stamens

S,

hypogynous

the 3 lower ones

ticity.

Placenta central.
all

Albumen

none.

(G.Don.)

Description, &c.
flowers.

The

plants belonging to this order are

:

annuals with succulent stems and showy

They

are comprised in three genera, viz

;

Balsamina,

the

common

balsam, the flowers of which are

borne singly, each on a separate stalk

Tytonia, the species of which are aquatic stove plants, with the flowers
;

sometimes produced three on one stalk, and sometimes each on a separate stalk

and Impatiens, the NoliThis order, according

me-tangere of the gardens, the flower-stalks of which are branched, and many-flowered.
to botanical

arrangement, should precede TropcBolacece, to which

it is

very closely

allied.

GENUS I. BALSAMINA, Riv. THE BALSAM.

Lin.
Generic Charicteb.
St/It.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
distinct.

Anthers

5, 2-celled.

Stigmas 5,

Valves of capsule bending inwards elastically at the apex.

Peduncles

1-flowered.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

genus of showy-flowered plants, with succulent stems, mostly natives of the East

lae

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

Indies ; which have long been great favourites in our greenhouses, and which w^e shall mention here, a they will
also

grow

in the open air.

1. BALSAMINA HORTENSIS, Desp.

Synonyme.
Specific Character.

THE COMMON OR GARDEN BALSAM.

Impatiens Balsamina, Lin. (G. Don.)

;

Pedicels

aggregate

leaves lanceolate, serrated, lower ones opposite; spur shorter than the flower.

Description, &c.
varieties are so

The

common Balsam

is

so well

known

that

it

needs very

little

description

and

its

numerous and so uncertain as to defy enumeration.

;

The

colours of these varieties are. white,

rose-coloured, red, and purple

and these colours are occasionally mixed and double.

it is

in stripes, spots,

and other variegations.

The

varieties are also single, semi-double,

it

The

species

is

a native of the East Indies, China, and

Japan, and

was introduced before 1596, as

mentioned by Gerard.
planted out in a

The

plants are generally kept in pots

air.

in greenhouses, but they will

grow luxuriantly

if

warm

border in the open

The
;

seeds,

which

may be

procured in any .leed-shop, should be sown on a moderate hotbed in February or March

and as soon

as the plants are

two or three inches high, they should be

carefully transplanted into small pots, taking care to

shade them for some time after transplanting.

allowed plenty of
air, in

The

pots should be plunged in the, hotbed, but they should be

the middle of the day

when

the weather

is

favourable.

In about a fortnight or
;

less,

they should be removed into rather larger pots, without breaking the ball of earth round the roots

and

after-

wards as they grow, they should be transplanted into larger and larger
drained
water.
of water,

pots, taking care that each pot is well

by broken potsherds being put

If the roots are kept

in the bottom,

and that the plants are supplied with abundance of

in the hotbed,

warm, by the pots being plunged

and are supplied with abundance

which

is

prevented from stagnating round them by the pots being well drained, while the plants
air,

themselves are supplied with abundance of

when

the weather yfiU permit, the growth of the plants will

be luxuriant, and the flowers astonishingly

placed in the greenhouse
;

fine.

As

soon as the flower-buds are formed, the plants should be

or planted out, without breaking the ball of earth, in a

warm

border in the open

ground.

In the

latter case, the plants should be

shaded

for

a day

or

two

after planting,
air
;

and supplied abundantly

with water.
flower
till

The

seeds

may

be sown in a

warm

rich border in the

open
fine.

but in this case the plants do not

very late in the autumn, and the flowers are very seldom

2. BALSAMINA COCCINEA,
Synonyme.

Dec.
1

THE SCARLET BALSAM.

Specific Character.

Engravinq.

Impatiens Bot. Mag.

coccinea,
t.

Sims.

Pedicels

aggregate.

Leaves oblong-oval,

ser-

1256.

rated.

Spur incurved, about equal

in length to th flower.

(G. Don.)
is

Description, &c.

A splendid plant, with bright

now to

scarlet flowers
;

remarkable for the great length of their spurs.

The

flowers are large, and are produced in great abundance

they are sometimes streaked with white, but this

rather a variation than a permanent variety.

The plant

is

a native of the East Indies, and

was introduced

in 1808,

but

we do

not

know where

seeds are

be procured. B. comuta, th Horned Balsam, a native of Ceylon, and

its flowers,

Cochin-China, introduced in 1826, closely resembles B. coccinea in the shape of

but their colours are

dark purple or pure white.

of

The

leaves of

B. comuta

are of a

dusky green and sweet-scented, and a decoction

them

is

said to be used in Cochin-China as a

wash

for the hair.

y\

;.

["a) iiCtMm*t%A' ,JCa.t-Ct*j-u**a^

_Z

,yfUA.^*Ji-U^ iv'^wiytrf'.

l>.

.f-m^uttt^fn

-t^eti

-m*

*<t^n^*-

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

137

a BALSAMINA
Engravings.
in Plate 24.

MASTERSIANA,
75
;

Paxt.

THE NEPAL BALSAM.

Flowers
large, of a purplish red, axillary,

Paxt.

Mag. of Bot.

vol. vi. p.

and our

^fig.

1,

remote, pointed serratures.

solitary.

Specific

Character.

Leaves

Spur curved, nearly the length of the

flower.

(Paxl.)

opposite,

linear-lanceolate,

with

Description, &o.

This

plant

is

evidently very nearly allied to B. cocclnea and B. cornuta, and

it.

may

probably be the same as the last-mentioned species, or a very slight variety of

collector to the

It
it

was found by Mr. Gibson,

Duke

of Devonshire,

growing on the Khoseea

Hills,

and seeds of

were sent by him to Chatsat the Botanic

worth, in the autumn of 1837-

The plant was named

in honour of

Mr. Masters, head gardener

;

Garden, Calcutta.

"We do not know where seeds are to be procured

but as the plants raised at Chatsworth

seed,

flowered abundantly during the whole

summer

of 1838,

and ripened abundance of

we have no doubt

seeds

of this species have been long plentiful in the seed-sliops.

The

plant

is

perhaps rather hardier than the

common
shifting,

garden balsam, and the culture

is

exactly the same.

"

A light
also

rich soil," says

Mr. Paxton, " frequent

a generous supply of water, due exposure to light, and a slight moist bottom heat, are the chief requisites
previously to the appearance of the flowers."

Mr. Paxton

recommends placing the

plants,

when removed
where

from the hotbed, into a moderately

they are to flower.

warm

house, before putting

them

into the cool house, or open ground,

" The advantage of

this transference will be apparent in the larger size, deeper colour,

and
to

greater duration of the blossoms.

The

art in cultivating balsams to perfection,"

Mr. Paxton continues, "is

;

keep them continually growing after the seeds have germinated."

this
is

This

is

done by warmth and moisture

and

the reason that balsams

if ever,

sown

in the

open

air, for

want

of sufficient

warmth and moisture

to their roots,

seldom,

attain the

same beauty as those

raised in a hotbed.

GENUS
IMPATIENS,
Lin. Syst.
Generic Character.

IL

Riv.

THE TOUCH-ME-NOT.
Stigmas 5, joined.
Valves of

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Peduncles axillary, branched, many-flowered

Anthers

5, three of

which are 2-celled, and two in front of the upper petal 1-celled.

capsule revolute, inwardly from the base to the apex.

(G. Don.)

Description,

&c.All

the plants belonging to this genus are remarkable for the elasticity of the valves of

the capsules, which

less

when touched throw

out the seeds with great force.

;

This quality

is

possessed in a greater or

degree

by

all

the plants belonging to the order

is

and

also

by the plants belonging

to the order Geraniacece, to

which BahaminacecB
scientific

very nearly

allied,

but

it is

more

perceptible in Impatiens than in

any other genus.

Tlie

name

of Impatiens,

and the popular names of Noli-me-tangere, or Touch-me-not, and Jumping Betty,

allude to this property.

1. IMPATIENS NOLI-ME-TANGERE,
Engravings

Lin.

THE COMMON NOLI-ME-TANGERE, OR

leaves,
at the

TOUCH-ME-NOT.

Eng. Bot.

t.

937, 2nd

edit. vol.

ii.

t.

327

and our

and spreading under them

end
;

flowers pendulous
;

spur recurved

fig. 3, in Plate 24.

leaves ovate, coarsely toothed

joints of

stem swollen.

Specific

Character.

Peduncles
it

3-4-flowercd, shorter than the

(G. Don.)
its

Description, &c.

The Noli-ms-tangere
was formerly

is

a well-known plant, so strikingly resembling the balsams in

stems and leaves, that

called the yellow balsam.

The stem, which grows about two

feet high, is

138
very succulent, and
is

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER GARDEN
;

thickened at the joints like that of the balsam

is

the flower

is

large and rather

handsome

but the most remarkable part of the plant

angular column, surrounded

the capsule.

" This," says Sir J. E. Smith, " consists of a central

at the base

by

five elastic valves, so

weakly attached

when

ripe, that

they spring
enclosed.

from

it

at the slightest touch, at the

same time curling up and scattering the few seeds they previously
and certainly grow next spring, but
{Eng. Bot. 2nd
edit. vol.
it,
ii.

The

seeds so scattered will remain in the ground

if collected

and allowed

to dry before they arc

sown they

fail

to vegetate."

p. 57.)

The

elasticity of the

valves of the capsule

is

so great, that even

though prepared to expect

is

few persons who touch the capsule

fibres,"

for

the

first

time can help starting.

" The root

formed of branched and fleshy

first

and these
is

fibres are

frequently seen above ground descending even from the

is

joint of the stem

when

the plant

kept moist.
:

It

a native of most parts of Europe, and

it is

found wild in England in Westmoreland, &c., and in Wales

It is said to be poisonous to

in short,

wherever there are moist rich valleys among mountains.

goats,

most animals except

who

eat

it freely.

In gardens

it

is

rarely cultivated, partly on account of the difficulty of keeping the

its

seeds sufficiently moist to vegetate, and partly from

coarse

and weedy habit of growth.

OTHER SPECIES OF IMPATIENS.

These have
all

been introduced, and are occasionally to be found in gardens, though

liable to the

same objec-

tions against their constant culture as the

common Touch-me-not.
The

They have
is

also all the fault of soon withering

;

when

gathered, so as to be quite unfit for bouquets.

culture of all

alike

the seeds merely require scat-

tering on the ground, but the plants

must

be supplied with abundance of water, or they will soon witlier.

I.

TRIFLORA,

Willd.
it

This species, which

early in June.
I.

is

a native of Ceylon, introduced in 1818, has large pale red flowers, which

produces

FULVA,

Nutt., Eng. Bot. 2nd edit. Suppt.

t.

327*, syn.

I.

BIFLORA,

Swt. Brit. Flow. Card.

inside.
it

t.

43.
is

The handsomest

species of the genus, having dark yellow flowers

it

with red spots

It

a native of
in

North America, where

1818, but
it

grows near springs and

rivulets, in

shady

situations,

and whence

was introduced

has lately been found wild on the banks of the river

Wey

in Surrey.

It is generally considered to
it.

bear a great resemblance to the

common

Noli-me-tangere, and

is

often confounded with

When, however,
autumn

we saw
of 1838,

the

two

species

growing together in the grounds of

W.

Borrer, Esq., at Henfield, Sussex, in the

we were

struck with the difi"erence between them.

Seeds of I.fulva

may

be purcliased at Cliarlwood's,
7.

and

in other seed-shops,

under the name of

I. hijlora ;

but though they keep longer than those of

Noli-me-

tangere, they soon lose the

power

of vegetating.

L PALLIDA,

Nult.
leaves.

A- native of North America, introduced in 1817, with pale yellow flowers and bluish-green

I.

PARVIFLORA,
;

Dee.

This

is

the species vulgarly called

Jumping Betty

the flowers are very small and of a pale dingy yellow,

It
is

but the capsules are large and spring asunder vrith great force when touched.
wild in Russia and also in North America.

quite hardy, and

is

found

Seeds

may be had

at Charlwood's.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
I.

139

TRIPETALA,

Roxb.
It is a native of the

A
on
tlie

very showy species -with scarlet flowers having a deep yellow nectary.

East Indies

mountains of

Silhet,

and was introduced in 1825.

I.

CRISTATA,

Wall.

The

flowers are yellow, with very small purple dots, and the stem purple.

The plant

is

a native of Chinese

Tartary, and

was introduced

in 1827.
I.

CALYCINA,

Wall.

A
wliich

native of Nepal.

The

flowers,

which are very

large, are yellow,

and netted with purple

veins.

There are several other kinds natives of Nepal, with purple, yellow, or rose-coloured flowers, and one kind
is

fragrant,

and most of these have been introduced.

CHAPTER XXIV.
NYCTAGINACEiE.
EssENTUL Character.
tracted in the middle
;

Perianth
base.

tabular,

somewhat coloured, con;

testa being coherent

with the utricle

embryo with

foliaceous coty-

its

limb entire or toothed, plaited in (estivation

ledons, wrapping round flowery albumen.

Radicle inferior.

Plumula
;

becoming indurated
Anthers 2-celled.
I.

at

the

Stamens

definite,

hjpogynous.
Style

inconspicuous.

Leaves opposite, and almost always unequal

some-

Ovary

superior, with a single erect ovule.

times alternate.

Flowers axillary or terminal, clustered or

is

solitary,

Stigma

1.

Fruit, a thin utricle, enclosed within

the enlarged
its

having an involucre wliich

either

common

or proper, in one piece

persistent ba^e of the calyx.

Seed without

its

proper integuments,

or in several pieces, sometimes minute

Lindl.

GENUS
MIRABILIS,
Lin.

I.

THE MARVEL OF PERU.

(7.tn.)

Lin. Syat.
Generic CHiRicxEB. Calyx
inferior.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Corolla funnel-formed, superior. Nectary globular, enclosing the germ.

1.--MIRABILIS JALAPA,
Engravings.
Bot.
Specific Character.

Lin.
t.

THE COMMON MARVEL OF

371
;

PERU.

Mag. Flowers

and oar Jig. 2, in Plate 24.

clustered together, truncate, erect.

{Lin.)
is

Description, &c.

The Marvel of Peru, though generally treated

which

as an annual,

in fact a tuberous-rooted

perennial, the roots of

may

be taken up in winter, like those of the Dahlia or the

common
it

potato,

and

planted out again in spring.

It ripens seeds,

however, so abundantly, that few persons think

worth while to

preserve the roots, particularly as the seedlings always flower the first year, and the flowers produced
differ

by them
of the

very

little

from those produced by the tubers, either in

ill

size or colour.

The high-sounding name

it.

Marvel of Peru, seems very

applied to this plant, as there

is

nothing very remarkable about

The

plant,

however, having been introduced very soon after the discovery of Peru,

when everything belonging to

the

new

World was thought strange and wonderful, and being found to bear flowers of several different shades of colour
at the

same time,

it

received this name,

and Gerard

tells

us that

it

was

also called the

wonder of the world. The

flowers, says this quaint writer,

" remain open the whole day, and are closed only at night, and so perish, one

flower lasting but only one day, like the true

Ephemerum

or Hemerocallis.

This marvellous variety doth not

t2

140
without cause bring admiration to
all

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

that observe
it
;

for if tlie flowers

be gathered and reserved in several

papers, and compared with those flowers that will spring and flourish the next day,

you

shall easily perceive

that one

is

not like another in colour, though you shall compare one hundred which flower one day, and another

which flower the next day, and so on during the whole time of their flowering."
tliis

A much better description of

and yellow on one
also
is

plant

is

given

by Parkinson, who observes that the flowers

tiie

are sometimes red together.

plant,

and

sometimes purplish,

colours being occasionally

mixed and blended

He

mentions that there are

numerous

varieties,

some white, some yellow, and some

Gerard
is

purple, while the species

generally a deep rose, as

;

shown

in our plate.

mistaken in asserting that the flowers always close at night

till

on the contrary, as
Indies, wliere the

Parkinson observes, the flowers frequently do not open

plant
is

evening, and indeed in the

West

common,

it is

called the four-o'clock plant,

from

its

generally opening about that hour in the afternoon.

skies they will generally

The

fact is that the flowers will not bear intense heat,

all

and though under our cloudy

remain open

day, they shrink from the powerful rays of the sun.

The

plant

is

a native of both the East and

early, as Gerard, writing in

West
J. 596,

Indies.

It is not

known when
it

it

was introduced, but

it

must have been

speaks of having had

for several years in cultivation in his garden.

Linnaeus changed Gerard's

name

of

Mirabilis Peruviana for this plant, to

M.

Jalapa, because finding that the tubers possessed a purgative property,

he thought they were used in preparing the drug called jalap.

Seeds

may

be procured in any seed-shop

and

if

sown on a hotbed

in

March, the plants

may

be turned into

the open air in

May

or June, and will flower in July.

If the seeds are

sown

in the open air in April, the

plants will succeed equally well, but they will not flower before the latter end of

August or September.

We

may

here repeat

what we have

before suggested for the convenience of those

all

who have no

regular gardener, and

consequently do not wish the trouble of a hotbed, that

annual plants raised on one

sells

may

be purchased from the

nurserymen.

Our neighbour, Mr. Hopgood,

of the

Bayswater nursery,

plants thus raised, ready for

planting out into the open border, at from twopence to fourpence a dozen, according to their size and rarity

and we have no doubt that

trouble, a garden

this is

about the usual price.

Thus

at a

very

trifling

expense, and with very

little

may

be supplied in April or

May

with the choicest flowers (varying in kinds, according to the

till

taste of the purchaser),

which

will continue to adorn it

they are destroyed by

frost.

OTHER KINDS OF MIRABILIS.

M. DICHOTOMA,
This species, which
original purplish red.
is

Lin.

not so hardy as the

is

common

kind, has smaller flowers, and they do not vary from their
It

This

a native of Mexico and the West Indies.

was formerly supposed that

;

the

tubers of this plant produced the Jalap, the

Linnseus, as

name

of

which

is

said to be derived from Xalapa, in Mexico

of the

but

we have

before observed, thought that this drug*

it

was made from the tubers

common Marvel

of Peru, and later botanists have attributed

to a species of Convolvulus or Ipomoea.

M. LONGIFLORA,

Lin.
it is

This species has long-tubed white flowers, that are very sweet-scented, and
stalks are hairy

common
if

in our gardens.

Tlie
Tliis

and clammy, and they are so weak that they would

fall

to the

ground

not supported,

species

is

a native of Mexico, and was introduced in 1759.

'*^.

'^

K^

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
M. VISCOSA,
This
if

Ul
Bot.

Cav., syn.

OXYBAPHUS VISCOSUS,

Mag.

t.

434.

species, Curtis tells us, is

an ammal, growing about two

feet high.

The whole

plant

is

clammy, " and

bruised smells

somewhat

disagreeably.

The flowers do not open

at

any particular time

the flowers
fall,

like those " of the

common

Marvel of Peru, and each contains only three stamens.

When

which they do very soou

;

after expanding, " the calyx closes on the germgn, enlarges, droops, and becomes deeply plaited

on the ripening

of the seed it turns brown, expands,

ripe,

and

is

suspended like a
is

little

umbrella over the seed, which when perfectly

it

drops out on the ground."

This plant

a native of Pern, and

was

first

raised in

England

in

1796 from

seeds sent to the Marchioness of Bute,

by

Professor Ortega, of Madrid,

who had

obtained them from Peru.

CHAPTER XXV.
PRIMULACE.E.
Essential Character.
monopetalous, 5-clcft.
of
tlie corolla.

Calyx

S-cleft, persistent.

Corolla regular,

central.

Seeds numerous, peltate.

Stamens

5, epipetalous, opposite the segments

opposite, rarely alternate, usually radical.

Albumen none. Leaves (G. Don.)

usually

Stigma capitate.

Capsule valvate, 1-celled.

Placenta
all

Description.
plants,

&c

This order contains the primrose, cowslip, polyanthus, cyclamen, &c.,

well-known

but perennials.

The genus Anagallis

is

indeed the only one belonging to the

order which contains

annuals, and even these might be called perennials, as

most of them may, with

I.

care,

be kept alive several years.

GENUS
ANAGALLIS,
Lin. Sysl.

Lin.

THE PIMPERNEL.
Stamens
5.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Filaments bearded, distinct at the base.
Capsule truncated.

Generic Character.

Calyx

5-parted.

Corolla wheel-shaped, 5-cleft, deciduous.

Description, &c.

The genus Anagallis

(See Ladies
is

is

remarkable for the beauty and elegance of

is

its flowers.

Even the
British

common
weeds,
delicate

Pimpernel or Shepherd's Weather-glass (A. armnsis),

one of the prettiest of our

for

common
as

and the

Bog Pimpernel

{A. tenella)

is

recommended
vol.
ii.

cultivation

by Dr. Lindley,
of the

a most

and elegant flower.

all

Botany,

p.

161.)

The flower

Anagallis, though

monopetalous, like
is

the Primulacese,
it

so deeply lobed that it seems to consist of five petals.

lid

The
ofiF

seed-vessel
like a little

also

remarkable, as

resembles an egg-shaped box, opening in the middle, and the

coming

cap with a feather in

it,

and showing the seeds

closely

packed up in the remaining half of the box below.

The

stems of the Pimpernels are prostrate and angular; and the flowers, which are produced in great abundance,
are generally

very shovyy.

1. ANAGALLIS INDICA,
EsGRAViNG. Swt.
Leaves
Brit.

Swt.

THE INDIAN PIMPERNEL,

clasping the stem, 5-ncrved at the base, dotted beneath.

Flow. Gard.

t.

132.
winged.

Segments of

SpEcinc Character.

Stem

ascending, branched, slightly

the calyx acute, keeled,

somewhat shorter than the

petals,

which are

sessile, ovate-cordate,

rough at the margin, somewhat blunt.

little
is

toothed.

(Sweet.)

Description, &c.

A very pretty
The stem

plant having bright blue flowers, with a reddish purple style, and

golden yellow anthers.

nearly erect and angular; and the leaves, which are rather broad.

142
are dotted

THE
on the under
side.

LADIES'
is

FLOWER-GARDEN
from which country
its

The plant

a native of Nepal,

seeds were sent to

England by Dr. Wallich,

shop, are

in 1824.

It is very hardy,

and

if

the seeds, which

may

be purchased in any seed-

sown

in a light rich soil, in April or the first

week

in

May, the

plants will begin to flower in July, and

till

will continue producing masses of bright blue flowers, and ripening abundance of seed,

killed

by

frost.

2.ANAGALLIS LATIFOLIA,
Engravings.
Specific Chabactkr.

Lin.
t.

THE BROAD-LEAVED PIMPERNEL.

2389
;

Bot. Mag. Leaves

and omfig. 2,

in Plate 25.

cordate,

stem clasping.

Stems compressed.
;

(/<n.)

Description, &c. A. indica, and

if

very pretty species, a native of Spain

introduced in 1759.

It

is

as hardy as

sown

in April will flower in July.

3.ANAGALLIS MONELLI,
Engratings.Bot. Mag.
Varieties.

Lin.

THE ITALIAN PIMPERNEL.

flowers.

A. M.

t.

319

Bot. Card.

t.

399.
t.

The
4.

origin of this

plant

is

not kno\ni, but

it

was brought

2.

Willmoreana, Bot. Mag.

3380.

Avery
on

into notice in

1827 by the Honourable

W. Fox

Strangways.
Bot. Gard.
t.

beautiful variety, with large dark purple flowers, which are pink

A.
343.
in

M.

Wehbiana^

syn.

A. (Vebbiana, Penny;
first

the under side of the petals.

It is a native of

The stems are

it

long,

and require support.

in 1834,

A
;

native of the Canary Isles, introduced by P. B. "Webb, Esq.

Madeira, whence

was introduced

by John 377

1828

and which flowered

in

the Milford

nursery, near

Willmore, Esq., of Oldford, near Birmingham.

Godalming.
t.

A.

M.

3. lilacina,

D. Don,

Brit.

Flow. Gard, 2nd Ser.

Specific Character.

Leaves

lanceolate.

Stem

erect.

(Lin.)

and our^^.

1, in Plate 25.

A very

splendid variety, with largo pink

Description, &c.

A plant with pale blue

When grown
as It is a native of Italy

flowers, generally treated in

England as a greenhouse

perennial,

and propagated by cuttings.

planted out in
specific

an annual the seeds must be raised in a hotbed in February, and

it

May.

and Spain, whence

was introduced

in 1648.

Clusius gave the

name

to this plant, in

compliment to his friend Johannes MoneUius.

CHAPTER XXVI.
NOLANACEJE.
EssKNTiAL Character.
testivation.

Corolla regular, monopetalous with a plicate

taining each a 2 or 4-celled

bony nut. Embryo

spiral.

Trailing plants,

Stamens

5, epipetalous.

Drupe

solitary or

5 together, con-

Leaves alternate, undivided.

Peduncles extra-axillary.

(G.Don.)

GENUS

I.

NOLANA,
Lin. Spst.

Lin.

THE NOLANA.
Drupes usually
5, containing each a 3-4-celled

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
bony putamen.

Generic Charactek

Calyx

S-clefl.

Corolla campanulate, regular.

Seeds roundish

(G. Don.)
it

Description, &c.

Few

genera appear to have given more trouble to botanists than the genus Nolana,
less

having been placed by different botanists in no

tuted expressly for
it.

than

tliree different orders,

and now having an order

its

consti-

Jussieu placed the Nolana in the order Boraginacew, but besides

bearing no natural
it

resemblance to the commonest plants of that order, for example Viper's Bugloss and Forget-me-not,

differs

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
botanically in having its corolla plaited in the bud,
not.

143

which the plants belonging to the order BoraginacecR have

:

To a common

observer, the

Nolana appears most naturally to belong to the ContohulacecB

is

indeed the

resemblance between the flowers of Convolvulus tricolor and those of Nolana atriplicifolia

so striking, that they

might

eafiily

be supposed varieties of one

is

species.

The

capsule of the Convolvulus

is,

however, a dry berry, while

that of the

Nolana

a fleshy drupe
is

the dlfifercnce between which terms will be readily perceived by

remem-

bering that a currant

a berry, and a plum a drupe.

is

De CandoUe

placed the Nolana

among

the Solanacew, but

the fruit of the SolanaeecB

a fleshy berry,
is

as, for

example, the potato-apple, and very different from the

Nolana, the fruit or capsule of which

fleshy,

with a hard bony nut or stone.

To

obviate

all

these diflSculties,

Dr. Lindley formed the order Nolanacea, in which he has placed the genus Nolana and two other genera formerly
considered to belong to Convolvulacea.

1.NOLANA PROSTRATA,
ENGHiTiNGs
Bot. Mag. 731
;

Lin.
I

THE PROSTRATE NOLANA.

pyramidal, with triangularly sagittate segments, furnished with spurlike processes at the base.

and our Jig. 5, in Plate 25.

;

Specific C'HiRACTEH

Stems prostrate

leaves ovatc-oblong

calyx

Drupes 2-4-celled.
it

{G.Don.)

Description, &c.

This was
it

the

first species

of the genus discovered,

and from

Linnseus,

who

first

named

and described
corolla.

it,

gave
is

the

name

of Nolana, from nolo, a little bell, in allusion to the bell-shaped form of ita
it

The plant

a native of Peru, and seeds of

were

first

sent from that country to Spain.

From Spain

they were received by Professor

Van Royen

at Leyden,

who

sent

them

to Linnseus as the seeds of a kind of Bella-

donna or Nightshade.
to collect

About the same time M. Forskahl, one

some

of the persons employed

by the king

of

Denmark

new

plants in the East, having obtained

of these seeds (possibly from Linnseus), sent

them with a

number
was

of Egyptian seeds in 1761 to Miller,

who was then

curator of the Chelsea Botanic Garden.

The plant

at first supposed tender,

free

but

it is

now found quite hardy, only requiring to be

sown very

thin,

and to have the

plants kept

from weeds when they come up. The plants will not bear transplanting except when very young,

from the extraordinary length of the root, which in a flowering plant, though not branched and very slender, has been often found three
feet long.

The stems

are naturally prostrate,

and

if left

to themselves, they will soon

cover the bed on which they

or April,

grow with a

thick mass of leaves and flowers.

The

seeds should be

sown

in

March

and the plants will come

in flower in July.

2.NOLANA PARADOXA,
Emgravinos.
Specific Chahacteb.

Lhtdl.
I

THE PARADOXICAL NOLANA.

pilose; segments of calyx triangular; corolla campanulately funnel.
|

Bot. Reg. 865 Stems

t.

and our fig. 3, in Plate 25.

;

prostrate, hairy

leaves ovate, obtuse,

shaped

drupes cumulated, l-seeded.

Description, &c.
of its fruit

This

species

was named paradoaa by Dr. Lindley, from " the deviation

in the structure

from that of the other species of Nolana."

The

fruit of

N. prostrata

consists of five fleshy carpels or

it

drupes growing closely together, and

fruit of

each containing four cells, every cell having within

carpels, each of
all fruits

one seed.
;

Now

the

N. paradoxa

consists of

twenty

which contains one

cells

cell

and one seed

thus forming an

exemplification of the
fruits

modern theory, that

divided into
is

are in fact only several distinct one-celled

grown

together.
veins.

The flower The

plant

of
is

N. paradoma

paler than that of

N.

pro*trata,

and not so

distinctly

marked with dark

a native of Chili, and

was introduced
and

in 1823,
its

by

seeds presented to the

London Horticultural Society by Francis Place, Esq.

of the seed-shops.

It is quite hardy,
jV^.

seeds

may

be procured in most

The

culture

is

exactly similar to that of

prostrata.

144

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

3.NOLANA TENELLA,
Lindl.

THE SLENDER NOLANA.

petioles ciliated
;

EsoRiViNGS
the

Bot. Mag.

t.

2604, Bot. Card.

t.

207, both under

leaves ovate, obtuse at both ends

calyx campanu-

name of N. paradoxa. SvNONVMEs N. paradoxa. Hook.

Specific Character.

late, 2-lobed, 5-anglcd,

;

one of the lobes emarginate, the other tiiden-

Violet-coloured Nolana.
viscid

tale
;

ovarium 5-lobed.

Peduncles

hairy, filiform. Corolla pale-blue,

villous, enclosed.

Clothed with

down

stems filiform

or violet, with a paler eye.

Stamens

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The flower

is

funnel-shaped, of a blue, or violet-colour, with a white star in the centre.

The calyx

diifers

from that of N. prostrata in the want of the spur-like processes towards the base.

The

seeds of this plant

were received from Chili in 1822, by Mr. Place, who

also introduced

N. paradoxa, and hence,

John Walker,

probably, the confusion between the two species.

Esq., at Southgate, and
its

N.

tenella first flowered at the seat of the late

seeds are frequently sold in the seed-shops under the

name

of

N. paradoxa.
thicker, as the

The

culture

is

the same as for the other, with the exception of the seeds requiring to be

sown

plants generally send up an upright shoot, and do not spread so

much

as those of the other species.

4.NOLANA ATRIPLICIFOLIA, D. Don.

Engravings
Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. 2nd Series,
t.

THE ATRIPLEX-LEAVED NOLANA.

Specific Character.

305

and our

Stems
is

procumbent, rather villous;

calyx

fig. 4, in Plate 25.

SvNoNYME.

N.

caropanulate, with ovate-lanceolate, acute, connivent segments; leaves

grandiflora,

Lehm.
is

spatulate, radical ones large.

(G. Don.)
large

Description, &c.

This

by

far the

most beautiful

species.

The flower

and very handsome, with and

fleshy,

the three colours of bright blue, clear white, and yellow, distinctly marked.

The

leaves are broad

and they are produced

rich

in such

abundance on the procumbent stems, as soon

clear colours,

to cover the bed,

and thus afford a

rise

background to the splendid flowers with their bright

which every here and there

up among

them.
tricolor,

We have already mentioned

the resemblance between the flowers of this species and those of Convolvulus
it

and we have been lately much struck with

on comparing beds of the two flowers planted near together

is

in the nursery of our neighbour

Mr. Hopgood.

The Nolana

however much the more

brilliant.

beautiful, as the flowers

atriplicifolia is

are not only

much

larger,

but their colours are clearer and more

it

The Nolana

a native

of Peru, introduced in 1834, and

seeds so abundantly that

it is

already
it

common

in the seed-shops.
;

It requires

a rich loamy

soil, in
it

which

it

may

be sown in March or April, when

will flower in July

or if

wanted

to

flower earlier,

may

be raised on a slight hotbed, and planted out the

first

week

in

May.

OTHER KINDS OF NOLANA.

The
gardens,
following kinds have not yet been introduced
;

but judging from the species

we have

already in our
to the

we

think them so desirable, that

we

give their names iu the hope of .aiding in pointing

them out

attention of travellers.

N.

SPATULATA, Ruiz

el

Pavon.

Flowers very
quite hardy.

large,

and white tinged with purple.

Stem upright.

A native of the hills in Peru, so probably

N.

CORONATA,

Ruiz

et

Pavon.

Flowers about the

footstalks.
soil.

size of

N.

atriplicifolia ; white,

with a narrow blue border.

Leaves shining, and on long

Capsules long and slender.

Stem

prostrate.

A native

of the hills of Peru, growing in drj' sandy

yJurmOii.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
N. INFLATA, Ruix
et

I^j

Pavon.

Flowers white, with blue anthers; calyx

inflated.

Stems purple and angular.

Plant prostrate,

Leaves

downy and

sinuated.

native of the sandy hills near

Gumana.
liuiz
el

N.

REVOLUTA,

Pavon.

Flowers large and of a bluish-violet, peduncles very short-

Stems white and angular.

Plant procumbent.

A native

of

Peru

in

sandy places.

CHAPTER XXVII.

CONVOLVULACE^.
EssEKTuL Character.
sistent.

Calyx

of 5 sepals, rarely 5-tootbed, per-

transversely.

Seeds rounded on one

side,

and flattened on the other.

Cctrolia

monopetalous.

Limb

of

five

plaits

oi

bve lubesi
disk

Albumen
herbs.

mucilaginous.

Cotyledons corrugated.

Usually

twining

with a twisted seslivation.

Stamens

5, ejiipctalous.

Hypngynons

Leaves alternate, entire or lobvd.

Peduncles axillary or

annular, surrounding the ovarium.

Capsule deliiscing valvately, rarely

terminal; one or

many

flowered.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
these annuals.

The Convolvulaceae
all

are all twining plants,

most of which are herbaceous, and many of

According to modern botanists,
;

They have

large

showy flowers, and

are of very easy culture.

there are thirty-five in the order Convolvulaceae,

to the

most of which contain annuals

instituted
in the

but we

shall confine ourselves

two genera Convolvulus and Iporaoea (both of which were

known, and we
shall only indicate the

by

Linnaeus), as under these

names

the plants are best

new names
I.

synonymes.

GENUS

CONVOLVULUS,

Choisy.
Lin. Syst.

THE CONVOLVULUS OE BINDWEED.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
inclosed.

Generic Character

Stamens

Stigma 2-lobed

lobes terelely filiform.

Description, &c.

The name of Convolvulus was given by Linnaeus

to a

number

of climbing,
;

showy-

flowered plants, which since his time have been divided into five or six dificrent genera
confusion,

but to prevent

we

shall describe these plants

under their old name of Convolvulus, which alludes to the folding of the

flowers in the bud.

]. CONVOLVULUS TRICOLOR, Lin.

Engravings

THE THREE-COLOURED CONVOLVULUS.

Bofb,

Synonymf,
Specific

27, and out fig. 2, in Plate 26. Convolvulus minor, Hori.

t.

Bot. M:ig.

white hairs.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, spatulate, hairy,

ciliated.

Peduncles I-flowered, bibracteate, longer than the leaves.

small,
ovate-lanceolate, acute.

Sepals

Character,

Stem

declinate, terete, beset

with

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

beautiful flower with three distinct colours, yellow, blue, and white, well

known
it,

under the name of Convolvulus minor, or the dwarf Convolvulus, in our gardens.
one white, and the other striped, but they do not always come true from seed.
Portugal, Sicily, and the north of Africa
;

There are two varieties of

The

species is a native of Spain,

and

it

was introduced by Parkinson

before

1829

as he calls

it

the
it

small blue Spanish

Bindweed in his Paradistts, and says he had the seed of " Guillaume Boel," who brought
botanists suppose this species to have been originally only found in Barbary
it is
;

from Por-tugal.

Some

but whether
folding in

introduced or indigenous,

now

common weed both

in Spain

and Portugal.

The flowers always

146

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

at night, the

gloomy weatlier and

French
drill

call it Bello-de-Jour.

The

seeds are

now common
circle
;

in

every seed-shop.

When
drills

the seeds are sown, a shallow

should be

made

for

them, forming a

or three or four straight

should be made across a bed in which the seeds

may

be dropped and covered lightly over.

When

the

plants

come up, they should be thinned out

soil.

so as to stand

an inch apart.
April, in

The

plants require a dry situation,

will

and rather a rich light

The usual time

of sowing

is

which caae the plants

come

into flower

in July ; but as they are quite hardy the seeds

may be sown

in

autumn

to stand the winter,

when

the plants

will flower in

May.

2. CONVOLVULUS PURPUREUS,
Engravino.

Lin.

THE PURPLE CONVOLVULUS

its

Synonymes.

Bot. Mag.
Pharbitis
p.

t.

113.

from

great beauty

it

soon became a favourite, but

it

is

now

rarely

hispida,

Choisy

Ipomoea

glandulifera.

to be

met with.
p.

Ruiz

el

Pavon ;

Convolvulus major, Hort. 2

elatior,

C.
t.

3 varius, Sims, Bot.

stripes

M^.

t.

1682.

very distinct variety

Vakieties.
Jig, 6, in

C.

Sims, Bot. Mag.

1005

and our
flowers,

marked with dark blue

white.

on a white ground, and the rays red and

Plate 26,

most beautiful plant with white

This kind was introduced about 1810 by the Hon. and Rev.

marked with
distinct that
species,
till

five spots

like the eyes in a peacock's tail, elegantly

It

W.

Herbert,

who

received the seeds from Cadiz, and

who informed

shaded with blue and carmine.

comes true from seed, and

it,

is

so

Dr. Sims in 1815

that the colours had
five generations.

(when the plant was

figured in the Bot.

Mag.)

Dr. Sims, who

first

described

had marked
it

it

as

come

true from seed in Mr. Herbert's garden for

on closer examination he discovered that

did not possess

characters sufficient to establish a specific difference.

It is quite hardy,

Specific

Character.

Leaves

cordate, acuminated, entire

auri-

and only requires

light soil.
It

to

be sown in a

warm

sheltered situation, and in a rich

cles divei-ging.

Peduncles usually exceeding the leaves, 3

Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute

flowered,

was

first

observed in 1804 in the

Fulham

nursery, and

somewhat umbellate.

(G. Den.)
is

Description, &c.

The purple or major Convolvulus has long been a

it

favourite in our gardens. It

a native of
it is

Asia and South America, and

appears to have been introduced into England at a very early period, as

mentioned in 1629 by Parkinson,

who

calls it

the greater blue Bindweed, or Bell-flower with round leaves.

Parkinson also mentions that this kind and Convolvulus Nil were sent to England from Italy, " but whether
they had them from the East Indies or some of the Eastern countries on this
they thrive reasonable well in our country
if

side,"

he adds, "

we know

not

but

the year be anything kindly."

in the genus

This species was placed in the genus

Convolvulus by liinnseus
botanical

it

was afterwards included

1806
;

Ipomoea by Zuccagni, who published some

of

works

at Florence, in

and

lastly it

was placed in the genus Pharbitis,

which indeed

it

may

be

considered the type,

by Choisy a Swiss

botanist, in I82I.
is

The

botanical differences between Convolvulus and

is

Pharbitis are, that in the former the ovarium

three

two-celled and two-seeded, while in the latter the ovarium

and sometimes

four-celled,

and three-seeded.

The

seeds of C. purpuretis

may

be bought in any seed -shop

like peas,

under the name of Convolvulus major ; and they should either be sown at the foot of a wall, or stuck
as their long slender stems (which are sometimes ten feet or twelve feet high) require support.

This species

being more tender than C.

tricolor, requires

a warmer situation

and when wanted to flower

early, the plants

may

bo raised in a hotbed, and planted out in May.

The

flowers vary very

much

displaying

many

shades

and combinations of white, reddish purple, bluish purple, and

already mentioned.

violet, besides the decided varieties which

we have

The

seeds should be

sown

in the

same way

as those of the

minor Convolvulus.

3.CONVOLVULUS SICULUS,
Engravikgs.

Lin.

THE SICILIAN CONVOLVULUS,

leaves.

Bot. Mag.

t.

44,5

and

am fig.

4, in Plate 26.

Bracteas lanceolate below the

filiform, angular, beset

calyx.

Sepals hairy, ovate,

Specific Character

Stems

trailing.

Leaves cordate-ovate, su-

acute.

Stems

with adpressed hairs above and

pciior ones acute, all hairy.

Peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the

spreading ones at bottom.

{G. Don.)

Description, &c.

This

species has smaller flowers than

any other of the genus.

The stems

are slender and

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
twining a
little,

I4.7

but not like the other species so much so as to require support.

little

On

the contrary the slender

thread-like stems of this curious

plant

lie

on the ground, and only wind round each other.

;

This species

is

a native of Sicily, the coast of Barbary, aad Greece

and

it

was introduced
at Carter's.

before 1640, according to Parkinson,

by Mr. James Boel.

however,
it is

It

is

quite hardy, and seeds

may be had

From

the sniallness of

its

flowers,

rarely cultivated in flower-gardens.

4.CONVOLVULUS ELONGATUS,
Engravings.

mild.
I

BROUSSONET'S TRAILING BINDWEED.

1

Bot. Reg.

t.

498; and our^^.

1, in

Plate 26.

Specific Character.

Leaves

2-flowered,

longer

than

the

leaves.
ciliated.

Bracteas linear-subulate.
(^G.

cordate-ovate, cuspidate.

Peduncles

shorter than the pedicels.

Calyxes

Don.)

Desckiption, &c.
it

This

plant

was

first

discovered in the Canary Isles

by M. Broussonet, who supposed

to be a variety of C. siculus.

It does indeed strongly resemble that species excepting that its flowers are

white tinged with pink at the edges, and with the throat yellow inside.
C. elongatus from the great length of the footstalks of the flowers.

Willdenow, however, named

it

It is a trailing species, very hardy,

and of

the easiest culture, requiring no other care than that of sowing the seeds in the

common garden

soil

but

it is

now

very rarely met with in gardens.

5.CONVOLVULUS INVOLUCRATUS,
Enchatings.
8, in Plate

Ker.

THE LEAFY-CUPPED OR GUINEA BINDWEED.

Spfcific Character.

Bot. Reg. 0.
Swt.
;

t.

313; Bot, Mag.

Roxb.

t.

2205; and ovx fig.

;

Stem

villous.

Leaves ovate-cordate,
1

entire,

26.
bicolor,
;

or usually sinuately-angular.

Peduncles usually

-flowered, bracteate,

Synonymes.
stegia Keriana,

Ipomoea bicolor, Svjt.

Caly-

exceeding the leaves.

Outer sepals

large, involucrating the flower.

Shutereia bicolor, Choisy.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

This

is

rather a remarkable species, from the very curious and leafy calyx.
alata, is of a pale yellow,

The

flower,

which somewhat resembles that of the Thunlergia

with a deep reddish purple centre.

The

leaves are shining, but covered with fine hairs.

The

species is a native of Africa, but it has also been found

live
;

in the

East Indies.

It was introduced in 1818, and was thought not likely to

out of the stove.

is,

It is found

however to flower beautifully with the common treatment of tender annuals

planted out
transplant
it

that
it
is

raised in a hotbed,

and

when
in
is

of sufficient size.
into a pot,

As

the plant

is,

however, rather tender,

best in most situations to

of a two-coloured

May

and not to plant out

in the

open ground

till

June.

The name

Convolvulus

in Carter's catalogue, but it can hardly be the

same

species, as it is described as a

hardy annual.

OTHER SPECIES OF CONVOLVULUS.

All the following species have been introduced, but, with only one or
seeds of

two

exceptions,

we do

not

know where

them are now to be procured.

C.

PENTAPETALOIDES,

Lin.
tricolor,
Isles,

This species, which

plant,

is

sometimes

called the

Majorca Convolvulus, resembles C. Majorca and the Ionian

but

it is

a trailing
in

and has much smaller flowers.

It is a native of

and was introduced

1789.
C.

STRICTUS, Lehm.
habit of growth resembles that of C. tricolor.
the Egyptian Convolvulus.
It
is

Has white

flowers tinged with pink

and

its

a native of

Egypt, and was introduced in 1822.

This

is called

u2

j4g
C.

THE

LADIES'
Cav.

FLOWER-GARDES
;

UNDULATUS,

syn. C.

EVOLVULOIDES,

De^.

This species, whidi

is

generally called the African Convolvulus, has large flowers, resembling those of
it,

C. tricolor, except in the rim or limb, as botanists call

which

is

pink instead of blue

It

but there
in 1810.

is

a variety

which

is

blue and white.

It is

a prostrate plant, and a free flowerer.

syn.

was introduced

C PERUVIANUS, Spreng.;

IPOMffiA CUSPIDATA, Ruiz

large purple flowers.
It

et

Pavon

PHARBITIS CUSPIDATA,

G. Don.

The Peruvian Convolvulus has

introduced in 1732.

is

a native of Peru,

in stony places,

and was

GENUS
IPOMCEA,
Lin. Syst.

II.

Lin.

THE IPOMCEA.
2-lol>c(l.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Genkric Chahactek.

Stigma

Lobt'S capiialcly globose.

Description, &c.

The

diflFerence

between the genera Ipomoea and Convolvulus

is

very

slight, consistins;

principally in the shape of the lobes of the stigma, which in Ipomoea form a globose head, while in Convolvulus

they are slender and thread-like.

The

division of the genera

was made by Linnaus, and

it

has been followed

by

all

subsequent botanists.

Ipomoea

signifies, to strike the sight,

in allusion to the beauty of the flowers.

1. IPOMCEA COCCINEA, Lin.

Engravings
Bot. Mag.
t.

THE SCARLET
It is

IPOMCEA.
;

221

and our^^. 9,

in Plate

26.
stylosa,

a native of Mexiro.

Synonymes. Quamoclit

coccinca,

G. Don.

Ipomoia

I. c.

3 luteola, Willd.

syn. I. luteola,

Jacq.

Quamoclit luteola,

Comm.

Convolvulus coccineus, Spreng.

Varieties.

G. Don, bas the flowers of a golden yellow.

et Schlecht.

I.

c.

2 pubcscens, Cham,

This variety

Specific Cha-iacter.
base.

Leaves

cordate, acuminated, angular at tbe

has the leaves covered with a soft dense down, and never three-lobed.

Peduncles 3

6-flowered.

Calyxes waited, awned.

(G.Don,)
It

Description, &c.
is

This

species

is

a twining plant, with heart-shaped leaves, and bright scarlet flowers.

it

a native of Carolina, and the West India Islands, whence

was introduced
Since then

in 1759, being first cultivated

it

by

Miller,

when he was

curator of the Botanic Garden, at Chelsea.

;

has been generally grown in being confounded with some

nurseries,

though but seldom in private flower-gardens

partly,

no doubt, from

its

of the tender kinds,

which

it

strongly resembles.

The

scarlet

Ipomoea

is,

however, quite hardy, and only

requires sowing in the open ground like other annuals.

in the form of a triangle
;

Three seeds are usually sown about four inches asunder

stick
is

and when the young plants are about six or eight inches high, a

put in the
lattice-

centre for

them

to twine round.

A slight iron
best,

frame with an umbrella-top, or any other frame in wire or

work,

may

be adopted, or a piece of packthread stretched out for them, or the young plants

may

be trained

against a wall or paling.

selves

They do

however, without tying or nailing, and when suffered to twist them-

round anything that

may

be near them.

We saw some in
trees,

the

autumn

of

1838 in the Lewisham nursery,

in graceful festoons
if

which had twisted themselves round some young apple

branches.

and which hung down

;

from the

Seeds of this species

may

be had at Carter's and other seed-shops

If

and

sown

in

March or April

the plants will flower in July or August.

wanted

to flower early, the plants

may

be raised on a hotbed, and

transplanted in
rich soil

March

or April,

when they

will flower in

May or

June.

They

are said to succeed best in a very

lao-ger,

and in a warm sheltered situation ; but in these situations the flowers, though

are generally of a

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
paler
colour.

149
;

Ipomoea phoentcea, Roxb.

is

Quamoclit phcenicea, Choisy

/.
is

eoccinea,

Bot.

Rep.

t.

449, the

Crirason Ipomoea, which

sometimes confused with the Scarlet Ipomoea,

air.

a hothouse climber, a native of the

East Indies, which will not live in England in the open

scarlet or

There are also several perennial Ipomoeas with

crimson flowers which require to be constantly kejjt in a hothouse.

2.IPOMCEA QUAMOCLIT, Lam.

THE COMMON QUAMOCLIT OR WIN,3ED-LEAVD

Specific Charactrr,

IPOMCEA.
middle nerve.
Sepals ovate-

Bot. Mag. SvNoNVMKs. Convolvulus

ENGRA.VINGS.

t.

244, and out Jig. 10, in Plate 26.

pinnatus,

Leaves

pinnatifid,

even

to the

Lam.

Quamoclit

vulgaris:

Segments

linear, parallel, aute.

Peduncles 1-flowered.

Choisy

Scarlet .I.ismine.

lanceolate.-

Variety.

L Q. 2
is

(G.

Don.)

albillora,

G. Don.

Flowers white.

'

Description, &c.

Tlie flowers are scarlet,

and in the shape of those of a jasmine, and the leaves are curious.
is

The plant

a native of the East Indies and South America, and

is

much more

tender than the scarlet Ipomoea.

The kind from America

other
;

said to have

two flowers on each

footstalk instead of one,

and to be hardier than the

but

the difference appears to be too slight,

before 1629, as
it is

and too uncertain,

It
is

to constitute a regular variety.

The
if

speciea

was introduced
a hot-bed,
it

mentioned by Parkinson.

generally kept in the greenhouse, but

raised in
soil,

may be

planted out late in

May or

the beginning of June, in

warm,

sheltered situations and

good

where

it

will flower freely,

and

if

the

summer be

favourable

it

will ripen its seed.

The

plants intended to

produce seed are, however, generally kept in the greenhouse or stove.

3. IPOMCEA C.SRULEA, Roxb.

Engraving.
SvNONYMF.8.
Nil, Roth.
;

THE CELESTIAL BLUE

i

IPOM(EA.
Ped uncles 2-3-flowered,
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, hispid at

Bot. Reg.
hcpaticifolia,

t.

276.
Nil, X.irt.
j

diatelobedilatedafetlie base, and notcontracted.

Convolvulus

C. hederaceus,

Lm.
;

Ipomcea

commonly exceeding
the base.

the petioles.

1.

Hayne
;

Pharbitis Nil, Choisy.

Specific Character.

Hairy

(G. Don.)
differs

leaves cordate,

3-lobed
is

interme-

Description, &c.

This

plant,

which

supposed to be the true Convolvulm Nil of Linnaeus,

its

from the

plant usually bearing that name, in having the segments of the limb of
instead of deep

corolla circular

and very shallow,

and tapering to a

point.

The flowers

also of

a pale delicate celestial blue, softening into white,

leaves are curiously shaped, and the stems and the
is

and,

when

fading, with a very slight admixture of pink.

The

points of the sepals of the calyxes are of a dark red.

Ipomcea cwrulea

a native of the East Indies, where

it

is

generally found in hedges and on old walls.

It is

also found wild in the tropical regions of Africa and South

tells

America.

It is

supposed to be the species introduced before the time of Gerard (1596), which that author

us the Arabians called Nil, and the Italians

Campana

azurea, and Fior de noUi ; but

if this

were the
It
is

case, it

had been long

lost

to our gardens, and was re-introduced from India in 1817, by Dr. Roxburgh.

tender,

and though
June.

it

will flower in the

till

open

air, it

should be raised on a hot-bed, and not planted out

till

the middle of

It rarely flowers

the latter end of August or beginning of September.

4 IPOMffiA HEDERACEA,
Engravino.

Jacq.

THE IVY-LEAVED
Pharbitis scabrida,

IPOMCEA.
Corolla white.

SvNONVMEs.

Bot. Reg.
;

t.

85.
;

G. Don. Hort.
Hort.

I. barbata.

Roth.
;

I.Nil,

Pursh.

Convolvnlns Nil,
;

I.

h. 4.

villosa,

? I. villosa,

Ruiz

et

Pavon.

Flowers

Michx.
sliii,

L scabra, Forsk. Pharbitis P. barbata, G. Don G. Don

;

hederaeea, Choisy
;

P. Pur;

very large.
I.

P. Forskoeli, G.

Don

P.

h.

5. punctata,

? I.

punctata, Pers.
;

Calyx dotted.

DiUenii, G.

Don.

Specific Character.

Pubescent

leaves cordate, deeply 3-lobed,

Varieties.
purple.
I.

I. h.

2 purpurea, Hort,

Corolla funnel-shaped and

i

lobes acuminated, central one ventricose.

Peduncles 1-3-flowered

tube

ofthe calyx bearded. Bracteaslaciniated and slightly recurved. Corolla

3.

h.

scabra, i?or<.

I.

scabra

Schultea:

I.

scabrida,

Ram.:

somewhat

funncl-slraped.

Description, &c.

This

flower,

from the beautiful blue of

its

flowers,

and from

its

being only seen to

150
advantage when
it

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
is

has just opened them in the morning,

generally

known

in

America by the name of " The

Morning Glory."
it

In England

it is

often called Convolvulus

Nil ; but there appears a great confusion respecting

found generally in Virginia and Carolina, in hedges
difiFerent

and

/.

cwrulea.

It is a native of It

North America, where

it is

and among
names.

trees near rivers.

it

was introduced

in 1729,

and has since frequently been sent over under

is

Seeds of

may

be procured at Carter's in Holborn (where there

/. hederacea ;

an excellent collection of seeds

of

Ipomoeas),under the name of

and they

may

be sown in a

warm
soil,

border in April or May, or they

not too dry, and
it

may
till

be raised on a hot-bed in March.

or September.

This species requires a light rich

seldom flowers

August

5. IPOMCEA
Engratings.

BONA NOX,

Lin.

THE NIGHT-FLOWERING
Calonjction
bona-nox,

IPOM(EA.
Choisy;

Bot.

Mag.

t.

752

and our

fig. 3, in Plate 26, of

var, muricatum,

C.

muricatum,

Ipomoea bona-nox purpurasccns.

G. Don.
bona-nox, Spreng.
;

Corolla purple.

Stem and peduncles muricated from

cordate, entire, acuminated, or has-

Synonymks.
nox, Swt.
\

Convolvulus
I. I.

Argyreia

bona-

prickles.

Calonyction speciosum,

Choisy;

Ipomoea

longifiora,

SpEciric Character.
tatel)'

Leaves

Willd.

3-5-lobed

corolla with a long cylindrical

tube, and spreading

Variety.
cata,

b. 2 purpurascens,

Ker., Bot. Reg.

;

t.

290

I.

muri;

limb.

Lobes rounded, mucronate.

Jacq.

turbinata,

Lagas.

Convolvulus muricatus, Lin.

Desckiption, Sec

The

species has a white delightfully fragrant flower

with a yellowish tube^^which only

in

opens at sunset, and droops at sunrise.

The
;

variety figured in our

plate, difi'ers
;

having a purple flower. Both

are natives of Persia and the East Indies

at Carter's,

and were introduced about 1773

the seeds, which can be purchased

for the other tender species.

may

be sown, and the young plants treated exactly as directed

soil,

Tiiey

require a light rich

or a mixture of loam, peat,

;

and sand.

They

should be raised on a hot-bed.

situation

and not

planted out

till

the middle of June

and then only in a warm sheltered

open

to the south,

and sheltered

by a walL

6. IPOMtEA BARBIGERA,
Engravings.
Plato 26.

Swt.
S, in

THE BEARD-BEARING
entire,
|

IPOMCEA.
hind
lobes

Swt.

Brit.

Flow. Gard.

t.

86

and our

fig.

hairy

on both surfaces,

rounded.

Peduncles
Si'pals

1
J

-flowered, shorter than the petioles, bibractate near the calyx.

Synonyme. Pharbitis
Specific Character

barbigera,

(G. Don.)
Leaves cordate, acuminated,

acuminated, spveadingly reflexed at the apex, and densely bearded at the

base.
{^G.

Stem downy.

Don,)

Description, &c.
smaller.

beautiful species, bearing considerable resemblance to the ivy-leaved Ipomoea, but

;

native of North America, and quite hardy

to,

only requiring to be sown in the open

air,

and furnished

with a prop to cling

when

of sufficient length.

7. IPOMCEA RUBRO-CffiRULEA, Hook.

Engratings
Botanist, No.

THE REDDISH -BLUE OR MEXICAN

;

IPOMCEA.
fleshy,

Bot. Mag.

t.

3297

Paxt. Mag. of Bot., vol. 3, p. 99

cordate, acuminated.

Peduncles 3-4-flowered,

subracemnse.

52

Synonymes.

and out fig. 7, in Plate 26.

Hookerii, G.
it

Calyx smooth.

Sepals (small; erect, adpressed, linear, awl-shaped,

Corolla, very large, funnel-shaped.

I.

Don.

I.

rubro-cyanea, Hort.

Mr.
deeply

with a whitish margin.

Limb

G. Don

suggests that

may

be a species of Rivea.
leaves

5-angled, angles mucronate.

petioles,

Stigma two lobed.

{Hook.)

Specific Character.

Smooth;

on long

Description, &c.

This
it

is

by far the most splendid flower belonging to the genus.

The

corolla is very large,

and while in the bud

and when
it

appears red and white, but

it

when
it

it

expands,

it is

of a most beautiful and brilliant blue of the corolla curls up, and becomes a

fades,

which

does the same day that

expands, the
is

Emb

bright rose-colour.

The most extraordinary part

is

of this change

ihat both the blue and rose-colour are quite

is

bright and fresh, and that there

no intermediate shade of dingy purple or faded pink, as

This species
is

the case generally

it

with blue flowers which change their colour in fading.

a native of Mexico, where

grows

to an

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
extraordinary
size.

15|
ofiBcer of

It

was discovered
it

in 1831,

by Mr. Samuel Richardson fan

J.

the Anglo-Mexican

Mining Association), and seeds of

liberally distributed

were sent by him to

It

D. Powles, Esq.

of Stamford Hill,
it

which were
in
its

by
its

that gentleman.

was
it

first called

Ipomoea ruhro-cyanea, but in 1834,

was figured

the Bot. Mag., and

flowers,

present

name given

to

by
it

Sir

W.

J.

Hooker.

It

is

remarkable

for the

abundance of

and the great length of

time during which

continues to produce them.

Many persons

are deterred from

cultivating this beautiful plant from the idea that it. requires a stove to bring its flowers to perfection.

This,

however,

is

not the case, as

it

requires no

more care in

its

cultivation than

any other tender annual.

In the

spring of 1835, Mr. Ranch, one of Mr. Loudon's assistants, had some seeds of this plant given to him.

They

were raised in a hot-bed in February

but only one plant came up, and this was brought into the open air in
it

May.

In July

it

began to flower, and

continued producing a succession of large and magnificent blossoms of

the most brilliant ultra-marine blue

till

October.

The

flowers opened every morning

three or four at a time,

and shrivelled up before night into what had the appearance of buds edged with deep rose colour, and which had
quite withered before the following morning.

This plant produced several pods of ripe seeds.

It

We

have since
soil

heard of several plants succeeding under similar treatment.

be good and light, and the situation

must be observed, however, that the

Seeds

should

warm and

sheltered,

and yet open to the sun.

may

be had from

Mr. Kernan, Great Russell Street, Co vent Garden, and other seedsmen.

OTHER SPECIES OF
Nearly
all

IPOMOEA.
;

the following species are

are
to

marked

as stove annuals

but as they are

all

very beautiful, and seeds of

like to try

many
open

of

them

be obtained,

we

gire some particulars of each, that those

who

them

in the

air,

may

be able to choose which they would prefer.

air, if raised in

There

are, indeed,
till

very few stove annuals that will

not succeed in the open

a hot-bed, and not planted out

the latter end of

May
them

or beginning of

June.

The

situation should be a

warm

border open to the south, and backed by a wall, and the plants

may

be

sheltered occasionally

when thought
soil.

necessary,

by a hand-glass

or flower-pot turned over

till

their roots

have taken possession of the

All tender annuals raised in

a hot-bed or stove, should also be gradually

exposed to a cooler temperature before planting out, and they

the flower-pots they were raised in, before turning

may

even be set in the open air for a day or two in

them

into the ground.

L SEROTINA, R<em.

et Schultes

sya.

QUAMOCLIT SEROTINA,

G.

Don

CONVOLVULUS SEROTINUS,
is

Dec.

This species, which has very large broad leaves, and was introduced in 1824,
/. coccinea.
I.

said to be

nearly allied to

HEDERIFOLIA,

Lin.

syn. Q.

HEDERIFOLIA,

G. Don.

This species has ivy-shaped leaves, and long violet-coloured flowers.

It is a native of the

West

Indies,

and

was introduced

in 1773.
I.

TRILOBA,

Lin.

syn. Q.

TRILOBA,

G. Don.

native of South America

introduced in 1752.

The

flowers are

somewhat

cylindrical,

and of a violet

colour.

Seeds

may

be had at Carter's.
Roth.
syn.

I.

TRIDENTATA,

EVOLVULUS TRIDENTATUS,

Lin.

CONVOLVULUS VISCIDUS,
and was introduced

Roxb.,iK.6ie.

This species has small yellow flowers.

It is a native of the East Indios,

in

778>

152
I.

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

FILICAULIS, Blume;
linear,
syn. I.

DENTICULATA,

R. Br. hot. Reg.

t.

317, &c., &c.

Flowers pale yellow, leaves

and stems threadlike.

I.

native of the East Indies, introduced in 1778.

-4

INVOLUCRATA,

Beaumis.

Flowers large and dark rose-coloured, surrounded by two large bracteas, forming an involucre.

native of

Guinea

introduced in 1822.
I.

SESSILIFLORA,

Both.; syn.
is

CONVOLVULUS HISPIDUS,

FahK, &c., &c.

sessile heads.

Flowers small, rose-coloured.

native of Nepal,
I.

There

a variety with white flowers, produced in round

introduced in 1816.

OCHRACEA,

G. Don.

syn.

CONVOLVULUS OCHRACEUS,
;

Lindl., Bot. Reg.

t.

1060.

The limb
purple inside.

of the corolla

is flat,

with crenulated lobes

;

the colour

is

an orange-yellow, having the tube deep

A native of

Guinea on the Gold Coast

Ker, Bot. Reg.
t.

introduced in 1826.
;

L OBSCURA,
Nearly
allied to the last species,
;

239

I.

SOLANIFOLIA, Burm.,

&c., &c.

with pale yellow or cream-coloured flowers, having a red centre.

A
is

native

of the East Indies

first

grown

in

England

in Dr. Sherard's

garden at Eltham,

in

1732

but which

generally

included in every parcel of seeds sent

by unbotanical
\.

collectors

from India to
Jacq.

this country.

LEUCANTHA,

native of America, with white flowers

introduced in 1823.

L SIBIRICA,
Strongly resembling the

J'acy.

common

little

wild Convolvulus of our fields and hedges, but with smaller flowers,

which are white or very pale pink, with a yellow centre.

I.

native of Siberia, introduced in

779-

VIOLACEA,

Lin.

syn.

CONVOLVULUS INDICUS, Miller's

Diet., Sec.
i

Flowers large, and of a pale purple.

I.

A native of South
A

America, introduced in

792.
999.

PUDIBUNDA,

G.

Don

syn.

CONVOLVULUS PUDIBUNDUS,
native of St. Vincent's
syn. C.
;

Lindl., Bot. Reg.

t.

Corolla of a fine rose colour; tube inflated.

introduced in 1822.

L PILOSA,
Flowers small, pink
introduced in 1815.
I.
;

Sweet}

ALBICANS,

Wall., &c.

plant hairy

leaves clothed with white

wool beneath.

native of the East Indies

TRICIIOCARPA,

Ell.

&c., &c.

native of Carolina;

introduced 1732.

The

flowers are very large, and of a pale purple, and the

;

capsules are globose and hairy.

air in April, or raised

Seeds

may

be procured at Carter's

and they

may

either be

sown

in the

open

on a hot-bed, and planted out in May.

Jacq.
;

This species flowers in July and August.

t.

I.

DASYSPERMA,

syn.

I.

TUBERCULATA,

Ker, Bot. Reg.

86

C.

DIGITATIS,

Roxb., &c., &c.

Dark

straw-colour flowers, with a pale purple tube.

;

The

leaves are deeply palmate, and the stems pink.

Dative of the East Indies

introduced in 1815.

This

is

probably the /. eriogperma of the seed-shops.

Br.

I.

DISSECTA, R.

Leaves palmate, 7-parted

flowers white.

native of

New

Holland

introduced in 1815.

; ;

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUAIA

15^

I.

PES-TIGRIDIS, Lin.

,-

&c. &c.

Leaves shaped like a tier's

bracteas.

foot,

whenee the name.

;

Flowers purplish, in heads, and surrounded by long

Seeds
Lin.

A native of the Jvtst Indies

introduced in 1732.
I.

may

be had at Carter's.

HEPATICIFOLIA,
;

&c. &c.

native of Ceylon and China, with purplish flowers

introduced in 1759. Seeds

Vahl.

may be had

at Charlwood's.

I.

PARVIFLORA,

&c.

Small purplish flowers.

introduced in 1822.

This

is

the /. triloba and /. sanguinea of some gardens.

A native

of Santa

Cruz

I.

BUCHANANI,

Choisy;

I.

SALICIFOLIA, Roxb.

Flowers white.

A native

of

Bengal; introduced in 1816.

OTHER SPECIES OF CONVOLVULACE^

Notwithstanding the great number of showy ornamental plants which
belonging to this order, there are

we have

already enumerated as
for space)

many

others, the

principal of

which (as we are confined

we

shall

give below, without entering into full botanical details respecting their different genera, in the

same way as we

have before done with some of the species of each genus.

CALYSTEGIA GENICULATUS,
Flower pink,
silky,

Lehm.
;

and 5-lobed.

Leaves downy.

native of Australia

introduced in 1826.

PORANA RACEMOSA,

Roxb., syn.

DINETUS RACEMOSUS.

Swt. Brit. Flow. Card.

;

t.

127; &c. &c.

It
is

A twining plant,
w^ith

with small white starry flowers.

native of Nepaul

introduced in 1823.

quite

hardy, and a very free flowerer, but

we do

not

know where

seeds can be obtained.

There

is

another species
species are well

larg^rose-coloured flowers {P. grandiflora) which has not yet been introduced.

Both

deserving of cultivation in this country, from their hardiness, the great abundance of their flowers, and the

extraordinary rapidity of their growth.

Porana

signifies to spread.

PHARDITIS DIVERSIFOLIA,

Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1988.

A
allied.

very pretty species, about half the

size of the

common major
rays,
it

Convolvulus, to which
entire

it is

very nearly

The

flowers are purple

marked with bright crimson

and the leaves are was introduced

when young, but

It has

become 3-lobed when fully grown.

found in Peru.

A native
is

of Mexico,

whence

in 1836.

been also

The name

Pharbitis

taken from a Greek word, signifying colour.

CRESSA CRETICA,

Lin.

low plant, with white flowers, which are produced in small heads.

native of the south

of

Europe

introduced in 1822.

EVOLVULUS LINIFOLIUS,

Lin.

native of the

West

Indies and

New

Holland, with narrow canescent leaves, and small blue flowers.

Introduced in 1782.

154

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

CUSCUTA EUROPjEUS
These curious parasites
are,

Lin.,

and C.

EPITHYMUM.

Lin.

THE GREATER AND LESSER DODDER.

which are natives of
Britain.

we

believe, the only plants of that description

The

seed germinates in the ground, but the plant soon begins to throw out short side roots, which twine themselves

round any plant that

may

be within their reach, and serve as mouths to suck nourishment from

as soon as the side roots have attached themselves,
its

it.

The
is

original

root in the earth withers

to

away

and the parasite

thus

left

depend

for its

sustenance entirely on the plant which affords

;

support.
to,

The Dodder has small pinkish

it

flowers, but

no kaves

and, as

it

destroys whatever

it

attaches itself

particularly oats,

is

sometimes very

injurious to the farmer.

C.

VERRUCOSA,

Swl. Brit. Flaw. Card.

t.

6.

THE NEPAUL DODDER.

a native of Nepaul, and was brought to

This species

is

deserving, of cultivation for its pretty, white, bell-shaped flowers, whicli are delightfully

fraorant, resembling the scent of violets

and cowslips mixed. This plant

is

England

in 1822.

The

seeds

may be sown in a pot

The

with some of the commoner kinds of Geranium (Pelargonium),

or in the open ground near ivy.

teeth,

plants will soon

come up, and

will send out a

it

number

of short roots like

which they will

fix into

the plant near them, twining themselves round

in a very curious manner.

"We

have seen this plant flowering abundantly in the nursery of the late Mr. Malcolm, at Kensington, and we have

no doubt

it

may
all

be procured from several of the London nurserymen.

Nearly

the plants belonging to the order ConvolvulaeecB have numerous synonymes (though
three), on account of the great

we have

rarely given

more than two or

all cases,

number

of changes that have taken place in the

genera.

In

we have given

the

name by which

the plant appears to be most generally

known
it.

in the

seed-shops as the principal one, in order to save our readers from having

much

trouble in identifying

CHAPTER XXVIII.

POLEMONIACE^.
EssENTUi
Character.

Calyx

5- cleft

or

5-toothed.

Corolla
Style long.

angular or compressed.
pinnatitid or pinnate.
solitary.

Albumen

fleshy,

Leaves

alternate, simple,
axillary, or

rotate or funnel-shaped, 5-lobed.

Stamens

5, epipetalous.

Flowers numerous and terminal or

Stigma 3-loUd.

Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved.

Placenta central.

Seeds

(G. Don.)
many
of the plants to this'

Description, &c.
contained in
order,
it differ

This order takes

so

its

name from

the Greek Valerian (Polemonium), but

much from

this prototype as scarcely to

be recognised.

The genus belonging

which contains the most beautiful

flowers, is the Phlox, but the species are nearly all perennials.

Gilia

is

another genus containing beautiful flowers, and most of these are annuals.

The Leptosiphons

are very pretty

hardy flowers.

There are said to be some very handsome annuals in the genus Hugelia, Benth., which were seen

by Douglas
Gilia,

in California, but

which have not yet been introduced; the flowers of

this

genus resemble those of

but some are yellow and some a deep blue.

Some

other genera of Califomian annuals described by

Douglas, and which appear very ornamental, also belong to this order.

/ ,^/^.

0^

.,~L^iJaot^ij!(tt'

ii^'ftJ^./^CvruAf

JZ^e/iXm-c^iAtm

druirt

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

jgg

GENUS

I.

PHLOX,
Un.
Oeheric Character. Calyx deeply
segments.
Syst.

Lin.

THE PHLOX.
tube elongated
Cells of capsule

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Corolla salver-shaped
;

S-clcft, connivcnt.

limb twisted in
1

sestivation,

with cuneted

Stamens inserted above the middle of the tube.

-seeded

(G. Don.)

Description,

&c

The word

Phlox

signifies flame,

and

it is

supposed to have been applied to this genus in

allusion to the flame-like shape of the bud.

The
is

species are all beautiful,

and bear a great family likeness

to

each other.

The only annual among them

Phlox Drummondi.

PHLOX
Engravings.

DRUMMONDII./TooA;.
t.

DRUMMOND'S PHLOX.
all
;

Bot. Mag.
t.

t.

3441

Bot. Reg.

1949; Swt.

Brit.

clasping,

mucronate and downy, lower ones opposite, upper ones

;

Flow. Gard. 2nd Ser.

Plate 27.

316; Botanist, No. 15; and our

erect,

Jig. 1, in

alternate
pedicels
;

panicle trichotomously corymbose

flowers

on very short
little

calycine segments linear-subulate, mucronate, a

reflexed

Specific Character.

Stems
&c.
;

simple at bottom, but a

little

tube of corolla

much

curved, hairy, three times longer than the calyx

branched at top, beset with spreading hairs, as well as the edges of the
leaves,

segments of corolla imbricite, cuneate obtuse, entire.^-(G. Don.)

calyxes,

bracteas,

leaves

ovate-lanceolate, half stem-

Description, &c.

Nothing can be a stronger proof

of the great beauty of this species than the great

number
It is

of times that it has been figured in the botanical periodicals, notwithstanding its very recent introduction.

indeed one of the most beautiful annual flowers that

of its colours, but for their very great variety.
colours,

we have

and

it is

remarkable, not only for the splendour

We have
of

ourselves ten or twelve plants quite distinct in their

lilac-like pink, all raised

varying from a deep rose-colour velvet hue to a pale

air in the

from the seed of one plant,

which ripened with us in the open

copied in Plate 27-

summer

1838

at

Bays water.

Two

of these heads of flowers are

This splendid Phlox was discovered by

at

Drummond, a
it is

botanical collector sent out

it is

by the
last

Glasgow Botanical Society,

plants that he sent over.

Texas

in

Mexico

in

1835

and

particularly interesting as

one of the

Soon afterwards Mr.

life

Drummond

visited

Cuba, where he was seized with

fever,

and died in the prime of

reason Sir
frequent

without completing half the researches which he had contemplated.

judiciously

For

this

W.

J.

Hooker has very

of
its

named

this plant

Phlox Drummondi, that

first

it

may " serve

as a

memento

unfortunate discoverer."

Though the

seeds were

sent to

England only

in 1835, It

the plant seeds so freely, and has

become

so great a favourite, that it is already

common

everywhere.

was

at first supposed to require a greenhouse,

but

it is

now found

to flower
;

much

better in the open air, and a

more splendid sight than a bed of seedlings can scarcely be imagined

carmine has
its

every flower though of the deepest

palest pink has

petals of a pale blush colour on the under side,

its

and every petal though of the

a dark carmine spot at

description,

base.

Thus the variety

of colours displayed in a bed of these flowers almost exceeds

efifect is

and when they are seen under a bright sun, and agitated by a gentle breeze, the

extra-

ordinarily brilliant.

The

culture of the Phlox

Drummondi

generally resembles that of the half-hardy annuals,

at

though the plant

pots in February,
the plants

itself is

quite hardy.

The

seeds,

which may be bought

any seed-shop, should be sown in

Early in
;

and placed

in a gentle hotbed, or

kept under shelter in the dwelling-house.

May
by
be

may

be turned out into the open border, and in June they will be splendidly in flower

or

sowing the seed in pots and plunging the pots into a strong hotbed, or the tan-pit of a stove, flowers

may

x2

156 produced early in

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARnEN

May

or even in April.

We

saw some

beautiful flowers in the first

week

in

May

1839, fully
If raised in

expanded, in the garden of Mr. Groom,

florist,

"Walworth, which had been treated in this manner.

till

the open ground, the seeds should be sown in April, and the plants will not flower
splendid flower
is

July.

When any

very

produced,
;

it

may be

propagated by cuttings, which must be kept

in

heat

all

the winter and

it is

planted out in spring

but as plants thus procured are very inferior to those raised from seed,
if

better to

take the chance of a bed of seedlings, and select the best,

any should be wanted of peculiar beauty.

Seedlings

flower very well, kept singly in pots, and placed in a balcony, or under a veranda.

GENUS
LEPTOSIPHON,
Lin.
St/St.

II.

Benth.

THE LEPTOSIPHON.
Corolla funnel-shaped.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Lobes
linear, subulate.

Oknkric Charactfr.

Calyx tubularly-campanulate.

Tube Tery

long, slender.

Limb

campanulate, with oval obtuse lobes.

Stamens inserted

at the throat.

Cells of capsule many-seeded.

(G. Don.)
are valuable

Description, &c.

These are some

of the Californian annuals sent

home by Douglas, and they

not only as being very pretty, but as being quite hardy.

The name

of Leptosiphon signifies slender tube.

1. LEPTOSIPHON ANDROSACEUS,
Engritings.

Benth.

THE ANDROSACE-LIKE LEPTOSIPHON.

Specific Character.

Hort.
2l9
;

Trans, vol.
t.

i.

New

Set., fig.
t.

in

t.

18; Bot.

Mag.

t.

3491
i;i.

Bot. Reg.

1710

Bot. Gard.

593

Paxt. Mag. of

Tube

of corolla 2

Leaves 5

7-cleft.

Segments oblong-linear.

times longer than the limb.

Stamens 3 timet

Bot. vol.

p.

and

om fig.

3, in Plate 27.

shorter than the limb of the corolla.

(G. Don.)
it

Description, &c.

The

lively colours

and numerous flowers of

this little plant

make

a desirable addition
its

to our flower-gardens, but it has the great fault,

common

to

many

of the Californian annuals, of closing

flowers at an early hour of the day.

The

flowers vary from diflPerent degrees of lilac and blue to white, but tliey
is

have always a black eye, and bright yellow anthers and stigmas, and the tube
native of California, and
of the
is

usually red.
is

This species

is

one of the plants sent

its

home by Douglas, when sown

in 1833.

It

quite hardy, but as the heat

summer

is

apt to wither

roots, it does best

so as to flower in spring or autumn.

Seeds

may

be procured at any seed-shop, and with regard to their culture,

we

cannot do better than copy some

assisted us

observations sent to us

by the same

intelligent

and experienced gardener who

with some remarks on

flower culture at the

commencement

of this work.

"

An

economical
is

way

of rearing these,

and probably

all

annuals which require to be sown very thick to

first

make

masses,

to

sow the

seeds in the autumn, say about the

week

in September, on

any trodden path,

will

or

other very hard bottom,

all

first

covering

it

about an inch thick with light

soil.

Here the young plants

which
is

grow

the winter

and

as soon as the flower-beds are

dug and prepared

in spring,

in February,

March, or
laid

April, according to circumstances, the

young
to
fill

seedlings should be taken

up with the spade

in patches,
soil,

and

on

the flower-bed.

All that remains

is

up the openings between the patches with

and to press them

gently down, so that the surface of the bed

may

be covered evenly.

Of

course

by

this process the beds

;

may
and

either be filled, each with one kind of flower, or with several kinds, according to the fancy of the gardener
as the plants will be in full

bloom early

in

May, they

will

have every advantage of sowing themselves, combined

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
with the neatness attendant on spring sowing.
the latter end of

I57
this, it

To

explain what

is

meant by

may
;

be observed that at
the ground
is

autumn the flower-beds

in every garden present a very untidy appearance

it

not

only covered with dead leaves and stalks, but

it

has become rough and uneven from frequent rains, and to

call,

make

look well,

it

requires to be,

what the gardeners

it,.

dressed in October.

This dressing, wliich consists of

seedlings.

digging or forking the bed, and then raking

therefore, necessarily dispensed

must of course disturb and indeed destroy the

It

is,

with in those gardens where plants are permitted to sow themselves, and the

beds have consequently an untidy look tho whole year.

crocuses, snow-drops,

The

care of the seedlings also prevents the planting of

and the

earlier

kinds of Narcissus, as putting the bulbs into the ground would occasion

blanks in the seedlings which would be very conspicuous

when

the plants came into flower.

By

the plan above

mentioned of sowing the seeds of the Califomian annuals in

some remote comer of the garden, and bringing them

by
all

spadefuls to the beds

when wanted

in spring, the flower-garden

may

be kept in a state of beauty and neatness

in October,

the year.

As soon

as the'Unnuals have done flowering,

and the beds have been dressed

they

may

be planted with wall-flowers brought forward for the purpose and potted the preceding May, and which will
give the buds a lively appearance during winter.

When

these have flowered, being biennials, they will die

off,

and

may

be cleared

away

and the beds,

after being dressed,

may be

planted with the crocuses, &c., which should

have been potted the previous August, and will soon flower after they are transferred to the open groimd.

When

these are over, the beds

may

be smoothed for the Califomian annuals, which are to be transferred to them

these wither from the heat of

by spadefuls

as before directed.
;

When

summer, the beds may be

filled

with

Petunias, Verbenas, &c.

and when these fade they

may

be succeeded by fresh patches of Califomian annuals

will

sown

in spring as before directed for the

autumn sowing, and which

keep the beds in beauty

be

till

October.

Where Petunias and Verbenas

to succeed the

are not plentiful, spring-sown annuals

may

made

to supply their place,

and

autumn-sown

ones."

2. LEPTOSIPHON DENSIFLORUS,
Emgratings.
Rrg.
t.

Benth.

THE CLOSE-FLOWERED LEPTOSIPHON.

I

Hort.

Trans,
t.

vol.
;

i.

New

Ser.

t.

W,

fig.2\ Bot.
iii.

Specific

Character.

Le.aves

9-11-cleft.

Segments subulate,

1725

Bot. Mag.

3578

Paxt. Mag. of Bot. vol.

p.

220

erect, ivith revolute margins.

I

Tube of

coiolla shorter than the limb.

Hnd

am fig.

2, in Plato 27.

(G.

Don.)

Description, &c.

The flowers

of this species,

though

larger, are neither so brilliant in their colours nor so

elegant in their shape, as those of L. androsacem.

centre or eye being white,

The want

of brilliancy in the colour

;

is

occasioned by the

and the tube being

it

short, thick,

and pale

the petals also are round instead of pointed.

its
is

The plant

is

a native of California, where

at the

was

discovered,

and whence

seeds were sent to England in

833

by Douglas,

same time as those of L. androsaceus ; the culture also

the same as for that plant.

OTHER SPECIES OF LEPTOSIPHON.

The following
species

were discovered by Douglas, but have not yet been introduced.

L.

GRANDIFLORUS,

Benth.

Flowers large and blue, with a golden yellow or dark purple centre.

158

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

L.

LUTEUS,

Benth.

Flowers yellow, with a deep orange-coloured centre.

L.

PARVIFLORUS,
centre.

Benth.

Flowers small,

and of a pale yellow, with a darker

till

They

are

all

low

plants, flowering profusely the

whole summer, or

killed

by the heat and dryness

and as they are

all

quite hardy, and resemble in habits

the species already introduced, they would only require to be

sown two

or three times at diflferent periods, to

keep up a succession of flowers nearly

all

the year.

GENUS
COLLOMIA,
Lin. Syst.

III.

Nutt.

THE COLLOMIA.
;

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
tube slender
;

Gbnrric Character.

Calyx campanulate,
.

5.cleft.

Corolla salver-shaped
t

segments of the limb oblong, entire.

Stamens

inserted towards the middle of

is

lie

tube.

Cells of capsule 1-2-seeded. (G.

Don.)

Description, &c.
in a

The word Collomia

derived from Collo, glue

plants are
all

in reference to the seeds being enveloped

kind of gluey, sticking substance.

The

annuals, with small flowers, disposed in dense heads,

and with very large bracteas.

All the species have an untidy weedy appearance, and are scarcely worth cultivation.

1. COLLOMIA
SvNONYME.
Specific

HETEROPHYLLA,
t.

Hook.

THE VARIOUS-LEAVED COLLOMIA

glandular down.

Gllia heterophylla,

Doug,
1347.
Tvith

Lower leaves

pinnatifid

and

cut.

Upper ones cuneated,

Engravings

Bot. Mag.

t.

2895; Bot. Reg.

prostrate,

pinnatifid.

Bracteas or involucral leaves oblong, acute, quite entire.

Character,

Plant

branched, clothed

(G. Don.)
;

Description, &c.
in each head.

The
is

flowers are small, long in the tube, of a dingy purplish colour

and very few together and

like all the species

The stem

much

branched, the leaves are small, and of

diflferent

shapes

of the genus, the

whole plant has an untidy and weedy appearance.

Scouler, near Fort

It

was found by A. Menzies, Esq. and

it

afterwards

by Dr.

Vancouver on the Columbia

but Douglas in 1826 discovered that

was a
the

common
summer.
in 1792,

plant on the hills of North America, growing in partially shaded places, and continuing in flower
It
is

all

one of the

many

Californian plants of which specimens were brought to England

till

by Mr. Menzies

though the plants were not introduced

so

many years afterwards. The

plant

is is

of the easiest culture,

as

it

will

grow

in

any

soil or situation,

and

may

be sown at any season when the ground

not hard with

frost.

2. COLLOMIA COCCINEA, Lehm.

Synonvhes.
Phlox
linearis,

THE SCARLET COLLOMIA.

Leaves lanceolate-linear.
at

C.

lateritia,
;

D. Don.
biflora,
;

CCavanilleaii,
et

Hook el Am.;
t.

down.

Upper ones ovate-lanceolate,

the apex.

quite

Cav.

Phlox

Ruiz

Pavon.
206
;

entire, or deeply 2-4-toothed

Calyx semi

5-cieft, with

Engravings. Bot. Reg. 1622

Bot. Mag.
t.

Swt. Brit. Plow. Gard.

broad-lanceolate, obtuse segments.

I

Corolla more than twice longer

3468.

than the calyx.

Specific Character.

Plant

Cells of the capsule l-seeded.(G. Z)o.)

erect, branched, beset with glandular

Description, &c.

This

is

unquestionably the handsomest species of the genus

and

it is

in fact the only

;

one worth growing as a garden flower.

should only be grown where there
is

Even

this,

however, does not look well unless sown in masses

is

and

it

abundance of space, and variety

necessary.

The

flowers are of a bright

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
scarlet,

I59
efifect is

but they are so small, and the bracteas or involucral leaves so large, that scarcely any
brilliant colour.

produced

by their

The leaves
is

are remarkable from their being frequently divided into three sharp segments

of unequal length.

The plant

a native of Chili, from which country seeds were brought

by Mr. Cuming

in

1832.

They

are

now common

in all the seed-shops,

and

may

be sown in the open border in March, when they

will flower in June.

3. COLLOMIA LINEARIS,
Synonyme.

Nutt.

THE LINEAR-LEAVED COLLOMIA.

hairs.

C.

Engkavings

parviflora,
t.

Hook.
1166
;

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite

entire, opaque, uniform, superior

Dot. Reg.

Bot. Mag.

t.

2893.
!

ones downy beneath.

Calyx cup-shaped, 5-parted. Corolla more than

Cells of capsule 1-seeded.

SpEcinc Charactek. Plant

erect, branched, clothed with glandular

twice longer than the calyx.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
bracteas,

The flowers are very

small,

and of a dingy purple

little

and they are so surrounded with the

first

and the dark green

leaves, as to present

very

beauty.
;

This plant, which was the

described
in great

of the genus,

was found by Nuttall on the banks

;

of the Missouri river

its

but

it

was afterwards discovered

abundance on the banks of the Columbia

sixteen

and, in fact,

habitat appears to extend over a space of nearly

;

hundred miles.

It

was introduced by Douglas in 1826

and
to

it is

now common

everywhere.

It is quite
it

hardy, and only requires to be

flowering
till

sown

in the

open border in March,

come

into flower in

May, and

continues

July or August.

4. COLLOMIA GRANDIFLORA,
Engravings
Bot. Reg.
t.

Dougl.

THE LARGE-FLOWERED COLLOMIA.

5-cleft, villous, glandular.

1174

Bot. Mag.

t.

2894.

Specific Character.

Plant

Corolla ventricose.

Limb

spreading.

Cells

erect, branched, rather

downy

at top.

of capsule l.seeded.

(G.

Don.)

Leaves oblong. lanceolate, entire, shining, ciliated with glands.

Calyx

Description, &c.
their colour

The flowers of
first

this species are

much

larger than those of

any of the other kinds

nankeen or

but

when they

expand,

is

of a dingy yellow, becoming gradually of a

buflf-colour,

and they are surrounded with a glutinous substance, which renders them very unpleasant to the touch.
bracteas are also large,

The

and the plant weedy-looking

but the stems are of a rich purple.

The plant

is

a native

of the country near the Columbia,

where

it

was discovered and sent home by Douglas in 1826.

in

Seeds are

now

common

in the seed-shops,

and they only require sowing in March, to flower

in a poor soil
hot,

May

and June.

Care must be

taken, however, to

sow the seeds

and shady situation ; as in a rich

soil,

the plants will produce

more leaves than flowers, and in a

flowers at
all.

dry,

exposed situation, they will wither without producing any

6. COLLOMIA GRACILIS,
SvNONYME Gilia gracilis, Hook. Engraving. Bot. Mag. t. 2924.
Specific Ciuractkr.

Doug.
1

THE SLENDER COLLOMIA.

down.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse.

Calyx 5-parted.

Calycine

Plant
much

segments long, subulate. Stamens enclosed. Cells of capsule l-eeded.

|

erect, branched, clothed with glandular

Don.)

Description, &c.
branches, bearing a
California,

A plant with small and

know where

insignificant

dingy pink flowers, and very slender and numerous

It is a native of

greater resemblance to the genus Gilia, than to that of CoUomia.

in light soils,

where

it

was discovered

and on high groundg near the

It
is

rivers.

It

was introduced
is

in

1826

but

we do

not

seeds are to be obtained.

quite hardy,
;

and

its

culture

the same as

that of the other species.

There are some other species of Collomia

but they have not yet been introduced.

160

TflE LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS
GILIA, Ruiz
Lin. Syst.
et

IT.

Pavon.

THE

GILIA.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
;

Generic Chiracteh,

Calyx campanulate,

5-cleft.

Corolla funnel-shaped, or sub-campanulate

Cells of capsule many-seeded.
all

segments of the limb obovate.

StameDt

inserted in the throat.

(G.

Don.)

Description, &c.

^The species of the genus Gilia are nearly

annuals, with the exception of the

/. elegans.,

two

beautiful plants called Gilia eoronopifolia, syn. Ipomopsis picta,

biennials,

and G. aggregaia, syn.

which aro

though the

latter is frequently

marked

as

an annual in botanical books and catalogues.

The genus was

named

in honour of Philippi Salvador Gilio a Spanish botanist,

and not

in

honour of Dr.

Gillies, as is generally

supposed.

1. GILIA INCONSPICUA,
Synonymes.
Cautua
ENGRiviNG.

Dougl.

THE INCONSPICUOUS
the calyxes with glandular down.
pinnate,

GILIA.
Leaves pinnatifid, lower ones
solitary,
bi-

G.

parviflora, iSpren^.;

Ipomopsis inconspicua, iSmi/A ;

parviflora,

Pursh.
t.

segments

linear.

Flowera

terminal,

panicled.

Specific Cuaracter.

Bot. Mag. 2883. Stem much branched, and clothed

Corolla about twice the length of the calyx.

as well as

(G. Don.)
it

Description, &c.

little insignificant

blue flower, introduced so long ago as 1793,

described by Sir

when

was
for

raised at

Syon House, from American

but the exact locality of
its

seed.

It

was

first

James Edward Smith, and sought

by Pursh

native habitat

was not known

till it

was found by Douglas on the banks

situation in

of the

Columbia

in 1826.

It is quite hardy,

and grows best in a shady

sandy peat.

We

do not

know

where seeds are to be procured.

2.GILIA PUNGENS, Doug.

Synonyme.
et

THE SHARP-LEAVED
clammy down.
dilated
at

GILIA.
Tjeaflets

^goehloa Bot. Mag.

pungens, Benth.

Gilia squarross,

Hook

Leaves pinnate.

entire or cut, the lobes

Arm.

Hoitzia squarrosa, Esch.

t.

lanceolate-linear, very acute and spinose.

Bractcas ciliately hairy,

entire.

Enorating.

2977.
erect,

the

base.

Calycine

segments lanceolate, nearly

Specific Character.

Description,
of California,

Plant &c. A
it

much

branched, clothed with

Corolla longer than the calyx.

Stamens

inclosed.

(G. Don.)
A native
river,

very curious plant of no beauty

with very small flowers, and a

fetid smell.

where

was found by Douglas

in moist valleys,

and near the sources of the Mulnomack

one

of the branches of the Columbia.

to be procured.

The

plant

was introduced

in

1833

but

we do

not

know where

seeds are

now

3.GILIA ARENARIA,
Specific Chajucteii.

Senth.

THE SAND-INHABITING
pinnatitid, lobes

GILIA.

Stem humble, clammy, nearly naked.

Leaves

ovate.

Flowers somewhat glomerate; corolla three

times longer than the calyx.

(G. Don.)
in 1833.

Description, &c.
California,

A very

elegant

little

plant with a slender stem, and delicate blue flowers.

It

A native
;

of

and discovered there by Douglas.

was introduced

A specimen of this species

has just

been sent to us (August 16th, 1839), the flowers and buds of which are remarkably elegant and delicate
judging from which, the species seems to us well deserving of cultivation.

and

NO 2f

J..

c^M/a

ca^tia-iti^

Z.

,3.
.

"^M ^JL.p^aU
^,Jub

tenui^!^H4^

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

161

4.GILIA TENUI FLORA,

EuoRATiNGS.
Specific Character.

Benth.

THE SLENDER-FLOWERED
tary.

GILIA.
Corolla four times longer

Bot. Reg. 1888 Stem

t.

and

our/if. 6, in Plate 28.

Corymbs

loose,

on long peduncles.

erect,

tall,

clammy, nearly naked,

Powers usually
soli-

than the calyx.

{Benth.)

and pauicled

at top.

Leaves glabrous, bipinnate.

Description, &c.
dried specimens, as

This

plant

is

a striking proof of the difficulty of describing a plant accurately from

called the flowers blue,

Mr. Bentham, judging from the dried plant sent home by Douglas,
Dr. Lindley says, " the corolla
rose,
is is

while in fact they are of a beautiful pink.

violet in the inside, and,

in reality of a rich, clear,

uniform
of

on the outside, of a pale

lines,

but this colour

much

affected

by the presence

innumerable short deep-red

which are as

delicate as if

they were drawn with the point of a needle."

The

" flowers change

of this flower
living

in drying from rose colour to blue."

As

there appears something remarkable about the colour

we have

transcribed Dr. Lindley's

own

words, and

we have

only to add that the colour of a

specimen which

we

received

August

16,

from Lee's Nursery, Hammersmith, was exactly that shown in

stalks,

our plate.
feet

It is a very pretty, delicate,

and indeed beautiful flower, on long slender

in California,

growing about two

high and

much

branched.

It

was found by Douglas

and seeds were sent home by him in

It ripened, however,

1833, to the Horticultural Society's Garden at Chiswick, but only one plant was raised.

abundance of seeds, and

nurseries.

is

now grown

as

we

have before observed at Lee's, and probably in some other

Seeds

may

be had also at Charlwood's.

Douglas sent
in

it

home under
culture
is

the

name

of Gilia splendent,
all

but

we

believe that

name has never been adopted

England.

The

the same as that of

the

Californian annuals, see p. 156.

6.GILIA TRICOLOR
Engravings. Hort. Trans. N.
1704
P-oxt.
;

Benth.
Bot. Reg.
t. t.

THE THREE-COLOURED
Specific Character.
nate
;

GILIA.
Leaves bipin.
to 6-flowered,

S.

1,
t.

t.

18, fig.
;

Stem

erect, glabrous, leafy.

Swt.

Brit.

Flow. Gard. N. S.
i.

264

Bot. Mag.
vi.

3463
;

leaflets

or segments linear-subulate.

Corymbs 3

Mag. of

IJot. vol.

p.

150

Bot. Gard. vol.

No. 509

and

virgately panicled.

Corolla about three times longer than the calyx.

our^.
G. t 2

4, in Plate 28.
t;

(Benth.)
;

Varieties. G.
fl.

2 alba, our fig. S, in Plate 28

syn. G. bicolor;

albicantibus,

D. Don.

Description, &c.
to give

This very pretty

it,

little

annual

is

now

so

common
it

iu every garden, that it

is

not necessary

any particular account of

its

and the number of times that

set

has been figured during the six years that have

it

passed since

introduction,

shows the value that has been

upon

as an ornamental plant.

It

was found by

Douglas in California, in 1833, and seeds were sent by him in that year to the Horticultural Society's Garden.

The plant
as

is

of the easiest culture, and, if left to itself, will

for the Leptosiphons, see p.
it

come up
;

like a weed.

It succeeds admirably, treated

we have recommended

156

and by

successive sowings in February, April,

June, and August, beds of

may

be kept in

full

flower the whole summer.

it

Even

if

merely sown in February,

and

left to

sow

its

own

seeds as soon as they are ripe,

will produce a second crop the

same
all

year.

Seeds

may
will

be procured in any seed-shop, and they are generally so thoroughly well ripened, that
vegetate.

that are

sown

Gilia tricolor has a brilliant effect

when sown

to form a bed

by

itself,

but

it

also

looks very well sown

with mignonette in the

the flowers
;

way

directed for the Clarkias, see p. 57.

The

variety only differs in having no lilac in

and as neither of the kinds grow above a foot high, they look very well sown together.

Care

should, however, be taken not to

sow the

seeds too thickly

as they look better

when allowed

to spread, than

when drawn up.

152

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

6. GILIA
EsGRiTiNGs. Bot. Reg.
Flow. Gard. N.S.
3, in Plato 28.
t.

ACHILLE^FOLIA,
Bot. Mag.
1
,

Benth.

THE MILFOIL-LEAVED
thrice

GILIA.
linear-subulate.

t.

1682

t.

3440
150
;

Swt. Brit. and omfig.

pinnate

segments

or

leaflets

Corymbi
rather

280

Paxt. Mag. of Bot.

p.

capitate,

many-flowered, on very long peduncles.

Corollas twice as long as the calyx.

Calyxes

woolly.

Stamens shorter than

Specific CniRACTEa

Stem

erect,

emoothieh.

Leaves tulce or

the corolla.

{Benth.)

Flowers purple.

Description, &c.

pretty species of Gilia, not quite so well

known

as G.

tricolor.,

but

still

tolerably
;

common
and
its

in gardens.

It has

smooth pale-green

leaves,

and a branching stem, seldom growing above a

foot high
It
is

flowers, though not so pretty as those of G. tricolor, are valuable from the long time they

last.

native of California,

whence

its

seeds were sent

home by Douglas with

its

those of G. tricolor.

Its culture is the

same

as that of the other Californian annuals,

and

seeds

may

be procured in every seed-shop.

r. GILIA CAPITATA,
Engiuvings.
Flow. Gard.
t.

Doug.
;

THE CLUSTERED-FLOWERED
i

GILIA.
in Plate 28.

Bot. Mag.

t.

2698
t.

Bot. Reg.
;

t.

1170

Swt. Brit,
Plate 28.

Varieties.
white.

G.

c.

2 alba, Hort., our fig 2,

Flowers

287; Bot. Gard.

202

and out fig.

is

I, in

Description, &c.

This

species

very inferior in beauty to the other kinds.

It has long slender stems

It

three feet or four feet high, and the flowers,

Gilia, introduced

which are

small, are produced in clusters.

was the

first species of

from California, having been sent home by Douglas in 1826.

should be in masses.

It only looks well in a large

efifect,

garden, where

it

bed of

it

of considerable size has a very good

difiiers

but a single plant

species.

has a very untidy, straggling appearance.

are

The white variety merely

in colour

from the

Seeds

common

in all

the seed-shops, and they should be sown in the open border in March or April.

OTHER SPECIES OF
These are nearly
not
all

GILIA.

marked
them

as having been introduced

but

we have

never seen them in flower, and we do

know where

seeds of

are to be procured.

G.

LINIFOLIA, Benth.
It

This species has large white flowers and palmate leaves.

of
it

was found

in California

by Douglas, and

seeds

sent

home

in 1833.

G.

PHARNACEOIDES,

Benth. Bot. Reg. 1622.

size.

Only

differing

from the preceding in the flowers being about half the

It

was discovered

in the

same

country, and sent

home

at the

same time.

It flowered for the first time in this country in 1847-

G. PUSILLA, Benth.

Only
Chili,

diflfering in

the flowers being

still

smaller than the

last,

and in the plant being

prostrate.

Found

in

by Dr.

Bertero, and introduced in 1832.

G. SESSEI, G.

Don

syn.

G.

PINNATIFIDA,

Sesse et Mooino.
fascicles
;

Stem dwarf, and much branched

tnbe,

leaves pinnatifid.

Flowers produced in

corolla with a filiform

and braeteas

long.

A native

of Mexico, not introduced.

; ;

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

103

G.

LONGIFLORA,

G.

Don i

syn.

CANTUA LONGIFLORA,

Torrey.
;

Plant quite smooth

corolla salver-shaped,

leaves finely pinnatifid.

Stem much branched, panicled

at top

flowers in loose corymbs

with a very long tube.

A very

remarkable species, having very

much

the appearance of

a Phlox.

A native of the

Canadian

river, not yet introduced.

G.

CRASSIFOLIA,

Benlh.

Leaves pinnatifid and woolly, flowers rather small and yellowish.

high,
is

The

plant,

which grows nearly two

feet

a native of Chili, and was introduced in 1832.

G.

LACINIATA, Ruiz

el

Pavon

syn.

CANTUA BREVIFLORA, Juss.

;

THONNIA MULTIFIDA,

Domb.

Flowers purplish,

and jagged at the edges

leaves also

much

cut and pinnatifid.

A native

of Chili

and Peru,

but found also in California.

Introduced in 1831.
G.

MULTICAULIS,

Benth.

Flowers blue, on very long peduncles

1833.

leaves bipinnate.

native of California, sent

home by Douglas

in

CHAPTER XXIX.

LOBELIACEiE.
EssKMTiAL Chaiucter.

Calyx

superior,

5-toothed, or

5-parted.

like fringe.

Fruit capsular or baccate;

12-celIed;

many-seeded.

Corolla monopetalous, irregular, inserted in the calyx.

or 5-cleft.

Limb

5-lobed,

Albumen
axillary,

fleshy.

Milky herbs. Leaves alternate,

exstipulate.

Flowers

Stamens

5, perigynous.

Anthers combined.

Ovarium

and terminal.

(G. Don.)

asually

2-celled.

Stigma usually 2.1obed, surrounded by a cup-

Description, &c.
flowers,

Nearly

all

the plants belonging to this order are remarkable for the beauty of their
;

which are of the most splendid colours

but they are

consists of

all

dangerous in their qualities, on account of an

genera
;

acrid milk, in
plants.

which they abound.

The order

many

only a few of which contain annual

GENUS
LOBELIA, Pohl
Lin. Syst.

I.

THE LOBELIA.
Anthers cohering

PENTANORIA MONOGYNIA.
Corolla with
I

GzHERic Chaiuoter.

Limb

of the calyx 5-parted.

bilabiate limb.

two lower ones usually bearded.

the tube cleft on the upper side, and thickened at the base, with a

Capsule 2-celled, 2-Talved, dehiscent at the apex.

(G. Don.)

Desceiption, &o.
but
it is

The
is

genus Lobelia formerly included a great

all

many

flowers very dissimilar to each other

still

now

divided into several genera, nearly

the annual species, however, being

included in the true

I.
;

Lobelias.
it

The name

taken from L'Obel, a Flemish botanist,

first

who was

appointed botanist of James

and

is

interesting as being one of the

names bestowed

in

compliment to a living person.

introduced the practice,

Pohl,

who
of

named the genus

Lobelia,

was indeed the

first

in modern times

who

now

so

common,

complimenting individuals by naming plants after them with which they had no connexion.

y2

164

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

1.LOBELIA GRACILIS, Andr.

Engravings.
in Plate 29.

THE SLENDER LOBELIA.

Calyx length of filaments
;

Bot. Rep.
g.

t.

340

Bot. Mag.

t.

741

and out Jig. 5,

Racemes rather secund.

broader than long

superior i:p of

the corolla densely bearded

middle segment of the

lip

almost square,
;

Variety.
Specific

L.

rosea, our^^^. 6, in Plate 29.

lower leaves ne-irly ovate, deeply pinnatifid

supe-

Character.

Plant

glabrous,

erect,

branched a

little.

lior

ones linear-lanceolate, nearly entire.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

beautiful little plant, not growing

more than

six inches high,

and flowering profusely.

The
good

species
effect.

and variety were grown

as edging plants in Forrest's

Kensington nursery, and they produced a very

so as to

The usual mode

of planting

them

is,

however,
Esq.,

in a

bed by themselves,
raised
it

form a mass.

This

species

was introduced

in 1801,

by George Hibbert,
The

who

at Clapton, from seeds sent

home by

his collector, from the

Cape of Good Hope.

seeds,

which are now common in the seed-shops, should be

sown

in the

open border in April or May, or they

soil,

may

be raised on a hot-bed, and planted out in May.

situation.

They

require a light rich

and succeed best in a warm sheltered

2. LOBELIA HYPOCRATERIFORMIS, R. Brown.

Enokavings.

THE SALVER-FLOWEREI) LOBELIA.

Corolla fialver-shaped, with an entire tube, and

Synonyme.
Specific

Bot. Mag. 3075, and onr Isotoma Brownii, G. Don.

t.

Jig. 3, in Plate 29.

linear, quite entire.

somewhat unequal limb.

Flowers racemose.

(G.

Don.)

Character. Glabrous.

Stems almost simple.

Leaves

Description, &c.

This very

beautiful species has been placed

by Mr. G. Don

in the genus Isotoma ; and

is

it

does indeed appear rather to belong to that genus, than to the genus Lobelia.
deserves to be in general cultivation, but
it is

It

very handsome, and well

only rarely to be met with.

It

is

a native of the south coast of

New

Holland

and

it

thrives best in a light rich soil.

3. LOBELIA RAMOSA, Bmth.

Engravings
Botanist,

THE BRANCHING LOBELIA.

late, slightly toothed.

No. 93; and oMTjig.

4, in Plate 29.

Peduncle like branches bearing one flower each.

lip

Synonymr.

L.

coelestina,

Hurt.
branched, nearly
;

Corolla cut, with

the middle of lower

very broad, and slightly

all

Specific Character.

Stem

round, pubescent,

emarginate,
oblique.

smaller at the sides.

Anthers

bearded.

Capsule

lower leaves pinnatifidly cut into segments

upper leaves linear-lanceois

{Benth.)
its brilliant

Description, &c.
of time that
it

This very beautiful flower

it is it

remarkable for
It

colour

and

for the great length

will continue in flower after

It is a true annual,

cut.

grows two or three

if

feet high,

and continues in flower

;

several months.

though

will last

through the winter

preserved with care

and

it

succeeds

perfectly well

if

treated like Lobelia gracilis.

It is a native of the
;

Swan

River, and

was introduced

in

1837.

Seeds are not yet

common

in the seed-shops

but they
of

may

be had by members of the Horticultural Society

from their garden at Chiswick, and from Mr.

Low

Clapton, and some other nurserymen.

OTHER SPECIES OF LOBELIA.

The
seeds of

following species are

all

annuals, and nearly

all

well deserving of cultivation, but

we do

not

know where

them

are to be obtained.
L.

CAMPORUM,

Pohl.

dwarf plant, with blue

flowers, a native of dry fields in the Brazils.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

165

L.

MOLLIS, Graham.

'

Leaves eight

lines

long,

and

six lines broad.

Calycine segment equal in length to the tube of the corolla,

which

is

puqslish, with the tube cleft along the upper side.

Anthers purplish, having two short white awna

This very distinct species
into
is

projecting from their lower edge.

native of St.

Stigma almost simple, bearded (G.Don).

collected

Domingo, where

it

was

by Dr. Krauss.

It

was introduced

England

in 1828.

L.

INFLATA,

Lin. Swt. Brit. Flow. Card.

;

t.

99

syn.

RAPUNTIUM INFLATUM,

Mill.

dwarf

species with small pale-blue flowers

a native of North America, from Virginia to Canada, intro-

duced in 1759.
L.

CHINENSIS, Lam.
;

A creeping plant,

with pale-blue flowers, on long footstalks

a native of China, near Canton.

L.

EXCELSA.
feet

Wall.

magnificent plant

growing ten or twelve

high

with large flowers, and leaves nearly a foot long.

native of Nepaul, not yet introduced.

L.

ROSEA,

Wall.

plant from four to six feet high, with numerous rose-coloured flowers.

native of Nepaul.

L.

DEBILIS,

Lin., jun.

little feeble
1

plant, scarcely six inches high, with blue flowers.

A native of the

Cape

of

Good Hope,

intro-

duced in

774

and described by the younger Linnaeus.

L.

CAMPANULATA,

Lam.

A dwarf plant,

with blue, upright, bell-shaped flowers.

Introduced from the Cape of Good Hope, in 1821.

L.

ANCEPS,

Thun.

A low

plant with winged stems, and blue flowers.

Introduced from the Cape of Good

Hope

in 1818.

L.

URENS,

Lin.
if

The flowers

are purplish

and not showy

and the whole plant,

chewed, will be perceived to abound in a

It
is

milky juice which excites an unpleasant sense of burning on the tongue.

shire,

a native of England, in Devon-

and

it is

also

found in France and Spain.

L.

SERRULATA,

Brot.

native of Gibraltar in sandy

humid

places; closely resembling L. urens ; introduced in 1820.

L.

TENELLA,

Biv.

syn. L.

SETACEA,

Smith

L.

LAURENTIA,

Brot.

L.

MINUTA,

Dee.

prostrate plant, with the flowers greatly resembling those of Clintonia pulchdla ; a native of Portugal,

introduced in 1821.

,g,.

THE LADIES" FLOWER-GARDKN

GENUS
ISOTOMA,
Lin. Syst.

II.

Lindl.

THE
less

IvSOTOMA.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
;

Generic Charactek.
nearly regular limb.

Limb

of calyx 5-parted.

Corolla salver-

tljo

two lower ones mucronate.

Stigma

capitate,

protruding.

shaped, or funnel-shaped, with an entiro or cleft tube, and a 5-parted

Capsule 2-ceUed, many-seeded, dehiscent.

(G. Don.)

Filaments combined

anthers cohering, beard-

Description, &c.

The

name Iiotoma

signifies in equal sections

and

it is

given to this genus, from the

segments of the corolla being nearly equal.

ISOTOMA AXILLARIS,
Engratings.

Lindl.

THE AXIL-FLOWERED ISOTOMA.

tifid,

Bot. Reg.

t.

964

and our^E^. 2, in Plate 29.

;

toothed

peduncles axillary,

naked,

elongated,

1-flowered

Synonvmes.

Lobelia senecoides, Cunn.

L. senecionis, Spreng.
leaves sessile, pinna-

corolla salvcr-shaped, with

an entire tube.

Specific Cuaractbr.

Plant

(G. Don.)

rather

downy;

Description, &c. with any flower as

One

of the most elegant of border flowers.

this,

We

have seldom been so much delighted

we were with
Hill.

when we saw

it

for the first time in the nursery of

Mr. Henderson, Pine

in

Apple Place, Maida

It is a native of the south coast of

it is

New

Holland, whence
it

it

was introduced

1824;

but being supposed to be rather tender, and a perennial,

as a border annual.

only lately that

has come into general cultivation

in

The

seeds are

now common

in the seed-shops,

and the plants do best raised on a hotbed

it

February or March, and planted out in May.

If

sown

in the

open border,

should not be

till

April or

May ;

in

which case the plants

will not flower

till

August or September.

GENUS
MONOPSIS,
Lin. Syst.
Sails.

III.

THE MONOPSIS.
is

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
cleft

Generic Character,

Calyx

tubular, S. cleft.

Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, which

on one

side,

allowing the stameni to

escape, and a regular rotate limb.

Anthers cohering.

Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.

(G. Don.)

MONOPSIS CONSPICUA,
Engravings

Salia.

THE CONSPICUOUS MONOPSIS.

t.

Bot. Rep.

664

Bot. Mag.
;

t.

1499.

Stnonthes.

Lobelia speculum, Andrews

little

Specularia, Solander.

Description,
regularity of

&c

This very curious

plant has been separated from the genus Lobelia on account of the
like a very small Convolvulus

its corolla,

which in shape

is

more

than a Lobelia.
footstalks.

It is a prostrate It is a native of the

plant, with very rich dark blue flowers, having yellow anthers, on very long

naked

Cape
if

of

Good Hope, whence

it

was introduced

in 1812.

It is not easy to say

filled

where seeds can be procured; but

they should be obtained, they should be sown on a hotbed in pots

with peat and sand, and when planted

out in

May,

holes should be

made

in the border

and

filled

with peat earth, into which they should be transplanted.

cl.

,-<Hly

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUAL&

j^^

GENUS
CLINTONIA,
Lin. Syat.

IV.

Douglas.

THE CLINTONIA.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Anthers cohering; the two superior ones bearded
Seeds attached to two parietal placentas. (G. Don.)

Generic Cbiracter.

Limb of calyx

5-cIeff..

Corolla bilabiate, with hardly any tube.

Capsule silique-formed, triangular, dehiscing by three loriform valves, many-secded.

Description, &c.
bOfaour of the late

Beautiful

little

plants, found

by Douglas

in

North America, and named by him "

in

De Witt

Clinton, governor of the state of

New

York, and author of several ingenious

treatises

on different branches of natural history."

1.CLINTONIA ELEGANS, Doug.

Engraving.
Specific Character.

THE ELEGANT CLINTONIA.

angular;
sessile
;

Bot. Reg. 1241. Glabrous, stem pr\ocumbent, branched, rather

t.

leaves sessile, ovate,

3-veined;

flowers solitary, axillary,

ovarium

sessile, long,

acuminated.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
it

When

this plant

was

first

found

it

was thought very

and
blue."

beautiful,

and Dr. Lindlcy described

as looking,

when sown

in masses, like
it is

" a carpet of

silver

It

is

now, however, so completely out-

shone

by C. pulchella, that

rarely to be

met with.

There

is,

nevertheless, considerable general resemblance

between the two species.

C. elegans w.as found

by Douglas near

the Columbia river, and seeds of

it

were sent

home

in 1827, but they are not

now

to be procured in the seed-shops.

2.CLINTONIA PULCHELLA,
Engravings.
t.

Lindl.

THE PRETTY CLINTONIA.

two ovato, acute, spreading segments ; lower
lip

Bot. Reg.

t.

1909

Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. 2nd

ser.

corolla divided into

tripartite,

412; and

om fig.

1, in Plate 29.

and broad across the centre.

Specific Character.

Leaves and

sep^s obtuse, upper

lip

of the

Description, &c.

It

is

perhaps scarcely possible to imagine a more brilliant

little

flower than this, or one

more ornamental

for filling a bed, or a vase, or basket.

It is also remarkable for the length of time that it

it

continues not only in flower, but in full beauty.

Two

vases filled with

till

in our

garden at Bayswater have

this

year (1839) remained in

full

splendour since the month of May,

now, September 4j notwithstanding the

all

heavy

rains, violent

winds, and other unfavourable circumstances, which have tarnished the beauty of nearly

the other flowers in the garden.

The

plants appear

still

in a vigorous state,

and they are ripening a few

seeds,

which are contained in long capsules, that appear at

curious capsules,
little

first

sight to be the footstalks of the flowers.

dust.

These

when

ripe,

open on the

sides,

and show a number of very small seeds like

This beautiful

flower

was discovered by Douglas

.At

in California in 1832,

and seeds of

it it

were sent home by him the same

year to the London Hort. Soc.

first

the seeds ripened so sparingly that

it

was feared the

species

would soon

be

lost

but a better method of treating

was soon discovered ; and in 1838,

it is

so great a quantity of it

was grown

for seed in Forrest's nursery,

Kensington, and other places, that

now common

in nearly all the seed-shops.

it

The

species being quite hardy, the seeds

may

be sown in the open border with the other annual flowers ; but
in

does best

sown

in a hotbed in

March, and planted out

May.

As

it

has a procumbent stem, and branches very

168
much, a few plants
will

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

be
sufficient to cover

a small bed, or to

fill

a vase or basket.
;

It

is

better suited for the

its

latter purposes, or for

rockwork, than for growing in the open border

as from the lowness of

stature the full

beauty of

its

flowers cannot be so well perceived on the ground as

when they

are on a level with the eye, or

it is

hanging gracefully over the edge of a basket or vase.

In every situation, however,

highly valuable.

CHAPTEE XXX.

CAMPANULACE^.
Essential Character.

Calyx

usually 5-lobed.

Corolla

mono,

free, rarely

combined.

Stigma usually divided, with recurved

lobeB,

petalous, regular, usually S-lobed, with a valvate aestivation.

Stamens
|
i

Fruit superior, usually 5-ccllcd, many-seeded, opening at the sides or

apex.

usually 5, inserted along with the corolla on the disc of the ovarium, and combined with it, but free from the corolla. Anthers contiguous,

Albumen

fleshy.

Milky

herbs.

Loaves alternate, rarely

opposite; inflorescence variable. Flowers usuallydrooping

(G.Don,)

Description, &c.
comprise nearly
all

The genus Campanula of

;

Linnaeus, which gives

it

its

name

to this order, used formerly to

the annual species

it

and though

has been divided by

modem

botanists into several genera,

we

shall still

describe the plants

contains

by their

old names, as being those they are most generally

known by,

givincr the

new

ones

among

the synonymes.

We shall,

however, here say a few words on these

new

genera, and

shall

mention some of the reasons

signifies
;

why

they have been divided from the old genus.

still

The word campanula,

retained in the original

which
genus
in a

little bell,

refers to the shape of the flowers of the plants which are

while those with expanded corollas which shine in the sun, like the Venus's Looking Glass, are placed
called Specularia,

new genus

from speculum, a mirror.

Others that have long, prismatically-formed

fruit,

and erect

flowers, like C.

Prkmatocarpus, are called Prismatocarpus ; and others with beautiful

star-like flowers

like C. gracilit,

and

C. capensis, are

now

called Wahlenbergia.

There are several

others, the difi^erences

between

which are not so

easily perceptible,

making

in

all

thirteen

new

genera, besides the old genus Campanula.

GENUS

I.

CAMPANULA,
Gkneric Character.

Fuchs.

THE CAMPANULA, OR BELL-FLOWER.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
or broadly tubular.

Lin. Syst.

Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped,

when
five, opposite

Nectarium none.

Capsule 3
habit.

5-celled, not elongated.

Cells

the stamens and calycine segments.

Herbs variable in
this

(G. Don.)
The

Description, &c.
annual flowers are
all

Many

of the

most ornamental species of

genus are biennial, or perennial.

quite hardy, and of the easiest culture.

Their flowers, though handsome, have, however,

a degree of sameness in their appearance, as they are nearly all dark blue or purple, with
white.

some few

varieties

1.CAMPANULA LOREYI,
Engravings.

Vohl.

LOREY'S CAMPANULA.
glabrous
:

Bot. Mag.

t.

2581

Swt. Brit. Flow. Card. 2nd Ser.

sessile,

lower ones obovate, crenated

middle ones ovatehispid tube,

U 332

and

omfg.

5, in Plate 30,
;

lanceolate

superior ones linear, entire.

Calyx with a
lobes,

Synonymes.
Variety.
SpEciFir

C. L. 2 alba; and our CuARACTRR. Stem branched,

C. Baidensis, Balb.

ramossissinia,

Hort.
Leaves

and long-acuminated, glabrous, spreading

at the base, length of corolla, which
is

which are denticulated

rotate.

/Iff, 5, iu

Plate 30.
few-flowered.

somewhat

Capsule

spheroid, deeply furrowed, and beset with strigose

pili.

{G. Doth)

Description, &c.

This

very pretty species was named by the Italian botanist Pollini, in compUment to

PI

.^..^^.^.^,_

.,

'^^_^,_^ ^i^^^ew. _,J.^/.^.^^. m^>

5'-/p^.vt/uLAu.A

<i4*^

'6*mft*^J> j^Mu/um.

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
Dr. Lorey,
of Italy,

169

who

discovered

it

on Mount Baldo
in

in the Veronese.

It has since been found in several different parts

it is

and was introduced

England about 1824.

In the nurseriea and seed-shops,

easiest culture
;

generally called the

new

Venus's Looking Glass.

It is quite hardy,

and of the

the seeds only requiring to be

plants in dry weather require
if

scattered on the border,

and very slightly covered, to come up abundantly.

The

to be frequently noticed, as the roots are very slender,

and are apt to wither up

not supplied with sufficient

;

moisture.
is

This species

may
all

be grown either singly in masses, or as an edging plant

the seeds will vegetate.

for

which

last

purpose

it

very suitable, as nearly

2.CAMPANULA DIVERGENS,
Synonymes.

Willd.

THE SPREADING BELL-FLOWER.

leaves
leaves

C.
;

spatulata,

Waldst

el Kit.

C. nutans, Vahl

subspatulate,
sessile,

crenulated,

narrowed at

the

base.

Cauline

C. cemua, Balb.

C. pulcherrima, Hort.
Brit.

lanceolate,

acuminated.
bristly,

Peduncles many-flowered,

Engratings.
Plate fig. 3, in
Specific

Swt.
30.

Flow. Gard., 2nd Ser.,

t.

256

and our

diverging.

Lobes of calyx
;

long-acuminated, four times shorter

than the corolla

appendages of the sinuses ovate, obtuse, one half

Chahactbr.

Plant

pilose.

Stem

panicled

radical

shorter than the lobes.

(C Don.)
The general appearance
of

Description, &c.

The flowers
a native of
it is

of this very

handsome

species are erect in the bud, but drooping in their

expanded

state.

Many

are quite smooth,

and of a beautifully clear bright purple.

species.

the plant greatly resembles that of the

Bell.

common biennial

Campanula media, usually called

it

the Canterbury
It

C. divergens

is

Hungary and Transylvania, and

has been also found in Siberia.

nurseries.

was

introduced in 1814; but

biennial,

not

common

in the seed-shops

and

It

is

frequently considered a

but

if

the seeds are

sown very

early in the season, say in February or March, in a light gravelly or

chalky
June.

soil,

or brought forward in a hotbed

if

and planted out in April or May, the plants

will flower early in

Even

sown

in the

open border in April or May, they will generally flower the following August or
;

September.

The

plants while growing should be well supplied with water

and

if this

be attended

to,

and the

soil be such as to allow the free passage of the slender fibrous roots, the plants will

grow with great luxuriance

root.

and instances have been

known

of as

many

as fifty flowers having been

produced from a single

aCAMPANULA
SYNoirY]nE8...-Specularia Speculum,

SPECULUM,
;

Lin.

VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS.
SpEciric

Alph. Dec.

Prismatocarpus
f

Character.

Stem

branched.

Branches
is

3-flowered.

upeculum, L'Herit.
yisioni.

Campanula
102

pulchella,

Salisb.

C. cordata,

Calyx glabrous or downy, with a prismatic tube, which

narrow

at

the apex, and linear-lanceolate spreading lobes, which are at length

Engravings.
Variety.

Bot. Mag. C.
s.

t.

and

om fig.

4, in Plate 30.

reflexed.

Corolla length of the lobes of the calyx.

(G. Don.)

2, alba.

Flowers white.

Description, &c.

No
sow

description appears necessary of this

well-known flower, which has been grown and

is

in our gardens since the

culture.

time of Gerard, 1596.

itself, it

It is a native of the south of Europe,

;

of the easiest

If allowed to

will flower nearly all the year without trouble

or

it

may

be sown with the

other annuals in spring.

4. CAMPANULA

PENTAGONIA, Lm. THE LARGE-FLOWERED VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS, OR FIVE-ANGLED BELL-FLOWER.

pentagonius, L'Herit.
;

Symonthes.
pentagonia,

Prismatocarpus

Specularia

solitary.

Calyx beset with a few

stiff

hairs,

having a long prismatic

Corolla the length

Alph. Dec.

Engravings

tube, and long, linear-lanceolate, spreading lobes.

t.

Bot. Reg.

S6

and

Spxciric Character.

Stem

om fig.

I, in

Plate 30.

of the calycine lobes.

(G.

Don.)

branched, large.

Flowers terminal.

Description, &c.

This

species is frequently called, in the nurseries

and seed-shops, the large flowered Venus's

170
Looking Glass ; and indeed
5-cornered, but
it

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
The bud
is

very much resembles

it is

C speculum.
was
first

curiously shaped, and distinctly C. pentagonia

is

when

the flower expands,

large, regularly-formed,

and handsome.

a native
It is

of the Levant about Aleppo, and also of Greece,

quite hardy, and the seeds, which
It has a very

It

cultivated in

England by Ray,

in 1680.

may

be procured in any seed-shop, only require sowing in the open border.

;

good

efifect

sown in masses, or patches

or

it

may be

trained,

by tying

the stems to a slight wooden

frame.

6. CAMPANULA DICHOTOMA,
Synonymes.

Lin.

THE FORKED-BRANCHED BELL-FLOWER.

with
dicliotomous
bninches.
sessile in

C. mollis

var.,

Willd.

C. Afra, Cav.

C. decipiens,

Caulino leaves ovate, acute, a

the forks af the branches.

little

Rxm.

ei Schultes.

crenated.
Biit.

Flowers

Calycine lobes

Kngiuvings.
Plato 30.

Swt.

Flow. Gard.

t.

280

and our Jig. 2,

in

long, subulate, one-half shorter than the corolla. sinuses

Appendages of tho
the

of tho calyx subulate, one half shorter than

lobes.

Specific Character

Plant

clothed with

stiff

hairs.

Stem

erect

(G. Don.)

Description,

&c. A

rather curious plant, with an angular stem from six inches to a foot high,
at the ends,

much
The
This

branched

and the branches angular, spreading, hairy, and forked

;

which terminate

in flowers.

flowers are dark blue

species,

and, springing from the forks of the branches, they have a very singular appearance.

which

is

a native of the shores of the Mediterranean,

was introduced about

820.

The

seeds,

which
in
;

may

be procured at Charlwood's, and other seed-shops, should be sown in the open border in light rich
or April
it
;

soil,

March
but
if

and the plants

if

too thick

may

be transplanted in May.

They

will not need

any other care

be thought advisable, they

may

be trained by tying the branches to a light wooden frame, so as to display the

flowers.

OTHER SPECIES OF CAMPANULA.

The following
to be procured.
C.

species are

marked

as annuals in Don's Miller, but

we do

not

know where

seeds of

them are

LINGULATA,
root.

Waldst

et Kit.

Root branched.
heaps.

Stems many from the same

Leaves tongue-shaped.

Flowers in dense terminal

native of

Hungary; introduced
C.

in 1804.

DRAB^FOLIA,

Sibth. et Smith.

The flowers
of Greece,

are white, tipped with blue or violet-colour.

The

plant

is

of very

low growth

it is

a native

and was introduced in 1823.

C.

HERMINII,

Hoff.

A native
top
;

of Portugal

introduced in 1823.
blue.
C.

The

root

is

rather thick

the stem

is

upright and panicled at

and the flowers are pale

RAMOSISSIMA,

Sibth. et Smith.

Very

nearly allied to C. Loreyi.

A native of Greece;
C.

introduced in 1820.
Brot.

LOEFFLINGII,

Flowers

solitary, terminating the

naked branohlets, loosely panicled, drooping.

Corolla funnel-shaped, blue

or violaceous, with a deeper coloured zone beneath the middle, white at the base, both inside and outside.
native of Portugal, in sandy places
;

introduced in 1818.

OP ORNAMENTAL

AJ^'NUALS.

171

C.

FALCATA,

n<Bm.

et

SchuUes

syn.

PRISMATOCARPUS FALCATUS,

Tenore

SPECULARIA FALCATA,

Alph. Deo.

Tlio flowers,

which are rose-coloured, grow so

close to the stem,

and are

so intermingled with the leaves,

as to form a kind of leafy spike.

The

lobes of the calyx are sickle-shaped.

native of the shores of the

Mediterranean

introduced in 1820.
C.

HYBRIDA,

Lin.

P.

HYBRIDUS,

L'Herit.

S.

HYBRIDA,

Alph. Deo.

A native of Britainj
C.

with small pinkish flowers.

syn. C.

PERFOLIATA, Michaux ;
Flowers
sessile, rising

BIFLORA,

Rafin;

liuix et Pavon ; C. FLAGELLARIS, H. B.et Kunth; SPECULARIA PERFOLIATA, Alph. Dec.

C.

ANGULATA,

from the

axils of the leaves, solitary, or

3 together, and
;

longer than the leaves.

Corolla blue, always longer than the calycine lobes.

C.

A native of North America

introduced in 1680.
Alph. Dec.

DEHISCENS,

Roxb.

syn.
;

WAHLENBERGIA DEHISCENS,
introduced in 1818.

A Nepaul species,
Nepaul.
C.

with small white flowers

There are several other species natives of

CAPENSIS, Lin.;

Bot.

Mag. 782

syn. C.

ELONGATA,

Willd;
,-

ROELLA DECURRENS,
W. ELONGATA,
Schrad.

And. Bot.

Jtep.

t.

238

WAHLENBERGIA CAPENSIS,
Cape

Alph. Dec.

Flowers dark purple, and produced on very long footstalks.

native of the

Plant from one foot to two feet high.

of

Good Hope
C.

introduced in 1803.
Thun.
syn.

CERNUA,

WAHLENBERGIA CERNUA,

Alph. Dec.
1

Stem very
pedicels.

leafy at the base.

Peduncles erect, elongated, terminating in numerous

-flowered fiUform

Corolla funnel-shaped, with a white base, and blue lobes, drooping in the
;

bud

state.

native of the

Cape of Good Hope

introduced in 1804.
0.

LOBELIOIDES,
It is a native of

Lin. &c., &c.

This species has very pale red flowers.

Madeira, and was introduced in 1777'

It has

many

synonymes.

CHAPTER XXXI.

AMARANTHACE^.
Essential Charactek.
bibractcatc.

Stamens 3

Perianth 3 5-parted, usually

5, distinct or joined,

persistent, usually

solitary or

numerous

stigma simple or compound.

Fruit an ntricle.

having alterovules

Albuuien farinaceous
exstipulate.

embryo curved.

Leaves alternate or opposite

nate,

filiform,

proeesses between.

Ovarium

free,

l-celled;

Flowers in heads or spikes

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
Celosia,

The genera comprised

difiering so

in this order

which contain ornamental annuals are Amarantus,

it is difficult for

and Gomphrena; plants

widely from each other that

any one but a botanist

to imagine

any

relationship

between them.

Some

of these being seldom planted in the open ground,

we

shall not

give their botanical details.

According to Dr. Lindley's arrangement, the orders Amaranthaceas, Chenopodiacew,

and Polygoiimem sliould have preceded Nyctaginacece.

z2

172

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS

I.

AMARANTUS,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE AMARANTH.

MONCECIA PENTANDRIA.
Male stamens 3
Seed

Generic Character.

Calyx 3

5 sepals

corolla wanting.

5.

Female

styles

capsule 1-celled, and opening horizontally.

1. (itn.)

Description, &c.
brilliant effect

The flowers
call

of plants belonging to this genus are remarkable for their small size,
this,

and the
clustered

which, notwithstanding

they produce, from the great numbers of them that are

is in

together.

What we

a flower of Love-lies-bleeding, for example,

of

reality a spike containing thousands

eflfect

of flowers,

some male and some female, none

which have any

is

corolla,

but which produce their

by

their

coloured sepals and bractea, the texture of which

are a long time before they decay.

so dry

and

thin, that the flowers,

even after they are gathered,

of Amarantus, which
is
is

This quality has procured the genus the

name

derived from

two Greek words

signifying neeer-withering.

The Amaranth

of the poets

{Gomphrena

glohosa)

however now removed

several of

to another genus.

The

leaves of all the species of Amaranttis are wholesome food, and

them are eaten

in their native countries like spinach.

1. AMARANTUS CAUDATUS,
Specific Character.

Lin.

LOVE-LIES-BLEEDING.

Racemes compound, terminating, pendulous.

by
its long,

Description, &c.

This

species

is

easily distinguished from all the others belonging to the genus

;

pendulous racemes of deep crimson flowers

to three feet long.

the racemes having been frequently found to measure from

it

two

feet

The plant

is

a native of the East Indies, but

tells

appears to have been in cultivation in this

it

country since the time of Elizabeth, as Gerard

us that he received the seed of

from Lord Edward Zouch,

and grew

it

in his garden.

It

was

called

Branched Flower Gentle, and Fleur-d' amour, a name that was afterwards
it

corrupted into
seeds,

Floramore.
small, black,

In France

was

called Discipline-des-religieuses,
;

and Queue-de-renard.
it

The

which are

and shining,
it is

may

be had in any seed-shop

and though formerly

if

was considered

necessary to

sow them on a hotbed,

p. 5).

now found

that they will succeed perfectly well

treated like those of

Flos Adonis (see

weather.

When

the plants come up they will require thinning, and frequent waterings in dry
j

The

situation

where the seeds are sown should be dry, warm, and open
size.

and the

soil

should be very
considered by

rich, if it is

wished to grow the plants to a large

The plant

called the Tree

Amaranth

is

Miller to be a variety of this species.

2.AMARANTUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS,
Specific Character.

Lin.

PRINCE'S-FEATHER.
mucronatc (Z-tn.)
its

Racemes compound,

crowded, erect;

leaves oblong-lanceolate,

Description,
flowers being

&c

The

Prince's-feather

dififers

from Love-lies-bleeding chiefly in

is

spikes of dark crimson

to

much

smaller and more upright.

It

also

much

hardier,

and when allowed

sow

itself, it

comes
is

up

in such

abundance as to be quite a weed.

It is a native of Virginia,

and was introduced

is

in 1739.

There

a variety with green flowers, and another lately raised in Belgium which

much more branched

than the

common

kind.

The name

of hi/pochondriacus,

which

signifies

melancholy,

is

supposed to allude to the dull

reddish-green of the leaves, and to their dark dingy purple veins, which certainly give the plant a very gloomy

appearance.

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

I73

OTHER SPECIES OF AMARANTUS.

A.

TRICOLOR,

Lin.

This species takes

their brilliancy

its

name from the

is

brilliant colours of its leaves

when kept

in a hothouse, though they lose

when

the plant

grown

in the open

air.

Some

of these leaves are blue tipped with red, others

this species is well

red tipped with yellow, and others red, green, and violet. the shape of a pyramid, and
is

"When a plant of

grown,

it

assumes

very handsome.

It is a native of

Ceylon and other parts of the East Indies, and

was

introduced before 1596.

A.

SPECIOSUS,
is erect,

Sims, Bot.

Mag.

t.

2227.

This

is

a very showy species

the stem

and much branched ; the flowers are of a bright dark crimson,

and disposed on small

lateral racemes,

growing almost iu whorls round the main one, in such a manner as to give
This very

them

a very graceful

and feathery appearance, and the leaves are dark purple above and red beneath.

handsome plant was raised from seeds received from Nepaul in 1820, by Sir George Staunton,
beautiful seat,

at that gentleman's

Leigh Park, near Havant

it

but

it is

not likely to become a general favourite, from the great heat

required to bring

to perfection.

A.

BLITUM,

Lin., Eng. Bot. 2212.

it

This
is)

is

common

British weed,
blite.

which we only name here to prevent

from being confounded (as

it

often

with the Strawberry

GENUS
CELOSIA,
Lin. Syst.

II.

Lin.

THE COCKSCOMB.
Calyx of
five leaves, rough.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stamens one shorter
Stigma
3-cleft.

OsMxaic Chuuctek.

Number
;

of bracts uncertain, rough, acuminated, set under the flower.

filaments broadest at the base.

than the rest

Capsule truncated, many-seeded.

{Lindl.)
is

Description, &c.

Tender

annuals, with very curious flowers.

The name
if

of Celoda

said to be derived

from a Greek word signifying something burnt, because the flowers look as
to heat.

scorched, and dried up,

by exposure

1. CELOSIA COCCINEA, MUl.

Enorating.

THE SCARLET COCKSCOMB.

I

Spscinc Character.

Bot. Reg. 1834. Leaves narrow,

t.

furrowed; ears numerous, and compressed into the form of an acD-

lanceolate, acuminate

stem

minated pyramid

stamens shorter than the calyx.

Description, &c.

A very curious

plant, differing from the

common Cockscomb
It is also a

not only in the looseness

hardier plant, and only
it

of the head of flowers, but in its shape, requires to be raised

which

is

that of a pyramid.
tiU

much

on a hotbed, and not planted out

tassels in the
it is

May
till

after which, as

Dr. Lindley observes, "

This plant
is

goes

on enlarging

its

glowing crimson

open border,

winter destroys

it."

supposed to be

a native of China, from which country

said to have been introduced before the time of Gerard, 1597.

CELOSIA CRISTATA,
This very handsome and well-known plant derives
flowers,
its

Lin.
its

popular name of Cockscomb from

It
is

crested head of

which resembles in form and colour the crest of a cock.

a tender annual, a native of Japan, and other

]74

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
which are small, black, and shining,
like those of

parts of Eastern Asia; introduced in 1570.

The

seeds,

Love-lies-Bleeding,
is

may

be procured in any seed-shop, and the plants raised on a hotbed.

;

The

after culture

exactly like that of the garden Balsam

it is

the size and beauty of the cockscomb depending upon the number

of times

shifted into different pots before it

comes into flower.

There

is

a drawing of a very large Cocks-

comb

in the

Library of the Horticultural Society in Regent Street.

Thi-s plant,

which was raised by the

late

T. A. Knight, Esq., at
seven in height
;

Downton

Castle, was very large, the flower measuring eighteen inches in width, and

but, in 1834, a

much

larger

was

sent to 3Ir.
Esse.x.

Loudon by Mr. John

Pattison, gardener to Joseph

Trueman, Esq. Grosvenor House, Walthamstow,

largest ever grown,

This enormous Cockscomb, which was perhaps the

;

measured in height two

feet four inches

one of the leaves was one foot long and

fifteen inches in breadth.
;

five inches

broad

and the flower was very nearly two

feet in length,

and

It

was

also

remarkably
it

well-grown, with healthy leaves, and a very handsome symmetrical flower

the course of
one.
its culture,

and,

if

we

recollect rightly,

had, in

been shifted successively into eleven difierent pots, each a

it

little

larger than the preceding

There are several other aimual species of Celosia : but

is

said that they will none of

them

live

but in

the temperature of a stove.

GENUS

III.

GOMPHRENA,
Generic Character.
at the base into

Ti.

Br.

THE GLOBE AMARANTH.

I

Lin. Syst.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
1-ceUed.
(7<.
|

Perianth
;

S-partcd.

Stamens 5, connected
is

Style

1.

Stigmas 2.

Capsule l-seeded and valved.-

a sub-cylindrical tube, wliich

larger than the ova-

Sr.)

rium, but distinct at the apex

with or without bifid teeth.

Anthers

GOMPHRENA GLOBOSA,
This
is

Lin. ; Bot.

Mag.

t.

2816.

evidently the true

Amaranth

of the poets
this,

as its flowers are as they describe, round, of a deep

purple, and everlasting.

Notwithstanding

the plant

when growing has but

little

beauty to recommend

it

the shape of the heads of the flowers resembles that of the heads of

common

clover,

and they are produced on and structure

is its

long

stiff stalks

bare of leaves.

"When gathered and

closely examined, the colour, texture,

of the

flowers will be found very beautiful.

The most remarkable quality

is

in the Glohe
it

Amaranth

long duration.
it is

The
and

calyx,
it

which constitutes the

to this fine thin
is

flower,

indeed of so dry a texture that

flowers
it

seems dead even whUe

their glossiness

growing,

is

membranous texture that the

;

owe

and beauty.
till 1

The
it

Glohe Amaranth

a native of the East Indies

the Continent.

and though

was not introduced

where
it

into

England

714,

has

been long

known on

It appears in every country

has been known, to have been a

favourite decoration for funerals.

Homer

describes the Thessalians as wearing crowns of

Amaranths

at the

funeral of Achilles

and Milton, when speaking of the multitude of angels assembled before the Deity,
"
to the

says,

ground
cast

With solemn adoration down they

Their crowns, in-wove with Amaranth and gold

Immortal Amaranth, a flower which once

In Paradise,
fast

by the

tree of

life,

Began

to bloom, but soon for

man's offence

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
To heaven removed, where first it grew, there grows And flowers aloft, shading the fount of life.

I75

And where
With
Bind

the river of

bliss,

through midst of heaven,

Rolls o'er Elysian flowers her

amber stream

these that never fade, the spirits elect

their resplendent locks enwreathed with

beams;

Now in loose

garlands thick thrown

off,

the bright

Pavement, that like a sea of jasper shone,

Impurpled with

celestial roses smiled."

In the chiiTches on the Continent, the Globe Amaranth

ghrines

is

generally used, as a symbol of eternity, to deck the

on fete days

and

it

is

sold in Paris with the Gnaphalium, the Helichrysum,

in the cemetery of

and the Xeranthemum,

woven

into wreaths, to

hang on the tombs

Pere

la Chaise.

CHAPTER XXXII.
CHENOPODIACEiE.
Essential Character.

Perianth

deeply divided, persistent, witli

in

the bottom of the cell.

Style

usually cleft.
or spiral.

Pericarp

valveless.

an imbricate
periantli
;

fcstivation.

Stamens inserted
to its segments,

the

bottom of
to

tlie

Albumen mealy.

Embryo curved

Herbs, or undershrnbs.

equal in

number

and opposite

them,

Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers

insignificant, often unisexual.

seldom fewer.

Ovarium usually

free, one-seeded.

Ovulum

fixed to

{G.Don.)

Description, &c.

This order comprises

The
beauty to their

several of our

commonest and most worthless weeds, with several

;

valuable spinach plants.

to the order

flowers are greenish, and inconspicuous

fruit.

and the only ornamental plants belonging

owe

their sole

GENUS
BLITUM,
Lin. Syst.

I.

Lin.

THE

ELITE.

MONANDRIA DIGYNIA.
3-cleft.

Generic CHARiCTER.

Calyx

Petals none.

Fruit a berry. (Lin.)

1.BLITUM CAPITATUM, Lin.

THE BERRY-HEADED STRAWBERRY

SPINACH.

BLITE,

OR STRAWBERRY

Specific Character.

Heads
two

spiked, terminal.

(Lira.)
and spreads proportionately where
it

Description, &c.
is

The
;

plant grows generally

or three feet high,

allowed room.

The

leaves resemble those of spinach.

The

flowers appear in small heads at every joint, and at

the termination of the twig

and, after they have dropped the bracts, swell like those of the pine-apple, and form

a berry -like

fruit,

which when ripe has somewhat the appearance of a wood strawberry, or rather of a red mulberry.

The seed

is

black

when

ripe.

The plant

is

a native of Central Europe, and was grown by Parkinson in 1633.

2.BLITUM VIRGATUM, Lin.

THE COMMON, OR SLENDER-BRANCHED STRAWBERRY

Engravings.

BLITE.

SpEanc Character.

Heads

Bot. Mag.

t.

276.

scattered, lateral.(Lin.)

Description,
It is

&c.Differing

very slightly from the preceding

species,

but not having any terminal heads.

species

a native of the south of Europe, and was introduced in 1759.

Both

were formerly favourites

in

176

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

The
seeds should be

gardens, and the berries were used for colouring made-dishes in cookery.

sown

in

March

or

April, and

when

the plants come up they should be thinned out

observing, however, that they will not bear

if

transplanting after the flower-stem has begun to grow.

are supported with sticks, so that the branches

They

require frequent watering, and

the flower-stems

may

spread out handsomely on each side, the plants will look

very well when in

fruit.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

POLYGONACEiE.
BssENTUL Chaiucter.
eestivation.

Perianth

1 -leaved, divided,

imbricated in

farinaceous;

embryo

inverted, generally

on one

side.

Leaves

altei^

Stamens
1-seeded

definite*
;

inserted

In the

base of the perianth.

nate, sheathing at the base or adnate to the intra-foliaceous sheath.

Ovary

free,

ovule erect.

Styles

numerous.

Albumen

Flowers usually of separate sexes, generally racemose.

(G. Don.)
;

Description, &c.

Several very well-known

plants are classed

by modem
tart

botanists in this order

tlie

most

remarkable of which are the Buckwheat {Polygonum Fagopyrum),

Rhubarb {Rheum undulatum), Docks

and

Sorrels, &c.

The only ornamental annual

plants in the order are the Persicarias.

GENUS

I.

POLYGONUM,
Lin. Spst.

Lin.

THE POLYGONUM.
Corolla none.

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Seed
1, angular.

Generic Chaiucter.

Calyx

5-parted, coloured.

{Lin.)

Dbsceiption, &c.
arieulare), which
is

The genus Polygonum comprises many British weeds,

common
in garden

particularly the Knot-grass (P,

so

walks
;

the showy-Water pepper {P. am,phihiurn),so abundant on the

large piece of water in Kensington Gardens

and the common Persicaria.

The Buck-wheat,
which
is

as

we have

already
is

observed, also belongs to this genus.

The only

plant, however, included in it

cultivated in gardens,

the Garden Persicaria (P. orientale).

1.POLYGONUM ORIENTALE,
Engravings.
Specific Character.

Jacq.

THE GARDEN PERSICARIA.

t.

Bot. Mag.

213.
Stipules hairy, and hypocratiform.

Stem

erect.

Leaves ovate.
is

Stamens

7, styles 2.

Description, &c.

The Garden
;

Persicaria

a very showy plant, growing, in favourable situations, eight or

ten feet high, with loose branched spikes of deep rose-coloured flowers.
of

The

flowers are

much

larger than those

any other plant of the genus

botanists
it

and the

stipules

show

plainly the peculiarity of their construction, which

modern

make one

of the distinguishing characteristics of the order.

This peculiarity

is

termed ochrea

or boots, and

consists in the stipules being joined together

round the stem, and forming a

large,

sort of tube for the

joints to pass through.

like deep ruffles.

In the Garden Persicaria the stipules are so

varieties,

and so much wrinkled, that they look

is

There are two

one dwarf, and the other with white flowers. The species

a native
of

of the East Indies, and also of Asia Minor and

Egypt
is

and

it

was introduced

in 1707,

by the Duchess

Beaufort.

Though

a native of hot countries,

It should be

it

quite hardy

and only requires sowing with the other

keep well and generally
it is
all

annuals in March or April.

sowed

thin, as the seeds

vegetate

and

when
It is

it

comes up

it

should be thinned out, or

for

left in

a mass, according as
is

wanted

to

grow high

or spreading.

an excellent plant

London gardens where tnere

room

for it to

grow, as

it is

not in the least degree

injured

by smoke.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

277

CHAPTER XXXIV.

COMPOSITE.
EsSENTUL Character.
tubular, ligulate,

Limb

of calyx wanting or

membranaceouB,

one.
calyx.

Stigmas two.

Fruit an achenium crowned by the limb of the

or divided into bristles, palece, or hairs.

Corolla 5-toothed or 5-lobed,

Albumen none.

Usually herbs, rarely

sliruba.

Leaves

or

bilabiato, inserted

on the top of the ovarium.

combined, seldom
free.

exstipulate.

Flowers disposed in heads on a receptacle, or suiTounded

scales of

Stameus

5, distinct, perigynoua.

Anthers

by an involucrum, the

which are sometimes mixed with the

Ovarium adhering

to the tube of the calyx, 1-cellod, 1-seeded.

Style

flowers and are then called paleae.

(G. Don.)
of a great

Description, &c.
flowers or florets.

Composite flowers take

call

their
is

name from being each composed

number

of small
itself,

Thus what we

a daisy,
seed.

in fact a head or cluster of small flowers, each perfect in

and each capable of producing

composing what
daisy,
is

fruit or

These small flowers, or

;

florets,

are of

two kinds:
disk,

viz.

those

called the ray,

and which in the daisy are white

and those composing the

which in the

and many other composite flowers, are yellow.

like a

The
top,

florets of the

ray are called ligulate, and are shaped

at the

somewhat

comet of paper, being widely open at

and tubular only

bottom

while the florets of

for

the disk are called tubular, from their being tube-shaped throughout.
the Dandelion, the seeds or rather the fruit, are

In many of the genera, as

example in
call the

crowned with a kind of feather or wing, which botanists

have classed them
that given

pappus.
divisions
;

As the flowers belonging

and the
latest

to this order are very numerous, botanists

is

in several

minor

and most masterly of these modes of arrangement

his

by Professor De Candolle

in the fifth, sixth,

and seventh volumes of

Prodromus,

in

which

all

the Compositae are arranged in three great

useless, in

divisions;

and these are again divided into eight

distinct tribes.
;

It

would be

a work like the present,

to enter into

any detailed account of these

;

tribes

particularly as several of

them do not contain any ornamental

tribe

annual flowers
together,

and we

shall therefore content ourselves

with merely placing the flowers contained in each

first

and mentioning the name of the tribe before that of the

;

plant belonging to
for

it

that

we

describe.

The

generic and specific characters are greatly shortened

and we are indebted

them

to our excellent friend

us.

Geo. Don, Esq.,

L.S., v^hose merits as a botanist are too well

known
are

to need

any eulogium from

We have

generally retained the popular

names

of the plants,

by which they
:

known

in the nurseries

and seed-shops, as
deviated from
amplexicaulis,

the principal ones

this rule
;

and have given the new names as synonymes

its

but in some instances

of

we have

as for
;

example in calling Madia splendena by

new name

Madaria ; Tludheckia

Dracopis, &c.

because these names were attached to the figures of the flowers in our plates.
it

Before quitting the subject

may

be as well to mention that the old arrangement of the composite flowers

plants, such as the aster, the sun-flower,
ligulate florets in the ray
;

was

into three sections, the first of

which contained the radiate flowered

and
all

&c., the flower-heads of

which

consist of tubular florets in the disk

the second,

the thistle-headed plants, the florets in the flower-heads of

which are
;

tubular, but spreading very

wide at the

mouth, as in the Centaurea or Bluebottle, Sweet Sultan, &c.

flower-heads of which
are

and the

third, the succory-headed plants, the

composed

entirely

of ligulate

florets,

such as the Tragopogon or Goat's Beard,

Hawkweed, &c.

178

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

TRIBE EUPATORIACE^.

GENUS

I.

AGERATUM,
Lin. Sysi.

Lin.

THE AGERATUM.
many
imbricate linear scales.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
Involucre consisting of
Receptacle naked.

Generic Character.

Head

of

many

flowers, nearly globose.

Corolla 5-cleft.

Fruit nearly pentagonal, attenuated at the base.

Pappus paleaceous.

1.AGERATUM
Synonvme.
and OUT Jig.

MEXICANUM,
t.

Sims.

THE MEXICAN AGERATUM.

Specific Character.

A.

conyzoides, var,
t.

Mexicanum, Dec.
;

Stem

hairy.

Leaves ovate, nearly obtuse.

Engravings. Bot. Mag.

1, in

2524

Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard.

89

Flowers blue.
the apex.

Palea of the pappus, dilated at the base, and awued at

Plate 31.

Description, &c.

This very curious flower was introduced

;

in

1822 from Mexico, by* Mr. Bullock, so well

of

known

about that period for his exhibition of rein-deer, &c.

The name

Ageratum

is

taken from two Greek

words, signifying not to grow old

in allusion to the great length of time that the plant continues in flower
is

without changing.

Ageratum Mexicanum

generally considered as a half-hardy annual, and

is

raised on a hotin April

bed in February, and planted out in

May

and though the seeds may be sown in a warm border

it is

without any danger of injury to the young plants from cold,

to purchase the

generally better to raise

them on a hotbed,

or

young plants from a nurseryman,

and the seeds

as

when

the seeds are

sown

in the open border, the plants will

not flower

till

late in autumn,

will rarely ripen.

The

seeds should be
is

sown
for

thickly, as

many

of

them

are generally imperfect

it

and will not vegetate.

remains without fading.

The Ageratum

a valuable flower

a bouquet, from the

feet high,

great length of time that

As

it

grows from one and a half to two

and

spreads a good deal,

it is

more

suitable for a large garden than for a small one.

OTHER
which are annuals
but A. Mexicanum

SPECIES,

There are several other species of Ageratum enumerated in the

plants, all of
;

Hortm

Brilannicus, and other Catalogues of

in flower-gardens.

is

the only kind

now grown

TRIBE ASTEROIDEjE.

GENUS
ASTER,
Generic Character,
of

II.

Lin.

THE ASTER, OR STARWORT.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
;

Lin. Syst.

Flowers

of the ray ligulate, female

those

Involncral scales in three or four series

obovate, compressed.

spreading and ciliated.

Fruit

the

disk

hermaphrodite, tubular.

Receptacle

rather

convex.

Pappus double, deciduous.

1, ASTER CHINENSIS,
Stnontmes.
Nees and

Lin.

THE CHINA ASTER,

and the
pink, fig. 5, in Plate 36, were the
2,

Callistemma

hortense, Cass.; Callistephus chinensis^

;

fig. 3, the blue, fig. 4,

first

Dec;

Diplopappus chinensis, Less.

Reine Marguerite,

kinds introduced into England; but the striped \mety, fig.

is

French.
Engraving,
Varieties.

which

of the kind called the

German

aster, is of quite recent intro-

Our Plate 36. These very numerous

are

duction.
;

varying not only in colour,

Specific Character,

Lower

leaves spatulate, under ones rhomboid,

but in the form of the petals, some of which are quilled, as in fig, 1, in Plate 36 ; others are quite dwarf, and very handsome. The red,

and upper ones oblong

all toothed,

and somewhat

ciliated.

Branches

elongated, each bearing a solitary head of flowers.

Description, &c.

China Asters were

first

introduced into Europe

by Father

D'Incarville, a missionary in

cJSC-sJ^ Cn^^c'-'K^UJ.

'VH

'Uo, y-'t-m

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
China, whose

179

name was given by

botanists to

two

species of

handsome Chinese trumpet-shaped flowers now

incorporated in the genera

Tecoma and Bignonia.

Father D'lncarville took the seeds of the China Asters from

China

to Paris in

1730, and in 1731 Miller received some seeds from the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, which he

raised in the Botanic

Garden

at Chelsea.

The

first

kinds introduced were the single red and the single white

but

the single blue, or rather purple,

was obtained soon afterwards, and from these the numerous hybrids and

varieties

have been raised which decorate our gardens.

66, and p. 67), are merely hybrids

The kinds

called

German
;

Asters, like the

German

Stocks (see p.

and

varieties raised in

Germany

and excellent German seeds

may

be had

from Carter's, Holborn.

Tlieir

The French

are particularly fond of China Asters, and

is

grow them

to great perfection,

name

for the flower is la

for the

Reine Marffuerite, which

it,

supposed to mean simply the Queen Daisy, as the

said,

French name
that

Daisy

is

Marguerite, given to

as

it is

from the fondness of Margaret of Valois

for

common

wild-flower,

CuLTCRE.

China Asters
In

are generally raised on a hotbed

and when wanted to flower

finely, the

young

plants should be purchased of a

in

nurseryman in May,

When

raised in the open ground, the seeds should be

sown
are

warm

border early in April, and the plants pricked out towards the end of
all cases,

May,
as,

or sooner
left

when they

about three inches high.

China Asters do best when transplanted ;

It is also not

when

where they were

sown, the flowers are generally poor.

succession on the

thought advisable to grow China Asters two years in

same ground.

When

pricked out from the seed-bed, the young plants should be put into a bed

of very rich soil, trenched at least

a spade deep, and mixed with well-rotten ixntg from an old hotbed

though some cultivators prefer ground that has been richly manured the previous season.

The

plants in this

bed of rich earth, should be placed at least six inches or a foot apart from each other every way, and shaded and
well watered after transplanting.
figures, &c.,

When they are

to be placed so as to produce an efiect

by

their colours, in forming

they are generally again transplanted, just as they have formed their flower-buds, sufficiently for
;

the colour to be distinguished

tulips, so as

taking them up carefully with an instrument called a transplanter, used in removing

not to break the balls of earth round the roots of each plant.

Chalked string

is

then stretched over

the beds, so as to form the figure required,

and the Asters are carefully planted

florist.

in stars, circles, letters, crescents,

rainbows, &c., according to the fancy of the

We once

saw

in a

French garden, purple Asters planted

among white

ones, so as to

form a dark purple star on a white ground, which produced a very striking and
;

beautiful efiect.
difierent colours

China Asters look very well on a bank planted in rows, one colour in each row
round a
circle
;

or in rings of

with the

tallest plants in

the centre, and the dwarf plants nearest the edge.

2. ASTER TENELLUS, Lin.

SvNONVMES.

THE SLENDER ASTER, OR DWARF ANNUAL MICHAELMAS

;

DAISY.

Felicia tenclla,

Nees and Dec.

ciliata,

F.

fragilis,
;

Cass.

Engraving

Bot. Mag.

t.

33.
linear,
ciliated.

Aster dentatus,
tenclla,

Thun.

Kaulfussia

Spreng.

Cineraria

Specific Character.

Leaves

Branches naked,

Link.

bearing each a single head of flowers.

Description, &c.
lately

A very elegant
but
it

little

flower, which, though introduced so long back as 1769, has only

become a favourite in our gardens.

;

It is a native of

North America, and was

originally considered a

greenhouse perennial
is

has been found to succeed quite well treated as a hardy annual, and as such the seed

now

generally sold in the seed-shops.

The

seeds should be

sown

in

March, and the plants will not need any

further culture.

a2

180

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS

III.

KAULFUSSIA,
Lin. Syst.

Nees.

THE KAULFUSSIA.
of the inner scries keeled. ray without any pappus
;

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
;

Generic Character.
of the disk

Flowers
;

of the ray ligulate, female

those

Fruit obovate, compressed

those of the

hermaphrodite, tuhular.

Receptacle honeycomhed.
flat,

In-

the pappus of the fruit of the disk composed

Tolucral scales in two series

those of the outer series

and those

of one series of capillary, plumose bristles.

KAULFUSSIA AMELLOIDES,

Nees.

THE AMELLUS-LIKE KAULFUSSIA.

Specific Character

Engravinos.
Synonymes.
3, in Plate 31.

Cbarieis heterophylla var. Dec. ; C. Neesii, Cass.

Bot.

Lower

leaves opposite, the rest alternate;

Mag.

t.

2177

Bot. Reg.

t.

490

and our fy.

oblong and lanceolate

leafless
;

3-curved at the base.

first

Peduncles terminal and

heads of flowers at

yellowish, then blue.

Description, &c.
country
it

This

very beautiful

little

plant
raised

is

a native of the Cape of

Good Hope, from which

It

was introduced

in 1820,

and was

first

by Mr. Anderson
;

in the Botanic Garden, Chelsea.

was formerly considered

well if

as only half-hardy, and was raised on a hot bed

but

it

is

now

found to succeed quite

in the development

sown

in the open border in April.

its flowers
;

It affords a powerful contrast to the

is

Ageratum both
is

and duration of

and as that plant

remarkably slow in both, so

this

remarkably quick.

Plants

of the Kaulfusaia, the seeds of

which were sown

in April, will

come

into flower in

May,

or the beginning of

June

and by the

latter

end of that month

all their petals will

be curled up, and their seeds beginning to ripen.

It is quite a

In nurseries, the seeds are generally gathered early in July, and the plants removed.

dwarf

plant,

and beds of

it

appear one mass of flowers.

;

The

seeds are generally good and

come up quickly, and the

size,

plants

will bear transplanting if too thick

though

this is rarely the case, as,

first

from their small

;

they do not look well

unless near together.

The flower heads, when they

appear, are yellowish

they then become of a pale blue,

but before they curl up, they turn of a beautiful,

rich, dark,

mazarine blue, or almost purple.

TRIBE SENECIONIDE^,
In this tribe are included more than three-fourths of
all

Dec.

the ornamental annual Compositae.

GENUS
DRACOPIS,
Generic Character.
of the disk
series
;

IV.

Cass.

THE DRACOPIS, OR STEM-CLASPING RUDBECKIA.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
;

Flowers

of the ray, ligulate, neuter

those

inner series composed of small adpressed scales.

Fruit cylindrical,

hermaphrodite and tubular.

Involucral scales in

two
;

attenuated at the base

pappus crown-formed, quite entire,

outer series composed of six or eight linear spreading scales

DRACOPIS AMPLEXICAULIS,
Synonymes.
Jacq.
1

Cass.

THE STEM-CLASPING DRACOPIS.

Specific

Rudbcckia

amplexicaulis,

Vahl

R. amplexifolia,

Character

Plant glabrous, branched

stem-leaves alter-

R. perfoliata, Cav.

nate, cordate, stem-clasping, entire.

t.

Head

terminal, solitary.

Engravings.

Bot. Mag.

3716

and our jj^. 6

in Plate 32.

Description, &c.
lost to

This

plant,

though introduced from Louisiana so long ago as 1793, appears to have been

our gardens

till

about 1835,

when

it

was re-introduced by Drummond from

New

Orleans.

There are two

kinds
leaves
in

one with strongly-serrated leaves, figured by Jacquin, and the other the kind

we have

figured, with entire

and smaller flowers.

or April,

The

seeds,

which may be had

tied

at Charlwood's,

and other seed-shops, should be sown

March

and the stems of the plants

up

before they

come

into flower.

tynaJ<-A

itn^u-<^4-

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

jQi

GENUS
CALLIOPSIS,
Lin.
Generic Chiracteii.
5-toothed
scales in
;

V.

Reich.

THE CALLIOPSIS.
inner scries large, and erect.

Sffst.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
3 to
Receptacle
flat,

Flowers

of the ray neuter, ligulate,

covered with

linear

those

of the
;

disk hermaphrodite, tubular.

;

Involucral

deciduous palea.

Fruit compressed, naked, truncate.

two

series

outer scries short and squarrose

those of the

Description, &c.

The plants contained

in this genus have been separated

from those retained in the genus

Coreopsis, on account of the palea of the receptacle being in the one case deciduous

and in the other persistent

but this difference

is

of course only discoverable

by a

botanist on dissecting the flower.

:

The names

of the

two

genera, though somewhat similar in sound, have, however, a very different origin
koris,

Coreopsis being derived from

a bug, and

opsii,

the look
for

of,

in allusion to the shape of the seeds

allusion to the

and CaUiopsis being derived from

kallutos, the

Greek word

most beautiful, in

beauty of the flowers.-

1.CALLIOPSIS TINCTORIA,
SvuoNYMEs.

Dee.

THE DYEING
;

CALLIOPSIS.
The
538.

Coreopsis
Bot.
Mag.

tinctoria,

Nutt.

Diplosastra

tinctoria,

entire lobes
fruit is

upper leaves tripartitely multifid, with linear lobes.

Tausck

CaUiopsis bicolor, Reich.

t.

minutely tuberculated, and wingless.

t.

Engkivings.

2512; Bot. Reg.

t.

846

and OMt fig.

11, in Plate 31.

ViRiETY. C. t. 2 atrosanguinea, Mound's Bot. Gard. The flowers are dark-red.

Specific Character.

Radical leaves pinnate, or bipinnate, with

Description, &c.

A very showy and well-known garden

;

annual, with bright, orange-yellow flowers, more

feet high,
it

or less stained with blotches of dark-red

in proportion to its height.

growing two or three

much

branched, and spreading widely

in 1821,

It

is

a native of North America, where

was discovered

by

Professor
It

Nuttall, covering

whole

tracts of land in the

Arkansas

territory,

between the Missouri and the Mississippi.

was particularly abundant on the vast plains of somewhat elevated ground near the Red River ; and there the
inhabitants used the dried flowers for dyeing red, on
tinctoria, signifying dyeing.

which account NuttaU gave the plant the

first

specific

name

of

CaUiopsis tinctoria

was

supposed to be tender, but

it is

now found

quite hardy,

so

much

so, indeed, that it

may

be sown in autumn, to stand through the winter, without any care.

will flower early in

Thus
is,

treated, it vyill

produce very large and fine plants, which

it

May.

The common treatment

however, to sow
to thin

in the

open border in February or March, and when the plants are two or three inches high,
them, so as to leave the plants that are to flower at least six inches apart every
sufficient for a tuft
;

them

out, or transplant

way.
tied to

Three plants will be quite

and as they have very slender stems, they should each be

;

two or three thin

sticks painted green,

which should be driven firmly into the ground

or,

what

is

perhaps

better, each plant

may

be drawn through a dahlia hoop.

2. CALLIOPSIS ATKINSONIANA,

Hook.
I

MR. ATKINSON'S CALLIOPSIS.

Fruit m-irgined

Coreopsis Atkinsoniana, Dougl. Engravings. Bot. Reg. 1376; and oar

SvNOMVME.
t.

stem-leaves pinnate, with narrow subspatulate lobes.

fig. 14, in Plate 31.

with a short wing, quite smooth.

;
|

Specific

CuAKACTER.^Radical leaves bipinnate, with

entire lobes

Description, &c.
smaller,

Very

distinct

from C.

tinctoria, in its flowers

being of a pale yellow,

less blotched,

more cup-shaped, and more numerous.

It is

marked in the Bot. Reg. as a perennial, but

if

we have always
generally comes

found

it

succeed quite well treated as an annual, and

sown

at the

same time

as C. tinctoria,

it

into flower a

few days before that

species.

It

was found by Douglas

in 1825,

growing abundantly on an

island in the river

Columbia

in California.

]32

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

3.CALLIOPSIS

DRUMMONDI,
;

D. Don.

DRUMMOND'S CALLIOPSIS.
and sometimes bipinnate.
Leailets roundish, obovatc
;

Symonyhes.

Coreopsis

diveraifolia,

Hook.

C.

auriculata, var.

pinnate,

obtusci

diversifolia, Elliott.

qnite entire.

Involucral scales with both series joined at the base.

Encratinos.
Ser.,
t.

Bot.

Mag.

t.

3474

Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. 2nd

Flowers of the ray, quadrifid at the apex.

ilat disk,

Fruit oval, awnless, with a

315

and omfig. 9,

in Plate 31.

and a thickened margin.

Specific Character.

Plant

hairy, or glabrous.

Leaves temate.

Description, &c.

When

Mr. Drummond, the botanical

diflferent

collector,

was

at Texas, in Mexico, in

1834, he

found large tracts of land covered with

kinds of Calliopsis, among which was this beautiful annual,

which appeared

to him, as

it

really

is,

much

larger and finer tlian

any of

its

congeners.

He

sent seeds to the

in the open
air,

Botanic Garden, Glasgow, which arrived in February 1835, and being

sown immediately

produced flowers the following July.

their flowers in June.

In the neighbourhood of London, seeds sown in March generally produce

is

The

plant itself

of the easiest culture

for as it does not

grow above a

foot, or a foot

and
it

a half high, and has a

much
it

stronger stem than C. tinctoria,

it

does not require staking and tying up.

As

does not branch so much,

also will not require thinning out, unless the seed has

been sovwi very thickly.

The

specimen figured in our Plate 31, gives a very unfavourable idea of the plant, as the flowers are generally nearly
tvsrice

as large

and certainly always

aa the Calliopsis.

larger,

on an average, than those of the Sphenogyne

speciosa,

which

is

figured

in the

same plate

OTHER
C.

SPECIES.
Bot.

FILIFOLIA, Hook.,

Mag.

t.

3505.

One
The

of the species of this genus, found

by Drummond

in Texas,

and sent home by him with C. Drumnwndi.

species
;

flowers are smaller and

more cup-shaped than those of that

scarlet.

the florets of the ray are narrow,

numerous, and quite yellow, and those of the disk are

is

The
Hook.

leaves are long and very narrow.

The name

in Charlwood's seed-catalogue.
C.

CORONATA,
The

Another species found by Drummond

long, narrow,

in Texas.

florets of the

ray are very numerous, and they are

and sharply dentated.

They

are of a bright orange, with a very singular ring of dark red spots
is

spreading round the centre of the corolla, at a considerable distance from the disk, which
smaller than the disk of these flowers generally
is.

yellow, and

much

The

root

is

very small, and somewhat carrot-shaped, and the

of this species
is

stem being very weak and slender, requires tying up.

The name

also in Charlwood's catalogue.

GENUS

VI.

HELIANTHUS,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE SUN-FLOWER.
covered- with half- clasping oblong palese.
tragonal, villous or glabrous.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
Fruit compressed, or subtescales, or
;

Generic Character.

Head of many
;

ilowers.

Flowers of the ray

involuci-al

iigulate, neuter, those of the disk tubular,

hermaphrodite

Pappus generally of two small

scales irregularly imbricated

outer ones foliaceous, acute, appendicu-

awns.

lated, inner ones smaller, palea-formed.

Receptacle

flat,

or convex

1. HELIANTHUS ANNUUS,
Spxcinc Charicter,

Lin.

THE ANNUAL SUNFLOWER.

Heads
large, drooping.

Stem

generally simple.

Leaves alternate, cordate, or nerved, coarsely serrated.

ciliated.

Scales of invo-

lucrum

Fruit of the disk furnished with tw.o awns.

is

Description, &c.

The common sun-flower

it

a native of Peru, where

it

was regarded

in the

time of the

Incas as a sacred flower, and imitations of

in gold

were worn by the virgins of the sun, at

their great festivals-

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNDALS.
This
is

183

the reason

why this

plant was called the sun-flower

a name before appropriated to the Helianthemum, or

as pining herself to
to the sun.

Sun-rose, which no doubt was the plant alluded to

by Ovid, when he represented Clytia

death for love of Apollo, and being changed by the pitying

God

into a flower,

which always turned

The

Italian

Helianthemum

is

indeed of a pale yellow, admirably expressive of the complexion of a sickly girl

pining herself

away

for love,

which Ovid describes by saying that the flower retained

Clytia's

wan

paleness

an expression which becomes absurd when applied to a flower of such a glowing colour as the Peruvian Sunflower.

The Helianthemum

also does turn to the sun,

its

and only opens under the influence of

its

beams ; while

the Peruvian Sun-jflower has generally

cultivated by Gerard, before
1

flowers turned in opposite directions.

The common Sun-flower was

596

as he mentions it

under the names of the Flower of the Sun, or the Great

Marigold of Peru
feet,

and

tells

us that he had one which grew in his garden in Holbom, to the height of fourteen
across.

and produced flowers which measured sixteen inches

The

culture of the Sunflower is as simple as possible, as the seeds only require to be

sown

in

any

soil or

situation, or at almost
It
is,

any

season, to vegetate

and the

stalk

is

too strong to require

any training or tying up.

however, too large a flower for a small garden.

for

The Sunflower has

occasionally been cultivated both in

Europe and America

with
it,

commercial purposes

and Mr. Taylor, a London seedsman, has many acres covered

oil

from which he has succeeded in making

from the

seeds, thread

and paper from the

fibre,

and potash

from the ashes of the refuse.

OTHER ANNUAL KINDS OF HELIANTHUS.

H. INDICUS, Lin.

A
1785.

dwarf

species, a native of

Egypt, not growing more than eighteen inches or two

feet

high

introduced in
sunflower.

De

Candolle considers this kind, and the

H.

humilis of Persoon, as varieties of the

;

common

H. PETIOLARIS, Nutt.

Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. 2d.

;

s. t.

75.

very handsome species, a native of the sandy plains of the Arkansas

it

and found there by Professor

till

Nuttall in 1821, though

does not appear to have been introduced into England

1825.

It is a very

handsome
rich

species, greatly

resembling the

common

perennial sunflower

but the flowers are

larger,

and have a

dark purple centre.

Seeds

may
H.

be procured at Charlwood's.

LENTICULARIS,

Doug.

Bot. Reg.

1.

1265.

A
do not

very showy species, the flowers of which have an intense yellow ray, and dark reddish purple disk.
;

It

was discovered in the Arkansas territory of North America, by Douglas, and sent to England in 1833

but

we

know where

seeds are

now

to be procured.

H. OVATUS, Lehm.
This species
paler disk.
is

frequently sold in the seed-shops for

H. petiolaris, but
Deo.

it is

not so handsome, having a

much

It is a native of

Mexico.
H.

MACROCARPUS,

This

is

the kind usually sold

by the French seedsmen, under the name

of the hybrid long-seeded sunflower.

The

florets of

the ray are large, and of a pale lemon colour, and those of the disk are yellow.

H. PATENS, Lehm.

The stem

is

strong and erect ; and the branches widely spreading.

The

flowers have a rich purple disk, and

a bright yellow ray.

The plant

is

a native of the southern provinces of North America.

184
H. SPECIOSUS, Hook.; Bot. Mag. 3295;

THE
syn.

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
>

LEIGHIA SPECIOSA, Dec;

Bot. Reg.
t.

TITHONIA TAGETIFLORA,

D. Don,

591.

This very singular flower has an orange scarlet ray, and a bright golden yellow disk.
swollen near the flower like that of a French marigold
;

The flower

stalk is

and the appearance of the disk and ray somewhat

in 1834.

resembles that of a Zinnia.

It

is

a native of

Mexico, and was introduced

GENUS
BIDENS,
Generic Character.

VII.

Lin.

THE BUR-MAEIGOLD.
flowers
I

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
;

Flowers
1.

of the ray ligulate, neuter

;

Receptacle

flattish, paleaceous.

Fruit more or less compressed, prickly,

stiff

of the disk tubular, hermaphrodite

involucral scales in two series.

terminated by a beak, which ends in two or five

hairy awns.

BIDENS STRIATA,
t.

Swt.
t.

THE STRIATED BUR-MARIGOLD.

3155.
ated, serrated.

Ehoratings.
Specific

Swt.

Brit.

Flow. Card.

237; Bot. Mag.

Heads corymbose,
by two

pedicillate, the outer scales of the

Character.

Stem somewhat

tetragonal, striated, rather

involucrum compressed.
angles, terminated

Fruit somewhat tetragonal, with scabrous

bristles.

downy.

Leaves glabrous, ternate.

Leaflets ovate-lanceolate,

acumin-

Description, &c.
five

vigorous-growing showy annual, having rather small flowers, consisting of only

white

florets in

the ray, with a golden yellow disk.

feet high,

The plant

is

not suitable for a small garden, as the

stem grows three or four

leaves
;

with numerous branches, and a great number of rather large and coarse-looking
its flowers.

though

it

looks well in a large garden from the great profusion of

It is a native of Mexico,
little

and was introduced about 1830.

villa at

We

saw the plant growing

;

in the garden of

Mr. Harrison's beautiful

Cheshunt, in the summer of 1839

but

we do

not

know where

seeds can be procured in the shops.

2. BIDENS GRANDIFLORA,
Synonymes
serratula,

Sail.

THE LARGE-FLOWERED BUR-MARIGOLD.

B.
Specific Character.

B.
;

odorata.

Dun.;

B.

diversifolia,
;

Hort.\

Stem
cut
;

cylindrical, glabrous.

Leaves glabrous,
are oblong

Desf.

Coreopsis diversifolia, Jacq.

Kemeria

serrulata,

pinnate, with three or five pairs of leaflets,

some of which

Cass.

Cosmea

lutca,

Sims.
t.

and serrated, or a

little

others are

divided into linear lobes.

Engravings.

Bot. Mag.

1689

and our fig. 11, in Plate 32,

Heads

pedicillate.
;

Involucral scales ciliated.

Fruit subtetragonal,

under the name of Cosmea lutea.

glabrous

terminated by two or four awus.

Description, &c.

A pretty yellow

flower, a native of Mexico, brought to

in the Bot. Mag.,

England by Lord Holland from

Madrid
but
it is

in 1812.

It

was described and figured by Dr. Sims

it is

under the name of Cosmea lutea;

Seeds

quite evidently a Bidens, and

called so in

De

CandoUe's

new arrangement.

may

be procured

at Charlwood's,

under the name of Bidens

will flower in July.

diversifolia,

and they should be sown in a warm border in March or

April,

when they

GENUS
COSMEA,
Lin.
St/St.

VIII.

JVilld.

THE COSMEA.
out into a thread at the apex.
cordate appendage.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
Flowers Anthers each terminated by a
scariose
;

Generic Character.. Flowers of the ray ligulate, neuter.

of the disk tubular, hemaphrodite.

Involucrum double

each com-

posed of eight or ten scales, which are com1)ined more or less at the
base.

crowned by 2

Fruit tetragonal, beaked, and sometimes

Btipitate

scabrous deciduous awns.

Receptacle

flat,

paleaceous.

Paless

membranous, each drawn

1. COSMEA BIPINNATA,

Willd.

THE FINE-LEAVED COSMEA.

remote,
quite
entire,

Cosmos bipinnatus, Cav. Engraving. Bot. Mag. 1535.

Synonyme.
1.

linear

segments,

Fruit

glabrous,

beaked;

crowned by three awns.

Leaves bipinnate, with

Specific

Character.

Quite

glabrous.

Description, &c.

This

beautiful plant

was discovered

in

Mexico, before 1789

as seeds of

it

sent to

OP ORNAMENTAL

ANNUALS.
It

185

Madrid produced plants, which blossomed in that year in the Royal Botanic Garden of Spain.
described and figured in 1797,
this

was
;

first

by

Cavanilles,

who

called

it

Cosmos, from the Greek word Kosmos, beautiful

but

name was afterwards

altered

by Willdenow

to

Cosmea, as being more consistent with the rules of botanical

till

nomenclature.
lost.

It does not appear to

easily accounted for
;

have been introduced into England

it
is

1804

and then

to

have been soon

artificial heat,

This

is

as

found that

if

the plants are not brought forward by

frost.

they will not be suflSciently advanced to ripen their seeds before the setting in of the
plants did not

In Madrid, the

come

into flower

till

October, and did not ripen their seeds

;

till

December.

Seeds of this species

may

be procured at Carter's,

Holbom

and they should be sown in January on a

in frosty weather,

slight hotbed, or in a

warm

border,

and covered with a hand-glass, being sheltered

and during cold nights with the

in the

addition of a bast mat.

Plants thus treated will grow freely

of 1838, nearly six feet high
;

some

in

Mr. Henderson's nursery

Edgeware

Road
in

being, in the

summer

and they will produce their splendid largo pink flowers

September and October.

C. diversifolia, another Mexican species, has tuberous roots like those of a dahlia,

and should be treated in the same manner.

SywoNYME.
Specific

2.COSMEA TENUIFOLIA. THE SLENDER-LEAVED COSMEA. bipinnate. Lobes linear, remote, acute, entire or divided. Cosmus tcnuifolius, Lindl.
Bot. Reg.
t.

Involucrum

Enghavings

2007

and

Character.

The

am fig.

1, in

Plate 32.

with ovate, acuminate, exterior scales.

Fruit rough, beaked, and

"whole

plant very

smooth.

Leaves

crowned with from one

to three bristles.

Desckiption, &c.

Closely resembling

C. lipinnata, but differing in the leaves being

;

still

more
;

finely cut,

and sometimes again divided at their points

fruit

in the scales of the involucrum being less acuminate

bristle.

and in the

being rough, with a longer beak, and being frequently found with only one
of a reddish lilac

The

flowers also are

is

more purple or
of Mexico,

than those of C. lipinnata, which are decidedly pink.

species.

C. tenuifolia

a native

and requires the same treatment as the preceding

It does not

however grow

so high,

and

is

therefore

more manageable in a small garden.

GENUS IX. SANVITALTA, Cav. THE SANVITALIA.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
perhalf-clasping

Generic Character.
sistent
;

Flowers

of the ray ligulate,

female,

oblong

palesc.

Fruit of the ray triquetrouf,

;

smooth,

those of the disk, hermaphrodite, tubular. Involucral scales in

series.

crowned by three thick awns

those of the disk compressed, of two

two or three

Scales adpressed,

somewhat imbricated, the inner

forms, the outer ones muricated, the inner ones winged, ciliated, and

one lather longer than the rest.

Receptacle conical, furnished with

ending in two small awns.

SANVITALIA PROCUMBENS, Lam. THE TRAILING SANVITALIA.

SrNONYMES.
Engravings

S. villosa,

Cav.
t.

;
;

Lorentea atropurpurea, Ortega,

Specific Character.

Stem procumbent, or

diffuse.

Leaves ovate.

Bot. Reg.

707

and onifig. 12, in Plate 31.

little

Flowers of the ray exceeding the awns of the

is

fruit.

Description, &c.

This very beautiful

when
is

plant

a native of Mexico, from which country

it

it

was

sent to

Cavanilles, at Madrid,
in 1798.

and Lady Bute brought seeds of

it

from the Botanic Garden in that city to England

little

Notwithstanding the number of years that

within the last few years,
it

has been in the country, this flower was very

it

known

till

was

accidentally brought into notice, and

has since become quite

common

in

gardens and nurseries.

It

a low, compact-growing plant, presenting a complete mass of flowers, B B

186
which are romarkablo
are
it

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
rich dark purple disk. It is quite hardy,

for their bright orange ray,

and

and

if

the seeds

sown

in February,

March, or April,

it

will require

no other

cai-e

as from its

low and neat

liabit of

growth

will not

need either training or thinning.

GENUS
TAGETES, Toum.

X.

THE FRENCH AND AFRICAN MARIGOLDS.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
IiiTolucral

Generic Ciukacter.
scales ID

Head

radiate, Botncwbat discoid.

Fruit

elongated,

attenuated

at

tho
;

base

compressed, tetragonal.
at the

one

scries,

combined iuto a campanulate, or cylindrical cup,

Receptacle somewhat honey-combed.

Pappus simple with unequal

base, others

palea;

some obtuse and combined

which

is

toothed at tho apex.

awned, elongated, and

free.

].TAGETES PATULA,
Ekoravinos.
Specific Ciiaiucteh.

Lin.

THE SPREADING TAGETES, OR FRENCH MARIGOLD.

Plate 32.
i

Bot, Mag. ISO Stem

t.

and onr fig.

8, in

pinnate, with linear-lanceolate serrated segments

the upper serralnres

erect.

Branches spreading.

Leaves

Bometimts awned.

Peduncles cylindrical, imrolucrum smooth.

its

Description, &c.

The commonness
if
;

of this flower prevents its exciting the admiration that

brilliant

colours could not fail to obtain,

varieties of
it

the plant they belong to were either

new

or rare.

There are numerous

both single and double

and these display great variety in the

stripes,

and in the proportion of dark

varieties

red in each flower.

Curtis, in the fifth

;

volume of the Botanical Magazine, mentions that two principal

sort,

were then kept in gardens

usually called
tlie

the

common dwarf

with a very strong disagreeable smell, and a larger kind,

title
;

sweet-scented, but which possessed no other claims to that

than being rather

less disagree-

able than the other.

The

history of this plant

it

is

involved in some obscurity

as the early writers on plants

is

appear to have confounded

with the upright or African Marigold.

The

striped Marigold
it

mentioned by

Hernandez

as being a native of
it

Mexico

and Gerard, who gives a good figure of

under the name of the French

rate
it

Marigold, says that

was

also called the carnation or Gilliflower of Peru.

At any

appears to have been

very early in cultivation as a garden flower, as

wrote, viz. 1596.
in

Gerard speaks of
gardens, and
is

it

as being well

known

at the time at

which he

It is

still

a favourite in

many

frequently raised on a hotbed, and planted out

May.
2
Si-EciFic

TAGETES ERECTA,

Lin.

THE ERECT TAGETES, OR AFRICAN MARIGOLD.

Leaves pinnate, with lanceolate, serrulated segments
;

Character.

Stem

and branches
awned.

erect.

tho upper serraturcs sometimes

Peduncles vcntricose at the apex.

Involucrum rather angular.

Description,
is

&c.This

well-known plant

difiers principally

from the French Marigold

in its colour,

which
intro-

of a deep orange not striped with brownish-red.

It is said to be a native of Africa,

and to have been

in 1535.

duced into Europe by the Emperor Charles V. on his return from his expedition to Tunis
liis

Fuchsius, in
this Tagetes,

History of Plants, the

its .old

first

edition of

which was published in 1542, gives a very good figure of

;

under

French name of Gyroflee-d'Inde

and describes

it

as a kind of Indian

wormwood.

He

adds that

" the flowers are at the extremity of the shoots, as yellow as

mentions
its

safiton,

and

for

beauty

inferior to none."

He

also

having been brought to France from Germany.

It appears to have been introduced into England

with the striped Marigold, as both are figured and described together in the old books on plants.
is

The

culture

the same for both.

it/-M<M

th?u*< rec(i>

X,

V,^<>r^>A.M^ut,

r-aX^'T'ti,

3.

^MnJU^rm-

f/t^jifij

.y 0*n.6ai*-

ece-^ I

'

''W<j<.-'

ti<Jai^'. 'jt.^<^fU4f

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

187

OTHER SPECIES OF TAGETES.

T.
Tliis species

CORYMBOSA,
is

Swi. Brit. Fl. Card.

t.

151.

has pink flowers. not

It

a native of Mexico, and was introduced in 1825.

Tliere is a yellow

variety,

but

we do

know where

seeds of either the variety or the species are to be procured.

T.

TENUIFOLIA,

Cat)., Bol.

Mag.

t.

2045.

A
do not

tall untidy-looking plant, with small, ill-shaped, yellow flowers.

all

native of Peru, introduced in 1797.

;

There are several other kinds of annual Tagetcs,

with yellow flowers

but

we have

never seen them, and

know where they

are to be procured.

GENUS
GAILLARDIA,
Lin. Sysl.
Generic Ch*iiacter
nerved, glandular,
tubular.

XI,

Foug.

THE GAILLARDIA.
three series, each furnished with a leafy, acuminated appendix.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
Fruit
oblong, villous.

Flowers

of the ray ligulatc, neuter, many;

trifid at tlic

apex

those of

tlic

disk hermaphrodite,

Palea of the pappus one-nerved and awned.

Receptacle coutcx, fringed.

Involucral scales in two

or

1. GAILLARDIA DRUMMONDII,
Synonyme.
ENGRiviNG

Dec.

MR. DRUMMGND'S GAILLARDIA.

undivided or cut.
Corollas hairy, longer than the pappus.
;

G.

bicolor, var.

DrummoDdii, Hook.
rather

Paleae of

Bot.

Mag.

t.

2368.

the pappus dilated at the base

ray flowers cuneate at the base.

Specific Ciiaiuctbr,

Plant

downy.

Leaves lanceolate,

Description, &c.

This

splendid flower

was discovered by Drummond

at

Rio Braxas,

in

Texas, in the

autumn

of 1833.

It is a very

handsome

plant, with dark brownish-red flowers, tipped with yellow,

and will

continue flowering for several months.

a slight hotbed to bring

The

seeds should be

sown

in

February or March, or the plants raised on

them forward,

as unless this is done they will not

come

into flower

till

the latter end of

August, or beginning of September.

2. GAILLARDIA PULCHELLA, Foug.

SvNOMYMEs.

Gaillardia
helodes,

bicolor.

Lour.
;

Calonnea pulcherrima,
amara, Raf.
;

Specific Character.

THE PRETTY GAILLARDIA. Plant rather hairy.

Paleaj of the pappus

Corollas of the disk

stiff,

Buchoz.
G.

Virgilia

L'Herit.

Gaillardia

villous, length of pappus.

narrowed at the

alternifolia,

Enor4ving
mondii.

Riensck.

base.
in Plate 32,

Ray flowers

very narrow at the base, spotted.

Onvfig. 7,

under the name of G. Drum-

Description,

&c

Through
of G.

the accidental misnaming of a specimen, this species has been figured in our
it dififers

Plate 32 under the

in beauty.

name

Drummondii, from which

considerably, and to

which

it is

much

inferior
bicolor

This species also

differs considerably

from the perennial plant figured under the name of G.

the Bot.

Mag.
is

t.

1602, and which, in Professor

De

Candolle's

new arrangement,

is

called

G. lanceolata.

G.pukhella

a native of Louisiana, introduced about 1812; and

it is

the kind generally sold in the seed-shops

as G. bicolor.

The

seeds should bo

sown

in

February or March, and the young plants sheltered in cold nights by

a flower-pot being turned over them, or with a hand-glass, and they will flower in August.

bb2

IgS

THE LADIES' FLOM'ER-GARDEN

GENUS
LASTHENIA,
Lin. Syst.

XII.

Cass.

THE LASTHENIA.
i

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
ciliated.

GiNEKic Charictkr.
one

Flowers of the ray female, few, Small, tubular,

Receptacle
conical,
papillose.

Fruit compressed, pubescent.

Pales of the pappus 5

10;

and obliquely truncate.

scales in
scries,

Involucral
;

toothed at the apex,

1

combined

into a 5, 8, or 15-toothed

cup

the teeth

1. LASTHENIA CALIFORNICA,
Symonyme, L. Engraving. Bot. Reg.
glaberrima,

Lindl.

THE CALIFORNIAN LASTHENIA.

Specific Character.

Dec.
I

Plant

quite glabrous

involucrum with 15

1823.

teeth.

Pappus of 5

palete.

Description, &c.
in 1835. It
is

This very
it

pretty plant

was discovered by Douglas

it

in California,

and sent home by him and seed-shops.

Since that time

has seeded so freely, that

has become

common
it

in the nurseries

generally planted with Nermphila imignis in flower-borders, and

It is

may

be treated like the other Califomian

annuals, as described in p. 156, under the head of Leptosiphon.

often confounded with Burrielia gracUit,

2.LASTHENIA GLABRATA,
Synonyme.

Lindl.

THE GLABROUS LASTHENIA.

Specific Character.
teeth.

Hologymne glabrata, Bartl.

t.

and Hook, in Bot.

t.

Mag

Plant

quite glabrous.

Involucrum of 15

Engravings. Bot. Reg.

16, in Plate 31.

1780

Bot. Mag.

3730; and our /^.

Pappus wanting.

Fruit mucronate.

Description, &c.

This

species only differs

from the preceding one in wanting the pappus, and in the

In L. cali/ornica, the involucre
is
is

manner

in

which the peduncles or

little

footstalks are united to the involucre.

impressed at the base with a

cavity for the reception of the flower-stalk, and

thus cup-shaped

while in

L.

glahrata, the involucre tapers gradually into the flower-stalk, like a goblet, or

an old-fashioned wine-glass,
plant often sold instead of
at the apex, while the

without any perceptible point of union.

Both
entire,

species differ

from the Burrielia

them

in their involucres being

is

always

and only cut into broad, spreading teeth

series of lanceolate scales.

involucre of the Burrielia

divided into a double

The

seeds of L. glahrata

may

be

purchased at any seed-shop, and they should be treated like those of L. cali/ornica.

GENUS
BURRIELIA,
Lin. Syst.

XIII.

Dec.

THE BURRIELIA.
gonal
;

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
those of the ray nearly compressed, furnished with a two or
;

Genhuc Chabactxiu
ligulate,

Head
;

of

many

flowers.

Flowers of the ray

obovate, female
sterile

those of the disk tubular, hermaphrodite,

three-awned pappus
pappus.

those of the disk havins; a three or four-leaved

and sometimes

by abortion.
Receptacle

Involucrum campanulate, with

apaleate.

oval acuminated

scales.

Acheniss subtetra-

1.BURRIELIA GRACILIS,
Syhokyiie.Lasthenia Califomica, Mort. EHoaAViNO. Bot. Mag. t. 37S8.

Dec.
i

THE SLENDER BURRIELIA.

Specific OaARACTEa.

Scales of involucrum eight

flowers of the

ray eight. is

Description, &o.

This

genus, as already observed,

is

distinguished from

Lasthenia by the

different

structure of the involucre, which

composed of several lanceolate

scales in double series, whereas, the involucre

of the Lasthenias

is entire,

and only cut into broad spreading teeth at the apex.

The plant

is

a native of

OF ORNAMENTAIi ANNUALS.
CaKfornia, and
its

189
it is

seeds were sent

home by Douglas with

those of the Lasthenias, with which

generally

confounded, the flowers closely resembling those of that genus.

Seeds of the Burrielia are seldom to be prociired

;

under their proper

name ; but when they

are,

they should be treated like those of the Lasthenias

and

all

the

three kinds of plants, like all the Califomian annuals, will

come

into flower at

any

time during the spring,

summer, or autumn, about six weeks

after sowing.

GENUS

XIV.

HELENIUM,
Lin. Syat.

Lin.

THE HELENIUM.
series
;

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
outer scales many, defiexed or spreading
;

Gemeric Chaiucter. Flowers of the ray

in

one

series, ligulate,

inner ones fewer Fruit obovate,

rarely tubular; those of the disk hermaphrodite, tubular,

4 or 5-toothed.

and shorter, similar

villous.

to the pnlese of the receptacle.

Receptacle convex, globose or oblong, naked.

luvolucral scales in two

PaleiB of pappus 5 or 6,

membranous.

HELENIUM QUADRIDENTATUM,
Synonymes.
Mesodetra

Lab.

THE POUR-TOOTHED HELENIUM.

Sfkcific Chik4cteb.
at the apex.

Rudbeckia
Raf.

alata,

Jacq,

Helenium

Millerii, Schult.

Plant nearly glabrous.

Stem

erect,

branched

alata,

Leaves decurrcnt, oblong-linear;

lower ones pinnatifid,

Enoravino.

Bot. Reg.

t.

S98,

upper ones quite entire.

Involucrum very

short.

Description, &c.
a Rudbeckia.

A very handsome plant with a bright orange-coloured

are curiously shaped,
to Helen.

ray,

and elevated disk

like that of

The stems

and winged, and the leaves stem-clasping.

The name

of

Helenium was originally applied to the Inula Helenium, the elecampane, which, in
properties,

allusion to its cosmetic

it

was dedicated

The

present plant

is

a native of Louisiana, from which country

was

brought in 1790 by the

flower in
it is

Abbe

Pourret.

It is a

hardy annual, which only requires sowing in March or April to

are tolerably strong, yet, as the root
is

August or September.
it

Though the stems

fibrous

and slender,

advisable to tie

up,

if

the situation in which

it

grows

is

at all

exposed to the wind.

SOGALGINA,
Lin. Syst.

Cass.

GENUS XV. THE GALINSOGEA.

:

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
outer
spherical
;

Gkneric CnuucTER.
lip large,

Flowers of the
;

ray female, bilabiate

scales in

two

series

oval, blunt.

Receptacle convex, fur-

toothed at apex
of the

inner lip divided into two linear segments.

tubular.

Kowers

disk

hermaphrodite,

Involucrum hemi-

Fruit nished with oval, acuminated paleae Which clasp the flowers. almost cylindrical. Paleae of pappus in one series, pinnate or plumose.

1.SOGALGINA TRILOBATA,
Stnohyme. Galinsogea
Engraving.
trilobata,
t.

Cass.

THE THREE-LOBED GALINSOGEA.

t

Cav.

Specific Character.
inner
lip bipartite.

Flowers

of the ray cuneated, having

the

Bot. Mag.

1895.

Paleffi of

the pappus shorter than the fruit.

Description, &c.

This

showy annual
it

is

a native of Mexico, from which country

it

was

sent to Madrid,

where Cavanilles supposing

gave
it

to resemble the

Galimogea quinque radiata of Euiz and Pavon, a Peruvian plant,

been found to
differ in

the

name

of Galinsogea trilobata.

It has since

the form of the florets of the ray,

the shape of the receptacle, the colour of the flowers, &c.,

of Sogalgina,

and

it is

now

placed in another genus under the

name

which

is

an anagram of Galinsogea.

The heads

of flowers of the true Galinsogeas are small with a

190

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

yellow dist and a white ray, while those of Sogdgina are rather large, and both disk and ray of a bright yellow.

The name
the

of Galimogea of Spain,

was given

to the original genus in

honour of Dr. Martin de Galinsoga,

at

first

Physician to
it

Queen

and Director of the Royal Botanic Garden

that

Madrid, and

we

have retained
It

as the
in

English name, as

it is

by which the plant

is

known

in the seed-shops

and

nurseries.

was introduced

1797 by the Marchioness of Bute, and having been

about 1812.
in

lost, it

was re-introduced from Madrid by Lady Holland,

It is of very easy cultivation.

The

seeds,

which

may

be bought in any seed-shop, should be sown

if

March

or April,

and the plants will need no other

culture, except thinning out

the seed was sown too

thickly.

GENUS XVI.

SPHENOGYNE,
Lin. Syst.

B. Br.

THE SPHENOGYNE.
I

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.
of

Generic Character.
ligulate, neuter.

Head

of

many

flowers.

Flowers of the ray

many

series

of imbricated scales.

Anthers terminated by a hearlhairs,

Flowers of the disk tubular hermaphrodite.

Recep-

shaped appendage.

Fruit nearly cylindrical, surrounded by

tacle paleaceous, palese clasping the flowers.

Involucrum campanulate

Pappus paleaceous.

1. SPHENOGYNE
STNomfMEs.
cernua,
Arctotis

ANTHEMOIDES, R.Br. THE CHAMOMILE-LIKE SPHENOGYNE.

;

A. anthemoides, Linn. A. pinnata A. paradoxa. Ait. anthemoides, Pair. Mag. Plate 31, under ENGRAriNGs. 544 and OMxfig.
ct

Specific CHiiucTBB

Plant glabrous.
Pedicels

Leaves irregularly bipinnate,

Palese of the

Thun.

Ursinia

with filiform segments.

pappus truncate.

elongated, naked.

Bot.

t.

5, iu

Ray

flowers few.

the

name

of Arctotis anthemoides.

Description, &c.
yellow inside.

This
full

flower

is

remarkable for being of a dark purple on the under

side,

and a bright

The buds hang down modestly, but when the

vigour and beauty.
itself,

flowers expand, they hold themselves erect as

till

though proud of their

ripe,

"When the plants decay the flower droops,

it

the seeds become

when

it

again raises

and the crown of the seed expanding at the same time, and a brown
star in the centre.

seems to have unfolded

another flower, which

is

has a corolla of five white petals

florets of the disk

This singular appearance

occasioned

by the

remaining attached to the seed, after they have withered and become
Tlie stem branches very

whitish, and the florets of the ray have fallen.

much

at the base,

and thus each plant

bears a great

many

flowers.
;

The

leaves greatly resemble those of the Chamomile, and the whole plant has the
of

same odour as that herb

whence the name

Anthemoides or Chamomile-like.

The name

of

Sphenogyne

is

compounded from Sphenos, a wedge, and gyenos,

in question is a native of the

female, and alludes to the wedge-shaped stigmas.

in 1774.

The

species
in the
till

Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced

The

seeds are

common

seed-shops, and they only require sowing in

March or April to produce abundance of flowers from June

six inches
;

September or October.

The

plant

is

of
it

low growth, seldom exceeding

produces from each root,
it is

and from

this circumstance
of

and the great number of flowers which

admirably adapted for forming a mass

yellow, in a flower-garden the beds of which

make

a geometrical figure.

There were some beds of

it

in tlie

Kensington nursery, in the summer of

1 839, which produced a splendid

efiect.

2. SPHENOGYNE SPECIOSA,
Synonyme.
Plate 31.

Hort.

THE BEAUTIFUL SPHENOGYNE.

Specific

Engravings.

S. versicolor,

Dec.
p.

Character.

Plant

glabrous.

Leaves
naked.

pinnatifid, willi

Flor,

Cab. vol. 2,

131

and our jig. 10, in

linear segments.

Pedicels elongated, nearly

Ray

flowci-s

numerous.

Description, &c.

This

beautiful flower is easily distinguished from the preceding species,

by the ray

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALa
florets

191

being

much more numerous, and each

round the disk.

blotched at the base with a rich purplish-brown so as to form a ring

florets of the

inside the flower

florets of
is

"When the

ray

fall,

the same peculiarity

is

observable in the

the disk as

was described
of

in the preceding species, excepting that

they are

much

less dry.

The

species in the

a native of the

Cape

Good Hope, and was introduced about 1835.

Its seeds are

if

now common

seed-shops, and they should be sown in February or March, covering them at night,
cold,

the weather should be

with a flower-pot or glass,

when they

will

come

into flower in

May.

Mr. Hopgood, of the Bayswater

;

nursery, has

some plants of

this species still beautifully in flower this day,

October 7th

though the specimen

figured in our plate

was gathered from one

of the

samo plants early

in

May.

GENUS

XVII,

OXYURA,
Lin, Syst.
Generic Character.
ligulate, female.

Dec.

THE OXYURA.
the base, convolute, clasping the fruit of the rays
leafy
;

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
each terminated by a
appendage.
Receptacle furnished with

Head

of

many

flowers.

Flowers of the ray

Flowers of the disk tubular, hermaphroditejmany of

Involucral scales in one series,
cii
'\

membranous

palees.

the central ones abortive,

at

Fruit somewhat compressed, obovate, glabrous.

OXYURA CHRySANTHEMOIDI
Knghavings.
Specific

THE CHRYSANTHEMUM-LIKE OXYURA.

1850
;

Bot. Eeg. Chabacteu. Stem

beautiful

t.

Botanist, No.

128

and out Jig.

7, in Plate 31.

glabrouG.

Leaves alternate,
is

ciliated, pinnatifid.

Biacteas few, ciliated.

Description, &c.
it

This

little

plant

one of those which

we owe

to the exertions of poor Douglas,

having been sent

home by him from

come

California in 1835.

It is quite hardy,

and should be sown in March or

;

April,
ripe in

when

it

will

into flower early in June.

It does not, however, last long

and the seeds are generally

July or August.

GENUS XVIII. MADIA, Mol. THE MADIA.

Lin. Syat.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
and
on
|

Generic Character.
Bomctimes tubular
;

Flowers

of the

ray ligulate, female,

the back, involving the achenise of the ray.

Receptacle
disk.

flat,

bearing

those of the disk tubular and

series of scales
;

hermaphrodite.
scales keeled
[

one or two

series of palese

between the ray and the

Fruit com-

Involucrum nearly globose, of one

pressed, glabrous,

4 or 5-angled.

1. MADIA SATIVA,
Synonvmes.
Engraving.

Mol.

THE CULTIVATED MADIA.

lower leaves opposite
clasping.
;

M. Bot. Mag.

viscosa,

Cav.

M. mcUosa, Jacq.
clammy
;

upper ones alternate,

oblong, entire, stem

t.

2574.
hairs
;

Heads on short

petioles, disposed in racemes.

Seeds oily.

Specific Chakacter.

Plant covered with glandular

Descbiption,

&c

The plant

is

of no beauty

but

we

notice

it

on account of

its

having been lately cultivated

oil.

on a large

scale both in

England and Germany,

for the

purpose of crushing the seeds for

;

In Germany,

it

has been cultivated near Stuttgard, and in England, in Norfolk, by Mr. Taylor
has been attended with success.

in both instances, the experiment

The plant

is

a native of Chili, whence

is

it

was introduced in 1794

oil,

by Archibald
is

Menzies, Esq.

In

its

native country this plant

celebrated for producing

and indeed the name of Madia

192
said to signify oil-producing.

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

When

cultivated for oil in Europe, the seedlings are transplanted as soon as they
soil,

unfold their second pair of leaves, into very rich

where they are planted ten inches or a

foot apart.

When
set

the seeds begin to ripen, which is

to dry.

known by

their turning black, the plants are reaped like corn,

and

up
if

They

should, however, be thrashed out as soon as possible, as the succulent atoms of the plants,

Buffered to lie long, will begin to ferment,

and would soon

oil
;

spoil the seeds.

One

acre of laud in

Germany sown with

264 pounds
of
is

Madia will produce about 442 pounds of

oil,

whUe one

acre

sown with poppies,

will produce only

and the same quantity of land sown with rape only 240 pounds.

The produce

in England, however,

probably

much

less,

on account of the comparative coldness of our summers.

GENUS XIX. MADARIA, Dec. THE MADARIA.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
series of scales

Qenrric CuiRACTER.
torulose, of one

Flowcrs
of scales.

of the ray ligulate, female; those

between the ray and the disk, fringed or hairy

in the

of the disk tubular, male, or

series

sterile.

Involucrum nearly globose,

centre.

Achenia of the ray compressed, 4 or 5-angled, glabrous; those

Scales complicate, involving the

of the disk abortive.

achenia of the ray.

Receptacle rather convex, bearing one or two

Description, &c.

The plants composing

this

genus were,

till

lately, considered to
florets of the disk
;

belong to Madia, but

they have been separated from that genus principally on account of the
firuit,

producing no achenia or

and, consequently, no seeds.

The name Madaria,

is

from madaros, bald

in allusion to the fruit being

devoid of pappus.

1.MADARIA ELEGANS,
Symonthss/Madia
Engravings.
elegans,

Dec.

THE ELEGANT MADARIA.

Specific Chiracter.

Don
1458

9 Madia splendens, Hort.

;

Plant covered with glandular clammy

feet high,

hairs,

Bot.

Reg.

t.

Bot. Mag.

t,

3548

and our

mixed with

glandless bristles.

fig. 3, in Plate 32.

Description, &c.
leaves.

A very strong and coarse-growing

are produced in

plant,

from two to three

with large woolly

The flowers

great abundance, and are very showy, the disk being surrounded by a

distinctly-marked ring of brownish red.

in 1830.

The plant

is

a native of California, whence

ricli
soil,
till

it

was

sent

home by Douglas

It will not bear either very hot

it

weather or very

and Dr. Lindley, in the Bot. Reg.,

the heat of

recommends
reason for

to be

sown about June,

is,

so as not to
its

come

into flower

summer

is

passed.

The

this,

the doctor adds,

" that

flowers are so impatient of exposure to light, that they are scarcely

expanded in bright sunshine, before they contract again, and the rays curl inwards, hiding the bright yellow

and brown on which

their beauty entirely depends."

it

We

sowed

it

at

Bayswater

in April,

and

as our

little

gai-den is full of large trees,

did not appear to suffer

from the heat, but blossomed splendidly.

Tlie only
all

objection

we had

to

it

was

its

large size and excessively vigorous growth, which occasioned the destruction of
it.

the finer and more delicate plants near

stalks of the

It does not require either staking or thinning, as the thick strong

more vigorous plants

will not only stand alone, but will

overpower and destroy the weaker ones near

is

them.

The specimen

figured in our plate

was not a good

one, as in general the ring of brownish-red

quite as conspicuous as in Sphenogyne speciosa, figured in Plate 31

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

193

GENUS XX.
CALLICHROA,
Grneric Charactrr.
female, ligulate, in
dite.

Fisch.

et

Meyer.

THE CALLICHROA.
Achenia somewhat fusiform
; :

Lin. Spst.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
tlie

Head
series
;

heterogamous.

Flowers of

ray

the edge.

those of the ray glabrous, and

two

those of the disk tuhular, hermapliroscales.

little

compressed

those of the disk elongated, and

scries.

somewhat trun-

InvoUicrum double, of many nearly equal

Receptacle
paleae along

cate.

Pappi set.aceous, denticulated, in one

depressed, fringed, or furnished with

two or three rows of

1. CALLICHROA

PLATYGLOSSA,

Fisch. et

Mey.

THE BROAD-RAYED CALLICHROA.

373; and out fig. 15,
solitary,
in

Engravings. Swt.
Specific Character

Brit.

Flow. Gard. 2nd

sessile.

ser., t.

Plate 31.

Leaves alternate,

Heads

pedunculate

ray-flowers cuneate.

Description, &c.

A very showy plant growing about a

name
to the genus
;

foot high,

with slender branching stems, bearing a

profusion of large golden-yellow flowers, with dark purple anthers to the flowers of the disk.
colour of these flowers gives the
beautiful colour.

The

brilliant

as Callichroa

is

derived from
as

two Greek words

signifying

The flowers do not look

with rather long hairs

quite so well
;

when gathered

when

in the bed, from the stems

and

leaves being covered

but this
it

is

only a trifling objection.

first

The

species is a native of the

Russian colony of Ross in

but
it

New California,
till

whence
1837.

was
is

sent to the St. Petersburg Botanic

Garden

in

1835

was not introduced into England

It

quite hardy, and

may be treated
is

like the other Californian

annuals (see p. 1.50), or

sown

in the

open border in March or April.

It
it

well adapted for forming a yellow

it

bed

in a

geometrical flower garden.

Though

so recently introduced,

seeds so freely that

may

already be

purchased in most of the seed-shops.

as

As

it

has a descending root, care should be taken in transplanting to keep

much

earth as possible about the fibres, as

when

injured they are not so readily renewed as those of spreading-

rooted plants.

GENUS XXI.
BAERIA,
Generic Character.
DKked.

Fisch.

et

Mey.

THE BAERIA.
Fruit fusiform, compressed, somewhat

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
female, ligulate, in one series.
tetragonal, obtuse, terminated

Head
fl;it,

heterogamous, radiate.

Scales of in-

volucrum about ten, equal,

and in two

seiies.

Receptacle conical,
tliose of the ray,

by a small

areola.

Flowers of the disk hermaphrodite, tubular;

BAERIA CHRYSOSTOMA,
Engravings.
SpEciric Character.

Fisch

et

Mey.

THE GOLDEN-ANTHERED BAERIA.

scr.,
t.

Plant

Swt.
is

Brit.

Flow. Gard. 2nd

395; and

om fig.

13, in Plate 31.

slender, erect, branched, rather hairy.

Leaves opposite,

sessile, linear,

quite entire.
is

Heads terminal,

solitary.

Description, &c.

This genus

nearly allied to that of Callichroa ; and

it

a native of the same place,

having been sent to Europe at the same time.

Tliough there are

many

botanical distinctions, the principal

popular difibrences between the genera consist in the shape of the rays, which are pointed in Baeria, and wedge-

shaped in Callichroa, and in the anthers of Baeria being

all

yellow.

The genus was named

in

honour of Professor

De Baer

of the University of Dorpat.

it is

Though

it

was introduced

at the

same time as the Callichroa, yet from

not seeding so freely,

is

not included in any of the catalogues of the seed-shops, and

we do

not

know where

it

to be procured.

cc

jg4

THE LADIES FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS XXII, CLADANTHUS, Cass. THE CLADANTHUS

Lin. Sysl.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
ligulate, in

GiNEHic Chaiucter.
paleaceous.

Hcad heterogamous.
mixed with species

Flowers of the ray

threads.

neuter
series

tliosc
seniles

of the disk tubular, hermaphrodite.

scarious at top.

Receptacle conical.

Paleae acute,

Involucrum

one

Achenia compressed, glabrous.

Description, &c.

The

now comprised

in this

genus were formerly considered to belong to the same

genus aa the Chamomile,

viz.

Anthemis, but they have been separated on account of the shape of the receptacle,

and the botanical construction, in some other particulars, being quite different.

1. CLADANTHUS ARABICUS,
Synonymes.

Cass.

THE ARABIAN CHAMOMILE.

Specific Character.

Anthemis
Our^^.

arabica,
;

Lin.

A.

prolifera,

Pers.

Cha-

Plant
at the

much

branched,
sessile
tiie

glabrous.

Leaves
in the

miemelum
proliferus,

proliferum,

Mcench

Asteriscus sp.

Shaw ;

Cladanthus

pinnatifid, with trifid linear lobes.

Heads,

and produced
stems.

Dec.
17, in Plate 31.

axils of the branche?,

and

extremity of

Engraving.

Description, &c.
growth.

A pretty
at first

little flower,

strongly resembling

Chamomile

in its leaves

and general habit

its flowers,

of
it

The stem

is

upright, but

it is

soon so weighed

down by

the profusion of

that
all

becomes prostrate.
branches
;

The flowers

are produced not only at the extremity of the stems, but in the axils of

the

and hence the name, Cladanthus signifying a flowering branch.

The plant
it

is

a native of Barbary,
in 1790, having

whence

it

was introduced by Dr. Shaw

in

1759

but

it

was soon

lost,

and

was re-introduced

been procured from Carlsruhe by Mr. Lee of the Hammersmith nursery.

only reason

It is

however quite hardy, and tho

its

why

it is difficult

to keep,
is

is

the great length of time

it

takes to perfect
It
is

seeds.

On

this account,
its light

when

it

is

grown

for seed,

it

generally

sown the previous autumn.

very ornamental, from

it

chamomile-looking leaves,

and profusion of bright yellow flowers.

A
in

great quantity of

to

form a mass, was

be had in
all

grown with very good

seed-shops ; and

effect in the

summer

of 1838, in the Kensington nursery.

Seeds

may

the

when

it is

grown merely

for its flowers, it is

sown

March

or April.

GENUS

XXIII.

CHRYSANTHEMUM,
Lin. Syst.

L.

THE CHRYSANTHEMUM.
ceptacle
flat

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
or convex, generally naked.
;

Gekeric Character.

Heads
;

heterogamous.

Flowers of the ray

Achenia of the ray

triqne-

in one series, female, ligulate

dite.

those of the disk tubular, hermaphroscales.

trous, or three winged

drical.

those of the disk compressed, or nearly cylin-

Involucrum imbricated, campanulate, with scarious

Re-

Pappus wanting, or crown formed.

1. CHRYSANTHEMUM TRICOLOR, And.

Synonymes. C. carinatum, Schous
Emgravings
Bot. Rep. 2,
t.

THE THREE-COLOURED CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Leaves pinnatifid,
fleshy.

Ismelia versicolor, Cass.

5, in plate 32. diffuse.

Lobes

linear, acute, toothed at top.

Scales

Specific Character.

Glabrous.

109; and owt fig.

of involucrum keeled.

Stem

erect, branched,

Variett.

C.
its

t.

aurenm, C. aureum, Hori.

om Jig.

i, in Plate 32.

Description, &c.

A well-known garden

flower

which, with

yellow variety, makes a splendid show

rivers.

in

autumn.

It

is

a native of Bombay, where

it is

found on the sandy banks of

It

was introduced

in 1796,

and

at first kept in the greenhouse, but it

was soon found quite hardy.

The yellow-flowered
;

variety was raised

in 1799.

Seeds of both species and variety are

common

in the seed-shops

the latter being generally called the

new Golden.

The word Chrysanthemum

signifies

golden flower.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
2. CHRYSANTHEMUM VISCOSUM,
Synonymes.

195

Desf.

THE CLAMMY CHRYSANTHEMUM.

rather fleshy
tifid
;
;

Ccntrospcrmum
;

Chrysanthemum, Spren.
covered with

Heter-

lower ones half stem-clasping, oblong, somewhat

toothed
, ;

pinna..

anthemis viscido-hirta, Schott

Specific Character.

Pinardia anisocephala, Cass.

upper ones cordately stem-clasping,

rigid point.

each tooth ter-

Plant

clammy down.

Leaves

minated by an acute

Heads

tei-minal

solitary.

Description, &c.

native of the south of Spain, and also of the sandy plains near Algiers.

It
;

is

a dwarf

plant with heads of yellow flowers, introduced in 1823.

The

seeds

may

be purchased at Cliarlwood's
soil.

and they

should be

sown

in

March

or April, in a

warm
;

dry border, and rather sandy

Its

common name

in the seed-

shops

is

Centrospermum Chryianthermim

Centrospertnum signifying a spur-shaped seed.

3. CHRYSANTHEMUM
Synonvme.
naria,

CORONARIUM,
;

Lin.

THE GARLAND-FLOWERED CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Leaves auiiculalely
dilated
at

Chrysanthemum

segetum, Forsk.

Matricaria coro-

stem-clasping,

bipinnatifid

lobes

lanceolate,

Desr.

the apex, deeply serrated.

Scales of involucrum scaiious

Specific Character.

Glabrous.

Stem

erect, diffused,

branched.

at the apex.

Description, &c.

There

are several varieties of this species

grown

in gardens

the double white, the yellow,

and the
flowers,

quilled, are,

however, the most common.

They

arc all ornamental, from the great profusion of their

like

which make the plants of the white variety almost

bushes covered with clusters of large double;

flowered cherry blossoms.

The The

species

is

a native of the south of Europe, and north of Africa

in all the seed-shops
;

and

it

was
open

introduced before 1629.

seeds are

common

and they

may

either be

sown

in the

border in April or
fact,

May, or

raised on a slight hot-bed,

;

and planted out in the

latter

month.

They
all

should, in

be treated like the French marigold

but will require staking and tying up.

This and

the

common

plants

which have been

for

many

years raised every season on slight hot-beds,

may

be grown equally well in the

open border, by watering them every morning with

cold nights, while they are yet young.

warm

water

and turning a flower-pot over them during

4. CHRYSANTHEMUM ROXBURGHII,
Synonymfs.
Cass.;

DR. ROXBURGH'S CHRYSANTHEMUM, OR THE Desf. EAST INDIAN FEVERFEW.

Involucrum campanulate, having the inner
a roundish scarious appendage. Varieties.
scales each

Pyrethrum

indicum,

Roxb

Glebionis Roxburghii,
Matricaria oleracea^

drawn out into

Clirysanthemum
;

genecioides,

Dunall

Ham.

Pinordia Roxburghii, Less,

t.

C.

R. 2 breviradiatnm, Dec.

C.

breviradiatum,

Bot. Mag. 1521. Specific Character. Glabrous.

Engraving.

Ledebour

Flowers with a short ray.

;

Introduced in 1818.

Stem

erect, cylindrical, branched.

C. R. 3 radiatum, Dec.

flowers with a long ray.

Leaves auriculately stem-clasping, pinnatifld.

Lobes entire or toothed.

Description, &c.

The

species is a very singular flower with

It is a native of the

no

disk, well

known

in our gardens

under the
to

name

of

Pyrethrum indicum.
Seeds

East Indies

whence the seeds were

sent

by Dr. Roxburgh
of

Mr. Lambert in 1810.

indicum.

may

be purchased in

any of the seed-shops, under the name

it

Pyrethrum

The

culture of the plant

is

the same as that of C. coronarium, except that

does not require either

staking or tying up.

6. CHRYSANTHEMUM

SEGETUM,
6,

Lin.

THE CORN MARIGOLD OR YELLOW OX-EYE.

stem-clasping; some coarsely serrated, others laciniated.

Sysonyme. Pyrethrum segetum, Mmnch. Engravings. Eng. Bot. t. 540, 2Dd. edit. vol.
Specific

Branches

t 1172.
Leaves

naked near the apex, one-headed.

the apex, and scarious.

Scales of the involucrum obtuse at

Character. Glabrous.

Stem

erect, branched.

Description, &c.
valued
it
;

If this beautiful flower

were

rare,

and
it

difficult

to be cultivated,

it

would be highly

but being a

common

English weed, few persons notice

corn-fields,

except the farmers, and they wage war against

;

It is particularly

abundant in

where the

soil is

sandy

and

in such situations, it is very difficult

196
to eradicate
it.

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

The
flowers are large,

and of a golden yellow

and the peduncles are naked, and thickened

at

the apex, like those of the African marigold.

"When cultivated

in a garden, the seed only requires to

be sown in

a dry sandy

soil, in

March or

April.

GENUS XXIV.

DIMORPHOTHECA,
Lin. Syst.

Vaill

THE CAPE MARIGOLD.

I

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
Aclienia naked
;

Generic Character.
ligulate
tive.
;

Heads
scries.

radiate.

Flowers of the ray female,

those of the ray obconical, somewhat triquetrous, xai

ilat

those of the disk tubular, iiermauhrodite, centre ones aborin

tuberculated
i

those of the disk

and winged.

Involucrum

one

Receptacle

flat,

naked or paleaceous,

Description, &o.
the

The
;

species

now

compc-iing this genus, w^ere at

first

supposed to belong to Calendula,

common Marigold

but according to the

new arrangement
:

of the Compositae, they not only form a different

genus, but are actually placed in another tribe

radiate-flowered tribe, and the

the Cape Marigolds being included in the Senecionideai, or

common Marigolds

being placed in the Cynarece or artichoke-flowered tribe.

]. DIMORPHOTHECA PLUVIALIS, Moench.

Synonymes.

THE GREAT CAPE MARIGOLD.

Calendula
Swt.
Brit.

pluvialis,

Linn.

C. hybrida,
gracilipes,

Swt.

Specific Character.
ceolate, toothed.

Stem branched,

leafy.

Leaves narrow, ln-

C. scabra, and C. decurrens,

Thunb,

Meteorina
t.

Cass.
Jig.

Peduncles cylindrical.

Fruit glabrous; outer ones

Engravings.

Flow. Card.

39

and our

4 in

tuberculated.

Plate 31, under the

name

of Calendula pluvialis.

Description, &c.

This very
name
is

curious species has the florets of

its

ray of a pure white, shaded with a

violet

colour at the base, inside the flower- head, but of a dark purple on the outside.

The flower

closes in rainy weather,

and hence the

specific

pluvialis,

which

signifies

showery

it

also closes at sunset, and, in fact, only opens

is

to the sun-beams.

It

one of those flowers, the footstalk of which stands erect while the flower
florets,

likewise

expanded, but droops during the fading of the

though

it

again erects

itself

when

the seeds are ripe.

Tke

name

of Dimorphotheca
is

is

Greek, and

signifies

two forms

in one sheath.
it

This species

a native of the

Cape

of

Good Hope, whence

Garden.

was introduced

before 1726, as in that year

it

was grown by Miller

in the Chelsea Botanic

There

is

a variety with lyrate leaves, and another with

the backs of the ray florets of a dark brownish orange, instead of purple.
little attention, as,

The
raised

culture of this plant requires a

though

it is

quite hardy, and does not succeed well

this reason it should

if

on a hot-bed,

it is

very

liable to

be injured by spring
April or beginning of
bear transplanting.

frosts.

For

be sown in the open border, about the

if

latter
it

end of
will not
it is of

May

only four or five seeds in a patch, or

to cover a bed, very sparingly, as

it free

It requires no other culture but watering

and keeping
bed

from weeds

and as

low growth, and covered with

it

flowers, it is very suitable for filling a

in a geometrical flower-garden,

where

will

form a white bed in sunshine, and a dark purple one in gloomy weather.

2. DIMORPHOTHECA HYBRIDA,
Sykonymes.

Dec.
;
I

THE HYBRID CAPE MARIGOLD.

oblong, linear
;

D.

incrassata, Jlf<cA.

Meteorina crassipes, Cos*.

radical ones siuuated, caul me ones toothed.

Pedun-

Calendula hybrida, Linn.

Specific Character.

'

cles thickened at top.

Fruit glabrous, toothed on the angles.

Stem

branched, scabrous, leafy.

Leaves

Description, &c.
shaped seeds.

Closely resembling the preceding species

but with rather smaller flowers, and differently

is,

The

.species figured

under the name of Calendula hyhrida in Sweet,

according to

De

Candolle,

D. pluviali*.

The

culture

is

the same as that of the great Cape Marigold

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

197

GENUS XXV. COTULA, Lin. THE COTULA.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
Flowers of
bearing distinct papillae after the falling of the fruit, which are probably nothing but the remains of the pedicels. Achenia compressed,
ginate, without pappus, glabrous
;

Generic Character.
tube a

Head

discoid, lictcrogamous.

the ray in one scries, apetalous, female, those of the disk hermaphrodite,

mar.

having

tlie

little

compressed, and usually bicalcarate at the

Receptacle
flat,

those of the ray stipulate, and those

base,

and the limb with four crenatures.

bractless.

of the disk sessile and narrower.

1.COTULA AUREA,
SyNONVME._AnacycIus
Specific Character.
tem-ciasping,
aureus,

Lin.

THE GOLDEN COTULA.

parted, or undivided lobes;

Zam.

heads terminal, the peduncles scarcely

Glabrous.

Stem

ascending.

Leaves

h.alf

rising

above the ultimate

leaf.

with a linear rachis, and very slender,

acuminated.

Description,

&c. A

curious

little

flower, the heads of

nurseries.

which look

like small golden balls.

native of

Spain, introduced in 1818,

in

and now common in the

The

seeds only require scattering on the ground

March

or April,

and the plants need no other culture.

GENUS XXVI.
LONAS,
Adan.
Lin
Generic Character.
Syst.

THE ANNUAL ATHANASIA.

SYNGENESIA jEQUALIS.
Receptacle
|

Head

discoid,

homogamous.

bricated.

Achenia angular, furnished with a gland on one

side at the

eonical, elongated, paleaceous.

Involucrum campanulatc, scales im-

apex.

Pappus obliquely crown-formed, membranous,

entire.

1. LONAS INODORA,
Synonymes.

Gcertn.

THE SCENTLESS LONAS, OR ANNUAL ATHANASIA.

;

Atlianasia annua,

Lin.

Achillea inodora, Lin.

Engravings.
the

Bot. Mag.

t.

2276

aud owe fig. 8 in Plate 31, under

Leaves

Lonas minima, Cuss.;

caiM,

Elichrysum iuodorum,

Magn.;

Bellis afri-

name

of Atbanasia annua.

Moris.

Santolina africaua,

Tourn.

Agcratum africanum,

Specific Character.

Plant

ghabrous.
in

pinnatifid.

Lobes

Ray.

acuminated.

Heads of flowers disoosed

evmous umbels.

Description, &c.
leaves,

A rambling

plant,
its

remarkably untidy in
flowers.

its

appearance, from

its

widely-spreading jagged
to

and the long naked footstalks of

tlie

The flowers themselves have nothing

recommend them,

except

great length

of time that they remain unfaded

when

cut.
it

This quality, and the great length of

the footstalk,
filled

made

this flower a favourite

about a century ago, when

was

tlie

fashion to set large beaupots

with flowers in the chimney-places during summer.

The name

of Athanasia,

which

signifies never-dying,

alludes to the length of time that the flowers will

remain unfaded ; and

this is so great, that

Ray, who

first

cultivated the plant in England, states that

some flowers which expanded with him

in the beginning of July,

species
is

were in

full

vigour at the time he was then writing, the twentieth of October.

The

a native of

Barbary, and was introduced before 1686.

in April or

The

seeds are

common
of

in the seed-shops;
is

and they should be sown

May,

in a

warm, dry, sandy,

border.
all his

The name

Lonas
it

one of those invented by AdansoD,

author of the Families des Plantes ; and, like

botanic names,

has no meaning.

198

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS XXVII.

AMMOBIUM,
Lin. Syst.

R. Br.

THE AMMOBIUM.
appendage.
base.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALISbroad,
In-

Generic

Ciiarictkr. Head

homogamous.

Receptacle

Corollas tubular, fivelobed.

Anthers bisctaceous
fruit

at the

conical, furnished with

oblong, acuminated, denticulated palese.

Scales imbricated, coriaceous, witli

Stigmas pilose at the apex.

Achenia or
;

somewhat com-

volucrum hemispherical.

mem-

pressed, tetragonal, 4-tootbcd at the apex

the two larger teeth drawn

branous margins, each terminated by a scarious, convex, spreading

out into two bnstlca.

1. AMMOBIUM ALATUM, R.
Engratings.
Sfecific Character.

Br.

THE WINGED-STALKED AMMOBIUM.

I

Bat. Mag. 2459; and our branched, Plant

t.

y!^. 9, in Plate 33.

leaves oblong, on long petioles.

Cauline leaves running along the

erect,

canescent.

Radical

stem.

Involucrum white.

Description, &c.

A kind of everlasting
It

flower, discovered near the shores of the

it

Hunter River

in

New

South Wales
it

in 1804,

by Dr. Brown, who gave

the

name

of

Ammobium,
first

or sand-flower, because he discovered

growing

in

pure sand.

was not introduced

Seeds

till

1822, and was at

supposed to be a perennial, but

it is

now found

to be

an annual.

may

be had at Charlwood's and most

April.

other seed-shops, and they only

require sowing in the open border in

March and

The

plants remain a long time in flower.

GENUS

XXVIII.

RHODANTHE,
Lin. Sysl.

Lindl.

THE RHODANTHE.
coloured.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
|

Generic Character.
imbricated.
bractafiform
;

Head homogamous.
;

Involucrum turbinated,
outer ones silvery,

Receptacle

naked.
series,

Corolla 5-cleft.

Achenia

bidentate,

Scales

membranous, ovate, acute ;

woolly.
I

Pappus

in

one

plumose,

middle ones adpresscd

uppermost ones spreading, rose-

1. RHODANTHE MANGLESII,
Engravings. Bot. Reg.
Specific Character.
t.

Lindl.

CAPTAIN MANGLES' RHODANTHE.

t.

1703

Bot. Mag.

t.

3483

Swt. Brit. Flow. Card. 2nd Scr.

295

and

am fgs.

and 3, in Plate 34.

solitary.

Plant

erect, branched, glabrous.

Leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, stem-clasping.

Heads terminal,

Description, &c.

One

of the

most beautiful plants ever introduced.

The

beautiful silvery hue of the

lower scales of the involucrum, the fine rose-colour of those immediately surrounding the disk, which
said to form the ray of the flower,

may

be

and the golden yellow of the

florets

of the disk, form a striking combination

is

of beauties unequalled perhaps in

any other
it

flower.

The Rhodanthe

a native of the

Swan River

colony in

New

South Wales

whence seeds of

were brought in 1834 by our excellent friend Captain Mangles, who has

done so much for floriculture in various ways.

Had

the Captain, however, never introduced anything but the

all lovers of flowers.

Rhodanthe, he would well have merited the gratitude of

The

derivation of the

name

of

Rhodanthe

is

stated

by

Sir

W.

J. Hooker to be from two Greek words, signifying " rose-flower."

We

think,

however, that the name has probably a

much more

poetical origin,

and that the flower must have been

were never weary
of

christened after Rhodanthe, a queen of Corinth,

who was

so beautiful, that her subjects

looking at her.

This lady, disliking so

cries

much

admiration, hjd herself in a temple dedicated to Diana and Apollo j

subjects,

and when forced by the

and repeated acclamations of her

who

actually besieged the temple, to

present herself to their gaze, she was so modest that she blushed herself to death.

The whole story

is

told

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
in a Latin

199

poem, entitled " The Gardens," written by a French author, named Rapin, a century or two ago.
rose, of

Rapin adds, that Rhodanthe, after her death, was changed by the pitying Apollo into a
the troublesome
caterpillars, bees,

which some

of

crowd became the thorns and

butterflies,

while a few of the most persevering were changed into grubs,

which

still

haunt the rose in admiration of her beauty.

is

The ordinary culture of the Rhodanthe

February, and planting
it

simply sowing

it

with other half hardy annuals on a hotbed in

out in

May

but

we have

a most magnificent plant, presented to us by Captain

Mangles himself, which was raised in Henderson's Nursery, Pine Apple Place, Edgeware Road, by his foreman
Mr. Goode, and treated in the following manner.
parts peat or rather heath-mould,
seed-leaf,

The

seed

was sown April the week

of

5th, in pots filled with tliree

and one of loam.

In the

first

May, when

the plants were stiU in the

they were pricked out into small thumb pots, or

;

sixties.

In a week's time they were shifted into

till

rather larger pots

and

this shifting

was repeated

six times,

always into rather larger pots,

first

the middle of the fourteenth

half feet high,

August,

when

the plants were in pots No. 16, and

when they were

allowed to flower.
it

On

of September,

when one

of these plants

was

sent to us

by Captain Mangles,
it

was one and a

above four feet in circumference, and had a thousand expanded flowers upon

besides innumerable buds, which

It
is

have continued expanding ever since; and

it

is

still

(November

1) a blaze of beauty.
ofif

watered every
art," says

morning with a

little

warm water ; and

the dead flowers are cut

is

as they fade.

" The great

Mr.

Goode, in the MS. directions sent us by Captain Mangles, "

to cause
it

to prevent the plant from

growing upwards, and

required
is

it

to increase

and expand

in

breadth instead of length."

filled

To do

this, all
it

that

is

" to watch
constantly

well,

and the moment the roots have nearly

the pot, to transplant

in their character
;

into a larger one.

By

attending to this, the plants will

grow thick and shrubby

floration, the

and while the shoots

will be strong

and capable of bearing a most profuse

Seeds of the Rhodanthe Manglesii are

beauty of the plants in shape will be very greatly improved."

common

in all the seed-shops.

GENUS XXIX. MORNA, Lindl. THE MORNA.

Lin. Syst.
Generic Character.
Involucral scales in

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.
naked.

Head homogatnous.

Receptacle

flat,

Pappus scabrous,
base.

in

one

series, setaceous, equal,

and pubescent at th

many

series, dry, coloured, imbricated, petiolale.

Ainhers bicalcarate at the base.

Achenia glabrous, compressed, beaked.

1. MORNA NITIDA,
Engratinos. Bot. Reg.
SpEciric Character.
t.

Lindl.

THE SHINING MORNA.

rather broadest at the base
;

1941

and

Stem pubescent, corymbose.

om fig.

4, in Plate 34.

mucronate, pubescent.

Involucral scales

Leaves linear.

yellow, acute, serrulated.

it,

Description, &c.
rich

beautiful everlasting flower, with, as Dr. Lindley describes

" starry heads of a most

It

and transparent yellow, having quite a metallic brilliancy when illuminated by the sun."

was named by

Dr. Lindley after " Morna, one of the heroines of the Northern romances,
a golden hall, guarded

who was

a beautiful lady, confined in

sole office

by a thousand golden

lances,

and attended night and day by knights, whose

from her splendid thraldom."
it

was
is

to do her bidding in all things, except allowing her to escape

Morna
James

nilida

a native of the sandy country near the

Swan

River, whence seeds of

were sent

home by

Sir

Stirling

in 1835.

Seeds

may

be had at Charlwood's, and other seed-shops.

They should be sown

in pots of peat

and

200
leaf-mould with a
little

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
;

sand, in February, and transplanted into other pots, as they require shifting
till

in the

same

manner

as

was

directed for the Rhodanthe,

the end of

May

or beginning of June,
;

when they may be

but
if

planted

in the open border.

Thus treated they

all

will not flower before

August or September

sown

in September,

and kept in the greenhouse

winter, they will flower in the following

it

May

or June.

In this case they

;

may

be turned into the open border in April, but

should be without breaking the ball of earth in the pot

till

and the

plants should be kept covered with a hand-glass, particularly at night,

the beginning of June.

2.MORNA NIVEA,
Engravings.
Specific Character.

Lindl.
1838,
t.

THE SNOWY MORNA.

9
;

Stem

Bot. Keg.

for

mkI oar fig. 5,

in Plate

34.
Involucral scales white, quite entire.

pilose,

corymbose, ratlicr woolly at the base.

Leaves

linear, obtuse or acute.

Description, &c.
sitting in

If the yellow

Morna resembled the enchanted nymph

of the Scandinavian Eom.ince

;

her golden hall,

and surrounded by the golden lances of her knights

fair as

this

white Morna

may

be

compared to Ossian's heroine of the same name, who was

" the snow upon the heath," with yellow

hair,

"

like the mist of

Cromla, when

it

curls

upon the

rocks,

and shines in the beam of the west."

disk.

The

involucral

scales of this species are white, shining like silver,

and surrounding a golden yellow and culture

it

It is a native of the

Swan River

colony, introduced in

1837
;

and

in its durability

exactly resembles

M.

nitida.

Both

species arc very difficult to

attention, as too into the

grow
little

and Dr. Lindley observes that " in a greenhouse they require particular

much

or too

watering will in a few hours destroy the healthiest plants."

a foot deep, and a foot in diameter, should be dug, and
leaves),

When
filled

turned

open border, a

pit, at least

with equal

parts of peat, vegetable

mould (decayed

and river sand

it

and

into the

centre of this the ball of earth

contained in the pot should be planted, without breaking

degree.

or disturbing the roots of the plant in the slightest

The
;

plant should then be very slightly watered with

warm

water, and covered with a hand-glass for a

is

few days
slightest

putting the glass on again every night, even after the plant
frost.

well established, as long as there

it

is

the

danger of

As

difierent kinds of earth are necessary for the culture of this plant,

may

perhaps

be here useful to mention

for the benefit of those

who have no

gardener, that peat, vegetable mould, and sand

may

be purchased in small quantities (sixpennyworth or a shillingsworth, for example) of most of the London

nurserymen.

GENUS XXX.
PODOLEPIS,
Lin.
Si/st.

LabilL

THE PODOLEPIS.
Anthers setiferoua
at the base.
;

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
Achenia oblong, with
a,

Gkneric Character.
tubular.

Head

heterogamous.
;

Flowers of the ray

lateral areola.

female, ligulate, or nearly tubular

those of the disk hermaphrodite and

Pappus
base.

in

one

series

the setae scarious, and rather combined at the

Receptacle paleaceous.

Involucrum campanulatc, of 'many

diaphanous
;

series of scales.

Outer

scales sessile,

inner ones

stipitate.

1. PODOLEPIS GRACILIS, Graham.

Synonyme.
and our/^.

THE SLENDER-STALKED PODOLEPIS.

Specific Character.

Stylolepis gracilis,

hehm.
t.

Plant

glabrous, branched.

Cauline leares

EiiGRAviNGS
2,

Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard.

in Plate 34,

285

Bot. Mag.

t.

2904

auricled, the auricles adnate to the stem.

Scales of involucrum obtuse,

where

it

is

erroneously referred

to, as

one

glandular along the stipe.

of the specimens of Rhodanthe Manglesii.

Description, &c.
the stem.

very elegant

little

plant, which,
lilac,

though a true annual,

is

is

quite

woody
It
is

at

tlie

base of
tlie

The

flowers are generally of a pinkish

but there

a variety nearly white.

a native of

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
sandy plains, near King George's Sound, and was introduced in 1827.

201

The

seeds, in

which
or

may

be purchased
in April or
it

in

any seed-shop,
in the

may
;

either be

sown on a hotbed

in

February and planted out

May,

sown

May

open border
size.

or the plant

may be grown

in pots as directed for

Rhodanthe Manglesii, when

will attain

an enormous

GENUS XXXI.

HELICHRYSUM,
Genfric Chiracter.

Vaia.

THE EVERLASTING FLOWER.

cated, with searious scales.

Lin. Spsl.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
Receptacle
sessile.
flat,

Head

homogamous, having

all

the flowers

naked or honeycombed,
in

tubular and hermaphrodite, or heterogamous with the

ieries, slender,

i-ay -flowers in

one

or fringed.

Achenia beakless,

Pappus

one

series, bristlea

and a very few of them female.

Involucrum imbii-

scabrous, free, or combined at the base.

Description,

&c.

The
;

everlasting flowers

were formerly nearly

all

classed

with those of the genus

Gnaphalium or cudweed

from which they

differ essentially in

wanting the woolly herbage from which the genus

Gnaphalium takes
as
it is

its

name.

Most

of these are

now

called Helichrysum, sometimes erroneously spelt Elichrysum,

derived from Helios, the sun, and chryson, gold.

The common

Everlasting-flower, which
is

is

so

much

sold

in Paris to

under the name of Immortelle, and which Linnaeus called Gnaphalium orientale,

now found

to belong

Helichrysum.

1. HELICHRySUM
SvNoNVMEs
tuni.

BRACTEATUM,
;

Willd.

THE BRACTEATED, OR LARGE GOLDEN EVERLASTING.

with from
radiant.
1

Xeranthemum lucidum, Hank.

Elichrysum bractea-

to

3 foliaceous bracteas.

Involucral

scales

glabrous,

Vent.

Helicliiysum chrysanthemum, Pers.

EsGRjviNGS.
Specikic

Character.

Bot. Rep. 375 Plant

t.

and onr Jig,

8, in Plate 34.

Varieties.
following
is

Professor

De CandoUe
;

mentions three, but only the

erect,

branched,

rather

scabrous,

known

in British gardens

H.

b. 2 albidum,

Dec.

The

leaves lanceolate, repand, acuminated.

Heads

terminal, furnished

involucral scales which form the ray are white, with a golden yellow disk.

Description, &c.

very handsome Everlasting-flower, with bright yellow golden-looking

It is a native of the eastern

scales,

which

have quite a metallic lustre in the sun.

it

and central parts of

New

Holland, whence

was sent home in

17i)9.

Seeds are

common

in

the seed-shops under the names of Xeranthemum lucidum and

Elichrysum bracteatum, and they are generally sown on a hotbed in February or March, to plant out in May.

They

will,

however, do very well

if

sown

in the

open border in April or

May

and

in sheltered situations

if

allowed to sow themselves, the young plants will live through the winter uninjured.
will

The

flowers

when gathered

keep

for several years

without undergoing any change.

2. HELICHRYSUM BICOLOR,
Emoeavings
Specific

Lindl.

THE TWO-COLOURED HELICHRYSUM.

I

Bot. Reg.

t.

1814

and our Jig.

6, in Plate 34.

lanceolate
late.

lower ones obtuse at the base,

ciliated

upper ones subu-

Character. Stem

furrowed, branched.

Leaves lineardifiers

Involucral scales acute.

Description,
its
is

&c.This

species,

which

very

little

in general appearance

from H. bracteatum, derives

It

name

of

H.

bicolor

from a slight copper-coloured tinge on the tips of the outer

quite hardy
;

series of involucral scales.

a native of

Van Diemen's Land, and

but

we do

not

know where

seeds are

now

to be procured.

It

was however introduced by Mr.

Low

of the Clapton nursery in 1835, and probably seeds

may

still

be

purchased there.

202

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

3.HELICHRYSUM MACRANTHUM, Bmth.

Engrivings.
our ^iJ.
Bot, Reg. for

THE LARGE-FLOWERED HELICHRYSUM.

1

1838,

t.

58

Botanist

No. 92

and

late,

or lower ones apatulate, obtuse, and quite entire, stem-clasping at

7, in Plate 34.

the base, and rather scabrous.

Involucral scales radiant, ovate, obtuse,

Specific Character.

Description,
is

Stem &c. A

erect, scabrous.

Leaves oblong-lanceo-

mucronato.

very beautiful flower, the involucral scales of which are white, tipped with pink.
colony,

It

a native of the
it

Swan River

and was introduced

in 1837-

It is quite

hardy and robust-growing

and
it

we saw

flowering luxuriantly in the open ground in the nursery of Mr. Rogers in Eaton Square.

Seeds of

are to be procured at

Keman's, James

Street,

Covent Garden, and other seed-shops.

The

seeds

may

either be
;

sown in the open ground in March or April, or brought forward on a hotbed, and planted out in
principal advantage in the latter case being that the plants will flower sooner.
peat, sand,

May

the

The

soil

should be composed of

and

leaf

mould, and

it

should be thoroughly well drained.

GENUS XXXII.
CACALIA,
Lin. Syst.
Gf.neric Character.

Linn.

THE CACALIA.
of
tlie

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
tubular,
style terminated

Heads horaogamous.
RecepUcle
and

Flowers
flat.

all

by a short hispid cone.

Achenia oblong, pen-

fire.lobed, lobes linear, elongated.

cylindrical, in

Involucrum ovate,
Branches

tagonal, angles hispid.

Pappus

in

many

series.

one

series. Scales linear,

at length rcflexed.

].CACALL-V COCCINEA,
sagittata,

Curt.

THE SCARLET CACALIA.

cauline leaves spatulate, narrowed at the base, the rest sagittate, stemclasping,

Hort. C. 564 and omfig. Engravings. Bot. Mag. a Specific Character. Stem
Synonvmes.
Emilia
sagittata,

Dec,

E. flammea, Cass.

Cacalia

Vabl.

sonchifolia,
t.

and minutely toothed.

Heads disposed in terminal

corymbft,

2, in Plate 51.

outer florets of the head curved.

erect,

little

branched.

Lower
Its stalks,

Description, &c.

very curious plant with bright scarlet flowers.

which are very

slender,

grow two
It

or three feet high,

in

and require support.

It is a native of the

East Indies, and the Philippine Islands.

was introduced

1800

and the

seeds,

which

may

be had in any seed-shop,

may

either be

sown

in

a,

hot-bed,

or in the open air in April.

SENECIO,
Lin. Syst.

GENUS XXXIII. Less. THE GROUNDSEL.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
Flowers of
I

Generic Character.
tlie

Head

discoid or heterogamous.

Receptacle naked, or honeycombed. Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers

pencilled.

ray ligulate, female. Involucrum in one scries, naked or calyculate.

Achenia beakless.

Pappus

pilose, in

many scries,
;

caducous.

Description, &c.

This genus perhaps contains more plants than any other

insignificant weeds.

of the Compositae
;

but most of

them

are

common and

Some

are,

however, showy flowers

as, for

example, the purple

Jacobsea.

1. SENECIO ELEGANS, Thun.

Synonymes.
Specific

THE

JACOB.a:A,
little

OR PURPLE RAGWORT.
rest.

Engravings.

Bot. Mag. Character.

S. pseudo-elegans,
t.

Less.
;

Jacobsea elegans,

Mcench.

rounder than the

Heads disposed

in sub-racemous corymbs.

238

and our Jig.

branched.

9, Plate 32.

Involucrum calyculatcd with foliaceous

Varieties.

scales.

Erect,

much
;

Leaves pinnatitid,

The

double purple

is

the most

common

but there

lobes ovate, obtuse, bluntly

toothed

terminal lobe roundish, or a

are also several of a paler shade, and

some almost white.

Description, &c.
not so handsome in

The

double purple Jacobsea,

is

a beautiful and very favourite flower

and though

it is

its single state, it is still

very pretty, and deserving of cultivation.

There are several

varieties

?S.5

<'^^r*ti^' dM'ifiuCw

y ,tU*i*mi

ce-iiitcc^ra

l^'''/'''-f-n''U,-r

/'<'f<t*ui 'tUit,^^ ff^a.

?-ii 'j^nnca.- ei(^av^

o'/.
z^'.-ir^.*

^</.i'

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

203

and one, of a beautiful blush colour, and very double, which we saw in the Lewisham nursery, in the summer of
1838, struck us particularly.

The

species

is

a native of the

Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced

in 1700,

by

Charles Dubois, Esq., one of the patrons of gardening in the time of Peter Collinson.
is

The

culture of the Jacobaaa

in

exactly the same as that of other tender annuals

it is

viz., it

must be

raised on a hot-bed,

and planted out

May

but

best for the possessor of a small garden, to purchase half a dozen or a dozen plants in that
singly, or three together, in holes prepared for the purpose,

month from a
filled

nurseryman, and to plant them

and

with a
;

mixture of peat earth, or heath mould, and loam.

When
warm

first

planted they should be shaded for a day or two

for

and covered every night with a flower-pot turned over them

they should be watered every day slightly with
plants.

a week or fortnight.

If the

weather be dry,

water ; and thus treated, they will make magnificent

2. SENECIO TUSSILAGINIS,
Synonymbs.
laginis,

Less.

THE COLTSFOOT-LEAVED RAGWORT.

Specific Character.
the rest naked.

Cineraria

tussilaginis,

V Herit.

Pcricallis

tnssi-

Petioles auriculatedly cordate at the base,

D. Don. Engravings. Bot. Reg.

Leaves reniformly cordate, angled, toothed, clothed

t.

1550

Swt. Brit. Flow. Card.

t.

228;

with hoary tomentum heneath.

Heads disposed

in panlcled corymbs.

and o\n fig. 10, in Plate 32.

Scales of involucrum glabrous, striated.

Description, &c.

A handsome plant with

star-like flowers, strongly resembling those of the

genus Cineraria.

native of Tenerifi"e, introduced in 1831.

The

culture

is

the same as that of Senecio elegans.

GENUS XXXIV.
ZINNIA,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE ZINNIA
the
disk.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
Achcnia
corticate,

Generic Character.

Head

radiate.

Flowers of the ray female,

membranous, and a
;

little

winged;

ligulate, those of the disk tubular,

hermaphrodite.

Involucrum imbriReceptacle conical

those of the ray somewhat

tetragor.al

outer ones of the disk also

cated, scales ovate, roundish,

margined with black.

somewhat

tetragonal, but inner ones compressed, and fuinished with

or cylindrical.

Palese oblong, complicated, involving the flowers of

one or two awns at the apex, bidentated, or mutic.

Description, &o.

This genus was named by

Gottingen
;

Linnseus, in honour of Professor Zinn, the pupil and successor

consists of a

of Haller at the University of

and

it

number

of very
till

showy Mexican
Zinnia
is

annuals, which

require to be raised

on a hot-bed, and not planted out in the open air

May.

indeed one of those

annuals which will not succeed

necessary to

when sown

in the

open

air

as a certain degree of heat

;

and moisture appears

make

the seeds vegetate.

There are numerous species

all

with splendid flowers, and highly

worthy of

cultivation.

1. ZINNIA
Synonyms.

REVOLUTA,
1, in

Can.

THE REVOLUTE-FLOWERED
date-lanceolate.
pressed.

ZINNIA.
Involucral scales adPaleae of receptacle

tenuiflora,

Jacq.

Peduncles long, cylindrical.

EsGHATiNGs.

Bot.

Mag.

t.

555

Specific Character.

Stem
ray

and out fig.

Plate 35.
petioles, cor-

Ligulae linear- oblong, usually revolute.

erect.

Leaves on short

quite entire.

Achcnia of the disk each furnished with one awn.

;

Description, &c.
like

This

species

is less

showy than any of

It

the other Zinnias

but

it is

curious from the claw-

curving of

its

florets,

and their

brilliant colour.

grows two

or three feet high, and divides into

several branches.
are-

It has

been only found in Mexico, and was introduced about the year 1800.

The

seeds,

which

common
;

in the seed-shops, should be

till

sown on a hot-bed

in February,

and planted out about the middle of

May

or in cold situations, not

June.

dd2

204

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

2.ZINNIA VERTICILLATA,
Sykonvme.
Specific
lanceolate,

Atidr.

THE WHORL-LEAVED
placed spirally.

ZINNIA.
striated.

Ehgratings.

Z. hybrida, Hort. Bot. Rep. 189 CHiRicTER. Stem

3,
t.

Peduncles short, obconical, hollow, and

scales.

In-

and our^^.

4, in Plate 35.

volucrum campanulate, with adpressed

ginate at the apex, usually in

Ligulse obovate, emar-

erect,

rather hairy.

Leaves oblong-

two or three

series.

Palcae of receptacle

sometimes crowded in a

verticillate

manner, and sometimes

quite entire, acutish.

Achenia of the disk furnished with one awn.

last,

Description, &c.

This species

of Zinnia affords a striking contrast to the

florets
its

in the shape of the flower,

and in the number and disposition of the

leaves at the base of the peduncle,

of the ray.

It is also very strongly It is a native of

marked by the whorl

;

of
in

and by

thickened apex.

Mexico

and was introduced

1789.

Its culture is the

same

as that of Z. revolula.

3. ZINNIA MULTIFLORA.
Ehoravimo. Bot, Mag.
Specific Character.
t.

THE MANY-FLOWERED
obovate, obtuse, or emarginate.
obtuse,

ZINNIA,
Paleee

149.

of receptacle quite

entire,

iichenia of the disk furnished with one awn.

Stem

erect, branched, rather hairy.

Leaves

Variety. Lin.
;

Z.

m.

2.

lutea, our Jig. 9, in Plate

;

35

Z. pauciflora,

eearcely petiolate, ovate-lanceolate.

striated.

Petioles obconical, hollow, and

scales.

Z. lutea, Gtsrtn.

Z.

ni.

flava,

Kunth,

Flowers yellow,

Involucrum campanulate, with adpressed

Liguloe

or pale orange.

Description, &c.
very
little in

The flowers
respect.

of the species are scarlet,

and those of the variety yellow

in British gardens since 1770,

but they

diflr

any other

They have both been common

Z. multijlora

and require the

of which

same treatment as the other species of the genus.

country
it is

was

sent to

England from Louisiana,

a native

but

it is

also

found wild in Brazil, Mexico, and the Mauritius.

4.ZINNIA HYBRIDA, R.
SYKOKY.MES.

et

Pav.

THE HYBRID ZINNIA

Leaves cordate-lansolitary, short,

Z.

gTandifloni,

Hort.

Specific Character... Stem erect, pubescent.

ceolate, sessile,

stem-clasping.

Peduncles terminal,

Engravings
the

Bot Mag.

t.

2123, and

our^.

2, in Plate 35,

under

obconical, hollow. acute, entire.

Involucral scales adpressed.

Palese of receptacle

name

of Z. grandiflora.

Achenia bidentately-awned.
it

Description, &c.

Thia species

is

supposed to be a hybrid, between Z. degans and Z. multijlora ; and

has,

indeed, the large flower of the one species, and the conical disk of the other.
species to grow,
it

It is not, however, a very desirable

on account of the dull dingy colour of the flowers. Ruiz 'and Pa von, and described

It is a native of in

South America, where

;

was discovered by

by them.

It

was introduced

1818

and

its

culture

is

the same as that of the other species.

6.ZINNIA SULPHUREA,
Sykonvme
Engraving.
Spfx;ific

Hort.

THE SULPHUR-COLOURED
Ligulse elliptic.

ZINNIA.
Ache-

? Z. angustifolia.

Hum.

Z. hybrida var. sulphurea.

ovate, acuminated. Peduncles cylindrical. Involucral scales squarrose.

Palese of receptacle quite entire, narrow, acute.

Our^^.

3, in Plate 35.
erect, pubescent.

Character.

Stem

Leaves

sessile, hispid,

nia of the disk emarginately-bidentated, ciliated.

Description, &c.

This plant

so strongly resembles Z. hybrida in the shape of its flowers,

;

and

its

conical

disk, that it is probably only a variety of that species

or

it

may

be the Z. angustifolia of Humboldt, with the

is

leaves
in

become broader by cultivation.

Z. angmtifolia
is

is

a native of Mexico, and

stated to have been introduced

1824.

The name

of Z. sulphurea

not mentioned in any of the botanical catalogues.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

gOS

6. ZINNIA ELEGANS,
Stnonymf. Z.
Enchavinos.
7. in Plate 35.

Jacq.

THE ELEGANT
black.
scarcely bidentated.

ZINNIA.
Aclienia of the disk mutic

violacea,

Cav.
t.

Palese of receptacle serrated.

Ligulse obovate.

Bot. Mag.

527

Bot. Rep. 1,
e. violacea.

t.

55

and

om fig.
stem,

under the name of Z.

Specific Character.
clasping, cordate, ovate. cylindrical.

Stem

Varieties. Z. e. 2 alba, Deo.; and The fig. 6, in Plate 35. flowers are whitish, or rather a very pale yellow. Z. e. 3 purpurascens,

om

erect,

hairy.

Leaves

sessile,

Dec.
Z.
e.

and

om fig.

5.
;

The

flowers are of a very rich dark crimsOT,

t.

Peduncles

solitary, longer
;

than the leaves,

4 cocciuea, Dec.

Bot. Reg.

1295.

and our fig.

8.

The

luvolucral scales ovate-obtuse

upper ones margined with

flowers are scarlet.

Description, &c.

This

is

by

far the

handsomest of

all

the Zinnias.

Like the others,

it

it is

a native of

Mexico, and requires to be raised on a hot-bed in this country

but when planted out,

grows more luxuriantly

than any of the other kinds, and

varieties are as

is,

perhaps, the only one truly deserving of cultivation

;

by amateurs.

All the

handsome as the

species

and they

all

come

true from seed.

Seeds are

common

in all the seed-

shops.

TRIBE CYNAREjE.

GENUS XXXV. CALENDULA, Neck. THE MARIGOLD.

Lin. Syst.
Generic Character.

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.
;

Flowers
flat.

of the ray ligulate, female

those

pappus

middle ones echinated on the back

flat,

drawn out on the

;

sides

of the disk tubular, male.

paries.

Corollas hispid.

Involucral scales in two

tailed.

into an entire, or concave,

toothed

membrane

inner ones annular,

Receptacle naked,

Anthers subulate,

Style

incurved, muricated on the back.

ending in a hispid bifid cone.

Achenia of the ligular flowers without

1. CALENDULA OFFICINALIS, Lin.

SyNonYMis.

THE COMMON MARIGOLD,

upper ones lanceolate, stem-clasping, and a
little

Caltha

oflBcinalis,
t.

Mwnch

C. vulgaris, C.

Bauh.

late;
all

toothed. Achenia

Engraving. Bot. Mag.

SpEcinc Charactbr.

3204.
;

curved, muricated at the back.

Leaves pubescent

lower ones entire, spatn-

Description, &c.
only since so

The

common

marigold was, a century ago, a

it

common

flower in every garden

and

it is

many

finer flowers

have been introduced, that

may

be said to have gone out of fashion.

it

The

double variety
into

is still,

however, very generally grown.

It only

It is a native of the south of Europe, but

was introduced
it

England before 1573.

expands

its

flowers in broad sunshine.

to

Shakspeare describes

as

" The Marygold that goes

bed wi' the sun.

And
The popular English name
is

with him

rises

weeping."

said to have been corrupted from Mary's gold

and to allude to the great use

Sir,

made
in the

of this plant as a pot-herb,

by

the wives of cottagers.

Sotici,

the French name,

;

W.

J.

Hooker

tells

us

Bot. Mag.,

is

derived from Solsequium to follow the course of the sun

it

and Calendula from Calendt,

because, from the great length of time the plant continues in flower,

may

be said to bloom every month.

The

flowers of the Marigold, taken internally, are said by the old herb-doctors to be " great comforters of the heart

and

spirits."

The common Marigold

is

quite hardy.

206

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

2.CALENDULA STELLATA,
Synonyme.
Specific
toothed, a

Cav.
j

THE STAR-LIKE MARIGOLD.

ones half stem-clasping, acute.

C.

crista-galli,

Character.
little

Stems
;

Vahk
scabrous.

The

five

outer achenia with merabi

Leaves

ovate-oblong,
;

nous toothed margins

the back
;

the five inner ones boat-shaped, and smooth on

ciliated

lower ones attenuated at the base

upper

the rest angular, and muricated on the back.

Description, &c.
is

A handsome

plant,

with

orange flowers, a native of

Bombay, introduced

in 1795.

It

quite hardy,

and only requires sowing

in the

open borders in March or April.

GENUS XXXVI.

CRYPTOSTEMMA,
Lin. Syst.

R. Br.

THE CRYPTOSTEMMA.
and filaments scabrous.
pubescence.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
Achenia clothed with a long and very dense
series, the scarious palece

Generic Character.
and

Head

radiate

flowers of the ray neuter,

biligulate

ligulate or difformed

by being palmately parted, or

Pappus in ona

hidden by the

those of the disk tubular, 5-toothed, and hermaphrodite.

Receptacle

wool of the achenia.

honey-combed.

Involucral scales free, and in

many

series.

Stamens

Description, &c.

The

species belonging to this genus,

were formerly considered to belong to

Arctotis ; but

they were separated from that genus, and the name of Cryptoitemma given to them by Dr. Brown, on account
of the long dense wool of the seed,

which nearly conceals the pappus with which

it

is

crowned.

The name

Cryptostemma

is

from the two Greek words, Kryptos, hidden, and gtemma, a crown.

1. CRYPTOSTEMMA
Synohyhes.
Engraving.
Arctotis
t.

CALENDULACEUM,
;

JR.

Br.
i

THE MARIGOLD-LIKE CRYPTOSTEMMA.

Specific Charactkr.

Calendula, Lind. Bot. Mag. 2252.

A. calendnlacea, Jacq.

Ligulffi entire, or toothed at the

apex, with

two or three very short teeth.

Description, &c.
the Cape
of

A showy

plant, with bright golden-yellow flowers, in 1752.

is

and hairy stems.

It is

a native of
it

Good Hope, and was introduced

It

was

at one time very

common

in gardens, but

seems
Tlie

now

to have fallen out of cultivation, as its

name
sown

not in any of the seedsmen's catalogues that

we

have.

seeds should be raised on a hot-bed, or not

tiU

May,

as they are rather tender

and the plant requires a

warm

situation, and a light and rather sandy

soil.

2. CRYPTOSTEMMA
Sykonymes.

HYPOCHONDRIACUM, R. Br. et Less. CRYPTOSTEMMA.

A. hypochondriacs, Willd.;
lobes
linear,

THE MELANCHOLY-LOOKING
;

Arctotis

tristis,

Lin.;

subpalmate, rarely subbilobate

sides.

leaves lyrate, woolly, or cob-

Cynotis hypochondriaca,
Specific Character.

Hoffm,
Ligulae all or mostly 3 or 5-parted
;

webbed, on both

Description, &c.
is in all

This
;

plant, being

much

hardier than the last species,

of Arctotis
tristis.

still

keeps

its

place in gardens, and

the seedsmen's catalogues under the

name

It is rather singular that a plant so well

known

does not appear to have been ever figured.

The

flowers of the ray are yellow inside, and of very dark

purple, almost black outside

whence the name of

culture
is

tristis.

The

plant

is

a native of the Cape of

;

Good Hope, and

was introduced

in 1731.

The
soil,

the same as that of the preceding species

and both, though they

to bring

ehould be grown in dry

perfection.

require, like all the

Cape

plants, frequent

and abundant watering

them

to

There

is

another species, C. runcinatum, the leaves of which resemble those of the Dandelion.

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

207

GENUS XXXVII.
ECHINOPS,
Generic Chaiucteii.

Lin.

THE GLOBE-THISTLE.
on
of or with the orarium.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA SEGREGATA.
Flowers
all hermaphrodite,
;

Heads

1-flowered, combined, or collected

fertile

tube of

a globose receptacle, sessile.

scales
;

Proper involucrum of

many
;

series

corolla terete, inflated at the throat

stigmas naked.

Fruit clothed

outer scales hair-formed and woolly at the base

;

middle ones

with silky

villi.

Pappus composed of

free, short bristles.

fringed or ciliated at the margins

inner ones often combined together,

1. ECHINOPS STRIGOSUS, Lin.

ENORiViNG
Bot. Mag.
t.

THE MEAGRE, OR ANNUAL, GLOBE-THISTLE.

lucrum bristle-formed and numerous.
Fruit pentagonal, clothed with
silky
villi.

2109.
pinnatifid, strigose,

Specific Character.

Leaves

and clothed with

hoary

tomentum beneath

as well as the stem.

Scales of partial invo-

Description, &c.
it is

This

is

the only annual species of Globe-Thistle

and though

it

has no beauty to boast

or

of,

curious as being the plant from which the Spanish

Moxa

is

made.

The Amadou,
it is

common
is

vegetable

tinder, is

a fungus growing on the beech

but the Moxa, or Spanish tinder as

called,

and which

used like

the
is

Amadou

for lighting cigars, is said to

be made from the pubescence of this plant.

It was, however, soon lost, but

The annual Globe-Thistle

in 1819,

a native of Spain, and

was introduced

in 1729.

was re-introduced

by

A. B. Lambert, Esq., to

whom
;

the botanical world owes so much, and in so

many different ways.

Seeds are not

common
April.

in the seed-shops

but

when they

are procured, they should be

sown

in the open border in

March or

GENUS XXXVIII.

XERANTHEMUM,
Lin. Syat.
Generic

Toum.

THE XERANTHEMUM.
bilabiate.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
scales

Character.

Heads

hoterogamous.

Involucral

Anthers

linear,

bicomute

at

the base.

Fruit of the her-

imbricated, scarious.
of

Palcaj of receptacle scarious, tripartite.

;

Flowers

maphrodite flowers silky, with persistent paleaceous pappus.

the

disk

hermaphrodite, S-toothed

those

of

the

ray female.

1.XERANTHEMUM
Synonvmes.

ANNUUM,
Gmel.
;

Lin
X.

THE ANNUAL XERANTHEMUM.

inner leaves

X. radiatum, Lam.
;

Centaurea dubia,

much

longer than the rest.

a.

omatum, Cass.

X.^inodorum, Mcench.

Varieties.
;

Specific Character.

Involucrum

X.

fl.

pi.,

our fig. 9, in Plate 34.

X.

a.

hemispherical, quite glabrous

album yi</. 10,

all

in Plate 34.

Description, &c.
Europe, and was

This

is

by

far the

most elegant of

the Everlastings.

It is a native of the It requires

South of

first

cultivated in the Oxford Botanic

Garden about 1658.

no other care than

sowing the seeds in the open border in February or March, or in

unless very severe
;

Autumn ;

as

it

will stand through the winter,

and autumn-sown plants are always stronger and flower

earlier

than those sown in spring.

;

If gathered as soon as the flowers are expanded, these flowers

may

be kept

for years

and when the brilliancy

it

of the colour of the lilac kind has faded. Philips, in his " Flora Historica" tells us that

may

be restored

by

holding the flowers in the vapour of any acid.

He

also

mentions that the seeds, or

fruit,

when

dry, sometimes

become detached from the receptacle in a very beautiful manner.

the pappus, the whole mass first swells into

Being kept together by the feathery nature of

to each other in the
effect is

" a kind of dome, the feathers being attached

;

most delicate manner imaginable with the seeds downwards

still

after which, as

they loosen themselves, the

more

delicate

and

singular, as

it

resembles, in miniature, a

number

of stars being

thrown out

of a circular

piece of fire- work."

208

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS XXXIX. CENTAUREA, Lin. THE CENTAURY.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
Achenia compressed.

Generic Chailicter.

Involucral scales various.

Corollas of the ray large, sterile, or hermaphrodite.

Pappns composed

of subfiliform bristles, scabrous, usually in

many
weii

series

mncr

series small

and somewhat connivent.

very polymorphous genus.

Description, &c.
Thistle,
other.

This
to
it.

genus

is

known from

the English weeds,

Knapweed,

Bluebottle, and Star-

which belong

The

flowers are all very striking in their forms, though they

diflPer

widely from each

The name

of Centaurea

is

said to have been given to this genus because one of the species

was used in

medicine by the centaur Chiron.

1. CENTAUREA CYANUS,
EsoRAViNGS. Eng. Bot.
OMT fig. 8, in Plate 33.
Specific
the leaves.
t.

Lin.
and

THE CORN-BLUEBOTTLE
toothed, or pinnatifid.

277

2nd.

edit., vol. 6, t.

1188

Varieties.

Character.
Leaves

Stem

These
it

are very numerous

but those most generally

erect, branched, tomentose, as well as

grown

in gardens are the lilac, fig. 5, the pink, fig. 6,

and the dark

linear, sessile, quite entire,

lower ones the broadest.

purple, ^^. 7, all in plate 33.

Description, &c.
notwithstanding
its

The

beauty of

this

flower

is

so great that

is

in

common

cultivation in gardens,

frequency in our corn-fields.

"

No

artificial colour,"

observes Sir J. E. Smith, " can equal the

at

brilliancy of the blue of the outer florets of the Cyanus."

It

may be sown

any season

but generally February

or

March

is

preferred, or the seeds are

sown

in

autumn and the

plants are left to stand through the vdnter.

2.CENTAUREA CROCODYLIUM,
Engraving.
Specific

Lin.

THE CROCODYLIUM, OR BLUSH-CENTAURY,

I

Our^^r.

1, in

Plate 33.
erect,

almost glabrous, pinnatifid

outer lobe larger than the

rest, in

the

Character.

Stem

sparingly branched.

Leaves

lower leaves ovate, in the upper ones oblong or linear.

Description, &c.

curious and beautiful plant, not

now
is

so

much

cultivated as

it

ought to

be.

It

is

native of the Levant, and

was introduced

in 1777.

The name

in the seed-catalogue of Forrest

and Black,

at

Kensington, and

we have

seen magnificent specimens of the plant growing in the

Hammersmith Nursery.

3. CENTAUREA AMERICANA.
Synonymes.
Engraving.

THE AMERICAN CENTAURY.

Specific

C.

Nuttallii,

Sprengt ; C.

grandiflora, Sease et

Moc.

Character.

Leaves

oblong, membraneous,

undivided.

Plectocephalus americanus,

D. Don.
Flow. Gard. 2nd
ser.
t.

Peduncles ventricose at the apex.

51.

Outer involucral

scales

about a

Swt,

Brit.

third of the length of their a])pend.iges.

Description, &c.
are
lilac,

A very splendid
in

and singular
It
is

plant, having a large star-like flower.

it

The ray

flowers

and those of the disk nearly white.

It

a native of the Arkansas territory, where

was discovered by
seeds should be

Nuttall.

was introduced

1823

and seeds

may

be procured at

all

the seed-shops.

The

sown

in

March, or they

may

be raised on a hot-bed, and planted out in the beginning of April.

not suitable for a small garden.

The flower

is

very large and showy, and

it is

4.CENTAUREA DEPRESSA,
SvKoNYME.
Engraving.

Bieb.

THE PROSTRATE CENTAURY.

simple and erect
;

Bot. Mag.

C. pjgmjca,

Hoffm.
t.

clothed with white tomcntum, as well as the leaves.

sessile, quite entire,

3662.
branched from the base, declinate, or

Cauline leaves oblong,

lower ones a
in length.

little

toothed.

Specific Character.

Stem

Umbilicus of the

fruit bearded.

Pappus equal

Description,
the fields
;

&c

In the shape of the flower,

this species strongly resembles the

its

common

corn-bluebottle of

but

its

colours are far

more

brilliant,

and

stems are not above six or eight inches long.

The whole
England by

plant

is

covered with a white down.

It is a native of Iberia

and Persia, and seeds of

it

were sent

to

Dr. Fischer, early in the spring of 1838.

in the open border, and

It flowered in

August the same

year, in the

Glasgow Botanic Garden,

in the seed-shops.

may consequently be

considered quite hardy. Seeds are not yet

common

Pl.3'0

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUAIA

209

GENUS

XL,

AMBERBOA,
Lin. Syst.
GuNERic Character.

Dec.

THE SWEET SULTAN.

Stamens with
piibcrulous, or papillose filaments.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
Fruit
Palete of pappus oblong or obovate, rarely wanting.

Involucral scales various.

Corollas of the ray ample, sterile.

compressed or turbinated, with a lateral or basilar areola.

Description, &c.
been separated from

The Sweet Sultans were formerly considered

by De Candolle.
Amberboa
is

to belong to the genus Centaurea, but

for

have

it

the Turkish

name

A. moschata.

1.AMBERBOA ODORATA,
Synonyme
Engravings
Plate 33.

Dec.

THE YELLOW SWEET SULTAN.

than those of the disk.

Centaurea suaveolens, Lin,

Swt. Biit. Flow. Card.
t.

Pappus paleaceous, a

little

shorter than the

51

and our fig.

4,

in

fruit.

Varieties.

Specific Charactkr.

Corollas of the ray widened upwards, longer

A.

o.

2 glauca, Dec.

C. glauca, Willd.

This variety

has purple flowers.

its

Description, &c.
It is

The honey-scent

of this flower and

it

beauty, have long

in 1689. It
is

made

it

a favourite in gardens.

a native of Persia and the Levant, and

;

was introduced
if

generally thought tender, and raisnd

on a hot-bed

but will do quite well in the open border

sown

in April or

May.

2.AMBERBOA MOSCHATA,
Synonyme.

Dec.

THE COM.MON SWEET SULTAN.

Specific Character.

Centaurea moschata, Lin.

fig. 3, in Plate 33.

Corollas of the ray wide, not exceeding those

Engraving. Our

of "> disk.

Pappus none.

Variety.

A. m. 2

alba,

onr fig. 2, in Plate 33.

it is

Description, &c.
impossible to bear
Bent to
it

The smell
in a room.

of this flower
It is

is

so overpowering from its honey-like sweetness, that

It
is

almost
it

very handsome.

a native of Persia and Turkey, whence

was

England shortly before 1629.

GENUS

XLI.

CARTHAMUS,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE CARTHAMUS.
fringed.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS
involucral
at the
;

GKN'aic

Character.

Heads
;

homogamous.

Outer
ov.al,

Corollas S-cleft, almost regular, the tube expanding above

Kales foliaceous, spreading

middle ones erect,

is

expanded
its

the disk.

Anthers each terminated by an obtuse appendage.

Stigmas

apex into an ovate appendage, which

spiny along

margin

the

scarcely distinct.

Achenia obovate, tetragonal, glabrous.

Pappus

inner ones oblong, entire, each ending in a pungent point.

Receptacle

wanting.

1. CARTHAMUS TINCTORIA,
SvNONVMES.
ENGR-tviNGS.

Lin.

Cnicus Bot. Reg.

vulgaris, Clus.
t.

Bastard Saffron,

THE DYER'S CARTHAMUS, OR SAFFLOWER. Cauline leaves Specific Character. Plant glabrous.
[
I

ovate-

170.

lanceolate, spinosely serrated.

Description, &c.
the

The flower
is

of this plant

is

not very beautiful,

it is

as,

indeed,

it

very
it

much

resembles that of
is

Globe Thistle, and what

It is a native of

remarkable, though
;

of a yellowish-orange, the colour into

produces

a beautiful

pink.

Egypt

but

it

was introduced
an
article of

England

in 1551,
;

and was once cultivated to some and

it is

extent in Gloucestershire.

It still forms

commerce

as a dyer's drug

said to be the principal

ingredient in the cosmetic called Vegetable Rouge, or Spanish Vermilion.

In Spain, and along the shores of the

E E

210

THE LADIBS' FLOWER-GARDEN

The
seed

Meditfirranean, the leaves are eaten as a kind of vegetable.

still

was formerly used

birds,

as a medicine, and
for

it is

called Parrot's Corn, as

it is

said to be particularly

wholesome

for those

though injurious

most
in

others.

The

seeds are

common

in the English seed-shops,

and they

may

be sown at almost any season, and

almost any

soil.

2CARTHAMUS OXYACANTHA, Sieb. THE Specific Chaiuctek. Plant Leaves

rather villous.

SHARP-SPINED CARTHAMUS.
Fruit ovate-conjpressed.

oblong-lanceolate, with spiny margins.

Descbiption, &c.
of

A plant with yellow flowers and spiny

leaves,

growing about three

feet high.

A native

Caucasus.

Introduced in 1818.

GENUS
Lin. Spsl.

XLII.

KENTROPHYLLUM, A^ec/i. THE KENTROPHYLLUM OR WOOLLY -CARTHAMUS.

SYNGENESIA. ^QUALIS.
thick, obovate,

Generic Character,

Head homogamous.
spinoso
point.
;

Involucral scales ovate,

and somewhat tetragonal, glabrous, denticulated

at the

outer ones foilaceous, pinnatiBd, spinoso; inner ones oblong, scarcely

toothed, but ending in a Corollas 5-cIeft, regular
filiform.

apex, with an oblique areola.

in the rest ])aleaceous,

P-appus in the marginal flowers wanting,

Receptacle thick, fringed.

the outer palcae membranous, ciliated on the

the ray ones sometimes very few, sterile, and

hairs.

margins, imbricated

the inner ones very short, in one scries, truncate,

Filaments furnished with a ring of

by au obtuse appendage.

Anthers termi-

and toothed.

nated

racli

Stigmas combined.

Achcnia

1 KENTROPHYLLUM LANATUM,
Symonymes.

Dec.

THE WOOLLY KENTROPHYLLUM, OR YELLOW

Specific Character.
top
;

DISTAFF-THISTLE.

Carihanuis Bot. Mag.

&c

lanatus.

Lin.

Cirsium lanatum, Dec.

Stem

pilose at the base,

;

and cobwcbbedat the

stem-clasping,

llcracantha lanata, Link.

lower leaves pinnatifidly toothed

upper ones

Engraving.

t.

2142.

piunatifidly tootlied.

Involucrum more

or less woolly.

Description,

curious plant,

somewhat resembling a

thistle in its flower,

but having

its

stem clothed

with a downy pubescence, which hangs down from the head and upper part of the
distaff

stalk, like the

wool from a

used in spinning.

It

is

supposed to be the Arctractylis of the ancients.

it is

It is a native of the south of

in

Europe, and was cultivated in England before 1596, as

that year.
It
is

mentioned by Gerard as growing in his garden

situation.

quite hardy,

and

will

grow

in

any

soil

and

TRIBE CICHORACEjE.

GENUS
TOLPIS,
Generic Character. Involucral

XLIII.

Biv.

THE PURPLE-EYED YELLOW HAWKWEED.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA jEQUALIS.
by linear setaceous bracteas.
Receptacle honey-combed.

scales in

few

series, calyculated

Achenia turbinated,

striated, bcakless.

Pappus

in one series.

1. TOLPIS BARBATA,
Synonvmes.

Gtertn.
;

THE BEARDED
Dec.
;

TOLPIS,

OR PURPLE-EYED HAWKWEED.
Stem
erect, branched, leafy.

Crcpis

barbata,

Lin.
and

Drepania barbata,

Spkcific Character
late, toothed.

Leaves lanceo-

llieracium proliferum,

Bauh.
t.

Bracteas exceeding the scales of the involucrum.

KNCBAVINGS.-Bot. Mag.

35

om fig.

6, in

Plate 31.

Deschiption, &c.

A very well-known

flower, which,

though introduced in 1620, has maintained

its

place

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
in

211
will

our gardens ever since.

It

is

a native of the Soutli of France,

and the seeds

come up, and

generally

produce abundance of flowers,

seed-shops under
tlie

if

sown

in

any

soil

and

situation,

and at almost any season.

Seeds are sold in tha

name

of Crepii harbata.

BOERKHAUSIA,
Genehic Character.

Bell.

GENUS XLIV. THE BOERKHAUSIA, OR REDDISH-LILAC HAWKWEED.

Lin. Syst.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
Receptacle nearly naked, or fiinged.

Involucrum

caljculated, rarely subimbricated.

Achenia

terete,

some of the

central

ones attenuated into a long beak.

Pappus in many

series, pilose.

BOERKHAUSIA RUBRA, Unh. THE REDDISH BOERKHAUSIA.

Synonymes."

Ekgrating.

Out

Crcpis rubra, Lin.

Barkhausia rubra, Mosnch.

naked

at top.

Leaves usually radical, and ruminately

lyrate, petiolate

fig. 2, in Plate 32.

caulino ones sessile, linear, cut at the base.

lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous
;

Outer

scales of

involucrum

Specific Character

Stems leafy from the base and branched,

inner ones rather scabrous.

Description, &c.
double.

A
up

tall-growing plant with very slender stems and

lilac flowers,

which are generally

in

It is a native of Italy,
;

whence

it

was introduced

in 1632.

It is quite hardy,

and should be sown

the open border

but always where

its

it is

to remain, as it will not bear transplanting

unless

when very young.

tied.

When

the plant sends

flower-stalks, they are so long

all

and slender that they should be staked and

Seeds are to be procured in nearly

the seed-shops, under the

name

of Crepis rubra.

GENUS XLV.
PICRIDIUM,
Bmf.

THE POPPY-LEAVED VIPER'S-GRASS.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
Receptacle naked, honeycombed.

Lin. Syst.
GcNEaic Character.

Involucrum

ovate, imbricated, the scales white at the margin.

Acbenia quadrangular,

prismatic, transversely tuberculated, trunculate

and beakless

at the apex.

Pappus in many

series, pilose.

Description, &c.

The

species comprised in this genus

is

have been separated by Professor

bitter,

De CandoUe

from

the genus Scorzonera.

Picridium

from a Greek word signifying

and alludes

to the taste of the plants.

PICRIDIUM TINGITANUM,
Specific Character

Dec.

TANGIER SCORZONERA, OR POPPY-LEAVED

VIPER'S-GRASS.
involucrum squarrose.

SvNONYMES. Scoi-zoncra Stem branched. Leaves all runcinate,

tingitana,

Sims.; Sonchus

tingitanus,
scaly.

Lin.
Outer
scales of the

half stem-clasping.

Peduncles

Description,
of Tangiers,

&c. A showy
when exposed

plant with a head of yellow flowers, and stem-clasping leaves.

It is quite hardy,

It is a native
soil.

and was introduced in 1713.

to the sun,

but the seeds should be sown in a dry

The

flowers soon fade

and they are seen to most advantage in cloudy weather.

;

Seeds

may
:n

be had at the Kensington nursery

spring.

and

in other seed-shops

and they should be sown with the otner annuals

e2

212

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

OTHER ANNUAL COMPOSITE.

The
following have
all

been introduced, and

many

of

them

are to be

met with

in nurseries

and seed-shops,

but they are by no means in general cultivation.

CENTRATHERUM INTERMEDIUM,

Dec;

AMPHEREPHIS INTERMEDIA,

Link., Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard.

t.

225.

weedy-looking plant, with small heads of purple flowers.

It

It is a native of Brazil,

and requires

to be'

raised on a hotbed.

was introduced

in 1821.

There are two other species, C. punctatum and C. muticum, both

introduced about the same time, and both natives of South America.

LAGASCEA MOLLIS,

Willd., Bot.

Mag.

t.

804.

A
and

tender annual, a native of Cuba, requiring to be kept in the stove in England.

The

flowers are whitish,

are produced in heads like those of the clover, but are

much

smaller.

Introduced in 1815.
IViUd.

EVAX PYGMjE,

Dec.

FILAGO PYGM^A,

little insignificant

plant,

with brownish flowers, a native of the south of Europe, introduced

in 1629,

There are three other

species.

MICROPUS SUPINUS,

Dec.

A little trailing plant,

the flower-stalks erect.

with silvery leaves, and the flowers in heads.

of the south of Europe,

M.

erecttis differs

principally in having
ago.

Both are natives

and were introduced more than a century

AMBROSIA.
There are several species mentioned in nurserymen's seed catalogues, but they are none of them worthy of
cultivation,

though they have

all

a slight fragrance like that of

new

hay.

One

species,

A. maritima,

is

native of Italy, and

was introduced

in 1570, but the others are natives of America.

PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS,

Willd.
it is

An

insignificant plant

with very small white flowers

having no beauty
it

a native of Jamaica, where

called vyild

wormwood.

It wa43 introduced in 1728, but

has never been grown but in botanic gardens.

Cav.

SIMSIA FICIFOLIA, Dec; COREOPSIS FCETIDA,

XIMENESIA FCETIDA,

K. S.
native of Mexico,

yellow-flowered plant resembling a Coreopsis, but with a very unpleasant smell.

introduced in 1799.

MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA,
This
is

Smith.

THE WILD CHAMOMILE.

is

rather a pretty English weed.

M.

inodorum, the corn-feverfew,

also pretty, but neither of

them

are

thought worth cultivating except in botanic gardens.

CALENDULA ASTERIAS,

F.

M.

THE STARRY MARYGOLD.

little

A most beautiful species,

do not

a native of Barbary, introduced in 1836, but at present very

cultivated.

We

know where

seeds are to be procured.

Bot. Mag.

CRYPTOSTEMMA CALENDULACEA,

iJ. J?r.,

t.

2252

ARCTOTIS CALENDULACEA,
leaves.

Willd.

A
of

very pretty

little

plant, with bright yellow flowers,

and lyrate-shaped

It is a native of the

Cape

Good Hope, and was

introduced in 1752.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

oj,

CHARDINIA ORIENTALIS, D.

Don.

C.

XERANTHEMOIDES,

Desf.,-

XERANTHEMUM ORIENTALE,

fVilld.

A kind of white everlasting flower,

with in gardens.

a native of the Levant; introduced in 1713, but very seldom to bo met

CENTAUREA PULCHELLA,

Dec.

very pretty purple flower, a native of Persia, introduced in 1836.

TRIPTILION CORDIFOLIUM,

Log., Bot. Reg.

t.

853.

A very curious little

plant with white flowers, a native of Chili, introduced in 1823.

SCOLYMUS MACULATUS,

Dec.

THE GOLDEN-THISTLE.
The
flowers are yellow.

A native
There are

of the south of Europe, introduced in ] 633.

many

other species, but the above are the most ornamental.

CHAPTEE XXXV.
DIPSACEiE.
Essential Character.

Calyx

adherent,

with a variable limb.

tube,

l-seeded, crovncd by the limb of the calyx.

fleshy.

Seed pendulous, albumen

yariable

Corolla monopelalous, inserted near the top of the calycine

csually unequal,
uniple.

Herbs or under shrubs, with alternate or verticcUate,

Flowers disposed in dense

or 5-cleft.

Stamens

4, epipetalous.

Style one,

leaves.

heads girded by iuToluciB,

Fruit indehiscent,

membranous

or Bubmentaceous, 1 -celled,

(G. Don.)

GENUS

I.

KNAUTIA,
Lin. Sgit.
GoiERic CnARACTKR.

Coult.

THE KNAUTIA.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Receptacles hairy.

Involucrum of many
Limb

leaves.

Paleai none.

Involucel girding the

4.

fruit,

denticulated at the apex.

of calyx cup-shaped.

Corolla 4 or 5-cIeft.

Stamens

(G. Don,')

1. KNAUTIA ORIENTALIS,
SvNoMYHEs.

Lin.

THE ORIENTAL KNAUTIA.

cylindrical, of 6 to 10-erect leaves
;

Seabiosa

orientalis,

Lag.

Knautia

trichotoma,

corollas

to
;

10

in each

head

Manch.
Spkcific Character.

outer ones radiating, longer than the involucrum

teeth of involucel

Leaves

oblong, cut

or

entire

involucrum

12

to 15, very short

ciliae

of calyx obsolete.

(G. Don.)
kind of Lychnis

Description, &c.
or Silene.
soil

A very pretty
its

little

plant, with pink flowers, looking very

much

like a

It is a native of the
it

Levant, and was introduced in 1713.

place in gardens, while
is

As

it

seeds freely and will

grow

in

any

and situation,

has kept

much handsomer
grown

flowers have fallen out of cultivation.

There are several other annual species, but this

the only kind

in British gardens.

The name
died in
1

of

Knautia

was given

to this

genus in honour of Dr. Knaut, a Saxon physician, residing at Halle,

who

694.

214

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

CHAPTER XXXVI.

VALERIANACE^.
EssESTnL Chaiucter.
different genera.

Calyx

adherent

limb variable

in

the

hiscent,

crowned by the limb of the calyx, one or three-celled

is

v 1 en

Corolla monopetalous, usually 5-lobed, having the

the latter
lous.

the case, the two lateral ones are abortive.

Seed pendu-

tube gibbous or spurred at the base.

the corolla at the base.
confined stigmas.

Stamens one

to five,

adnate to

Albumen none.

Annual

or [>erennial herbs, with variable,

flowers,

Style one, crowned by two or three free or

opposite, exstipulate

leaves,

and cymose corymbs of

(G.

Fruit membraneous or subnucumentaceous, inde-

Don.)

GENUS
FEDIA,
M(Ench.

I.

THE PURPLE-STEMMED VALERIAN, OR LAMB'S-LETTUCE.

Lin. Sysl.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
Corolla filiform, with an unequally 5-lobed subringent limb.

Genekic Character.

Limb of calyx

ivith four

unequal subulate lobes.

bifid.

Stamens

two.

Stigma

Fruit spongy, indehiscent, 3-celled,

(G, Don.)
FEDIA.
ovate-oblong, toothed
;

FEDIA CORNUCOPI.^,
Syvonyhes,
Engravings

Gartn.
;

THE HORN-LIKE
Specific Character,
petiolate
;

F,

incrassata,

Mtsnch
1S5

Valeriana cornucopise, Lin.

Leaves
;

lower ones
;

V, indica, Clus.

upper ones

sessile

flowers corymbose, in fascicles

peduc-

Bot, Reg.

t,

and
is

om fig.

4, in Plate 38,

cles thickened, fistular,

G, Don.)

Description, &c.

This

the plant which

is

sold in the seed-shops under the

name

of Horns, from the

curious shape of the seed-pods, which resemble those of the scarlet-flowered Loasa (Caiopkora).
rather coarse-growing, with a thick purple stem, and heads of rather pretty small pink flowers.

The plant
It
is

is

a native

of the shores of the Mediterranean, and

in

was introduced

in 1596.

The

seeds should be

sown

in the
is

open border

March, in rather a light

soil,

and they
;

will require no other care.

it is

The name

of Fedia

derived from an

ancient Latin

word

signifying a kid

and

applied to this plant, because goats are said to be fond of browsing

on

it.

GENUS
PLECTRITIS,
Lin. Syst.

XL

Dec.

THE PLECTRITIS

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
1 celled,

Generic Character,

Limb of calyx

entire.

Corolla gibbous at the base in front from a short spur, with a 5-lobed bilabiate limb.

Stamen*

3.

Capsule cartilaginous,

2-winged,

{G.Don.)

PLECTRITIS CONGESTA,
Synonvme,
Engraving.

Dec.

THE GROWDED-FLOWERED
i

PLECTRITIS,

OR PINK VALERIAN.
in whorls.

Bot. Keg.

Valerianella congesta, Lindl.

t.

Specific Character,
tifid,

Flowers crowded,

Bracteas mol*

1091.

with subulate segments.

Description, &c.

rather curious plant, with

it

whork

of dark rose-coloured flowers.

native of the
sent

North-west coast of America, where

was found on the shore near the mouth of the Columbia, and

home
often

by Douglas

in 1826.

It flowers in July.

The

seeds should be
\rill

sown

in light soil,

and the plants should be

watered, but they will require no other care.

They

not bear transplanting.

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

,y.^

GENUS

III.

CENTRANTHUS,
Generic Character.

Dufr.

THE SPURRED VALERIAN.

and a regular S-lobed limb. Stamen one.
Fruit indehiscent, l-cellod.

Lin. Syst.

MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
time of
feathered

Limb

of calyx involute at

the

Powering, but afterw.irds evolute and deciduous, of

bristles.

many

and 1-seeded

at maturity.

(G. Don.)

Corolla with a narrow tube, which

spurred at the base,

CENTRANTHUS CALCITRAPA,
SYKONTfMES.

Dufr.

WATER CALTROP- LEAVED SPURRED VALERIAN.

I

Valeriana
Smith.

calitrapa,

Lin.;

V. annua,

Gray;? V.

Specific

Character. Radicalleaves
;

ovate, entire, or lyrate; upper

orbiculata, Sib. et

ones pinnatifid

flowers rather paniclcd

spur very sliort..{O. Don.)

Description, &c.

Closely resembling the

The
seeds are

beautiful red-spurred Valerian, so

common on
of the

the chalk

cliffs

near

Greenhithe and Gravesend, but with white flowers tinged with pink.
ranean, introduced in 1683.
soil,

A native
and but

banks of the Mediterlight calcareous

common

in the seed-shops,

and they do best sown in

little

in

an open airy situation.

They

require abundance of light and

air,

water.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

HYDROPHYLLACE.E.
Essential

Character,

Calyx

5-cleft,

persistent,
reile.'sed

the

recesses

herbs, but hairy like those of Boraginaceas.

lobed, the lower ones opposite.

Leaves alternate, usually

in

between the segments usually furnished with

Corolla monopetalous.
Style
bifid.

appendages.
versatile.

Flowers blue or pink, disposed

Stamens

5, perigynous.

Anthers

one-sided, somewhat dichotomous spikes or racemes, which are scarpoid

before the expansion of the flowers.

Capsule 2-valved, often 2-celled, in consequence of the

(G. Don.)
till

large placenta filling the capsule.

Albumen

cartilaginous.

Elegant

Description, &c.

This

order was comparatively

it

unknown

to the lovers of ornamental flowers

the

beautiful Californian annuals belonging to

were sent home by Douglas, but

now everybody who

has seen the

Nenwpkiloi, Eutocas, and Phacelias, will

feel

an interest in the order to which they belong.

literally Water-leaf, in allusion

The name

of

Hydrophyllacew is derived from that of the genus Hydrophyllum,

having leaves so curved as to retain water standing in them.
moist ahady situations.

to the plants

All the plants belonging to the order grow best in

GENUS
ELLISIA,
Lin. Syst.
Generic Characteh.

I.

Lin.

THE

ELLISIA.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stamens rather shorter than the
corolla.

Calyx

without appendages.

Corolline processes 10, short, or wanting.

Placentas large, biovulate.

(G. Don.)

ELLISIA NYCTELEA,
Synonvme.
Specific

Lin.

CUT-LEAVED ELLISIA.
;

Polemonium Nyctelea, Ehret.

calyx increasing

Character

Petioles without appendages

leaves pinnatifid, with cut lobes

much

after floresccncn. (G.

Don.)

Description,
small purple dots.

&c. A low

plant, with large

downy

leaves,

and

star-like

flowers, which are white, with very

It is a native of Virginia,

and was

introduced in 1755.

The genus was named by Linnwus

216
in

THE

LADIES'
Ellis,

FLOWER-GARDEN
F.R.S.

honour of his friend and correspondent John

lost
;

The plant

is

now

rarely to be

met with, and

is

is

probably
to

but

it

deserves to be re-introduced.
in

It is of the easiest culture, as nothing

situation,

more

necessary than

strew the seeds on the ground

any tolerably moist and shady

and the plants will need no farther

care.

GENUS

II.

NEMOPHILA,
Lin. Syst.

Barton.

THE NEMOPHILA.
CoroUine processes 10, short or wanting.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stamens rather shorter
Placentas large, 2 to 12-ovulate.

Generic Chiracter.

Sinuses

of the calyx furnished with rcflcxed teeth.

than the corolla.

(G. Don.)
Petioles without appendages
corolla exceed-

]. NEMOPHILA PHACELIOIDES,
Synonyme.
32

Bart.

THE PHACELIA-LIKE NEMOPHILA.

Specific Character.
;

N.

Nuttallii, Coll.

Engravings
t.
J

Bot.
t.

Mag.

t.

2373

Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard.

;

1,

ing the calyx a

little

sinuses of the calyx furnished with lanceolate

;

Bot. Reg.

740; Bot. Gard. No. S86

and our

fig.

8, iu

appendages, which equal in length one half of the calyx

biovulate.

placentas

Plato 37.

(G. Don.)
the plant has strong stems growing at least

Description, &c.

The

flowers are large and of a pale lilac

a foot high, and the calyxes are furnished with narrow leafy appendages.
discovered,
in

This species was the

first

Nemophila

and

it

was found by Nuttall

Seeds of
lost,
it

in shady places on the banks of the Missouri in the Arkansas territory,

in 1822, It

North America.

were sent to England

till

and

it

flowered in several gardens;

rather scarce, but

it

was,

however, soon after

and not re-introduced

about 1837.

is still

we saw

it

flowering

beautifully in the garden of Mrs. Marryat at

Wimbledon House
The

in the

summer

of 1839, and

we

there obtained
it

the specimen from which our drawing

was made.

culture resembles that of other annuals, except that

should not be thinned out, and that

it

should always be kept in the shade.

2.NEMOPHILA AURITA,
Engravings. Bot.' Reg. 1601
6, in
;

lAndl. ^5.

THE EAR-SHAPED NEMOPHILA.

Specific Character.
sinuses

Bot. Gard. No. 666; and our

Petioles auriculately

dilated

at the
;

base

Plate 37.

of the calyx furnished

;

with elongated appendages

corolla

twice as long as the calyx

placentas biovulate.
it

(G. Don.)
is

Description, &c.

The beauty of this species depends entirely on thd manner in which

much
too
;

trained, as the

stems, though thick Jind rather coarse-looking, are

weak to support
is

themselves.

The
is

flowers are purple,

and are very pretty when they are displayed to advantage

the calyx

curiously shaped, and

lengthened out into

large appendages, something like those that distinguish the genus

Malope from the genus Malva.

The

leaves are

very strongly marked

they are somewhat arrow-shaped, and deeply lobed, the lobes pointing towards the stems
This species
is

they are also ear-shaped at the base.

a native of California, where

it

was discovered and

sent

home by Douglas

in 1831,

and

as it seeds freely it is

now common

in the seed-shops.

The

seeds should be sown,

as soon as they are ripe, in order that they

may stand

the winter, or in January or February, as the

young

plants
to

are quite hardy

and bear cold better than they do heat.

When

they come up they should be thinned out

three or four in each patch, and a slight frame formed of three painted sticks, placed in the centre, or over tliem,
to

which the stems

may

be

tied.

Sometimes only one plant

is left,

and

this is trained to a

pyramidal ladder-like

'/.0'^''!'/<V7

,i//,IJ//J,

,J

,/rti;

c/ay

aA'TruiyUa/

J,

ci^y^eay /i^am<:<>M/

6 JmcdiUa/^^,tiiu.ca/

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
frame,

gj^

made

of slender strips of laths.

Of

course, the

manner
:

of training
all

may

vary according to
is

taste

and

tlie

plant looks very well nailed against a wall or

it

wooden paling

that

is

necessary

to give it

some support, as

not only never flowers well

if it is sufifered

to lie on the ground, but the stems,

which are very succulent, soon

become rotten and decay.

When

well trained, and

grown

in a moist

shady

situation, the flowers will not only

be large and beautiful, but will be produced in greater abundance and for a
the case with the Califomian annuals.

much

longer period than

is

generally

aNEMOPHILA
Engratings. Dot. Reg.
Flow. G.ird. 2nd
Bot. vol.
iii.

INSIGNIS, Doug.
3485
;

THE SHOWY NEMOPHILA.

Specific Character.

t.

1713

Bot. Mag.

t.

Swt. Brit.

Petioles witliout appendages

corolla twico

scr., t.
;

329; Bot. Card. No. 635

2, in Plato 37.

Paxt. Mag. of

as long as the calyx

placentas 10 to 12-ovulate

(G. Don.)

p.

1,51

and owfig.

Description,
flov,-er.

&c. It

is

not possible to imagine a more beautiful blue than

;

is

displayed in this lovely

it

little

It is like the finest ultra-marine, softened in the centre into white

and a bed of

has a most beautiful

effect in

a geometrical flower-garden, where the beds are designed each to present a rich mass of colour, and to

be strongly contrasted with each other.

In such a garden, where the

bed
;

scarlet is represented

by the V&rhena

Melindres pegged
nyctaginiflora
;

down

so as to cover the

the purple

by the Petunia phcenkea ; the white by Petunia

and the yellow by Lasthenia glahrata or califomica, the blue

may

be

filled

with equal

efifect

by
it,

the NemopJiila insignis ;

will present
is

and such a garden, well kept

(like that at

Dropmore), with a bright sun shining on

In
all

a blaze of beauty almost too dazzling for the eye to rest on.
its
it

gardens, however, this Nemophila

it

exceedingly valuable for the extraordinary beauty of

It
is

flowers

and, accordingly,

has become an almost

universal favourite.
as this plant

a native of California, where

its

was found by Douglas

some

in 1832.

Common, however,
it is

now

is,

and easy as

culture appears, there are

difficulties in it

which

necessary to

guard against.

The name

of the genus Nemophila, which signifies literally a lover of the woods, seems to point
all

out the kind of situation in which

the species should be placed

but at the same time,

it is

found by experience,
is,

that in a very dark and shaded situation they will not long continue to thrive.

The

fact

that the blossoms

do not expand well unless they have plenty of

light,

though the roots of

all

the Nemophilas being very weak,

if

and their stems just at the collar very slender, the plants are easily destroyed
to

these tender parts are ever sufifered

become too dry.

it,

few

hours"' bright
it

sunshine on the collar of a plant of Nemophila insignis will be sufficient

be, as the roots will witlier as soon as
it

to kill

however large and thriving

is

may

they become thoroughly dry,

and there

not vigour enough in the collar to enable

insignis,

to

throw out

fresh roots.

Thus many persons who have

full

grown the Nemophila

have been surprised to find their plants die while yet

of buds, and before they

have ripened a single seed; and that this death has taken place suddenly, and vyithout any apparent cause.
Fresh seeds have been procured and sown, they have rapidly germinated, and, in a month or six weeks, have

produced flowers, which have continued for a long time in beauty, and been followed by a succession of others,
even to the middle of winter.

The reason

for this apparent contradiction exists in the greater

;

power

of the sun

on the roots of the early flowering plants

while those of the second sowing, not coming to perfection before

autumn, were

less likely to

be injured by the drought and heat.

Notwithstanding the necessity which thus

it

evidently exists for keeping the roots of the

that the flowers require sun, but that too

Nemophilas moist and in the shade,

must be observed, not only

is

much moisture
oft".

at the roots, without proper drainage,

apt to
is

make make

the collar rot, in

which case the plants damp

The

best

way

of guarding against both evils

to

218
several sowings of the

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

Nemophila throughout the year, so that there may be spring-flowering, summer-flowering,

plants.

and autumn-flowering

For the

first

of these,

Nemophila

insignis succeeds exceedingly well treated like

It

the other Californian annuals, as directed under the head of Leptosiphon (see p. 156).

would

also probably

succeed admirably, grown singly in a pot and frequently shifted, as directed for Rhodanthe Mangledi (see p. 199)

and

for the

summer-flowering plants care must be taken to peg down the stems, so that they and the leaves
collar,

may

always cover the

and to prevent the earth about the roots from ever becoming quite dry.

4. NEMOPHILA ATOMARIA,
Enoratings.
t.

Fisch. et Meyer.
sor.,

THE SPECKLED NEMOPHILA.

;

Bot. Reg.

1940;

Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. 2nd

;

almost entire

peduncles axillary, elongated,

corolla rotate, with a

376

Paxt. Mag. of Bot. vol. v. p. 99

and

om fig.

4, in Plate 37.
;

very pilose bottom, and obovate segments; placentas about 10-ovulate;

seeds strophiolatc, smootli.

Specific Character

Leaves opposite, pinnatifid

lobes

to 9,

(G.

Don.)
is

Description, &c.

This

species closely resembles

iV. insignis,

except in the colour of the flower, which

white, dotted or speckled with very small purple spots,

distance to be black.

which are so dark that they appear

at a little of it

N. atomaria

is

a native of the Russian colony of Ross in

St.

New
all

California,

and seeds
it

were sent to England from the botanic garden at

Petersburgh in 1836.
soil
;

Like

the Nemophilas,
its

requires

a shady situation, and to be grown in peat or some other very light

the same as that of

and indeed

culture

may

be exactly

N.

insignia.

OTHER SPECIES OF NEMOPHILA.

N.

MACULATA,

Bentk.

out fig. 6,

in Plate 37.

The

flowers are whitish, with a deep violet blotch in each lobe of the corolla.
1

The

species is a native of the

it

North-west coast of America, and was introduced in

California.

848 by

JMr,

Hartweg, who found

in great

abundance

in

N. DISCOIDALIS, Hort.;

ouifig. 5, io Plate 37.

This species
its

is

said to

have been

first

observed in the nuraery of Messrs. Rollisson, at Tooting, about 1840, but

origin is

unknown.

GENUS
EUTOCA,
Lin. Syst.

IIL

R. Br.

THE EUTOCA.
Capsule half 2-ceUed. (G. Don.)

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Placentas linear, 4, or many-ovulate.

Gknbkic Cbaiucter. Corolla deciduous, ovarium

pilose.

1. EUTOCA VISCIDA, Benth.

SvHONY>,z.-E.viseosa,/?ooi.

THE CLAMMY EUTOCA.

Spec.f.c

Knoravincs. Bot. Reg. t. 1808 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3572 Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. 2nd ser., t. 3fi8 Bot. Gard. No. 569 and our fig. 2, "^
;
; ;

CAKACTER.-Clothed with clammy

pilli

stem
;

erect,

branched

leaves cordate-ovate, a little angular, serrated

racemes

in Plate 87*.

elongated, forked and simple; placenUs many-ovulate.

(G. Don.)
which, as

Description,

&c. An

upright coarse-growing plant, with flowers of a most vivid and intensely dark blue.

The

leaves are coarse and of a dull green,

and the whole plant

is

entirely covered with

clammy

hairs,

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
Dr. Lindley observes in the Bot. Reg., have "
fingers like those of the
little

219
with a viscid secretion, and stick to the

black heads

filled

Henbane;

these are so crowded about the pedicels as to give

them

quite a sootv
of no plant
after

appearance."

With regard

to the flowers, Dr. Lindley observes in the

;

same place that he knows "

for

bettor adajjted for bouquets

for it will

go on growing and flowering in water

it

two or three weeks

in

being

gathered."

This species

is

a native of California, where

was found by Douglas, and introduced

1834.

The

seeds should be
flowers.

sown

in very poor gravelly or

sandy

soil,

to prevent the plants from producing

care.

more leaves than

The plants

are quite hardy,

and require no other

2. EUTOCA FRANKLINII. R. Br.

Engravings.
Specific Chihacter.

CAPTAIN FRANKLIN'S EUTOCA.

;

Erect

Bot. Mag.

t.

2985

and

o\ii Jiff. 4, in

Plate 37*.
to each placenta.

leaves pinpatifid, or bipinnatifid; ovula

20 or more

(G.

Don.)

Description, &c.
leaves,

This

species has small pale blue flowers, produced in racemes, arising from the axils of the

and a good deal resembling those of a Polemonhim.

The

flowers themselves, though small, are pretty,

from the bright clear blue of the corolla contrasting strongly with the golden hue of the anthers.
the plant
It is
is

The stem

of

erect,

and rather

stiff,

having scarcely any branches, and the root

J.

is

fusiform with very few fibres.

its

a very interesting plant. Sir

first

W.

Hooker

observes in the Bot. Mag., from

having been " discovered by

Dr. Richardson during the

destroyed
the Great

over-land arctic expedition, growing abundantly amongst trees that had been

by

fire,

on the banks of the Mississippi," and also

to the
it

by Mr. Drummond, "

in 1827, but

in burnt woods, extending from

fear
it

Rapid

Rocky Mountains."
are

It

was introduced

we

is

lost,

as

we do

not

know where

seeds of

now

to be procured.

3.EUTOCA DIVARICATA,
Specific Character.

Benth.

THE SPREADING EUTOCA.

Reg.
t.

Engriving. Bot.

1784.
;

Stems

dicliotomously divaricate
little
it

leaves all orate, undivided

placentas 12

20-ovulate.

(Benih.)

Description, &c.
It has a

A very pretty
It is

plant, with bright violet flowers softening into white in the centre.

decumbent spreading stem, but

will not bear pegging

down

so as to cover a bed, on account of the

brittleness of its stems.

a native of California, and was introduced in 1835.

4. EUTOCA MENZIESII, R. Br.

Synonymes

MR. MENZIES' EUTOCA.

Specific Character.

E. multiflora,

Doug.; E.

congcsta,

Lehm.
2nd
ser.,

Erect,
trifid,

hispid; leaves linear, or lanceolate,

;

Engravings. Bot. Reg. t. 1180; Swt. t 334 and out fig. 3, in Plate 37*.
;

Brit. Flow. Gard.

quite entire, sometimes

| !

or pinnatifid

placentas 20, or

many-

ovuhite.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
Eutocas,
it

very beautiful species, with a profusion of violet-coloured flowers.

;

Like

all

the

produces a great quantity of seeds

the name of Eutoca signifying

fruitful,

and that circumstance

constituting the chief botanical difi'erence

between the genera Eutoca and Nemophila.

E. Menziesii was found

;

by Douglas on the banks by Dr. Brown

in

of the Columbia,

growing in open

situations, fully

exposed to the sun

It

and

it

was named
in 1826. in

compliment to our much

esteemed friend Archibald Menzies, Esq.

was introduced
soil,

Seeds of this species are

common

in the seed-shops,

and they only require sowing in a dry sandy

stiff soil,

and
soil

an
tlie

open situation exposed to the sun.

As
is

the Eutocas do not thrive in

whenever the natural

of

garden in which they are to be sown

of that nature, a barrowful of sand should be procured,

and

a pit

dug

in

ff2

2a0

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

filled

the border about a foot in diameter, and to the same depth, which should be

with sand, mixed with a small

This should

proportion of the

common

soil

of the garden,
is

and in which the seeds of the Eutoca should be sown.

required
is
;

be done wherever a patch of these flowers

every patch of Nemophilas.
this circumstance,

and a

similar hole should be

dug and

filled

with peat

for

Eutoca Menziesii

of a compact and

somewhat dwarf habit

of growth, and from

and the profusion of

its flowers, it is

well adapted to form a mass of colour in one of the beds

of

a regular flower-garden.

6.EUTOCA WRANGELIANA,
FiJGRATiNGs.

Fisch. et Meyer.
I

BARON WRANGEL'S EUTOCA.

Corollas about twice as long as the calyx, and about equal in

Snt.

Brit.

Flow. Gard.
;

2nd

Ser.,

t.

362; Paxt.

entire.

Mag. of Bot.,

Tol. 5, p.

199

and

Specific Character.

om fig.
downy.

1, in Plate

37*.
!

length to the stamens.

Placentas 8

10-ovulate.

(G. Don.)

Diffuse,

Leaves ovate, acute, quite

Description, &c.
of growth.

A very handsome
It

sp?cies,

with dark purplish blus flowers, and a dwarf compact habit

It is a native of the

Russian colony of Ross in

New

California,

and seeds were sent

to this country

from

St.

Petersburg in 1836.

was named by Fischer and Meyer,

in exploring the
is

in honour of a Swedish nobleman,

who

was employed by the Russian government

North West coast of North America.

Seeds are

common

in tlie seed-shops,

and the culture

it

the same as that of the other Californian annuals (see p. 156.)

When sown

in the open border,

will

grow

well in

any common garden

soil.

OTHER SPECIES OF EUTOCA.

E.

DOUGLASSII,

Benth.

The

leaves

grow nearly

all

near the root, and the flower-stalks ascend nearly naked, with a cluster of flowers

at the top.

The

flowers are of the

same

size

and colour as those of Nemophila

insignis.

A native

of California,

not yet introduced.

E.

CUMINGII, Benth

Has

small flowers, and

is

a native of the Andes of Chili.

E.

BRACK YLOBA,

Benth.
its

This

is

probably the same species as E. Cumingii, modified by

Neither of these species
is

being a native of a colder climate, as

it

was

found wild in California by Douglas.

introduced.

E.

PARVIFLORA,

R. Br.

PHACELIA PARVIFLORA, Pursh ; POLEMONIUM DUBIUM.

;

Vp-illd.

The
in 1826.

flowers are small, and of a pale blue

and the plant, which

is

a native of Pennsylvania, was introduced

E.

MEXICANA,

Benth.

Resembles E. parviflora, but has larger flowers.

A native

of Mexico, not introduced.

E.

GRAKDIFLORA,

Benth.

Flowers an inch and a half in diameter; leaves largo and wrinkled.

found by Douglas.
Introduced in 1838
;

native of California, where

it

was

there are seeds at Charlwood's.

c/Aiice^/VMUjfrUa.'-.

ii.

U^a-otda/

&(Mia^<:iJ

'

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
PHACELIOIDES,

221

B,

Benih.

Closely resembling a species of Phacelia.

E.

A native of California.
LOAS^FOLIA,
Benth.

Erect,

and with almost the habit

of a Phacelia.

Every part

of the plant is covered with long stiff hairs

it

intermixed with

clammy down.

It is a native of California,

where

was discovered by Douglas.

GENUS
PHACELIA,
Lin. Syst.

IV.

Juss.

THE PHACELIA.
Capsule falsely two-celled.

PENTANDEIA MONOGYNIA.
pilose.

Qemkiuc Chiiucter.

Corolla dbciduoas.

Ovarium

Placentae linear, 2-oyulate.

(G.

Don.)

Description, &c.

The

difference

between

this

genus and Eutoca

is

very slight

and

it

consists principally
signifies a fascicle.

in the greater quantity of seeds contained in the capsule of the Eutocas.

The name PhaceUa

or bundle,

and

it

was given

to the genus in reference to the flowers being produced in fascicles.

1. PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA,
Engravinos
Bot. Reg.
t. t.

Benth.

THE TANSY-LEAVED PHACELIA.

bipinnatifid.

1696

Bot. Mag.

t.

3703

Swt. Brit.

Leaves

Leailets oblong, dentately pinnatiBd.

Calycino

Plow. Card. 2nd Ser.

360

Specific Character.

Clothed with scabrous

and out fig. 3,

in Plate

38.

segments oblong-linear, hispid.

Stamens exserted.

(G. Don)

pubescence or hispid.

Description, &c.
flowers

The appearance

of this plant

is

very remarkable from the bundles or rather strings of

it is
is

which appear to have been just unrolled, the long black hairs with which every part of

covered,

and

the Etamens which project far

beyond the
it

corollas of the flowers.

for the first
;

Indeed, though the plant

it.

by no means
flowers are of
It is

remarkable for

its

beauty, few persons see

time without being struck with

The

a pale purple or
quite hardy,

violet,

and are pretty

in themselves

but the whole plant has a coarse and weedy aspect.

and

will thrive in

any

soil

and situation ;

and as the stem

is

is

sufiiciently strong to

keep

it

erect, it

requures no care but sowing.

slight variety of this species

sometimes called P. Ujnnnatifida in the nurseries.

2.PHACELIA CONGESTA, Hook.

EHGRAVINOS.-Apot. Mag.
8er.
t. t.

THE CROWDED-FLOWERED PHACELIA.

bristly hairs.

3452
;

Swt. Brit.

Flow. Gard., 2nd

Leaves
;

bipinnatifid.

Segments ovate-oblong, acute,

327

Bot. Gard.

t.

632

and

SpEciric Character.

Clothed
it

om fig.

2, in Plate 38.

deeply serrated
exserted.

calycine segments linear-lanceolate, acute.

Stamens

with hairy down, intermixed with

(G. Don.)
It is a native of Texas, in

Description, &c.
in

A pretty plant with

P.

pale blue flowers, and almost trifid leaves.

;

Mexico, whence

was sent home by Drummond

it is

however quite hardy, and will grow

any

soil

and

situation.

VINIFOLIA,

Paxt. Mag. of Bot. vol.

t. p.

121
is

and oxafig.

1, in

Plate 38.

This plant appears very nearly allied to P. congesta, and

specific

probably only a variety of that species.

The
raised

name should probably have been

Vitifolia, signifying Vine-leaved.

first

The

seed from which

it

was

was sent by

Drummond

from Texas

and the plant was

raised in the Manchester Bot. Gard.

222

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

BORAGINACE^.
Essential Chabacter.
monopetalous, usually
5,

Calyx

usually 5-parled, persistent.

Corolla

Herbs or shrubs,
leaves,

h.irsli

from

asperities,

with

alternate
in

exstipuUte

5-cleft, imbricato in eestivation.

Stamens usually

and having the flowers generally disposed

one sided spikes or

Fruit of four distinct or combined achenia.

Albumen

none.

racemes, seldom in panicles or corymbs.

(G. Don.)

GENUS
CERINTHE,
Lin. Spsl.

I.

Tourn.

HONEYWORT.
spirally twisted at the base.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Anthers hastate, connected, having the lobes
base.

Generic Character.

Corolla tubular

throat naked.

Nuts

2,

2-celled, or 4,

combined by twos, imperforated at the

(G. Don.)
Corollas ventricose at top, 5-toothed.

1. CERINTHE MAJOR, Lin.

SvNONVMES.
Engravings.
Specific

THE GREATER HONEYWORT

denticulately ciliated.

Bot. Mag 333 and our^^. Plate 38. Leaves Character, Stm branched.
C. glabra. Mill.
t.

C. glauca,

Mwnch.
5, in

Teeth

very short, acuminated, reflexed.

(G.

Don.)

cordate-ovate,

Description, &c.

plant, the flowers of

which are more curious than beautiful

signifies

but they are said to

abound

in honey,

and hence the English name Cerinthe

;

Wax-flower.

The

species is a native of the

it,

south of Europe and Barbary

Cerinthe."
It

and

it

was formerly

so

common

in Italy, that Virgil calls

in
all

" that ignoble weed

is

was introduced

in 1596.

Seeds are

common

the seed-shops, and no particular care

required either in sowing them, or in the after culture of the plant.

OTHER SPECIES OF CERINTHEC.

ASPERA,

Roth.

This species

is

distinguished

by
It

its

leaves being rough with white warts.

The

corollas are long,

and yellow,

with a brownish purple tube.

is

a native of the south of Europe, and

C.

was introduced

in 1633.

RETORTA,

Smith.

This species has

its leaves beset

with white warts on both surfaces.

are small, with a

It

is

a native of the Peloponnesus, and

was introduced

in 1825.

The flowers

yeUow

tube and a violet-coloured limb.

There are two

other annual species, C. purpurea and C. alpina, but they have not been introduced.

GENUS
ECHIUM,
Lin. Syat.

II.

Pliny.

VIPER'S BUGLOSS.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Segments of the limb
in

Generic Character.

Corolla funnel-shaped.

Throat wide, naked.

gigartoid, scabrous.

many

species

unequal.

Nuts turbinate,

(G. Don.)
colour,

Description, &c.

All the

species

have showy flowers, somewhat variable in

and frequently changing

is

from blue to pink, like the different kinds of Bugloss (Anchusa).

The name

of

Echium

derived from echis,

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUAIA
a viper
;

223
head of that
reptile,

and the seeds of the plant are not only supposed

to resemble the

but the juice of

any plant of the genus was formerly thought a certain cure

for a viper's bite.

1.ECHIUM AUSTRALE, Lam.

Synonymks.
macranthnm,

THE SOUTHERN
;

VIPER'S BUGLOSS.

E.

diffusum,
et

Smith

E. grandiflorum, Desf.
101

E.

Specific

Character.

Stem

herbaceousj

pilose.

Leaves ovate,

Ram.

Schullz.
t.
;

attenuated at both ends.

Corollas equalling the stamens, which arc

Engbavinos
Plate
.38.

Swt. Brit. Flow. Card.

and our

fig.

6, in

villous at the apex.

(G. Don.)
with numerous stems, rising from
j

Description, &c.

This plant grows about a

make
The

foot or eighteen inches high,

the same root, so as to

the plant spread widely.

The

leaves are ovate, tapering at both ends

side,

and with
is

the upper side covered with small white tubercles, while the under

which

is

strongly veined,

clothed

with small rigid hairs.

flower-stalks have the flowers all on one side,

and lengthen
it

as the flowers expand.

The flower

is large,

tubular, and of a reddish purple, changing to blue as

fades, strongly ribbed,

and hairy.

The stamens
is

are shorter than the tube of the flower, but the style, which

is red,

projects

beyond
it

it.

This species

a native of the south of Europe, and was introduced in 1824, but modifications of

under different names

have been introduced at various periods.

The

seeds

may

be procured at Charlwood's, and other seed-shops, and

;

they should be sown in patches of only a few seeds together, in March or April
they come up so as not to leave more than three in a patch, and these
one
;

thinning the plants out

when

may

be afterwards again thinned out to

for this
is,

or rather, the three

may

be taken up and spread widely apart.

;

The reason
left

that

when the

plants are allowed room, they will spread widely in all directions

but when

near together, they become

drawn up and

straggling.

All the Echiums should be grown in a

warm

dry border, open to the sun.

E. grandi-

florum, Desf., appears to be the same as this species.

2.ECHIUM VIOLACEUM,
Synonymes.

Lin.

THE VIOLET-COLOURED
oblong
hispid
;

VIPER'S BUGLOSS.
at

E. creticum, Lam.y not

Stem

of Lin.

E. iloribundum,

upper ones lanceolate, cordate

strigfle
;

the base,
;

stem-clasping,

Leh.

E. plant<igineum, Lin.
herbaceous, branched
;

from

spikelets simple, elongated

is irregular.

stamens about equal

Specific Character.

lower leaves

in length to the corolla, which

(G. Don.)
is,

Description, &c.

The

principal apparent difference between this species and E. amtrale

:

that the flowers

are blue with a tinge of violet, instead of reddish

is,

there

is,

however, another rather important difference, which

this species will not bear transplanting, except

that the root of E. violaceum

It
is

is

fusiform,

and that consequently

when very young.

a native of the south of Europe, and was introduced

in 1658.

The

culture

is

the same as for

E. amtrale, except that three plants

feet

may be

left in

a patch together
Seeds

and

that, as

they grow from one foot to two

high, they look best tied to slender stakes.

differs

may

be had at Charlwood's, and other seed-shops.

E. plantagineum
purple,

very

little

from this species, except in the colour of the flowers, which are either white or

and always reddish before they expand.

The

flowers of E. Jloribundum are blue, and the plant

is

native of

North America.

OTHER SPECIES OF ECHIUM.

E.

MARITIMUM,

WiUd.

Flowers blue.

A native of the shores of the Mediterranean.

Introduced in 1815.

224

THE LADIES' FT.OWER-GARDEN

E.

TENUE,

lioth.

Flowers small, and of a

fine blue, reticulately veined.

A native

of Barbary.

Introduced in 1824.

E.

PARVIFLORUM, Manch.
Tubercles on the leaves white, and hairy.

Root

fibrous.

Stems many, and procumbent.

Flowers blue,

native of the shores of the Mediterranean.

Introduced in 1798.

GENUS
NONEA,
Lin. Syst.

III.

M<ench.

THE ALKANETtube straight

throat bearded.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
;

GEsmic

Chjracter.

Calyx

at length mflated.

Corolla fuimcl-shaped

Stamens

inclosed.

Stigma simple.

Nuts with

parallel stripes.

(G. Don.)
flat

Description, &c.

The

species

now

included in the genus Nonea were removed from the genus Anchusa
or salver-shaped

because their flowers are tube-shaped like the Convolvulus, while those of the Anchtisa are
as is

shown

in ova Jiff. 6, in Plate 37,* of

Anchusa

italica.

].NONEA VERSICOLOR,
Synonymbs.

Sv>t.

THE CHANGEABLE-COLOURED ALKANET.

I

Anchusa

versicolor, iy/^0.
t.

Lycopsis rosea, BeicA.

5, in Plate 37.*

Specific Character.

Engraving

Bot. Mag.

3477; and OUT Jig.

obtuse; corollas equal.

or (G. Don.)
Pilose

strigosc

stems prostrate; leaves

Description, &c.
undergo.

The

flowers of this plant are remarkable for the striking changes of colour that they

They

are red in the

bud

then they turn to reddish-purple

when they

first

expand ; and afterwards

to

a bright blue with a yellow eye, like a small convolvulus, which indeed the shape of the flower greatly resembles.

The
the
will

plant

is

a native of Caucasus, and was introduced in 1820.

Seeds

may be

purchased in the seed-shops under

as they are so hardy that they

name
grow

of
in

Anchusa

versicolor,

and they

may be sown

in

any common garden

soil,

any

soil

and

situation.

OTHER SPECIES OF NONEA.

There are several other annual
of
species,

with pink, yellow, white, very dark purple, and striped flowers,
in British gardens.

all

which are said to have been introduced, but none of them are common
:

The most remark-

able are

N. picta, with blue

N.
ciliata,

flowers,

marked

vnih.

dark blue veins

a procumbent plant, introduced in J800

from Siberia.

a native of the Levant, introduced in 1804, and having dark yellow flowers.

N.

rosea,

a procumbent plant, with rose-coloured flowers, introduced from Siberia in 1823.

purple flowers, having a yellowish tube
;

N. decumhens, with very dark

;

a native of the south of Europe, introduced in 1686

;

and N.

lutea,

native of France, with pale yellow flowers

introduced in 1805.

.i'v^frMMj ^.^r,M.cKmu-

Z ^..Hatota.^-^.T

t^^aM^r.^a-riA

-lOui-ra^j^'' .i^m^t/urlgn^

\ .V.''U^''-(?*wi'-nt.;Z*'!^'^<r'.?^'.v

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

225

CHAPTER XXXIX.

LABIATE.
Essential Character.

Calyx

persistent,

5-cleft, or five to ten-

Fruit of 4 or fewer distinct achcnia.

Albumen

usually

vanting

toothed, regular or bilabiate.

bilabiate limb.
sterile,

Corolla monopetalous, tubular, with a

Leaves opposite, and exstipulate.

capitate,

Flowers opposite,
axillary

verticillate, or

Stamens 4, didynamous, two of which are sometimes

the sinuses of the lower
lip.

or

spicate

racemose or solitary;

or terminal.

inserted under

Stigma

bifid.

(G. Don.)

GENUS
SALVIA,
Lin. Syst.

I.

Lin.

THE SAGE.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
the insertion, and naked or bearing a cell behind.

Generic Character.

Connective drawn out under

Pavon

(G. Don.)
calyx ovate, pubeslip ovate, acute
;

1. SALVIA FOLIOSA,
Synonymes.
Engravings
Specific

Benth.

THE LEAFY
;

SAGE.
;

S.

rhombifolia,

Ruiz
;

et

S, pilosa,

Vahl.

few-flowered

whorls about 6-flowerecI, remote

Bot. Reg.

Charactir

Stem

t.

1429

and out fig.

5, in Plate 39.

cent, the upper lip entire,

and the teeth of the lower

the calyx
; ;

herbaceous, erect, branched, pubescent;

subcordate st
;

corolla half as long again as

tube enclosed, ventricoae

style glabrous.

leaves petiolate,

broad-ovate, or rhomboid,

the base,

middle lobe of the lower

lip

emarginate

(G. Don,)
sent to
species
if

pubescent;

floral leaves

ovate-lanceolate, deciduous

racemes simple,
it

Description, &c.

rather pretty plant with blue flowers, a native of Mexico, whence

was

England

in

1830 by Mr. Graham, to

It
is

whom we

are also indebted for Salvia fulgens^ and other

handsome

of the genus.

quite hardy,

and requires no other culture than sowing, and thinning out the plants

they

should come up too thickly.

"We do not know where seeds can be obtained.

2.-.SALVIA
Stnohymes
H.
coloratura,

HORMINUM,

Lin,

THE PURrLE-TOPPED CLARY.

rather than longer than the calyxes
dilated, coloured, comose.
;

S.

colorata,

Thore

Horminum

sativum, Mill.;

uppermost ones membranaceously

Variety.

Mcench. S. H. 2. rubra,

Racemes simple.
in the

Whorls
mature

distant,
state,

about
pli-

the red-topped Clary.

erect, villous.

6-ilowered.

Calyx pubescent, reflexed

;

and

Specie:c Character.

Stem
;

Leaves petiolate, oval;

cately striated

teeth of the lower lip lanceolate, acute.

Corolla one-

oblong, rounded at the base, or cuneated, obtuse, crenated, villous

superior ones ovate-cordate
floral leaves

half longer than the calyx, with an enclosed tube,

(G. Don.)

very broad, acute, permanent,

Description, &c.

These plants

are cultivated not for their flowers, but for the vivid colour of their bracteas,

which
are

in the species are of a bright purple,

and in the variety, pink.

The

flowers are quite insignificant.

Seeds

common

in the seed-shops,

and when once sown, the plants require no

after culture.

OTHER ANNUAL SPECIES OF SALVIA.

S.

VIRIDIS, Lin.
its

This species closely resembles the purple and red-topped Clary, except that
green.
places,

bracteas are of a vivid light

The

flowers are small and blue.

It is a native of the shores of the Mediterranean, in dry, gravelly

and was introduced in 1759.

S.

LANCEOLATA,
;

Willd.

A
duced

native of Mexico, vdth narrow leaves and blue flowers

introduced in 1813.
intro-

There are several other species marked as annuals in botanical books, but most of them have not been
;

the others are, properly speaking, biennials, as they never flower

till

the second year after sowing.

o o

226

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS

II.

DRACOCEPHALUM,
Lin. Syst.
Generic CHAaiCTkiu

Lin.

THE DRAGON'S HEAD.

is

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
upper tooth
large, or the bracteas are ciUately toothed.

Calyx

bilabiate, or the

(G. Don.)
almost quite
entire,
all

1.DRACOCEPHALUM CANESCENS,
Synonyme.
Plate 39.

Lin.

THE WOOLLY-LEAVED DRAGON'S HEAD.

deeply crenated
;

Zomia

canescenB,
Brit.

Mcench.
t.

floral

ones

lanceolate,

EsGiiiviNGs.

Swt.

Flow. Card.

38

and our fig.

3, in

canescent from fine tomentum.

Whorls
Bracteas

distinct, disposed

in

long

racemes,

usually

6-flowered.

ovate-cuneated,

aristately-

Specific Character

Stem

erectieh, branched, clothed

with Udo

tootbed.

Calyx hoary, having tho upper tooth ovate, and the lower
Corolla twice as long as the calyx.

hoary tomeatum.

Leaves

petiolate,

lower ones ovate or oblong, rather

one lanceolate.

((?.

Don.)

Description, &c.
tion.

A
The

very showy, vigorous-growing plant, about two feet high, and spreading in propor-

The

leaves are white, from the

down with which they

The

are clothed
species
is

and the

flowers,

which are of a very

it

dark purplish blue, are produced in great abundance.

introduced in 1711seeds should be

a native of the Levant, whence

plants,

was

sown

early in March,

and the

when they come

up, should be

transplanted so as to stand singly, as they require a great deal of room.

OTHER SPECIES OF DEACOCEPHALUM.

D.

MOLDAVICUM,

Lin.;

MOLDAVICA PUNCTATA,

Mamch.

This species, which

a very strong smell.

is

generally called Moldavian halm in British gardens, has either blue or white flowers, and

It is a native of eastern Siberia,

and

it

was introduced before 1596.

D.

NUTANS,
it

Willd.; and our Jig. 4, in Plate 39.

This species
white,

is

a native of Siberia, whence

was introduced

in 1823.

There are two

varieties

one with

and the other with flesh-coloured flowers.

GENUS
PHYSOSTEGIA,
Lin. Syst.

III.

Benth.

THE PHYSOSTEGIA.
Corolla

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
much
exserted, with an ample throat.

Granaic Chakictbr.

Calyx

obsoorely veined, inflated after florescence.

(G. Ion.)

PHYSOSTEGIA TRUNCATA,
Engravings.
Specific Character.

Benth.
t.

THE BLUNT-CALYXED PHYSOSTEGIA.

3494; and out fig.
1, in Plate

Calyx

Bot Mag.

39.

truncate, obscurely 3

5-lobed.

Lobes very broad, denticulated.

feet high,

(Benlh.)

Description, &c.

A very showy

plant,

growing nearly two

and producing several spikes

it

of its
in

very elegant and delicately-marked flowers.

It is a native of Texas,

where

was found by Drummond

it

1834, and seeds sent to the Glasgow Botanic Garden.

Though

at first supposed to be a perennial,

proves to

be decidedly an annual, and only requires the same culture as the annual kinds of Dracocephalum.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUAIA

227

GENUS

IV,

MOLUCELLA,
Lin. Sysl.
GnHFRic Character.

Lin.

MOLUCCA BALM.
or spines.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

Limb

of calyx ample, oblique, with 5

10 mucrones
I

Filaments naked at the base.

(G. Don.)

1. MOLUCELLA LEVIS,
Synonyme

Lin.

THE SMOOTH MOLUCCA BALM.

Specific Character.

is

Molucella

levis,
t.

Riv.

Engrating.

Limb

of caljx large, membranaceons, sub-

Bot, Mag.

1852.

pentagonal, with 5 very short mucrones or teeth.

(G. Don.)
;

Description, &c.
each calyx

The pretty pink and

England

-white flowers appear seated in their large calyxes

and underneath

a singular whorl of spiny bractess.

cultivated in
in 1570,
it

The whole
by L' Obel,

plant has a strong smell.

It

is

a native of Syria,

and

it

was

first

botanist to

James

I.

It requires to be

sown on a

hotbed, and planted out in

May, when

will flower in

July or August.

2. MOLUCELLA SPINOSA,
Synonymes.

Lin.

THE SPINY MOLUCCA BALM.

SpECinc Character.
biato,

M.

armata,

Sieb. j

Chasmonia

incisa,

Presl;

Molucca spinosa, Moench.

with 8 spines.

Limb (G. Don.)

of calyx short,

coriaceous, sulhbila*'

Engravinq. Bot. Reg.

t.

1244.

Description, &c.

very coarse-growing plant, with a square stem, and white gaping flowers, with

curiously cut, thorn-like calyxes.

spines.

The

leaves are on long footstalks, and they are deeply cut, and covered with
]

It is

a native of the shores of the Mediterranean, and was introduced in

It
is

596.

It has, however,
air.

been

lost and re- introduced several times.

quite hardy, and only requires sowing in the open

We

do not

know where

seeds of this species are to be obtained.

GENUS

V.

AMETHYSTEA,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE AMETHYSTEA.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

Superior stamens abortive.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

This genus

difiers

very slightly from that of Teucrium, the Germander.

AMETHYSTEA CERULEA,
Engratings.
Specific Character.

Lin.

THE BLUE AMETHYSTEA.

cled, loose, racemosely pauicled.

Bot. Mag. 2448 Herb

t.

and our ^.

2, in Plate 39.

Bracteas minute.
teeth.

Calyxes
Corolla

erect.

erect, branched, glabrous, often bluish.

bluish, quite glabrous, with lanceolate, acute

blue,

Leaves petiolate, 3
toothed
;

5-parted;

segments oblong-lanceolate,
;

deeply

scarcely exceeding the calyx.

{^G.

Don.)

floral leaves

smaller

upper ones minute.

is

Cymes pedun;

Description, &c.

The stem

square and purplish, growing from one foot to two feet high
;

the leaves are

three-parted and on channelled footstalks

plant
is

the flowers are small, blue, and in leafy corymbs

and the whole

soil

very fragrant.

It is a native of Siberia, introduced in 1759,

all

and quite hardy, growing well in any

is

or situation.

Seeds are in

the seed-shops
it

and the only care necessary

to transplant the

young pknto

while in the seed-leaf, as they will not bear

afterwards.

G G 2

228

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

CHAPTER

XL.

PEDALINE^.
Essential Charicter. Calyx S-parted. Corolk bilabiate. Stamens
4,
j

spurious cells.

Seeds pendulous.

Albumen none.

Erect branched

didynamous.

OTarium surrounded by a glandular

drupaceous,
dry,

disk.

Stigma

herbs with opposite leaves, and axillary, solitary, bibracteate flowers.

undivided.

Fruit

usually muricatcd,

of several

(G. Don.)

Description,

&c

All the plants in this order are remarkable for the oiliness of their seeds.

The Indian
it.

grain Sesame mentioned in the story of the Forty Thieves in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments belongs to

The

order takes

its

name from the genus Pedalium (Pedalion

fruit.

signifying the rudder of a ship), in reference to

the dilated angles of the

GENUS

I.

MARTYNIA,
Lin.
Si/st.

Houst.

THE MARTYNIA.
the anterior horn sulcately-toothed, containing a 4-celled nut

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
;

Generic Character.

Drupe

oblong, bicomute at the apex

cells few-seeded.

(G. Don.)
and the spedes are

Description, &c.

The

genus Martynia, which was named by Houston in honour of Professor Martyn,

is

editor of Miller's Dictionary, &c.,

nearly allied to the genera Bignonia and Tecoma;

capsules,

remarkable

for their

showy

flowers,

homy

and

oily seeds.

1. MARTYNIA PROBOSCIDEA, Ghx.

Synonvmes.
Variety.

THE HORNY, OR PROBOSCIS-LIKE MARTYNIA.

;

M.
p.

alternifolia,

Lam.
G.

M. annua, Lin.
;

M.
et

Engravings.
Specific

Bot. Mag.

t.

1056

and our^i^.
;

1, in Plate

40.
lobed,

Louisiana, Mill. ; Proboscidea Jussieuii, Schmidt.

Character.
;

M.

Stem

branched
all fertile.

leaves alternate,

triloba,

Don

M.

triloba,

Cham,

cordate at the base

stamens 4,

{G. Don.)

Schleeht, smaller than the species.

Description, &c.

A very
The

curious plant, covered with glutinous hairs.

;

The

flowers are

somewhat

bell-

shaped, and are dotted and variegated with several shades of colour
clpse

the lobes of the stigma are irritable, and

when

touched.
or horns.

The capsules

or seed-vessels are a kind of nut, quite hard

it

and woody, and terminating

in

two beaks

plant was a native of Louisiana (where

;

was

first

discovered on the banks of the

Mississippi),

and Mexico, and was introduced about 1759

seeds of

it

being sent by Richard, the French king's

It

gardener at Versailles, to the celebrated Miller,

first
if

who was

then curator of the botanic garden at Chelsea.

;

was

kept in the hothouse, and treated as a half hardy annual

in April or
;

but

it is

now found
The

to succeed in the

open border,

sown

May,

in a light rich soil

and warm

situation.

seeds, like those of all oily plants, do

not keep well

and thus, generally, only a few of those sown come up.

Seeds

The plant has a strong

erect stem,

and

does not require sticking.

may

be procured at Carter's, Holborn, and other seed-shops.

2. MARTYNIA LUTEA,
Engravings.

Lindl.
|

THE YELLOW MARTYNIA.

Leaves opposite, coidate-orbicular, toothed, clothed with glandular

Bot. Reg.
&c

t.

934

Specific Character.

Stem

and our fig.

3, in

Plate 40.
I

branched, clothed with glandular down.

down.

Beaks much longer than the

pericarp.

(G. Don.)

Description,
orange yellow.
species.

The

habit of the plant resembles that of

M. proboscidea,
culture
is

but the flowers are of a bright

It is a native of Brazil, introduced in 1825.

The

the same as that of the preceding

c'\

^(>

L-

'ntM^^^rU^^'^^A.<i--^vt^-(U<iOiuty:.^

Z Ly/uu^i^n-i^y a^^t^i^^Ua^.-. 3. .yMfi^yyfiyUiy ^!u/ea

OP ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

229

3. MARTYNIA DIANDRA,
Synonymps.
Engravings.
2, in Plate 40.

Glox.
I

THE DIANDROUS MARTYNIA.

Specific

M.

angulosa,
t.

Zam.
2001
;

M.

reliq., //"owsi.
t.

Character.

Bot. Reg.

Stem

branched;

leaves
sterile.

opposite,

lobed,

Bot. Rep.

575

and our fig.

I

cordate at the base; stamens 4, two of

them

(G. Don.)
;

Description, &c.

The spike
it

of flowers of this species

grows

differently to that of all other kinds

and

instead of being terminal,

always springs from a fork between the stem and branches.

The

flowers are very

curiously marked.

The

leaves

and calyxes are of a pale green, and the

of a beautiful pale pink.

latter

have a sort of involucre formed of

rather an unpleasant smell.

two
It
is

delicate

membranous bracteas

The whole plant has

It
is

a native of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and was introduced in 1731.

it

rather

more tender than the other

species, but in favourable situations

grows above two

feet high,

while the others rarely exceed a foot or eighteen

inches.

It should be

grown

in rich light soil, in a

warm

border in front of a south wall.

Glox.

M. LONGIFLORA, Lin.; M. CAPENSIS,

The

flowers of this species are very long,

and purple.

It is a native of the

Cape

of

Good Hope, and was

introduced in 1781, but has long been lost to our gardens.

CHAPTER

XLI.

SCROPHULARINiE.
Essential Character.
deciduous,
bilabiate.

Calyx

persistent,
;

4 or 5-parted.
the
latter

Corolla

rarely

baccate,

2-celled,

2 or 4-valved, many-seeded.
in habit

Albumen

Stamens 2 or 4

when

number,

copious.

Herbs very various

and inflorescence, with generally

usually didynamous.

Stigma simple or two-lobed.

Fruit capsular,

opposite leaves.

(G. Don.)

GENUS
COLLINSIA,
Lin. Syst.
Generic Character.

I.

Nutt.

THE COLLINSIA.
Capsule 2-valved
valves bipartite.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
base
;

Corolla gibbous above the

of very

limb very irregular.

(G. Don.)
in

Description, &c.

A genus

handsome Califomian annuals, named by Professor Nuttali

honour of

Mr. Zaccheus Collins, Vice-president of the

Academy

of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia

1. COLLINSIA VERNA, Nutt.

Synonymes.

C.

grandiflora, Lindl.;

THE SPRING-FLOWERING Specific Character. Stem Antirrhinum tenellum, Pursh.

t.

COLLINSIA.
erect,

branched.
Pedicels

Leaves lanceolate,
vcrticillate
;

Engravings.Swt.
Bot. Gard. No. 391
;

Brit.

Flow. Gard.

220; Bot. Reg.

41, under the

t.

1107

lower

ones

sometimes

spathiilate.

calyx

and out fig.

1, in Plate

name of

about half the length of the corolla.

C. grandiflora.

Description, &c.

ColUnsia vema was the

growing in the

first

species of the genus discovered,

and

it

was found by Nuttali

unfortunately lost the

in the spring of 1810,

alluvial soil

on the borders of Lake Erie.

He

specimens he gathered, but the plant was found about the same period on the banks of the Missouri and
Mississippi rivers
of this plant
;

by Mr. John Bradbury.

after seeking for
it

In the spring of 1816, Nuttali undertook another journey

in search
last

and

in vain, during a journey of more than a hundred miles, he at

230

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
In 1826

succeeded in finding a withered specimen on the banks of the Ohio, from which he procured some seed. a kind of Collinsia was found on the banks of the Columbia, which was at
first

supposed a diiFerent species, and

was described

in the Bot.

Reg. as Collinsia grandijiora

but

it

has been since found that the differences

discoverable between the specimens are not sufficiently constant to be relied on.
will

The

plant

is

quite hardy and

in spring it

grow

in

any

soil

or situation, but
as, if

it

does best treated as directed for L^tosiphon.

till

When sown

should be in February,

the sowing be delayed

the latter end of

March

or the beginning of April, the

better than heat.

plants generally wither without flowering.

All the CoUinsias bear cold

much

A rather
Some

curious proof of the hardiness of this species happened a year or

Collinsia

two ago

in the garden of a friend of ours.

eema had been sown

stifi"

in the

autumn, and

after

it

had flowered the plants were pulled up and thrown

This was about November, and in
of flowers of this species,

on a heap of very
April,

clay which had been provided for puddling a pond.

for use,
it

when

the clay
fine,

was wanted

was found covered with a splendid mass

which were as
species

and as

brilliant in colour, as

though the seeds had been sown in the best prepared bed.

This

was introduced

in 1826,

and seeds of it are common in the seed-shops both as C. verna and C. grandijhra.

2.COLLINSIA BICOLOR,
Ekgratikgs.

Benth.
Swt. Brit.

Bot. Reg.
Ser.
;

t.

1734
;

Bot. Mag.

t.

3488
;

THE TWO-COLOURED COLLINSIA. Specific Character. Stem erect, downy. Leaves glabrous, ovatelanceolate, subcordate at the base.

Flow.

G.ird.

2nd

t.

307

Bot. Card. No. 689

fig. 3, in Plate 41.

Paxt. Mag. of

Pedicels verticillate, racemose.

Bot. vol.

3, p.

195

and our

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
in

A very showy annual, but

one which

differs so

much, according

to the soil

and situation

which

it

is

grown, as scarcely to be recognised as the same plant.

If the seeds are

sown

in

autumn,

as

directed for the Leptosiphon, and transplanted, or rather removed, in spring to a

soil,

bed of rich and rather strong

will

where the roots

will be shaded from the sun

and kept rather moist, the plant

grow two
clear

feet

high with

a strong erect stem, and will produce a profusion of splendid flowers, large in
colour
;

size

and

and

brilliant in

while

if

the seeds are sown in April or May, about the usual time of sowing flower-seeds, the flowers
;

will be poor

and the stems weak

cause, in the
differs

and

if

the roots are exposed to the sun, the plants will wither and die without
as those of

any apparent
217).

same manner

Nemophila insignis do under similar circumstances

(see p.

This species

considerably from C. verna, particularly in the shape of the leaves, and in the colour
It
is

and disposition of the

notwithstanding
its

flowers.

a native of California, where

it

was discovered by Douglas

in

1833

and

recent introduction, seeds are already

common

in all the seed-shops.

3.COLLINSIA
Kngravings.
Specific
t.

HETEROPHYLA,
;

Graham.
I

THE VARIABLE-LEAVED
a glandular pubescence.

COLLINSIA.
corolla

Character.

Bot. Mag. 3695 Lower

and our ^^. 2, in Plate 41.

;

Segments of the

rounded at the apex,

of the upper lip

leaves trilobate

upper ones ovate-

crenate, middle tube of the lower lip subacute, border

I

Mttminate.

Peduncle shorter than the flower.

Calyx covered with

nearly entire.

(^Graham.)
difl'er

Description, &c.
slightly in the colour.

This

species very closely resembles

C. hicolor, but the flowers are larger, and

;

The lower

leaves are also three-lobed

but altogether the botanical differences do not

appear more than were supposed to exist

plants, however, is tolerably distinct.

between C. vema and C. grandijiora.

culture of both species
of the Columbia,
is

The general appearance of the

C. heterophylla
in
is

The

the same.

a native of

California,

where

it

was found on the banks

and

it

was introduced

1838.

Seeds

may be had

at Carter's, but they are at present rare in the seed-shops.

3
4~
Sir<^^y7U^*^'

t^/rU^n/n^

-f^^ic^

/f^yif-"^-'-^

4;
.'-fU.^-'i.t'.l-U-

/tl-COi

i/?f4^aA*4f a/'Uv^.i./t.

'

'^*^i***f,-'

4^/^m^?;r

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
4.COLLINSIA PARVIFLORA,
;

231

Lindl.

THE SMALL-FLOWERED
the flowers.

COLLINSIA.
Calyx downy, about

ENGRATraos.Bot. Reg. t, 1082 and omfig. 4, in Plate 41. Stem prostrate, downy. Leaves ovate-oblong, Specific Character.

Segments of corolla

acutish, entire.

equal in length to the corolla.

(G. Don.)
native of the banks of

nearly entire, downy.

Pedicels axillary, solitary,

much

longer than

Description, &c.

little

insignificant plant scarcely

worth growing.

the

Columbia, introduced in 1827.

the seeds should be
the culture
is

The stem

is

prostrate,

and consequently, as one plant covers a considerable space,

In other respects

sown very

sparingly, or the plants thinned out as soon as they appear.

the same as for the other species.

Several other Collindas are said to have been discovered, but they have not yet been introduced.

GENUS
SCHIZANTHUS,
Lin. Syst.

II.

R.

et

P.

THE SCHIZANTHUS.
Stamens 4, two upper ones
sterile.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stignu

Generic Character.

Calyx

5-parted.

Limb

of the corolla 4-parted, lobed, irregular.

compressed, obtuse.

(G. Dan.)
De
Candolle in the order
is

Description, &c.

genus of very beautiful flowers, comprised by Professor

botanists,

Solanacecs; but placed

by most

among whom

Dr. Lindley, whose arrangement

we have

hitherto
of

followed, in the order Scrophularinw.

The name

of Schizanthus signifies literally cut-flower.

The stamens

these plants are said to start forward when touched, and the stem and leaves are covered with glandular

hairs,

which give out a peculiar and acid secretion, a

require a light soil

fact
air.

which was

first

discovered

by Miss Murray.

All the species

and abundance of

light

and

1. SCHIZANTHUS PINNATUS, Ruiz

Engravinos
1, in Plate

et

Pav.

THE PINNATE-LEAVED SCHIZANTHUS.

introduced in 1831 from Chih.
Specific Character
Fructiferous peduncles inflcxed at top.secund;

Bot. Reg.

t.

725

Bot. Mag.

t.

2404

and our Jig.

Swt. Brit.
;

42.
p. 2. humilis,
t.

Variety. S.

Lindl.

Bot. Reg.

t.

157

lateral segments of the lower lip of the corolla longer than the inter-

Flow. Card. 2d Ser.

197

Paxt. Mag. of Bot. vol. 2, p. 1S8

and

mediate one, which

emarginate.

is

obcordate

upper segment of the corolla cuneate,

OUT fig. 3, in Plato 42.

Racemes of flowers crowded.

A dwarf plant.

(G. Don.)
grows nearly two
feet high,

Description,

&c.In

favourable

soils

and situations

this plant

though with a
in

slender stem that requires support,

flowers.

and which throws out numerous branches, each terminating

a panicle of

The

leaves are pinnate,

glandular hairs.

The flowers

are

short and they, as well as the stem and branches, are thickly clothed with a have they very pretty, and from their rather long and slender footstalks,

pecuUarly light and elegant appearance.

Pavon in This very graceful plant was discovered by Messrs. Ruiz and
it

the course of their botanical researches in Chili, and

was

figured in their splendid

it

work on the

plants of that

country.

It

was

not,

however, introduced tiU 1822, when seeds of

it

were

first
it

brought to England by Lady

Cochrane, and the following year

shops,

flowered in several collections.

in

Seeds of

are

now common

in

aU the seedor
;

and they

may

either be

sown

autumn

annuals (see p. 156) to stand the winter, like the Califomian

sown

in the open

ground in February or March.

At whatever

season the seeds

;

may

be sown care should be

taken to select a light rich soU and a sheltered situation for the young plants

as this species is perhaps

more

232
liable
its

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN
its shoots.

than any other annual to be broken by the wind, on account of the tenderness of
it is, it is liable
;

The

collar of

stem should never be exposed to the sun, as when

culture of the variety
is

to die off like the

its

Nemophila

(see p. 217).

The

the same as that of the species

except that, from

dwarf stature and compact

habit of growth, it will not require either tying

up

or being sheltered from the wind.

2.SCHIZANTHUS PORRIGENS, Graham.

Emgratings
Flow. Gard.
t.

THE SPREADING SCHIZANTHUS.

Specific Cuaractek.

Bot. Mag.

t.

2521

Bot. Gard. No. 126

Swt. Brit.

Fructiferous pedicels spreading, straigbtish.

;

76

and onrfig. 2, in Plate 42.

Tube of

corolla shorter than the calyx

lateral

segments of the lower

lip

Variety.

S. por. 2 Strachani, our^g. 6 in Plate 42.

longer than the middle one; upper segment oblong, obtuse.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The
The
is

principal apparent difference between this plant

and S. pinnatus,
lip.

consists in its

spreading habit of growth, and in the flowers having a yellow star in the upper
introduced in 1823.
variety,

It

is

a native of Chili,

which was raised from seed of the

species in the garden of J.

A. Strachan,
air

Esq., at Teddington Grove,

is

particularly light

and elegant. The culture of both species and variety in the open
to great advantage in pots in the

the same as that of S. pinnatus; but they

may be grown
soil

same way

as directed

for

Rhodanthe Manglesi (see

p. 199).

The

should be equal parts of peat, rotten dung, and sandy loam.

3. SCHIZANTHUS RETUSUS, Hook.

Enghatings
Bot. vol.
5 Bot. Mag.
t. t.
;

THE RETUSE-FLOWERED SCHIZANTHUS.

longer than the calyx
;

3045

Bot. Reg.

t.

1544
;

Swt. Brit.

lateral
is

segments of the lower

;

lip shorter

than

Flow. Gard. 2nd Ser.

i.

201

Bot. Gard. No. 521

Past. Mag. of

the middle one, which

retuse.

sagittate

upper segment rhomboid-oblong,

p.

and o\irJig. 4, in Plate 42.

Specific Character.

Fnictiferous

(G. Don.)
We have
seen
it

pedicels erect.

Tube

of corolla

Description, &c.

^The

most splendid of

all

the species.

in the open air in Henderson's

Nursery, Pine Apple Place, Edgeware Road, between three and four feet high, and spreading in proportion
This species
in
is,

like the others, a native of Chili

and

it

was introduced

in 1831.

The

seeds

may

either be

sown

autumn

to stand through the winter, or in

February or March, in
;

light soil not too rich (the best soil is one

composed of equal parts of peat and sandy loam)

and the plants should never be grown two seasons on the

same ground.

In pots they should be treated like the Rhodanthe.

OTHER SPECIES OF SCHIZANTHUS.

S.

PRIESTII,

Paxt. Mag. of Bot., vol.

i.

p.

31

and out Jig.

5, in Plate 42.

A very beautiful plant, raised from seed supposed to be

a nurseryman of Reading.
that of S. porrigens.

of S. pinnatus or S. porrigens, in 1833,

by Mr.

Priest,

The shape

of the flower is that of S. pinnatus ; but the habit of the plant resembles
is

The

colour of the flower

white, stained with bright yellow.

Gillies; Bot.

S.

HOOKERII,

Mag.

t.

3070.

The

corolla is of a pale rose colour,

with a blotch of yellow on the upper segment.

native of Chili,

introduced in 1828.
S.

GRAHAMII, Hook ;
is

Bot.

Mag.

t.

3044.

Corolla

lilac,

except the upper

lip,

which

yellow, tipped with

lilac.

A native of Chili, introduced in

1831.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
233

GENUS

III.

SALPTGLOSSIS, Ruiz
Lin. Syst.

et

Pavon.

THE SALPIGLOSSIS,

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
I

(iKNEHic CiiARcTF,R.
eliaped,

Calvx

5-anglcd, 5-cleft.

Corolla funnel-

rudiment of a
at the apex.

fifth

between the two

loiigci-

ones.

Style tongue.sliaped

.i-lobcd

lobes

2-lobcd.

Stamens didjnamous, with the

Slignia truncate, transverse.

(G. DoiO

SALPIGLOSSIS SINUATA, Ruiz

SvKONYME.
Flow.
Enoiiatings.
G.-iid.
t.

et

Pavon.

THE CUT-LEAVED
with purple.

SALPIGLOSSIS,

Bot.
271
S.
i

S. atropurpurea,

Graham.
28)1
;

Raised in the garden of Mrs. Marryat, at Wimbledon,

Mag.

t.

Bot. Reg. 1518;

Swt. Brit.

from seeds received trom Valparaiso, about 18'24.

S.
8.

Varieties.

and onr fig. 2

picta,

8, in Plate
;

42, as

S. atropurpurea.
;

4 Barclayana,

G.

Don
t.

S.

Barclayana,
S. intermedia,

Cameron;
Swt.

Swt.
very
raised

s.

G.

Don

S. picta,

Swt.

Brit. Flow.
t.

Brit.

Flow. Gard. 2d Ser.

112;

A
;

Gard.

t.

258

S. straniinca, var. picta,

in Plate 42.

Hook., Bot. Mag.

3365

beautiful plant, a hybrid between S. picta and S. atropurpurea

at

and our^*;. 7,

The

painted Salpiglossis.

Corolla varie-

Bury

Hill, the seat of Charies Barclay, Esq., about

1830.

The
Lower

gated with yellow, blue, and purple.

received from Cliili, in 1825.
S.
8.

Raised by Dr. Neill from seeds

flowers are of a brilliant yellow, veined and edged with purple.

Specific Character.
S.

Plant

clothed with glandular hairs.

straniinea,
t.

G.

Don ;

straminea,

Hook.

Swt. Brit.

leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, sinuated.

linear, quite entire.

Upper ones sessile, lanceolateBranches

Flow. Gard.
42.

231

Bot. Gard. No. 3:33; and our fig. 9, in Plate

Salpiglossis.

Stem

paniculately blanched at top.

pilose.

The straw-coloured

Corolla straw-coloured, veined

racemose, dichotomous.

Filaments glandularly

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
the arrangement of
it

The

genus Salpiglossis seems to have puzzled botanists where to place

It

it,

as well aa in

its species.

was

first

supposed to belong to Bignoniacece, from

its

trumpet-shaped corolla

was then placed in Solanacem, from

that several species,

its

apparent alliance to Petunia; the resemblance between the genera being

considered as Petunias, were
first

in fact so great,

now

supposed to belong to Salpiglossis.

Dr. Lindley, however, thinks that "

placed
it

" (the foxglove), its real afiinity is with Digitalis

it

and he has accordingly

in ScrophularincB^
it

considering

to form one of the connecting links between that order and Solanacece.
its

Wherever

may be

placed, there can be no doubt of

near alliance to Sehizanthus, and accordingly

it is

always

kept next to that genus, in botanical works.

All the kinds of Salpiglossis differ only in the colour of their flowers
in his large
;

and

for this reason

Mr. George Don,

varieties of one

work

entitled

General History of

the Dichlarnydeous Plants, has

made them

all

species.

The name
which

of Salpiglossis,
is

which

signifies

a tongue in a tube,

is

supposed to allude to the shape

of the stigma,

plainly seen in the centre of the tube-shaped corolla.

The

species is a native of Chili,

and was introduced in 1824.

Sehizanthus ;

All the kinds of Salpiglossis appear to agree in

many

respects with

the

but the former are the most tender.

Thus the
till

seeds of Salpiglossis are generally

sown on a

hotbed in February, and the young plants kept in pots

May, when they may

be planted in the open ground.

The

soil

should be two thirds of loam, and one third of peat, without any manure.

The
it is

Salpiglossis

is

apt to
off, if

die suddenly, if the

sun withers the collar of the stem, like the Sehizanthus; and

also apt to

damp

the collar be exposed to stagnant moisture.

will flower splendidly.
varieties require the
It varies very

"When grown

in pots, it
soil

may

be treated like
in

the Rhodanthe; and

it
is

much

according to the

and situation

which

grown.

The
in

same treatment
all

as the species. partially

All the kinds

may

be kept through the winter in pots

greenhouse
longer than

and they will

become
and
will

woody

like the mignionette.

They

will rarely, however, live

two or three

years,

seldom flower well more than once.

Many

gardeners sow the seeds

ia

autumn, and keep the plants in frames during the winter, when they

will flower early in spring.

H U

..g^

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS

IV.

ANTIRRHINUM,
Lin. Syst.
GcifERic Character.

Jms.

THE SNAPDRAGON.
Capsule opening by three valvate pores under the apex, rarely

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
holes.

Corolla

personsite, saccate, or gibbous at the base.

by two irregular

(G. Don)
THE GLANDULAR SNAPDRAGON.
Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, naiTowed with petioles.
of flowers dense and leafy.

ANTIRRHINUM GLANDULOSUM,
Synonyme.

Lindl.

A. rytidocarpum, Fisch. el Afey.

Reg.
t.

hairs.
in Plate 43.
I

Kngravinos.

Bot.

1893; and our^^. 3,

Raceme
unequal

Lobes of calyx linear-lanceolate,

Specific CuARAcrER.

Sprinkled over on

every side with glandular

{Lindl.)

Description, &c.
flowers,

An
all

upright- growing plant about

two

feet high,

with a very dense, leafy raceme of pink

and covered

over with glandular, and somewhat viscid, hairs.

The

leaves are rather succulent, and

is

they are long and lanceolate, narrowing into a petiole at the base.

The
species

plant itself
is

curious as being the only

it

snapdragon as yet found truly wild in the

found by Douglas, and seeds of
of Caucasus, the seeds of
it

New
to

World.
It
is

The

a native of California, where

was

sent

home

in 182.').

supposed to be the same as A. rytidocarpum, a native

St.

which were sent

England from

Petersburgh in 1835

but as the flowers of

A. rytidocarpum are stated to be blue, while those of A. fflandulosum are pink, the Russian kind appears
likely to be a variety
plants, all

more

than exactly the same

species.

The

culture

is

the same as that of the other Califomian

of which are more injured by heat than

cold.

OTHER ANNUAL SPECIES OF ANTIRRHINUM.

A.

ORONTIUM,

Lin.

Eng. Bot.

1.

1155, 2d. edit. vol. 5,

t.

875.

This

is

a British weed commonly called Calves Snout, from a fancied resemblance between the seed-pod and

the head of an animal.

The word Antirrhinum, has nearly the same meaning, being compounded

of Anti like,

and Rhin a snout.

A.

CALYCINUM,

Lour.

A
in

Portuguese plant with whitish flowers curiously marked with purple or rose-coloured veins.

Introduced

1810.
A.

INDICUM,

Royle.

Flowers reddish

bracteas and floral leaves very long.

native of India, in the province of Delhi.

GENUS
LINARIA,
Lin. Syst.

V.

Vent.

TOAD-FLAX.
the top, or by 4

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
the
base.

Generic Cbaractxr.

Corolla

personate,

spurred

at

Capsule opening by two

lids at

10

tooth-formed, or

valve-formed parts.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

Many of
The

the species

now

considered as belonging to this genus were formerly included in

;

the genus Antirrhinum.

genera, indeed, only differ very slightly

in

Antirrhinum the

corolla is gibbous at

7 c,'ymei**x-

yi^U-i^rtM-:

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
the base, and iu Linaria the
it is

ot
the capsules.

spurred

there

is

likewise a

little difierence in

The

peculiarities of

two genera

will

be easily discovered by comparing the

common

toad-flax, Linaria vulgaris, with the

common
of the

snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus.

easiest culture in

All the Linarias are tall-growing plants with showy flowers, and
Tlie principal care they require is to thin

all

any common

soil.

them

out, to prevent

them from

becoming drawn up, and weak

attended
efifect

as

few plants look more straggling and untidy when

this precaution is not

to.

AVhere time

is

not an object, a few plants of Linaria

may

be grown so as to produce a splendid

till

by

raising

them

in pots,

and frequently

shifting them, as directed for Rhodanthe,

tliey are

ready to go
;

into flower,

when they should be turned out

of the pot, without breaking the ball of earth, into the open ground

thus treated, the plants will present so different an appearance as scarcely to be recognised, and their flowers will be splendid.

1. LINARIA TRIPHYLLA,
SvNONYMES.

Mill.

THE THREE-LEAVED TOAD-FLAX.

peloria,

L.

glabrata,

H. B. and Kth.
Hort.
;

L. neglects, Clarke

Ram.,

has the corollas shaped like those of the Peloria, or

and Guss,

Antirrhinum

tricolor,

A. Iripliyllum, Lin,
4, in Plate 43.

deformed variety of the

Specific Character.

common

toad-flax.

Engravings.
Varieties.

Bot. Miig.
t.

t.

324

and oar Jig.

Quite

glabrous, glaucous, erect or ascending.

Leaves ovate and

elliptic,

usually 3 in a whorl.

Flowers disposed in
;

L.

cajrulea,

Chav., has the corollas nearly

the plant

all

dense, spicate racemes.

Calycine segments oblong, or ovate-lanceolate

blue; the leaves narrower, and

more

slender.

L.

t.

obtuse, shorter than the capsule.

(G. Don.}
by the
it

Description, &c.

This
it is

species of Toad-flax is easily distinguished from all the others at the base of the flower-stalk
;

peculiar

disposition of its leaves,

which grow three together, just

literally three-leaved.

whence

has received

the specific
distinction
;

name
as

of triphyllum,

The
is,

colour of the flower

is

a less certain
it

mark

of

though

generally three-coloured, that

It
is

purple, white, and yellow,

;

sometimes varies

to all latter

purple, and sometimes to all yellow.

a native of Sicily and Spain

it

and

it

was introduced from the

country before 1629, as Parkinson mentions

in that year, calling

it

the " Tode Flaxe of Valentia."

It is quite

hardy, and requires no other care than sowing in

March

or April.

When

the plants

come up, they should be

;

thinned out, as

if

sufifered

to remain

many

together they become drawn up and

weak

whereas,
ofi"

if

they are

allowed room, several flower-stalks will spring from one root.

fade, as, if the seed be sufiered to ripen, the capsules will burst

The
and

flowers should be cut

scatter
it
;

as soon as they

and self-sown plants will spring

seeds are generally sold in the

up

in such abundance, that

it

will be

found very

diflacult to eradicate

them.

The

seed-shops, under the

name

of Antirrhinum triphylla.

2. LINARIA SPARTEA,
Synonymes. L.
Engravings.
juncea, Desf.
;

MM. THE BRANCHING TOAD-FLAX.

Link.
;

L. praicox,

Hoffm.

el

late, erect, quite glabrous

lower ones often three in a whorl^; superior

flat,

Autirrhiiuim junceuni,

Lam.
Mag.
t.

A. sparteiim, Lin.
;

ono alternate
long pedicels.

tliose of

the surculi

3' 4

in a

whorl.

Flowers on

Bot.

200

and onr Jig. 2, in Plate 43.

Leaves linear-lanceo-

Calycine fragments linear, or linear-lanceolate, acute,

Specific Character.

Plant

erect, branched.

glabrous or downy.

(G. Don.)
The
species is

Description,

&c. The
room

yellow, and where the plants flowers of this species are of the most brilliant golden

are allowed plenty of

to spread, they

make

a beautiful bed in a regular flower-garden.

native of the shores of the Mediterranean, and the

Canary Islands

and

it

was introduced

in 1772.

The

seeds

may

be purchased in any seed-shop, generally under the

in

name

require of Antirrhinum spartea, and they only

sowing

February or March

in the

open border.

When

the plants

come up they should be thinned

out,

and

if

the weather be dry, they should be frequently watered.

plants,

Thus

treated, they

wiU become

short, thick, branching

and be covered with a profusion of flowers.

ub2

236

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

3. LINARIA SPECIOSA,

Jacq.

Synoni

MEs-

L.

bipartita,

Willd.

L. ccerulea, Hort, ; Antirrhi-

THE SHOWY TOAD-FLAX. Specific Charactek. Glabrous. Leaves

late, flat,

linear, or

linear-lanroo-

num

orchidiflorum,

Hort.
Biit.

A.

bipartituin,

Vent.

A. speciosuin,

alternate or verticiUate

those of the surculi broader, ;uid

Doun.
Engravings.
Plate 43.

three in a whorl.

Swt.

Flowers disposed in loose racemes.

acute,

Segments of
edges.

Flow. G.irJ.

t.

30

and our

fig. 5, in

the

calyx

almost lanceolate,

with

membranous

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

This

plant has very beautiful flowers

when

closely examined,

though

tliey

are not ko

showy

in a

mass as those of L. spartea.

The stem
is

is

slender and branching, and seldom, under

any circum-

Ktances, rises

more than a

foot high.

The plant

a native of Morocco, and was introduced in 1815.

The

seeds

are

common

in every seed-shop under the

name

of

Antirrhinum speciosum, and they require no other care than

sowing, not too thick, in rather poor and sandy

soil.

4. LINARIA CANADENSIS, Z)m.

Papp.

THE CANADIAN, OR AiMERICAN TOAD-FLAX.

Specific
alternate
;

Antirrhinum Caiadense, Lin.; Engiuvihqs.Bot. Mag. 3473 and omfig.

Synonymes.
t.
;

A.

pauciflorum,

Character.

Leaves

linear,

remote, glabrous,

usually

those of the surculi broader, opposite, or three in a whorl,

6, in Plate 43.

Raceme
bi-acteas.

loose, slender, attenuated

upwards.

Pedicels longer than the

Calycine segments acute, downy.

(G. Don.)
its large,
is

Description, &c.

This elegant
us,
i

little

plant

is

not half so

much

cultivated as

it

deserves to be, from

delicate, pale-violet flowers,

and elegant, though slender habit

;

of growth. to

The

plant,

though called Canadian,

it

a native of both North and South America

Sir

and though known

till

and described by Linn^us,

;

was

not, as

W.

J.

Hooker informs

introduced into our gardens

the spring of 1835

when Mr. Drummond

The

sent

seeds (as well as specimens

from Texas, which produced flowers tne ensuing summer.

instead of black, and

seeds difier from the

in the seed-shops,

other species in being

brown

much furrowed

they are not yet

common
is

but when procured, they should be sown in a sandy loam in March or April.
deserving of cultivation.
sold at Charlwood's
It
is

The plant

quite hardy, and well

the only species of Linaria that has been discovered in America.

The

seeds are

and

in other seed-shops,

under the proper name of the plant, Linaria Canadensis.

6. LINARIA TRISTIS, Mill

Synonyme.
Specific

THE SAD-COLOURED TOAD-FLAX.

or alternate
;

Engravings.

Lin. Antirrhinum Bot. Mag. 74 ard our Character. Glaucous, downy

triste,
;

flowers approximate, sometimes nearly opposite

bracteas

t.

fig. 1, in Plate 43.

at top
;

deflcxed

calycine segments liaear-subspathulate, obtuse, downy.

leaves linear, or

(G. Don.)
and

linear-oblong

lower ones 3 or 4 in a whorl, upper ones opposite,

Description, &c.

The colour
them
it

of the flowers of this species is a fine rich purplish brown, so that they do not

deserve the epithet applied to

in the specific name, as they only look dark or sombre at a distance

when examined

closely, it will

be found to be curiously and beautifully marked.

in 1722.
;

It is a native of the neighbourit

hood of Gibraltar, whence

was introduced

It is generally treated as a greenhouse perennial, as

is

too tender to live through the winter in the open air

but

it

will do quite well in the

open border

if

treated as

au annual.

OTHER SPECIES OF LINARIA.

The
following are mentioned in Charlwood's Catalogue as kinds of which seeds

may

be procured.

The shape

of the flowers

and the culture of the plants are the same

in all

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

237

L.

LATIFOLIA,

Desf.; A.
;

LATtFOLIUM, WilU.

A native of Barbaiy,
as a large bush,

with large yellow flowers

introduced in 1800.

A handsome plant, frequently growing

two

feet high.

The

seeds are sold under the

name

of Antirrhinum.

L.

REFLEXA,

Desf.; A.

REFI,EXUM,

Lin.

A beautiful species with

introduced in 1810.

delicate pale blue or white

is

and yellow flowers.

for

native of the south of Europe,

The plant

procumbent and well adapted

rock-work.

Seeds

may

be had at Charl-

wood's under the name of Linaria.

L.

VERSICOLOR, Mcmoh.
\^TJ.

A.

VERSICOLOR,
is

Lin.

A native of the south of France, introduced in

pale yellow and a rich browli.

The plant

of

low growth, and the flowers are of a

This and
L.

all

the following kinds are called Antirrhinums in the seed-shops.

;

VISCOSA, Dum.

A.

VISCOSUM,

Lin.

The

flowers are brown, the stem rather low, and covered with a

clammy down, and

in 1786.

the root yellowish,

spreading and twisted.

The

species

is

a native of Spain, and

A.

it

was introduced

L.

BIPUNCTATA, Dum.

BIPUNCTATUM,

Lin.

The flower
in 1749.

is

yellow marked on the palate with two very dark purple spots.

native of Spain, introduced

GENUS
NEMESIA,
Lin. Sytt.

VI.

Vent.

THE NEMESIA.
Capsule compressed, truncate at apex.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Generic Cbarjicter.

Corolla personate, spurred at the base.

(G.

DonI)

1. NEMESIA FLORIBUNDA, Lehm.

THE MANY-FLOWERED NEMESIA.

|

N. Benth. Bot. Reg. 1838, Specific Character,

Synonyme.
afBnis,

ovate

upper ones snbsessile ovate, oblong, or lanceolate,

all

frequently

Engejyings.

for

t.

39

and

om Jig. 7, in Plate 43.

leaves petiolated,
1

toothed in the margin.

ovate, or oblong
;

Racemes terminal, very

loose.

Capsules

Erect, subglabrous.

Lower

nearly straight.

Description, &c.

A very

pretty

little

low-growing, widely-spreading plant, covered with abundance of

white flowers slightly stained with yellow and blue.

A native of
do not

the Cape of

Good Hope, introduced

in 1837,

and requiring the same culture as the Linarias.

We

know

where to procure seed.

2.NEMESIA BICOBNIS,
Synonyme.
Specific

Pers.

THE TWO-HORNED NEMESIA.

erect.

Antirrhinum bicome, Lin.

Flowers racemose.
;

Character

Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, serrated, stem

Capsule 2-horned, subdivaricate. (G. Don.)

it

Description, &c.
air.

This
of

species

is

generally

grown
it

in a greenhouse
is

but

will

grow

quite well in the opea

It

somewhat resembles N.florihunda, but

Cape

grows higher, and

introduced in 1774.

remarkable for

its

two-homed

capsule.

It is a native of the

Good Hope, and was

233

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS
MAZUS,
Lin. Syst.

VII.

Lour.

THE MAZUS.
lip of corolla papillosely

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
Lower
bigibbous at the base.

Generic CHuttcTER.

Calyx campanulate
Benih.
f

teeth spreading.

(G. Don.)
leaves
all

MAZUS RUGOSUS,
Stnokymks.

Lour.
biiolor,

THE WRINKLED OR CHINESE MAZUS.

Willd.
;

M.

bicolor,

Hornemannia

Specific

Character.

Hardly
;

stoloniferous

oblong

Gratiola goodeniiefolia,

Horn,
Brit.

ENORAvmas.
Plate 39.

Swt.

Lindemia Japonica, Thun. Flow. Gard. t. 36 j and our fig.

cuneated, coarsely toothed

6,

segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate,

;

in

or lanceolate, acute, equal in length to the tube

corollas hardly twice

the length of the calyx.

(G. Don.

Description, &c.
1780.

little

creeping plant very suitable for rock-work

it is

a native of Nepaul, introduced in

Though a

native of India,
soil.

quite hardy, and requires no other care than scattering the seeds on rock-

work, or in any dry sandy

The

flowers are produced in great abundance, growing in

little

round

tufts

only an inch or two from the ground

April or even May, but they

The

seeds should not be

sown

in the open ground

till

the latter end of

may

be sown on a slight hotbed in February or March.

GENUS
TORENIA,
Lin. Syst.

VIII.

Lin.

THE TORENIA.
lower filaments appendiculate, or gibbous at the base.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
Two
(G. Dan.)

Generic Character.

Calyx

plicate, obliquely 5-toothed.

TORENIA CORDIFOLIA,
Engravings.
Specific Character.

Roxb.

THE CORDATE-LEAVED TORENIA.

I

Bot. Mag. 3714 Leaves

t.

and

om fig.

6, in Plate 44.

sub-fascicled, or solitary.

Corollas about twice the length of the calyx.

ovate-cordate.

Peduncles axillary,

whicli

is

ovate and rounded at the base,

{G.Don.)

Description, &c.

little plant,
it

with pale bluish purple flowers, and almost prostrate stem.

It

native of

niist pastures in India,

where

flowers during the cold season.

was introduced

in 1837, but seeds of it are

if

not yet

common.

It flowered in the stove at

in

Glasgow

but will succeed quite well

situation.

raised on a slight hotbed,

and transplanted

May

to a moist, shady,

and sheltered

GENUS

IX.

MIMULUS,
Generic Character.

Lin.

THE MONKEY-FLOWER.
Capsule 2-valved, with
flattisb

Lin. Syst.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
margins.

Calyx 5-toothed.
and

Corolla personate.

(G.

Don.)

1. MIMULUS FLORIBUNDUS,
Rkgravings.
Specific

Dougl.

THE ABUNDANT- FLOWERED MONKEY-FLOWER.

Calyx small, ovate-tubular, almost equally truncate, with very
acute teeth.
short,

Bot. Reg. Character.

t.

1125

our^.

4, in Plate 44.

Diffuse, loosely pilose,

clammy.

Leaves

(G. Don.)
its

petiolate, broad-ovate, a little toothed, truncate at the base, or rounded.

Description, &c.
erect.

A pretty

little plant,

greatly resembling the musk-plant in

it

flowers, but

growing more

The

plant

is

a native of California, where

was discovered by Douglas on moist rocks near the Columbia.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
It is quite

239
earth.

hardy, and grows readily in a

size
it

warm dark

situation

and peat

The seeds should be sown very

thinly

but from their small

is

very

difficult to

do

this

without mixing them with sand, or wood-ashes

out.

before they are sown.

in great

When

the

young

plants

come up, they should be thinned

Tiie flowers are produced

abundance

but they are generally of very short duration, and usually close about mid-day.

OTHER SPECIES OF MIMULUS.

M. MOSCHATUS,
Lindl.

A procumbent
from seed.

plant, rooting at the joints,

and producing abundance of yellow

flowers,

and growing

freely

M. HARRISONII, Paxt. and

ovxfic/. 1, in PI. 39*.

A
all

very strong plant, growing about three feet high, a hybrid between
it

M.

cordinalit and

M.

roseus.

Like

the plants belonging to the genus,

seeds freely

but the flowers raised from seeds of the same plant vary

exceedingly.

ALONSOA, Ruiz el Pavon.

Lin. Sytt.

GENUS X. THE ALONSOA, OR MASK-FLOWER.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
the twisting of the pedicels.

Generic Character.

Corolla subrotate, resupioato from

1. ALONSOA LINEARIS, Ruix

et

Pavon.

THE LINEAR-LEAVED ALONSOA, OR MASK-FLOWER.

;
t.

H. H. B. Derivation. The
Synonymes.
linariaofolia,

Celsia linearis, Jacq.

et

Hemimeris

coccinea, Willd.

Engravings

Bot. Mag.
t.

t.

210

Swt. Biit. Flow. Card. 2nd Ser.,

7, in Plato 44.

Kunth
is

genus

Hemitomus fruticosua, L'Herit. named in honour of Don Zanoni

240

? Bot. Cab.

1456

and om-fig.
;

Specific Character.

Glabrous

leaves

opposite, or three in

Alonso, a Spanish consul in South America.

whorl, linear, entire, or remotely denticulated.

(G. Don.)
though

Description, &c.

Nothing can exceed the

is

brilliant colours of the flowers of this little plant, which,

generally considered a greenhouse shrub,

found to succeed quite well

in 1 790,

when grown

as an annual in the
Celsia linearis,

open

air.

It is a native of Peru,
it is still

whence

it

was introduced

and was at
It

first called

by

which name
it

generally

known

in the nurseries

and seed-shops.

was

first

treated as a hothouse shrub

seeds,
it

was then removed

;

to the greenhouse,
it is

and afterwards, being found to ripen abundance of

was grown as

a tender annual
flowers, it
is,

but

now found

to succeed even if

sown

in the open ground.

To

secure a fine

show of
in

however, generally thought best to raise the seeds on

a slight hotbed,

and to plant them out

May,

and thus treated, the plants will produce a succession of

A. intermedia, Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t.

brilliant flowers

throughout the whole summer.

incisi/olia.

1456,

is

a hybrid between this and the following species, A.

2.-AL0NS0A INCISIFOLIA,
Synonymes.

Ruiz

et

Pavon.

THE CUT-LEAVED ALONSOA, OR MASK-FLOWER

Specific Character

Celsia

urticifolia,

Curt.

Hemimeris

urticifolia,

Glabrous

leaves

opposite,

ovate,

acute,

WUld.

Alonsoa grandiflora, Hort.

deeply toothed, or 8errated.^-(G.

Don.)

Engraving.

Bot. Mag.
is

t.

417.

Description, &c.
flowers.
It

Larger and stronger-growing than A.

soil

linearis,

but with rather darker and

less splendid

a native of Chili, introduced in 1795, and requires the same

treatment as the preceding species,

but

is

hardier.

Both kinds require a loamy

and an open

situation.

Seeds

may be

purchased in the seed-

shops under the

name

of Alonsoa grandiflora,

_^_

240

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

GENUS XL

MAURANDYA,
Lin. Syst.

Ortega.

THE MAURANDYA.
Capsule dehiscing by ten teeth at the apex. (ff. Bon.)

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
in

Generic Chakacter. Corolla

personate, gibbous at the base.

Description, &c.

This genus

is

named

honour of Dr. Maurandy, a botanical professor

all

at Carthagena.

All the species are climbing plants, and continue flowering

the summer.

1. MAURANDYA
Engravings.

BARCLAYANA,
2, in PI. 39*.

Lindl.
I

MR. BARCLAY'S MAURANDYA.

Bot. Reg.
whom

t.

IIOS

and

am fig.

Specific Character.
dulously pubescent.

Mouth of the
which

corolla gaping.

Calyx glan-

Description, &c.
(in

Seeds

of this beautiful climber were imported from

It is always propagated

Mexico by Robert Barclay, Esq.

honour of

it is

named), in 1826.
ripe.

by

seeds,

may

be sown on a hot-

bed in February, or as soon as they are

The young

plants should be put into the open ground in

otliers.

May,

and those raised from seeds sown in autumn will flower in June, about a month sooner than the
are also

They

much

stronger plants.

Tliere is a white-flowered variety of this species,

which

is

very beautiful.

OTHER SPECIES OF MAURANDYA.

M. SEMPERFLORENS,
This species
winter,
tlie it

Ortega

-.

owe fig. 3, in Plate 39*.

may

be propagated by cuttings as well as seeds, as when preserved in a greenhouse through the

at the base.
It
it

becomes shrubby

may, however, be

raised from seeds,

which ripen abundantly,

in

same manner as M. Barclayana, and

flowers about the

same time.

It

is

a native of Mexico, and was

introduced in 1786.

GENUS XIL

LOPHOSPEHMUM,
Lin. Syst.

D. Don.

THE LOPHOSPERMUM.
Capsule dehiscing irregularly under the apex.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Generic Character.

Corolla

bilabiate

tube wide, gibbous at the base.

(<J.

Don.)

Description, &c.

Very

beautiful climbing plants.

Lophospermum

signifies

a crested seed.

1. LOPHOSPERMUM
Synonyms.

ERUBESCENS, D.

Don.
2nd

THE BLUSHING LOPHOSPERMUM.

t.

Varieties. L. e. 2. spectiibile, Paxt. Mai;, of Bot. vol. viii. p. 75 and OMxfir/. 4, in PI. 39*. The flowers are spotted. L. e. 3 Hendersonii, Sort. The flowers are of a very rich dark crimson.
I

L. scandens, Hort.

Engravings.Bot. Mag. t. 3037, and

ser.
t.

3038 ; Swt.

Brit. Flow. Gard.

68

Bot. Reg.

t.

1381.
;

Specific Character.

Leaves triangularly cordate

roughly and un-

Segments of the calyx oblong, raucronulate. equally serrated, pubescent. Filaments simple. {B. Don.)

Description, &c.
it is

This

plant

is

very frequently confounded in the nurseries with L. scandens, or rather

;

known by

the

name

of that plant

the true L. scandens being very rarely to be

met with.

The

seeds of

the present species were collected in thickets near Jalapa, in Mexico, in September 1829, and sent to Dr. Neill, of Edinburgh, in whose garden the plant
first

flowered in 1830.
in

In 1838, the spotted variety

we have

figured

was

raised in the

Camden

nursery,

Camden Town; and

first

1840 a very beautiful kind, with dark crimson

flowers,

was

raised

by Messrs. Henderson

of Pine-apple Place,

Edgware Road.

All the kinds raised from L.

eruhescens seed freely, and flower the

base.
Jj.

year, but if preserved during the winter they

become shrubby

at the

scandens has a tuberous loot, like a Dahlia.

V'T J cJrU-i'ff'^l^^^ '^^^'^'

d-t^^

yiu'-K.-Mii

fi'.t^tl'ic/

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

241

GENUS
CASTILLEJA,
Ofivkhic

XIII.

Lin.

THE CASTILLEJA, OR PAINTED

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
on one
side.

CUP.

Lin. Syst.

Character. Caljx compressed,

bifid or quadrifid, cleft

Upper

lip

of corolla linear, channelled, entire.

Colls of antiiers

nncqual.

(G. Don.)
THE SCARLET-PAINTED
divaricately trifid.

CASTILLEJA COCCINEA,
Synonymks,

Spreng.
Nutt.
44
braoteas,

CUP,
Scg.

Bartsia cocclnea, Lin.

t.

Euchroma

coreinca,

Calyx

bifid,

nearly equal with the corolla.

Enokavings. Bot. Reg.

SpEciric Character.

1136

Leaves,

and mir fig.

as
tlie

5, in Plate

inents retuse and emarginate.

as well

(G. Don.)

colouied

Description,

&c. Tliis

very singular plant was discovered in several parts of North America almost at the

same time by

different botanists,
till

and was introduced as early as 1787; but

seeds were sent

it

was soon

lost,

and was not restored

to British gardens

1826,
it

when

home

to the Horticultural Society's gardens

by Douglas.
it

When

first

discovered,

was supposed

to belong to the genus Bartsia, the Marsh-eyebright, and

was there

placed by Linnaeus, who, though he established the genus Castilleja in honour of D. Castillejo, a botanist of
Cadiz, did not consider this species to belong to
it.

In America,

Cagtilleja coccinea is called the painted

cup

name

it

well deser\-es from

its

bright yellow flowers and bright scarlet bracteas.

;

The

species

is

scarce,

and

easily

lost, as it
is

ripens few seeds in

England

but

it is

so

abundant in almost every part of the United

States, that seed

alw.ays easily to be procured from that country.

" The plants," Dr. Lindley observes in the Bot. Reg., " should
soil."

be grown in gravel, or peat and sand, and not in loamy

They

are quite hardy, and require no other care

than sowing very early in spring (say February or March), or in autumn, to stand the winter, like the other
Californian annuals.

GENUS

XIV.

BROWALLIA,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE BROWALLIA.
Stigma 2-lobed, 4-tubercIcd.
Capsule 2-celled.
Dissepiment

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
;

Generic Character.

Calyx

S-toothed.

Corolla salver-shaped, rcsupinate.

contrary

placentas fleshy. ^(G. Doll.)

Description, &c.

The plants belonging

if

to this

genus are

all

half-hardy annuals, natives of South America,

generally kept in greenhouses, but which,

reared in a slight hotbed, will

grow well

in a sheltered situation in

the open

air.

The genus was named by

Linnaeus, in honour of his friend Browallius, the bishop of Aboa,

who

wrote in defence of Linnasus' system, against some of the numerous enemies which the newness of the doctrines
broached in
plants,
it

raised

up against

its

author.

Before the time of Linnaeus, botanists had no means of distinguishing

but by long Latin descriptions, which were so tiresome and so inconvenient, that we

now wonder how

first

botanists could submit to be

annoyed with them.

They had, however, many

partisans,
It is

and when Linnaeus

proposed his simplifying system, the innovation was vehemently opposed.

not surprising that Linnaus

wished to show his gratitude to a friend who had had courage to support him when so
to

many persons were opposed

is

him

but

it is

lamentable to find that in the end the friends quarrelled, and that Linnaeus

said to have

named the

different species to
;

commemorate
B. demissa,

this friendship

and

this quarrel.

Thus, B. elata

is

said to express

the extent of their friendship

are,

its

decrease

and B.

alienata, their final quarrel.

for

The first two names

them appears too

however, so well accounted for by the habits of the respective plants, that this origin
I I

fanciful.

242

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

1. BkOWALLIA DEMISSA,

Lin.

THE DWARF, OR SPREADING BROWALLIA.

I

Engbavings.

Bot

Mag.

t.

1136; and our ^^.

3, in Plate 44.

the base.

Peduncles axillary, l-flowered,

and

are, as

well

as

the

Specific Ciuracteh.

Leaves

ovate-oblong, acuminated, oblique at

branches, downy.

Caljx glabrous.

(G. Don.)
The
species
is

Description, &c.

The

leaves of this plant are hairy, and the flowers vary from a bright but pale blue to
all

purple or red, and sometimes there are flowers of

the three colours on the same plant at once.

It is a

a native of South America, where

high.
first

it is

called Botanera.

low-growing plant, seldom rising above

it

six inches

It

was introduced

in 1735, under the

Miller, tlie

name

of Dalea, as

was supposed

to belong to that genus,

and was

cultivated

by Philip

author of the well-known Gardener's Dictionary,

when he was

curator of

the Botanic Garden at Chelsea.

Seeds are

common
till

in the seed-shops,

and they should be sown in a hotbed,

then transplanted into pots, and not planted out

June.

2. BROWALLIA ELATA,
Enoratings
Variety.

Lin.

THE TALL BROWALLIA.

Specific Charictf,r.

B.

Bot. Mag.
e.

t.

34; and aurfin.

2, in Plate 44.

Leaves

oval, acuminated. Peduncles axillary.

alba,

Hort,; has the flowers white.

one or many-flowered. ^(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

A
J

tall,

upright-growing plant, with corymbs of dark blue flowers

plant,

the stem
is

is

strong

and much branched, and the whole

and was introduced
those of B. demissa.
in

when allowed room

to

grow,
;

is

very handsome.

It

a native of Peru,
like

768.

Seeds are

common

in the seed-shops

and they should be sown on a hotbed,

The

plants are generally

grown

in pots for placing

air in

under a veranda or in a greenhouse

but they are quite hardy enough for planting out in the open

Jlay or June, and they are very ornamental.

3.BROWALLIA ELONGATA, H.
SywoNYME.

B.

et

Kunth.
1

THE ELONGATED BROWALLIA.

Peduncles l-flowered, axillary.
Branchlets,
peduncles, and

B.

lactea,

Hori.
ovate, acuminated, rounded at tho

base.

Specific Character.

Leaves

calyxes, clothed with hairy pubescence.

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.

The flowers of

this species are blue, spottAlJyith

a peculiarly dead white, which looks as

though a few drops of milk had been sprinkled on the flower.

The stem and branches rather angular and

weaker stem.

downy

and the leaves are hairy.

The plant

is

as tall as B. data, but with a

4. BROWALLIA GRANDIFLORA, Graham.

Engravings.
Specific
petioles

THE LARGE-FLOWERED BROWALLIA.

the
tops
of the branches.

Bot.

Mag.

t.

3069

and out Jig.

1, in

Plate 44.
into

Branches and adult calyxes glabrous.

Character.

Leaves

ovate,

acute, attenuated
axillary,

the
1

(G. Don.)

at the base.

Peduncles l-flowered,

racemose at

Description, &c.

This
;

species

is

one of the

tallest of

the genus, as

it

generally grows

two

feet high,

and

branches in proportion

the flowers are also very large, though they are not so handsome as most of the other

kinds, on account of their pale colour.

The

species

is

a native of Peru, but

it is

rather hardier than the others,

and

will thrive well even if

sovm

in the

oprn border.

Seeds are to be procured at Charlwood's and other

seed-shops.

3 L'\<ioi>^umdi

itm^A^'Ur^.^'', '4^*ei>iia^i^ aUe^i-ruftli/

7cAi<^(*i'^^'^^i^^'^:^- -

<!^ ,.A4<><^M-K^j2^*nfi>t/4.^irii-

OF ORNAMEIVTAL ANNUALS.

243

6. BROWALLIA CORDATA,
S\NONYME.
Engraving.
B.
ffi'andiflnra, Ltitdl.
t.

G. Don.

THE CORDATE-LEAVED BROWALLIA.

cles l-llo\vcred,

racemose at the tops of the branches.

Branches and

Bot. Reg.

1384.
cordate-ovate, acuminated.
is

Spkcific Charactkr.

Leaves

adult calyxes glabrous.

(G. Don.'*

Peilun-

Description,

&c.This

the plant figured under the

name
is

of B. grandiflora in the Botanical Register, but

it

differs considerably

from the plant to which the same name

given in the Botanical Magazine.

The

flowers are

much
is

smaller, they are of a deeper blue, or of pure white, with a dark yellow eye,
;

and the under

It is

side of the petals

yellow

the leaves are cordate, and of a dull green

in 1829.

and the whole plant

is

smaller.

a native of Peru,

and was introduced

The

culture

is

the same as that of the other species.

CHAPTER

XLI.

SOLANACE.E.
Essential Character.

Calyx

usually 5-cleft, persistent.

Corolla
5,

Albumen

fleshy.

Herbs

or shrubs with a peculiarly nauseous

smoU.

usually 5-clcft, monopetalous,

epipetalous.

usually regular.

Stamens usually

Leaves alternate.

Inflorescence variable, but generally extra-axillary.

Style one.

Fruit capsular or baccate, 2 to 4-celled.

(G. Don.)
it

Dkscription, &c.
such as the

The order Solanaceae

is

a very interesting one, as

contains not only

many

useful plants,

common

potato, the capsicum, and the tomato, but

some of our most splendid

flowers, such as the

Daturas and Brugmansias, the Petunias, and the

Salpiglossis,

different kinds of Tobacco.

;

Many

botanists include the genera

Schizantlius,

and Browallia,

in the Solanaceae

but others place them, as

;

we have

done, in the

Scrnphularinse.

Several of the plants belonging to Solanaceae are narcotic poisons

as, for
soil,

example, the deadlyall

nightshade, the henbane, and the thorn-apple.

All the species require a rich free

and they are

robust

and vigorous- growing, taking up a great deal of room, and being therefore quite

unfit for small gardens.

GENUS
NICOTIANA,
Lin. Syst.

I.

Tourn.

THE TOBACCO.
;

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
limb equal.

Generic Character.

Calyx

tubular.

Corolla funnel-shaped, or sa-ver-shaped

j

Stamens rather unequal, inclosed or exserted.

Capsule dehiscing by 4 parts at the apex

placentas free. (G.

Don.)

Description,
thick leaves,

&c.The
England

different kinds of
for

Tobacco have
snuff.

all

ornamental tube-shaped flowers, and very large

are cultivated for these purposes abroad, and
fact,

which are used

in
;

making tobacco and

this

They

sometimes even
person
is

though in

country they are generally grown for their flowers, and, in

no

here permitted to

grow more than

half an acre of tobacco without purchasing a licence from the Excise.

in gardens, partly

The

different kinds of

Tobacco are by no means common

on account of the room they take up

their rapidly

from their thick and branching stems and tne large

exhausting the
soil.

size of their leaves,

and partly on account of

in

The name

of Nicotiana

was given
first

to the genus

by Tournefort,
;

honour of M. Nicot, the

French ambassador to Portugal, who introduced the

species of

it

into France

and that of Tobacco, from the

name given by
are,

the native Indians to the pipe they used in smoking.

The

principal species
A^.

grown

for their leaves

N. tabacnm, the Virginian tobacco; N. macrophylla, the Oroonoko tobacco; and

nM<u;a,the

common tobacco.

ii2

244

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN.

l._NICOTIANA TABACUM,
Synonymes.
ngravings.
Bot.
1, t.

Lin.
I

N. HavanenBls, Lag. Wood Metl. Bot.

Bot. Gard. No. 160
;

N. Virginiana, Hort.
(>9
;

THE VIRGINIAN TOBACCO. oblong-lanceolate, Spfcific Character. Leaves

sessile,

acnmi;

t.

Stcv,

et
1, in

Cliurch.

Med.

nated

lower ones deeurrent

throatof the roroUainflately vcuUicose

37

and our Jig,

Plate 45,

segments of the limb acuminated.

(G. Don.)
with very large leaveH and
This species was the
in 1560.
first

Description, &c.

very vigorous plant, growing from four to six

feet high,

pink flowers, which appear rather small in proportion to the

discovered, and, according to Linnaeus,
it

size of the

plant.

was brought by the Spaniards to Europe

first

About the same

period

it

appears to have been cultivated by the

English settlers in Virginia,

who had
diseases),

observed the use

made

of the leaves
their example.

by the Indians (who imagined About 1607, tobacco was

roll of

that smoking

would cure several

it

and wished to imitate

in such request in Virginia that

passed generally in lieu of

money

and a man who had a

had a purse of money.
story of Sir "Walter at

tobacco in his pocket, could purchase a dinner or procure a bed, as well as one

who
The

Tobacco was brought to England, in the reign of Elizabeth, by Sir Walter Raleigh.
first

keeping the use of the plant a

out of his master's
I.

secret,

and

of its being discovered

fire

by a

servant,

who

when he saw smoke coming

known,
as is the

mouth thought he was on

and threw water in

his face, is well

work written by James

Emperor

against smoking.

James, however, was not the only sovereign opposed

of

to tobacco, as the
all

of the Turks, the

Grand Duke
was

Moscow, the King

of Persia, and

Pope Urban VIII.

issued similar prohibitions;

and

in 1689, an edict

issued in Transylvania, threatening those

who should

plant tobacco with the confiscation of their estates.

At prtsent,

tobacco

is

cultivated to a great extent, chiefly in the

as an article of

West

Indies and the Southern states of North America.

When grown
;

commerce, the plants are

its

raised in beds, and then planted out in the fields three feet apart
is

and when they send up a flower-stalk,

top

nipped
;

ofi",

to strengthen the leaves.

tiie

When

the leaves become brittle, they are cut with a knife close to the

ground

they are then carried to

drying-shed, whore they are

to heat them,

hung up

in pairs to dry.

They

are afterwards

laid in heaps,

and covered with blankets,

;

and on the nicety of

this operation the

goodness of the

tobacco depends

as

if

the leaves are overheated, they are spoiled,

is

and

if

not sufficiently, they are deficient in the

is

intoxicating properties for which the tobacco

chiefly valued.

Wiien no more heat

of the tobacco into

perceivable in the heaps,

&c., generally takes

the leaves are packed in casks for exportation.

place in England, though

The manufacture
in

snufi^,

some

cigars are

made

Cuba and

other places.

The

leaves are first carefully cleansed

their decayed parts are picked
salt,

from any earth or other impurities that

out
;

may

have become attached to them, and

liquorice

all

they are then moistened with

is

salt

and water, or a decoction of

and

&c., and the midrib of

each leaf
tlie

cut out.

The most

perfect leaves are then rolled

it

up

to form cigars, a reed or iron pin being kept in

centre of the cigar,

and the leaves rolled round

rolls for

by a kind
;

of machine.

Some
is

of the remainder of the tobacco

is

then spun into cords, or twisted into

chewing

and another part

is

cut into shreds by an instrument the leaves, and grinding them in a

like a straw-cutting machine, for

smoking

in pipes.

Snuff

made by drying

mill

and there are many

shag tobacco,
is

different kinds, differing in their fineness

and in the scents mixed with them.

coarser leaves are used for

What

is called

made by drying

the leaves on copper.

The

making tobacco-

water, or for fumigation, to destroy insects.

There are many

vaiieties of the Virginian tobacco,

its

but the species

is

the kind usually

it

grown

in British

gardens, where, though

leaves are sometimes gathered and dried for use,

is

principally cultivated as a

handsome border

flower.

It requires

a light but rich

soil.

The seeds should be

raised on a slight hotbed, or in

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
a

245
to flower, should be planted about

warm

border

and the

plants,

when removed

to the beds

where they are

three feet apart every

lest

way.

AVhile the plants are young,

tlie

joints of the leaves should be frequently examined,

they should be attacked by a caterpillar, which often destroys the young opening leaves, and consequently

the beauty of the plant.

2. NICOTIANA MACROPHYLLA,
Synonyues.

Spreng.
Hort.
;

THE LARGE-LEAVED, OR OROONOKO TOBACCO.

N.
\

N.

l.ttissima,

J^iilL

N.

gigantea,

jit

the base

throat

of corolla inflately veutrieose

eegnients of the

tahaeurn, uar. macrophylltini.

limb short, acuminated.

{G.Don.')

Specific Character.

Leaves

stem-clasinng, ovate, acuto, auiicled

is

'

Description, &c.

This

the largest species of tobacco, as

it

frequently grows seven or eight feet high, with

great resemblance to the
its

enormous

leaves

and pink flowers.

it is

The whole plant bears a

This
is

common

Virginian

tobacco, except that

larger in all its parts.

much grown in Cuba, and

it is

leaves are used for

making

the larger and coarser kinds of

Havannah

cigars.

In England

generally confounded with V. iabacum, and

the year of

its

introduction

is

uncertain.

3. NICOTIANA RUSTICA,
Varieties.

Lin.

THE ROBUST, OR COMMON ENGLISH TOBACCO.

is

These

are very

numerous

but the kind best known

Specific Character

Stem

terete; leaves petiolate, quite entire

N.

r.

2, Asiatica,
;

Hojt.

N. scabra,

SchuUea ; Cav. ; N.

sjn. N. Sibirica,
rngosa, Mill.

Hort.; N.

Tatarita,

tube of corolla cylindrical, longer than the calyx; segments of the

leaf roundish, obtuse.

(G.

Don.)
it is

Description, &c.
eradicate, that
it

This
;

is

the hardiest of all the kinds

It

and, indeed,

when once sown,

so difficult to

may

be almost considered a weed.

was one

of the first species introduced, having been

brought to England in 1570

and

it is

the plant

known among

the Indians

by the name

of Petun.

It is a plant

of no beauty, the flowers being of a dirty greenish-yellow, and the whole plant being covered with

clammy

hairs,

extremely disagreeable to the touch.

leaves, wliith,

It

is,

however, very generally grown in large kitchen-gardens

efficacious for

for the

from their strong, rank odour, are considered very

fumigating insects, &c.

Seeds

are

common

in all the seed-shops,

and they only require

to

be sown in the open border.

4. NICOTIANA LANGSDORFII,
Engravings. Bot. Mag.
Plate 45.
t.

Wein.
i

LANGSDORFFS TOBACCO.
superior ones almost sessile, decurront
(^G.
;

2221, and

t.

2555

and

our/i:;. 8, in

petiolate;

tube of corolla

clavate; segments of the limb obtuse.

I

Don.)

Specific Character.

Stem

branched

lower leaves ovate, obtuse,

Description,
This species
at
is

&g. A

very handsome plant, growing about three feet high, with clear yellowish-green flowers.
it

a native of Brazil, from which country

It

was sent

to

Europe by M. Langsdorff, the Russian consul

Rio de Janeiro.

was introduced into England

in

1819, but

it is

by no means common

in collections.

S.-NICOTIANA LONGIFLORA,
Engravings.Swt.
fig. 5, in Plate

Cav.
]

THE LONG-FLOWERED TOBACCO.

cordate-.anceoiate,

Brit.

Flow. Card. 2ud Scr.

t.

196; and our

acummated
'''^

tube of the corolla long, filiform, five

;

45.

t'"' ng''

'"

subfoliaccous calyx

lobes of corolla orate.

Specific

Character.

Scabrous

caulino

leaves

stem-clasping,

lanceolate,

acute. (G. Don.)

corolla,

Description,

&c. A

very elegant

species,

from the great length and slenderness of the tube of the

which

is

delicately white on its inner surface,

feet,

and greenish

outside.

The plant

is

of rather

low growth, rarely

exceeding two

and the leaves are of much

feebler texture than those of

most

of the other species.

The

246
Utiwer does not expand
till

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN.

evening, or in cloudy weather.
Soeds>

This species

is

a native of Chili and Buenos Ayres,

;

and

it

was introduced

in 1832.

may

be purchased at any of the seed-shops

and they should be raised on

a slight hotbed in March, and planted out in May,

when they
killed

will

come

into flower in July,

and continue

producing a succession of blossoms

till

October, or

till

by the

frost.

G.NICOTIANA NOCTIFLORA, Hooh.

Synonyme.
Engravings. and onvjif/. 3,
?

THE NIGHT-FLOWERING TOBACCO.

adpressed
iiaira.

N. undulata, Vent.

Leaves petiolaie, oblong-lanccolute, acute, undulately

of corolla cyUiidrical,

liot.

Mag.
4.').

t.

2785; Swt.

Brit.

Flow. Card.

t.

262;
with

curled.

Tube

much

longer than the calyx

in Plate

segments of corolla equal, obcordately eniarginate.

SpKciFic Character.

Glandular

(G. Don.)
but somewhat

and clammy, and beset

Description, &c.

A very
The

interesting species,

growing about two

feet high,

with an

erect,

lender, branching stem.

leaves are small,

till

and much waved

at the margin.

The

flowers,

which are pro-

duced in panicles, do not expand

evening
is

the corollas are white, and purple beneath.

clothed with numerous short,
is

The flowers when

which have a very
were sent home by

expanded are very fragrant

disagreeable smell

but the plant

clammy

hairs,
it

when

touched.

The

species

a native of the Andes, whence seeds of

Dr. Gillies and Mr. Cruikshanks. in 1826.

It succeeded quite well in the

open border in the Glasgow Botanic

little

Garden, where

it

flowered in the month of August.

During the day, the plants made but

show ; but

towards evening, the flowers, which were during the day curiously folded up, slowly expanded, displaying
degrees their pure white surface, and yielding a delightful fragrance.

by

Seeds

may

be procured in the principal

seed-shops

7.NICOTIANA TERSICA,
Engravings.
Spf.cific
;

Lindl.

THE PERSIAN, OR SHIRAZ TOBACCO.

I

Character.
;

Plate 45. Bot. Rce. 1592 and our/r/. Clothed with clammy down. Radical
7, in

hardly rcpand.

Calyx acutely 5-toothed.

Corollu salver-shaped,

mth

leaves

a long clavate tube, aud ovate, obtuse, eniarginate, rather unequal segments.

obloDg-spatulate

cauliue ones sessile, half stem-clasping, acuminated,

(G.

Don.)

Description, &c.
within
;

The
To

flowers of this species are very handsome, being green on the outside, and white

they are produced in racemes, and are very sweet-scented at night.

is

From
it
is

the leaves

is

made

the

celebrated Shiraz tobacco, which

valued in proportion as the leaves of which

composed are thick, tough,

;

and uniformly yellow.

obtain this result, the plants are continually watered while they are growing
is

and

when they have

This
is

attained their full size, each plant

cut off close to the root, and stuck firmly into the ground.

in September,

when the heavy night-dews

fall,

and these soon change the leaves from green to the desired

yellow.

The

leaves are then laid in heaps to heat, after

which the stalks and midribs are thrown away, and

the leaves are formed into cakes, which are pressed firmly together and packed in bags.
for ornament, the Shiraz tobacco is quite hardy,

When grown

merely

and only requires sowing in the open border.

8. NICOTIANA ACUMINATA,
Synoiyme.
Sfeclfio

Sims.

THE POINTED-LEAVED TOBACCO.

Panicles fevv-llowered. Calyx nated, undnlated, on longish petioles. Calycine segments narrow. Corolla clothed with glandular down. with an elongated tube, and roundish obtuse segments. {G. Don.)

Engraving.

acuminata, Graham. Our fy. 45. CHiLKACTER. Do\?ny. Leaves

^Petunia
2, in PI.

broad, lanceolate, acumi-

Description, &c.

The

flowers are whitish, and not very handsome.

The

species

is

a native of Valparaiso,
in the

whence

it

was introduced

in 1828,

by Dr.

Gillies.

It requires

no other care than sowing

open border,

but we do not

know where

seeds are to be procured.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
0. NICOTIANA REPANDA,
Synonymes.
Willd.

141

THE WAVED-LEAVED HAVANNAH TOBACCO.

ish,

N. H. B. Kth. 2484. Engbatings. Bot. Mag.

lyrata,

el

repandly undulated, sometimes lyrate.

Tube
acutisli.

of

tlic

corolla slender,

t.

very long.

Segments of the limb ovate,

Specific Character.

Leaves stem-clasping, cordate-spatulate, round-

(G.

Don,)

Description, &c.
being downy, as
is

The flowers are of

it

a pale pink, and rather small

and the leaves are smooth, instead

is

of

generally the case with most of the other species.

This species
;

a native of Cuba, particularly

cigars,

near Havannah, whence

was introduced by Mr. G. Don,

its leaves.

in

1820

and the small Havannah

sometimes

called Queen's, are made from

It

is

hardy, and only requires sowing in the open border.

10.NICOTIANA
Enokavino.
Sbecific

NANA,
Radical

Lindl.
1

THE DWARF TOBACCO.

longer than the solitary flowers.

Character.

Bot. Reg. 833. Leaves

t.

Corolla longer than the calyx, with

lanceolate,

pilose.

ones

'

obtuse segments,

(G. Don.^
delicate texture,
it

Description, &c.
white flowers which

A very curious
rise

little species,

not growing more than three or four inches high, with pure

from

the axils of the leaves,

and leaves of very

from which the

Portuguese prepare their

is

finest tobacco.

The

Indians also set a high value upon

it

as a medicine.

The

species

rather rare, being only found on rocky mountains, where

flowers in -June.

It

was introduced

in 1823.

11.NICOTIANA MULTIVALVIS,
Engravings.

Lindl.
i

THE MANY-VALVED TOBACCO.

Calyx many-parted.
Capsules many-celled.

Bot.

Reg.

t.

1057

and our Jig. 4, in Plate 45.

Leaves

solitary.

Segments of

SfEciFic CHAfiACTER.
fleshy,

Clotlicd
;

with viscid hairs or down.

corolla obtuse, deeply veined

(G. Don.)

ovate-lanceolate

lower ones petiolate.

Flowers axillary,
it

'

Description, &c.
fetid odour.

This
in

species,

though
all

has showy

flowers, has leaves of a peculiarly rank

and almost

It

is,

however, preferred to

others for

smoking by the Indians on the banks of the Columbia.

The calyx
feet high,

is

inflated

and ribbed, and when

ripe, it divides into several valves.

TKe plant grows two

or three

and flowers

August or September.

The

seeds should be raised on

a hotbed in February, then trans-

planted into pots in March, and finally transferred to the open border, without breaking the ball of earth round
tire roots,

in April or

May

or they

may be sown

in the

open border in March or April.

It is a native of

California,

and was introduced in

182(3.

12. NICOTIANA
Synonymes.
fViltd,
;

GLUTINOSA,

Lin.

THE GLUTINOUS TOBACCO

Specific

Tahacus Engravings.

Sairanthus glutinosus,
viridis,

G.Don;
Brit.

Nicotiaua militaris,

Character.

Erect,

branched,

and villonsly Llammy.

Mosnch.
t.

Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate, acuminated.

Racemes terminal,

erect,

Bot. Rep.

484; Swt.

Flow. Card.

t.

107

eecund.

Corollas clothed with

clammy

baits outside.

and our Jig.

6, iu Plate 45.

Description, &c.
difi'ers

A very singular
in the
(viz.

plant, which,
its corolla,

though agreeing with the Tobaccos

class

in

most

particulars, yet

from them so much

shape of

as to belong properly to another

and order, according to

the Linnajan system

Didynamia Angiospermia,

instead of Pentandria Monogynia).

To

reconcile

this

discrepancy, Mr.
antkoi, a flower
this plant
it is
;

Don

has formed of this species a

new

genus, which he calls Sairanthus,- from eairo, to clean, and

distinctive

in allusion to the ringent corolla,

which constitutes the

mark

of separation

between

and the true Nicotianas. The plant grows from two to four
It

feet

high

its

flowers are of a dull red, and

covered with clammy hairs, very disagreeable to the touch.

is

a native of Peru, and was introduced in

1759.

The

seeds are
if

common

sowing in the open border, in the seed-shops, and tliey require no other care than

and thinning out

necessary.

248

THE LADIES' FLOWEU-GAKUEN.

OTHER SPECIES OF NICOTIANA.

The following have been introduced
N.
into our gardens.
Willd.
;

LANCIFOLIA,

N.

YBARRENSIS, H.

B.

et

Kunth.

A native

of Quito, with purple, bell-shaped flowers.

is

Introduced in 1823.

The plant grows from two

to

three feet high, and

clothed with

clammy
N.

hairs.

PUSILLA,

Lin.

N. HUMILIS, Ehret.

A
Cruz.

low

plant, not

growing more than a

foot high,

with small yellowish-green flowers.

native of

Vera

Introduced in 1733.
N.

PANICULATA,

Lin.

N.

VIRIDIFLORA,

Cav.

Flowers green, and produced in terminal panicles.

N.

native of Peru.

Introduced in 1752.

CERINTHOIDES, Home.

Flowers greenish-yellow; capsule

conical.

A
N.

native of America.

Introduced in 1821.

DILATATA,

Link.

Flowers white, leaves large

in

the lower ones being generally a foot long and four inches broad.

Introduced

1820.
N.

PLUMBAGINIFOLIA,

Viv.

N. CRISPA, Jacq.

Plant scabrous and hairy, with narrow leaves and white flowers, which are of a rusty hue beneath.
of

native

South America.

Introduced in 1816.
N. VISCOSA, Lenm.

Flowers white, and, as well as the whole plant, clammy.

N.

native of Buenos Ayres.

Introduced in 1821.

BONARIENSIS, Lehm.

Flowers white

plant downy, but not clammy.

N.

native of Buenos Ayres.

Pursh, Bot. Mag.
t.

Introduced in 1821.

QUADRIVALVIS,
smell.

1778.

The whole

plant

clammy, with an impleasant

Introduced in 1811.
N.

Flowers white, and capsule four-valvcd.

native of

the banks of the Missouri.

ALATA, Link

et Otto.

native of Brazil.

Introduced in 1829.

The stem

is

winged ; whence the name.

GENUS

II.

SOLANUM,
Grneric Charactrr.

Toume.
Lin. Syst.

THE SOLANUM, OR NIGHTSHADE.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Corolla rotate, rarely campanulate, usually 5-cleft.

Calyx

5-cleft, rarely 4-cIeft.

Anthers connivcnt, dehiscing

by pores at the apex.

Berry

2, rarely

4-celkd.

Description. &c.

The

(G. Don.}
we

flowers of

all

the species bear a great resemblance to those of the potato, which

should probably think very ornamental

if

they were not so common, and the berries are generally very showy.

There are

many

annual species

but some of them, such as the Egg-plant, require the protection of a stove, and
;

others are not yet introduced, or have been lost to our gardens

we

shall therefore describe very few.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS,
1.

249

SOLANUM FONTANESL\NUM,
Ilort.

Dunal.
|

DESFONTAINES' NIGHTSHADE.
Leaves
deeply pinuatifid.

SyNOHYME.-Nycterium Fontanesianum, Uud.

Engravings

BHt.
46.
|

pilose.

Segments sinuatcd.
little

CoioUa.
ape.'s,

Bot. Reg.

t.

Specific CuiRACTER,

Stem

177

and our^^;.

5, in Plate

almost regular.

Anthers small

lower one a

curved at the

rather woody, though annual, prickly,

brown.

{G.Don.')

Description,
spiny calyxes.

&c.A

coarse weedy-looking plant, growing three or four feet high, with yellow flowers and

The stem and branches

are also covered with strong spines

prickles,

and the leaves are very rough, much

waved

or curled at their edges,

armed with

and covered with a whitish down.

The plant

is

supposed

to be a native of Brazil,

and

it

was introduced

in 1813.

2.SOLANUM

CAMPANULATUM,
;

R. Br.
I

THE BELL-FLOWERED NIGHTSHADE.

ovate, angularly-lobed, hairy, very prickly on both surfaces, ai well aa
I

Bot. Mag. Specific Character.

Engravings,

t.

3672

and out Jig. 6, in Plate 46.

Leaves

Pricklei crowded, straight, subulate.

thecalyxes. Racemessimple,armed. Corollascampanulate.(G. Z)o.)

Description, &c.

A very handsome
lost, it

species,

a native of

New

Holland, near Port Jackson, whence

it

was

introduced in 1819, but being soon

was re-introduced

in 1837.

OTHER SPECIES OF SOLANUM.

S.

RACEMIFLORUM,
;

Don.

S.

SCABRUM,
and
red.

Jacq.

Flowers white, but rose-coloured beneath

country of which
is

berries large

A very

handsome

species, the native

not

known ;
S.

introduced in 1818.
Lin.
j

^THIOPICUM,
;

LYCOPERSICUM
fruit is large, red,

.ffiTHIOPICUM,

Mill.

The flowers
apple.

are white and drooping

varieties
;

and the

and resembling that of the Tomato or Love-

There are several

one with

lilac

flowers and large white fruit, another with dark purple fruit,

and another with small yellow berries not larger than peas.
having been introduced before 159?.
S.

The

species is

an old inhabitant of our gardens,

DILLENII,

SchuUes.

A native of Hungary, with small white flowers, and the berries marked with white dots.
S.

Introduced in 1818.

GUINEENSE, Lam.
;

The

flowers are whitish, or of a pale violet colour

ripe.

and the berry

is

round, about the size of a small cherry,

and black and shiny when

A native of
S.

Guinea, introduced in 1817-

NIGRUM,

Lin.

THE GARDEN NIGHTSHADE.

and
also in

This plant
white
J

is

common

as a

weed

in gardens,

waste ground, throughout Europe.

This
is

Its flowers are

and

its berries,

which resemble black currants, are poisonous.

the Yerba

morn

of the Spaniards,

and the Morelle a fruits noirs or Morelle creve-chien of the French.

South of Europe
;

There are several

varieties, natives of the

but none of

sufficient

beauty to be deserving of cultivation.

S.

FISTULOSUM,

Rich.

The stems

are hollow, but in other respects this species resembles S. Guineense.

There are two

varieties,

one

with black berries and the other with red ones.

about 1820.

The

species is a native of the East Indies,

and was introduced

K K

250

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

S.

INCERTUM,

Dun.
red,

Tliere are

many

varieties of this species

some with black, some with

in
S.
1

and some with yellow

fruit,

natives of India.

The

species

was introduced

823.
Mill.

RUBRUM,

A native

of the East Indies, generally with the berries red or copper-coloured, introduced in 1817-

There

are above twenty other kinds

which have been introduced, but which appear to be now

lost.

GENUS

III.

SARACHA,
Generic Chahacter. Calyx 5
-cleft.

RuizetPavon.

THE SARACHA.
Stamens bearded.
Anthers separate, dehiscing lengthwise.

Lin. Syst.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Corolla campanu lately rotate, reflexcd.

Berry 2-ceUed, covered by the calyx to the middle.

(G. Don.} Leaves

twin, unequal, ovate, quite entire,
villous

1. SARACHA
num
procumbens, Dec.
el

PROCUMBENS,
;

2iuiz et Pavon.
;

THE PROCUMBENT SARACHA.

when young,
on the margins and

Synonymes. Atropa procumbens, Cav.

;

A.

plicata,

Roth.

Sola-

Specific Character.

Physalis solanacefe,

Ment.

Bellinia pro-

glabrous in the adult state, but

back.

cumbens, R(em.

Schulles.

Flowers umbellate, drooping.

Filaments glabrous.

G. Don.)

Description, &c.

A procumbent
A

plant, the flowers of

which are cream-coloured, with a green margin, and

the berries- small and shining.

native of Peru, introduced in 1822.

The genus Saracha was named by Ruiz

and Pavon
introducing

in

honour of Isidore Saracha, a Benedictine monk, and a good botanist, who was the means of
plants to the Botanic

many

Garden at Madrid.
is

The genus

differs

very slightly in a botanical point

of view from Solarium,

and the culture

the same as that of the different kinds of nightshade.

We

do not

know where

seeds are to be procured.

2.SARACHA
Synonymes.
umbellata,

UMBELLATA,
;

Dec.
;

THE UMBELLATE-FLOWERED SARACHA.

Specific Character.

Atropa umhellata, Roth.

et Schultes.

A. Rothii, Poir.

Bellinia

Erect, hairy,

much
j

branched.

Leaves ovate,
Flowers

Rmm,

Engravings.

wrinkled, entire, shining, acute, scabrous

t.

floral

ones twin.

Swit. Brit. Flow. Card.

85.

umbellate, drooping.

Filaments bearded

at the base.

(G.Don.)

Description, &c.

This

is

the most

common

species of Saracha.

It

is

a strong, vigorous-growing plant,

with a thick, deeply channelled stem.

S.

The

flowers,

which are produced

is

in umbels, are smaller

than those of

procumhem, but they are of the same

colour.

The berry

of a dark purple.

3. SARACHA VISCOSA,
Enoravinqs.

Schrad.

THE CLAMMY SARACHA.

cordate, acuminated, sinuately toothed,
cles

Swt.

Brit.

Flow. Gard., 2nd Ser.

t.

323

and our

and sometimes
woolly.

entire.

Peduncalyx

fig. 4, in Plate 46.

Specific
pubescence,

Character
and
viscid.

umbellate.

Throat of

corolla

Fructiferous

Clothed

in

every

part

with

glandular
twin,

coloured.

(G.

Don.)

Stem

erect,

suffruticose.

Leaves
:

Description, &c.
high
;

very handsome plant

the stems are slender and graceful, growing about a foot

;

the flowers large, cream-coloured, and marked with numerous olive-coloured spots
scarlet.

and the berry large

It
air.

and of a bright

The plant
;

is

a native of Mexico, whence

it is

it

was introduced

in

1835.

was

at first

treated as a greenhouse perennial

are not

but

now found

to succeed best as an annual in the

open

The

seeds

common, but when they can be

obtained, they only require sowing in

March

or April in the open border.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

251

NICANDRA,
Generic Characteu.

Adan.

GENUS IV. THE ALKEKENGI, OR KITE-FLOWER.

PENTANDRIA MONOGNYIA.
sagittate.

Lin. Sysl.

Calyx

5-parted, inflated.

Segments

Corolla campanulate.

Stamens incurved.

Berry

fleshy,

d-celled,

covered by the calyx.

(G. Don.)

NICANDRA PHYSALOIDES,
Synonymes.
P. datursefolia,

GcBrtn.

THE ALKEKENGI, OR KITE-FLOWER.

;

Atropa
Lam.
;

physaloides, Lin.

Physalis peruviana. Mill.

Specific Character.
twin.

Plant

glabrous,

much

branched.

Leaves

Calydermos

erosos,
:

Ruiz

ei

Pavon.
in Plate 46.

Flowers extra-axillary,

solitary, drooping.

Engravings.

Bot.

Mag.

t.

245B

and ourjig. 3,

Description, &c.
situations,

A very

strong, vigorous plant, growing from four feet to six feet high in favourable

and sending out numerous branches.

The

flowers are large and showy, and the fruit resembles that

of the winter cherry, being enclosed in a large inflated capsule.

The stem

is

purple, and the branches are reddish,

the colour becoming brighter in the petioles or footstalks of the leaves, and often spreading

down

the mid-ribs.
into

The

plant

is

a native of Peru, from which country

it

it

was

first

sent to France.

It

was introduced
it

England

in 1759,

and

has ever since been a favourite in large gardens and shrubberies, though
is

should never be grown

except where there

of the

abundance of room.

The name

of

Nicandra was given to

this genus

by Adanson

in
;

honour
physa-

memory

of Nicander, a

Greek physician, who

lived about a hundred and fifty years before Christ

loides alludes to the great

resemblance between the berries of this plant and those of physalis, the winter cherry

and Alkekmgi

is its

Peruvian name.

The

seeds are

common

in all the seed-shops,

and they only require to b

to leave those remaining in

sown

in rich earth In

March

or April,

and then thinned out and transplanted, so as

the bed at least three feet apart every

way.

This species

is

sometimes called the Peruvian Winter Cherry.

DATURA,

Lin.

GENUS V. THE DATURA, OR THORN-APPLE.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Corolla conically funnel-shaped.

Lin. Sysl.

Genek.c CHARACTER.-Calyx angular, 5-toothed, deciduous.

Stigma 2.1obed.

Capsule smooth, or

echinated.

(G. Don.)

l.-DATURA STRAMONIUM,
Synonymhs.
Gterln.
;

Lin.
;

THE STRAMONIUM, OR COMMON THORN-APPLE.

vulgatum,
Specific

Stramonium
;
t.

vulgare,
S.

Mosnch.

S.

Character. Leaves

ovate, angularly toothed, cuneidirni

S. fcetidum, Scop.

spinosum,

Lam.
vol.
ii.

at the base, smoothish, giecn.

t.

Capsule furnished with nearly equal-

Engravings.

Eng. Bot.

1288, 2nd ed.

315.

sized spines or prickles.

(G. Don.)

native of England, has now become very remarkable plant, which, though not a trae found, however, near the common as a we*d in this country, among rubbish, or on dunghills; being always much used as a medicine, and about twenty habitations of men. It is a strong narcotic poison, but it has been Liko considered exceUent for the asthma or thirty years ago, smoking part of the dried roots and stem waa

Description,

&c._A

252

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN.

other supposed remedies,
it

many

has however fallen into disuse

is

and the Stramonium

is

now

seldom grown,

except in shrubberies, or other places where there

leaves
is

abundance of room, and where a plant with large shoviy

wanted to produce an

effect.

2.DATURA TATULA,
SvNONYME.
Plate 46.

Lin.

THE TATULA, OR PURPLE THORN-APPLE.

Specific Character. Leaves cordate-ovate, angularly toothed, un1, in

Engravings.

Stramonium Tatula, M(ench. Flow. Card. Swt. 33

Brit.
t.

and our fig.

equal at the base, glabrous.

spines or prickles.

Capsule furnished with

nearly equal

(G. Don.)

Description, &c.
purple, but

Tlie stem is erect,

much

branched, and from a foot to eighteen inches high, of a dark

marked with a few

lighter-coloured spots.
lilac,

The

leaves are very handsome, with dark red veins and

fruit is erect

margin.

The
is

flowers are of a pale purple or

with dark-brown calyxes; and the

;

and very thorny.

over great part

The plant
of

found in great abundance on the mountains of the Caraccas

It

but

it is

also

common
The

North America.

was introduced before 1629,

as it

is

mentioned by Parkinson.

seeds,

which are

common
frost

in the seed-shops,

may

be sovra in the open border in April or

May

or in March, if protected from

by a hand-glass

or flower-pot being put over

them

at night.

They

are sometimes raised on a slight hotbed,

air.

but they do better in the open ground, and they never flower well unless in the open

They succeed

best in

warm

border of light rich earth, sheltered

till

from the north

and in such a situation they will continue in blossom

seeds.

the whole summer, and indeed

late in

autumn, ripening abundance of

a DATURA
Specific Character.

FASTUOSA,

Mill.

THE MAGNIFICENT THORN-APPLE.

base, and,

Leaves

ovate, acuminated, repandly toothed, unequal at the

as well as the stem,

downy.

Fruit

tubercled.

(G. Don.)
feet or five feet high,
;

Description, &c.

A magnificent

plant,

growing four

with very large flowers, a native

of the East Indies, Egypt,

and South America.

There are several varieties

;

one of which, a native of the East

Indies, has double flowers, crimson

on the outside and white within

another, a native of Malabar, has semi-

double flowers, of a dark-purple on the outside and white within.

of Parkinson,

This species was introduced before the time

its varieties

1629

but

it is

now

seldom seen in our gardens, though one of

may

be procured in

the seed-shops, under the

name

of the double purple

Stramonium.

4. DATURA METEL,
EKoaAviMG.
Sprciric

Lin.

THE METEL, OR HAIRY THORN-APPLE.

I

Bot. Mag.

t.

1440.
cordate,

toothed,

and, as well

as

the stem, downy.

Limb

of the corolla

Characteb.

Leaves

quite

entire,

or

little

10-toothcd. Calyx terete. Capsule furnished with prickles.

{G. Don.)

Description,

&c. One

of the commonest and smallest of the Daturas, seldom growing more than a foot

or eighteen inches high.

The

flowers are white, and, like those of most of the other species, they fold

up

at

night, the leaves rising to enshroud them.

The

flowers are erect, but

when they

fall,

the capsule becomes

it.

drooping

it is

very thorny, and part of the calyx which remains on, forms a curious kind of hood to

This

species is a native of the East Indies, Africa,

and the Canary

Isles.

The

seeds are

common

in the shops, and

they require the same culture as the other species, with the exception that they will flower best when sown on a
slight

hotbed in February or March, and planted out in May.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

353

6. DATURA CERATOCAULON,
SvNONYMR.-D.
2, in Plate 46.

Ortega.

THE HORNY-STEMMED THORN-APPLE.

.

macrocaulis. Roth.
t.

Specific

CHRACTEH.-Stem

terete,

purplish,

dichotomous, horn-

EN0RAViN<:8.-Bt. Reg.

1031

Bot. Mag.

t.

3352

and our fig.

formed, pilose at the base.

(^G.

Capsule

size of a nut, glabrous,

smooth.-

Don.,
is

Description.

&c. A

magnificent plant, growing four feet or five feet high, with a round stem, which

hom-shaped
capsule
is

at its extremities.

The

flowers are very large, white stained with purple, and sweet-scented.
It is a native of Mexico,
is

The
it

smaller than in most of the other species, and not thorny.

;

whence

was

introduced in 1805

and

it

has also been found in Cuba.

The

culture

the same as that of D. Tatula.

OTHER SPECIES OF DATURA.

D.

FEROX,

Lin.

Closely resembling
prickles.

D. Stramonium, except

in the capsule being furnished with

much

larger

and stronger

native of Cochin-China and Nepaul, introduced iu 1731.

D.

QUERCIFOLIA, H.

B.

et

Kunth.

Nearly

allied to

D. Tatula, but with the leaves shaped

of Mexico, in the

like those of the

common

oak.

The whole plant

is

slightly hairy.

A native

most temperate climates, and consequently quite hardy

in

in England.

Seeds

may

be had at Charlwood's, and they should be sown in the open border

March

or April.

D.

MURICATA,

*
Berntt.

Flowers long and white

of the East Indies.

capsule warted

but not prickly.

Introduced in 1820, and supposed to be a native

D.

GUAYAQUILENSIS,
it is

//.

B.

et

Kunth.

Very nearly
leaves

allied to

D.

Metel, of

which

probably a variety.

The

flowers are white, and the stem and

downy.

A native of humid places

near Guayaquil, introduced in 1820.

Seeds

may be had

at Charlwood's.

There are several other annual species of Datura, natives of South America, which have not yet been
introduced.

All the species are very handsome, and of very easy culture.

The shrubby or

tree species are

its

now

formed into a genus called Brugmansia, from several botanical differences in the flower and
fruit of the

calyx,

and

from the

Brugmansia being always smooth, while

;

that of the

Datura

is

generally prickly.

All the

species are poisonous

and

it is

probably from this circumstance, united to the beauty of the flowers, that the

Datura

is

considered in floral language to represent deceitful charms.

The word Datura

is

said to be a corruption so called, in their

of Tatorah, the Arabic

name

of one of the species. Metel and Tatula are the

is

names of the plants

native countries.

Stramonium

a syncope of the Greek

fruit of the

name

for the

Mad-apple (a kind of Nightshade),

from a supposed resemblance between the

two

plants.

254

THE LADIES' FLOWEH-GARDEN.

GENUS

VI.

HYOSCYAMUS,
Lin. Syst.

Toum.

THE HENBANE.
Limb unequal, with one
Placentas adnate.
of the segmenta larger than

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
{G. Don.)

Gkheric Chakactkr.

Calyx

ventricose.
inclinate.

Corolla campanulatcly funnel-shaped.

the rest.

Stamens

Capsule immersed in the calyx, operculatc.

1.HYOSCYAMUS NIGER,
Enokavimos.

Lin.
316;

THE BLACK OR COMMON HENBANE.

and
scmi-decurrent,
stem-clasping,
sinuatcd.

Eng.

Bot.

t.

591,2nd

Edit. vol.

ii.

t.

Flowers

almost

sessile

oxafig. 5, in Plate 47.

Specific Character.

Corolla reticulated.

Teeth of the calyx mucronate.

Clothed with

(G.

Don.)

clammy

villi.

Leaves

sessile,

Description, &c.
sufficiently

The

flowers

of the

Henbane, though not so showy as those of the Datura, are yet

to so poisonous a plant.

handsome to seem very unsuitable

smell, especially

The

leaves,

however, have a very strong

and disagreeable

when burnt

and

it

has been observed of them, that

when

burning, they throw

out sparks as though they had been sprinkled with

salt.

No

animal can eat this plant with impunity, except

It is a narcotic poison like

perhaps the goat

and

it

is

particularly destructive to poultry.

opium, and

it is

used in medicine for the same purposes as that drag.

viz.

The two

plants also resemble each other in another point

that the seeds of the Henbane, like those of the poppy,

may

be eaten with perfect safety.

Among

the

medical uses of

Henbane

is

one very remarkable one

to perform

it is,

that oculists employ extract of

;

Henbane

to dilate
it

the pupils of the eyes,

when they want

any operation of peculiar delicacy

in a short time

and they apply

;

by

dropping a
of the

little

of the solution into the eye.

The pupU

becomes fearfully dilated

and the
is

effect

Henbane
it

continues several hours, without doing the least injury to the sight.

The plant

a native of

Britain, and

requires no other care than

sowing the seeds in March or April in the open border.

2. HYOSCYAMUS AUREUS,
SiMOHYHF..

Lin.
I

THE GOLDEN HENBANE.

Flowers pedicellate ; the three larger segments of the

Engravings.
Specific

H. Bot. Mag.

Creticus, /"arA:.
t.

gularly-toothed.
corolla undulated.

87

and owi fig. 6, in Plate 47.

petiolate, cordate-ovate, acute,

(G. Don.)

Character. Leaves

an-

Description, &c.
like a tender annual,

A very
it

beautiful species, usually

grown

as a greenhouse perennial, but which, if treated

and raised on a

slight hotbed, will flower beautifully in the

open

air.

It

is

a native of the

south of Europe, and

was

introduced before 1640.

The plant
;

is

not above a foot high, and

it

will flower

from

March

till

October.

It is very seldom found in collections

and we do not know where seeds can be obtained.

OTHER SPECIES OF HYOSCYAMUS.

H. AGRESTIS, Kit.
;

Swt

Brit.

Flow. Gard.

t.

27

H.

NIGER,
t.

Roxb.
;

H. NIGER,

var.

AGRESTIS,

Nees.

H.

NIGER,

var.

ANNUUS,

Sims. Bot. Mag.

2394

H.

BOHEMICUM,

Schmidt.

Flowers rather smaller than those of H. niger, and darker in colour.

A native

of Bohemia, introduced in

1820

probably a variety of

H.

niger,

and requiring the same culture

Wi^' cJi^^^

^ .,^4ifUV-

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.
H.

255

PALLIDUS.

Waldst.

et Kit.

Flowers pale yellow, without any dark veins.

H.

A native of Hungary,
ALBUS,
Lin.

introduced in 1815.

Flowers of a greenish yellow, with spots of green at the base of each

introduced in 1570.
H.

petal.

native of the south of Europe,

MAJOR.

Mill.
;

Flowers pale yellow, with dark purple spots at the base of the petals
before 1596.

a native of the Archipelago, introduced

H.

MUTICA,

Lin.
cleft,

Flowers dark purple on the

segments white
;

inside,

and dark purple on the outside ; the limb

introduced in 1822.
Lin.

and the two lower

stamens purple.

A native of Egypt,
H.

PUSILLUS,

A dwarf
A

plant, not above six inches high, with the flowers small,

and yellow, witfT a violet-coloured

base.

native of Persia, introduced in 1691

H.

AURICULATUS,

Tenore.

Flowers of a bright yellow, veined with dark purple.

A native

of Naples, introduced in 1823.

GENUS
PETUNIA,
Lin. Syst.
Gs^fERic Chahacter.

VII.

Juss.

THE PETUNIA.
Corolla with a short tube, and a dilated, rather unequal limb.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Stamen:
Placentas adnate.

Segments

of the calyx foliaceous, spatulate.

unequal, enclosed.

(G. Don.)

1. PETUNIA

NYCTAGINIFLORA,
axillaris.

Juss.

THE MARVEL OF PERU FLOWERED, OR COMMON WHITE PETUNIA.

Lehm,
the petioles at the base.

SvNONYMES.

Engravings.
t.

Nicotiana Swt.
1,

Lam. ; N.

nyctaginiflora,
1.

Floral leaves sessile, cordate-ovate, opposite.

Brit.

Flow. Card. 2nd Ser.

119

Bot. Mag.

Flowers axillary, pedunculate.

times
longer

Corolla large, having the tube 3

2552

and our^^r.

in Plate 47.

than the calyx, and the limb broad and obtuse.

Specific Character,

Diffuse, clothed with

clammy glandular

villi

(G. Don.)

lower leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, pubescent, attenuated into

Deschiption, &c.
difficult to believe

The white Petunia

thirty years ago its

is

so general a favourite,

and so common everywhere, that

us.

it

seems

that

very existence was unknown among

It
it

is

a native of South
to

America, near the mouth of the Eio de

1823.
It

la Plata,

where
;

it

was

discovered,

and seeds of

were sent

Europe
and

in
to

was

first

treated as a greenhouse plant

it

but as
air,

it

was found

to ripen abundance of seeds,

propagate readily from cuttings,

was
;

tried in the open

and found to grow

freely as a border flower.

The

seeds are sometimes raised on a hotbed

but this

is

unnecessary in the climate of London.

;

They

require a light
to

peaty

soil,

or where this cannot be procured, a sandy loam

and their roots should never be sufiered

become

quite dry, as they are easily withered

by exposure

to heat.

Too much wet

is,

however, very injurious, and when

the Petunias are

grown

in pots, they should be frequently watered (say twice a

day

in hot

dry weather), but they

should never be sufiered to stand in saucers.

Petunia

is

from Petun, the name of Tobacco in Brazil.

256

THE LADIES' FLOWEll-GARDEN.

2. PETUNIA VIOLACEA,
Lindl.

THE PURPLE PETUNIA.

Specific Character.

Synonymes.
nicea,

Salpiglossis integrifolia,

Hook,
t.

Nierembergia phas-

Prostrate,

clothed

with

clammy

haire oi

D. Don

Petunia pheenicea, Hort.

Bot.

down.

Leaves ovate, on short

petioles, acute.

Corolla ventricose,

Engravings

Mag.

t.

3113, and

3556;

Bot.

Reg.

t.

with ovate, acute segments.

Flowers

solitary, axillary, pedunculate.

1626; Swt.

Flow. Card. 2nd Scr., Plate 47, under the name of P. phanicea.
Brit.

t.

193; and our J?y.

2, in

(G. Don.)
greater favourite in a short time than this.
collector, discovered it in

Description, &c.
years ago, in the

Perhaps no flower ever became a

of 1830,
it it

Only a few

autumn

Mr. Tweedie, a botanical

Buenos Ayres, growing on

It flowered there for

the banks of the river Uruguay, and sent seeds of the

first

to the Botanic

Garden

at

Glasgow.

time in Great Britain in July 1831

and

was soon

after figured in the Bot.

Mag. under the name

it

of

Salpiglossis integrifolia.

As

it

was found

to propagate readily both

by

cuttings

and

seeds,

soon spread over

it

England, and became a general favourite.

Not

so strong in

its

stems as Petunia nyctaginijlora,

air.

was more

manageable ; and
like roots

it

was found

to succeed equally well in a greenhouse and in the open

fine soil,

So that

its fine hair-

were permitted to grow in light

and that they were kept moist, without being suffered to get
;

too wet, the plant might be trained in any form the grower pleased

and so that

it

was allowed plenty

of light

and

air, it

was sure

to

reward

its

cultivator with a profusion of rich dark purple blossoms.

it

The common modes

bed in the open
for covering a

of training this Petunia are against a trellis or wire frame, which

will soon cover, or over a

ground

the latter being the

mode now most

generally adopted.

When

the Petunia

is

wanted
;

bed in a geometrical flower-garden, the seeds are generally sown in autumn, or early in February
plants are kept in pots
pots,
till

and the young

they are ready for planting out in

side, so that

May.

In planting the

balls of earth out of the

they are generally laid on one

the plants are ready for pegging

down without bending them.

In about a fortnight, the bed over which the Petunias were pegged down, will be covered with a number of
upright shoots, each rising only a few inches from the ground, and each producing a succession of blossoms.
the old flowers drop
off,

As

fresh ones will expand,

till

and the bed

will continue to present a splendid

frost.

mass of rich dark

varieties of this

purple from
species, as

May

or

June

the plants are destroyed

by

There are many hybrids and

it is

found to hybridize freely with the white Petunia, and as

of these hybrids, or varieties, are very

new kinds

are being continually raised

from

seed.

Some

large, of a pale lilac,

and very fragrant ; and others

(particularly that generally called Petunia splendem)

are of a rich dark crimson shade of purple.

They

are all

of the easiest culture, and merely require scattering the seeds on

freely
;

any common garden

soil,

to

grow and flower

centre are

though no plant better repays care bestowed on

its cultivation.

The Petunias with a dark

generally partly derived from

P.

bicolor,

the flowers of which have a dark centre, and are curiously streaked and
the others,

veined ; but

all

these are

much more tender than

and more

difficult to

propagate by seed.

All the kinds

strike readily

from cuttings, without any

artificial heat.

OTHER ANNUALS BELONGING TO THE ORDER

The Tomatoes {Lycopersicum), some
{,Physalis),

SOLANACE.aE.
of the kinds of Winter-cherry
fruit,

of the kinds of Capsicum,

all

several

and the Egg-plant (Solanum Melongena), are

on that account.

more or

less

ornamental in their

though they
fruit of

are seldom cultivated solely

Very

beautiful preparations

may
;

be made from the

that
is

the

winter-cherry, the
till

common

thorn-apple, and the kite-flower,

by macerating them

steeping

them

in water,

only the fibrous part of the calyx remains, which looks like a net enclosing the

fruit.

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

257

CHAPTER

XLII.

ACANTHACE^.
Essential
ClURAeTEii.

Calyx
aistivation.

usually

5-leaved,

persistent.

Capsule 2-celled, the

with 2 valves.
the placenta
tropical.
;

cells

two or many seeded, bursting

elastically

Corolla ruonopetalous, the limb ringcnt, or

over-lapping the

2-lipped, the lower lip

Seeds roundishj hanging by the ascending processes of

testa loose
j

upper in

Stamens mostly two, both

2-lobed,
rarely

albumen none.

Herbs or shrubs

chiefly

bearing

anthers,

hypogynous.

Stigma

undivided.

GENUS

I.

THUNBERGIA,
Lin. Syst.

Lin.

THE THUNBERGIA.
Corolla

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
Stigma 2-lobed.
Capsule globose, beaked, and divided into 2
;

Generic CHtRAcrER,

Calyx double

exterior in 2 leaves, interior shorter than the other, and laciniated with 12 awl-shaped teeth.
cells.

cimpanulate, tube inflated, limb 5-lobed, equal.

Description, &c.

The genus

Tkunlergia contains several splendid hothouse climbers

if

two

of which,

and

perhaps more, will succeed perfectly

treated as annuals and

grown

in the

open

air.

All the species are very

handsome, and they are of different and very opposite colours; one species (T. grandiflora) having purplishblue flowers; another (T. coccineaj, scarlet;

another (T. /ragransj, white; and another fT. aurantiaca),

is

bright orange, while the commonest kind, T. (data,

Indies,

of a pale buff.

They

are nearly

all

natives of the East

and are

all

well deserving of cultivation.

1. THUNBERGIA ALATA,
Enoravinos. Bot. Mng.
of Bot., vol.
ii.
t.

Bojer.

THE WINGED THUNBERGIA.

Nursery
its

2591

Bot. Cab.

t.

1045; Paxt. Mag.

T.
var.
]

in

1836, and only

differing

from the species

in the colour of

2; and our fig. 4, in Plate 47. Variety. T. a. 2 albiflora, Hook's Bot. Mag. t. 3512
p.

flowers.

a.

Specific Character.

Stem

twining.

Ijcaves triangularly-cordate.

alba, Paxt.

47.

An

and our fig. 3, in Plate accidental variety raised from seeds of T. alata in the Clapton
vol.
iii.

Mag. of Bot.,

p.

28

sinuately toothed, 5-ncrved.

Petioles winged.

Description, &c.

The extraordinary beauty of Thunhergia

it

alata has long rendered

it

a general favourite
its

and the gardeners generally give

that
it

the pet name of Black-eyed Susan.

The

only objections to

culture were,

was

at first supposed to require the heat of a stove,

telarius).

and that

it

was found

to be peculiarly liable to the

attacks of the red spider (Acarus

The

first

of these objections

was soon

obviated, as

it

was

first

found to thrive in the temperature of the greenhouse, and afterwards to succeed when treated as an annual in the

open

air

but the second objection

it is

still

retains its force, as

we know
The

of few plants

more

liable to

be infested by the
little

red spider, or from which

to syringe the plant well

more

difficult to dislodge

it.

best

mode

of getting rid of this

to 120, as

enemy

is

and frequently over the leaves with hot water, heated

the plants are
in

less

heat will not

destroy the insects.

When
are
is

grown

in the

open

air,

they have, however, much fewer red spiders on

them than when they

Thunhergia alata

grown

a stove.
it

a native of the East Indies, and seeds of

were

first

sent to this country in 1823, from

so

the Mauritius, by Mr. Telfair, to the late Mr. Barclay of

Bury

Hill,

by whom

many
it

interesting plants were

introduced into England.

cuttings
;

When
grown

the plant

is

treated as a greenhouse climber,

is

generally propagated

by

but when

it is

as an annual, the seeds are gathered as soon as they are ripe in October, and they

258
are kept in their hard,

THE LADIES' FLOWER-GARDEN

homed
;

capsule

till

January.

The
soil

seeds are curiously shaped, and look as

if

they were

covered with net-work

they should be sown in a

in

composed of nearly equal parts of peat-earth, or vegetable

;

mould, and sand.

The earth

which the seeds are sown should be kept constantly moist

if

but
if

it

should be well
in

drained, as the plants will wither

either the roots are suflfered to become quite dry, or

they are kept

;

stagnant water.

The

plants are generally raised on a slight hot-bed,

and planted out

in

May

but in

warm

sheltered situations, they

in the open ground, they

may

be sown where they are intended to remain.

either

As

to their after culture,

when sown

may

have the points of

their shoots repeatedly

taken

off,

so as to

make them

form bushy plants, or the long slender stems, instead of being twined round any object,
bed, and pegged
shifted

may

be laid over the

down

at the joints.

Where

trouble

is

not an object, the plants Seeds are

may

be grown in pots and

many

times, as directed for Rhodanthe Mangleni.

species.

common

in the seed-shops.

The

variety

appears more tender than the

CHAPTER XLIV.
GENTIANEiE.
Essential Character.

Calyx 4

5-cleft,
;

permanent.

Corolla

Capsule (sometimes a berry) many-seededj

valved.

2-celled, usually 2-

monopetalous, with an equally-parted limb

imbricate in jRstivation,

Embryo

straight, enclosed in the axis of a soft fleshy albu-

Stamens

epipetalous, equal in
tiiem,

number

to the

segments of the corolla,

men.

Herbs, rarely shrubs,

usually

glabrous.

Leaves

opposite,

and alternating with

some of them

abortive.

Stigmas 1

2.

entire, exstipulate.

Flowers terminal, or axillary.

GENUS
GENTIANA,
Lin. Syst.

I.

Lin.

THE GENTIAN.
5-cleft.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

Corolla

campaaulately funnel-shaped, 4

Stigma 2-lobed.

Seeds roundish or oblong.

(G.

/).)

Description, &c.

All

the different kinds of Gentian are remarkable

for the

beauty of their flowers, and

many

of

them
;

for the medicinal properties of their roots.

The genus Gentian

of Linnaeus has been divided into

several genera

but we

shall retain the old

names, as they are those under which the species are distinguished in
as synonymes.
;

Plate 48, marking, however, the

new names

The name of Gentiana

as
it is

is

perhaps the oldest example

in

extant of the custom of naming plants after some person

said to have been

named

honour of Gentius,

King

of lUyria,

whose health had been restored by the use of the root of one of the

species as a tonic.

1. GENTIANA
Schmidt.

QUINQUEFLORA,
;

Lin.

THE FIVE-FLOWERED GENTIAN.

clasping,
oval,

G. Enghatings.
Synomyues.

amarelloides,

Pursh,

Hippion quinqueflorum,

acute,

3-nevved.

Flowers

terminal

and

lateral,

3
t.

5 together,

on short pedicels.

Corolla tubularly

caiupaoulatc,

Bot. Mag,

3496

and our Jig.

4, in Plate 48.

5-cleft.
plica:.

Throat naked.

Segments lanceolate, acuminated with simple

Specific Character.

Stem
and

tetragonal, branched.

Leaves stem-

Calycine segments very short, narrow.

(G.

Don.)

Description, &c.
but
it

A very pretty
it vras

plant,

growing about a foot high.

till

It

was

originally introduced in 1824,

it

was soon

lost,

not reintroduced

1835.

It

is

a native of North. America, where

was found

in abundance, growing on the grassy banks of streams among the Alleghany Mountains.

It requires no other

care than sowing in the open border, and occasional waterings

if

the weather should prove dry.

OF OKNAMKNTAL Al\i\UALS.

259

2.GENTIANA AMARELLA,
Sykonymes.

Lin.

THE BITTER, OR AUTUMNAL GENTIAN.

Specific
top
;

G.

laticifolia,
;

}taf. ;

G.

tetragonia,
;

Mayer ; G.
Hehb.
; ;

Character

Stem

tetragonal, paniculatcly branched at

campestris, Geners.

G. pyramidalis, Willd.
;

G.

axillaris,

branches shorter than the intcrnodes.

Corolla 5-cleft.

Leaves ovate-lanceolato,
plictt

Uippion axillare, Schmidt.

amarella,

Swcrtia comiculata, Barrel.

Eurythalia

3-nerved.

Segments ovate-acuto, wth bearded

Sork.

inside at the base,

Engratings.

Eng.

(G. Don.)
It
is

Bot.

t.

235, 2nd ed.

vol.

ii.

t.

377

and our

Plate 48. fig. 6, in

Description, &c.
of Britain, and takes

This plant has been placed

its specific

by modem
its

botanists in the genus Eurythalia.

a native
if

name
and

of Amarella from
it

intense bitterness.

It

is

a dwarf plant, seldom,

situation.

ever, rising higher than six inches,

requires no other care than sowing in

varieties of this species.

any dry exposed

calcareous soil suits

it

best.

There are many

3. GENTIANA NIVALIS,
Sthonyhes.

Lin.

THE SNOWY, OR SMALL ALPINE GENTIAN.

nate,

Ericala nivalis,

Bork.
ii.

1-flowored.

Radical leaves crowded, ovate, acutish

cauline

Engravings.
fig. 5, in

Eng.

Bot.

t.

896, 2nd ed. vol.

t.

376

and our

ones lanceolate.
angles.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, with acute hardly keeled

iO-cleft
;

Plate 48.

Corolla funnel-shaped,

the

accessory

segments

SpEcinc Cbaracter.

Stem

simple or branched.

Branches

alter-

bifid. (G. Don.)

Description, &c.

A most

beautiful little plant, with vivid dark-blue flowers.

A native of
varieties, the

Scotland, and

indeed found in every part of Europe, from Lapland to the Pyrenees.

of which
is

There are

many

most striking
though dwarf

one with white flowers.

This species, from the

its foliage, is

brilliant colour of its flowers, its erect,

it

habit of growth, and the neatness of

very ornamental, and

is

well adapted for filling a bed in a

soil,

geometric flower-garden.
require no other culture.

The seeds should be sown

in a light peaty or

sandy

well drained, and they will

Modem

botanists consider this plant as belonging to the genus Ericala.

OTHER ANNUAL SPECIES OF GENTIANA.

G.

AUREA,

Lin.
it

The
literally
is

flowers of this species becoming yellow

when

dry, Linnaeus gave

the

name
is

of the Gentiana aursa,

it

Golden Gentian

but, according to Wahlcnberg, the flowers are white.

It

a native of Lapland, and

said to

have been introduced in 1823.

G.

GERMANICA,
;

fVilld.

EURYTHALIA GERMANICA,

Mayer.

The stem

is

purplish, and angular

the root

is

yellow, and the flowers of a purplish blue with a white beard.

in 1818.

It is a native of

Germany, and

it

was introduced

The

four following kinds are also comprehended in

the

modem

genus Eurythalia.
G.

OBTUSIFOLIA,

Willd.
is

This species, which

is

sometimes called

the Mountain Gentian,

a native of Switzerland, where

fade.

it

covers
allied

large tracts with its bright purple flowers, that assume a yellowish

hue when they

It

is

very nearly

to G. Germanica.

It

was introduced

in 1826.

G.

PRjETENSIS,

Frcel.

Nearly

allied to

G. Germanica, but

taller

and more branched.

native of Russia, introduced in 1817.

260

THE LADIES' FLO\Vi:R-GARDEN.

G.

CAMPESTRIS,

Lin.
;

The common

or field Gentian is a British plant, with purplish blue or white flowers

it

so bitter, that the

country people use

when dry

instead of hops to their beer.

It is also occasionally used as a tonic in medicine.

G. GLACIALIS,

Vill.

beautiful little plant, with dark blue flowers, very nearly alUed to G. nivalin.

native of Lapland,

introduced in 1819.

G.

CARINTHIACA,

Fred.;

SWERTIA CARINTHIACA,

fVulf.i

PLEaROGYNIA CARINTHIACA,

G.Don.

The

flowers are of a pale blue above, and white or lilac beneath.

A native

of Carinthia, introduced in 1817

G.

UTRICULOSA,

Lin.;

ERICALA UTRICULOSA,

Bark.

The flowers
inflated,

are saiver-shaped, of a beautiful blue, with the tube striped with blue
five

and white.

The calyx

is

and has

prominent wings

and the root

is

fusiform and yellow.

native of Europe, from the

Baltic to the Mediterranean, introduced in 1822.

GENUS

II.

CHLORA,
Generic Character.

Ren.

THE YELLOW-WORT, OR YELLOW CENTAURY.

Lin. Syst.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Calyx 4

8-parted.

Corolla saWcr-sliaped, 4

Stigma 2

5-parted.

Stamens

8.

Filaments very short.

Anthers

linear, erect.

4-cleft.

Capsule oval-oblong.

Seeds minute.

(G. Don.)

CHLORA PERFOLIATA, Lin.

Engravings.

THE PERFOLIATED YELLOW CENTAURY, OR COMMON YELLOW WORT.

iii.

Eng. Bot.

t.

60, 2nd Edit. vol.

t.

561

and our

tomous, cylindrical.

Flowers corymbose, with a flower in each fork.

fig. 2, in Plate 48.

(G. Don.)

Specific Character.

Glaucous.

Leaves

perfoliate.

Stem

dicho-

Description, &c.
very seldom grown
hilly situation,
;

This

plant,
it is

though a native of Britain, requires so much care to cultivate

it

it,

that

it is

though

so pretty that

well deserves to become a garden flower.

;

It requires

an open
it

and a loamy

soil,

with a substratum of chalk or limestone

it

and without these advantages

soil

seldom succeeds in the open garden, though

drained pots.

may

be grown tolerably well in calcareous

pale.

and in well-

Chiora

is

from the Greek word Chloros,

C.

IMPERFOLIATA,

Lin.

This species

diflfers

from C. perfoliata in the leaves being not perfoliate ; they are said to be perfoliate

when

the stem appears to pass through them, like the leaves and stem of the
It is a native of Italy,

common

honeysuckle, C. aprifolium

imperfoliata.

and was introduced

in 1823.

TIM.

'T

.^

-r/e

OF ORNAMENTAL ANNUALS.

261

GENUS

III.

PLADERA,
Lin.
Si/st.

Solander.

THE PLADERA

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
One
of the stamens
is

Oknrric Ch*iuctiir. Calyx

tubular, 4-toothed.

Corolla funnel-shaped, limb irregular.

shorter than the rest.

Stigm

2-lobed.

Capsule l-celled, 2-valTed.

Seeds numerous.

1. PLADERA DECUSSATA, Roxb.

ENORAvii<Gs_Bot. Mag.
Synonymes.
t.

THE DECUSSATE PLADERA.

latter cross-armed.

3066

Canscora

and oxaflg. 3, in Plate 48.

;

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved,

sessile

dccuasata, Wall.

Exacum

alatum, Roth.
the

terminal peduncles trichotomous.

solitary.

Flowers pedicellate

axillary ones

Specific Character.

Erect.
;

Stem and branches 4-winged,

(G.

Don.)

Desceiption, &c.
high.
It
is

An East India plant

and
it

of very little beauty, introduced in 1816,

and growing about a foot

till

rather tender

requires to be raised on a hotbed,

and not planted out

June.

Pladera

signifies

a moist place.
P.

VIRGATA,

Roxb.
it

This plant has

many synonymes.

It

is

a native of the East Indies, whence

was introduced

in 1820,

and

it

has small rose-coloured flowers.

P.

PERFOLIATA,

Roxb.
It is a native of Malabar,
It has not yet

This species has large, pale rose-coloured flowers, and grows about two feet high.

where

it is

called

Kansjan cora, and where the native women use

it

to

ornament

their hair.

been

introduced.

GENUS

IV,

ERYTHRiEA,

Renealm.

THE LESSER CENTAURY.

45.parted limb.
Anthers
spiral in the old state.

Lin. Syst.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Style

Generic Character. Calyx

5-cleft.

Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short

erect.

Stigmas 2, roundish.

(G. Don.)

1. ERYTHR^aiA
Synonymes
rium, Lin.
Chironia Ccntaurium,

CENTAURIUM,
With.
;

Pers.

THE COMMON LESSER CENTAURY.

Specific

Gentiana Centau-

Character. Stem

tetragonal,

dichotomously

panicled,

corymbose.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved.

Calyx shorter than

Enqravinos

Eng. Bot.
;

t.

417, 2nd

edit. vol.

ii.

t.

320

Wood.
I

the tube of the corolla.(G.

Don.)

Med. Bot.

t.

157

and o\afig. 8, in Plate 48.

Description,

&c.-A

British plant, with pink flowers, of

which there are many

if

varieties.

The

species
It
is

grows about a

foot high, in

dry gravel or chalk

but

it

perishes

transferred to a soil richly manured.

powerful bitter; and when steeped in gin, or any other strong

classes.

spirit, it is

taken as a tonic by the labouring

As

a garden flower,
Erythraea
is

it is

graveUy banks, where scarcely anything only suitable for rock-work, or hard

else will

grow.

from Erythros, red flowers.

262

THE

LADIES'

FLOWER-GARDEN.

KRYTHR^A

LITTORALIS,
Turn,

Frie.

THE

SEA- SHORE,

OR DWARF-TUFTED CENTAURY.

Synonymes.

Chironia

littoralis,

et Dill. ;

C. pulchella,

Specific Character.

Stem

simple or branched, dwarf, tetragonal.

Don.
Engravings
7, in

Leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse.

Flowers crowded,

sessile, fasciculate.

Eng. Bot.

t.

2305, 2nd

edit.

t.

321

and ova fig.

Calyx about equal in length

to the tube of the corolla.

(G.

Don.)

Plate 48.

Description, &c.

A very

beautiful little British plant, with tufts of pink flowers,

growing on the

sea-coast.

It is well deserving of cultivation,

and

is

admirably adapted for rock- work.

3.ERYTHR.S;A
EoitATiNG8..i-Brit. Flow. Gard.
t.

AGGREGATA,
137; and oot

Sweet.

THE CLUSTER-FLOWERED
base.

ERYTHR.a:A.
at the

fig. 1, in

Plate

Leaves spathulate, obtuse, 1-nerved, tapering into the petioles

Bracteas linear, obtuse, rather longer than the calyx.

48.

Calyx

Specific Chiracter.

Stems

tetragonal,

much

branched, decum-

twice shorter than the tube of the corolla.

(G. Don.)
it

bent

branches dichotomous, aggregate, few-ilowcred.

Flowers

sessile.

Desckiption, &c.
flowers.

A beautiful

little

plant,
;

growing in

tufts about three inches high,

with dark rose-coloured

A native

of the south of

Europe

introduced in 1824.
It does best

It

is

admirably adapted for rock-work, or

in autumn,

may

be grown in small pots, in sandy loam and peat.

sown
come

and kept

in pots during the

winter, under a hand-glass, or in a cold frame.

Thus

treated,

it

will

into flower in

March, and will continue

producing a succession of blossoms

till

November.

OTHER SPECIES OF ERYTHR^A.

E.

CACHONLABUM,

Rcem.

et

SchuHes

GENTIANA PERUVIANA,

Lour.

This species yields the celebrated tonic medicine of South America, called there Cahan laguen, and mentioned

by Humboldt.

It is a native of Chili

and Peru, and was introduced

Pers.
its

in 1825.

E.

SPICATA,

GENTIANA SPICATA,

Lin.
;

This

is

the only species of Erythrasa that has

flowers disposed in spikes

it

their colour in 1820.

is

pink or white, and

they are very ornamental.

The

species

is

a native of Italy, and

was introduced

E.

LATIFOLIA,

Smith.

This

is

a British species, which only

differs

from E.

littoralis in

the leaves being broader.

E.

PULCHELLA,

Fries.

British species, the flowers of

which

close at 11 o'clock in the evening,

and which has been

for this reason

included in the

floral clock, described

by many

writers.

E.

MARITKMA,

Pers.

A native of Tangiers on the sea-side,

grows above four or

with bright yellow flowers.

a valuable flower

It

was introduced

in 1777>

and as

it

never

five inches high, it la

for rock- work.

E.

LUTEA, Rom.

el Schultes.

Closely resembling the preceding species, but a native of Italy on mountains.

INDEX.
Sci
is

pronounced like sk

ch, like

k ; and

g, before e and

i,

at in gentleman.

A'CAVTBACEJB, 257 Acanis tdladiia, 59, 257 Adonis, fig. 3, in Plate 1, 1 African Marigold, 186 Ageriktum, Plate 31, 178 Agrostemnia, Plate 20, 112 Alkanet, 224 Alkekengi, Plate 46, 251 Alons6a, Plate 44, 239 Alpine Gentian, 25Q Alj^ssiim calvclBum, 73 Anagdllis, Piate 25, 141 Anclmsa, Plate 37, 224 A'nthemis arjibica, 194 Antirrhinum, Plate 43, 234

Blush Centaury, Plate 33, 208 Boerkhausia, Plate 32, 21

Chickling Vetch, 132

curious
efl'cct of,

132

Bona Nox, 150

Brjissica arv^osis,

Branching Larkspur, 76

fig, S, in

Plato 3, 5

Chilian Nettle plant, 61 China Aster, Plate 36, 178

cultivation of,

179

Browilllia, Plate 44,

241

Chinese Pink, Plate 20, 111

Chirfinia,

Buckler Mustard, 78 Bunias Cakile, 78 Bur-marigold, 184 Burreilia, 188

261

Chl6ra, Plate 48,

260

Chrys.lnthemum, Plate 32, 194 Chrys^is, 31 Cigars, mode of making, 243 Cineraria tenella, 1 79
Cinerikria tussilitgum, Plate

CacMia, Plate 31, 202

Caidphora, 60 Cakile, 78

32,203

Cl.iddnthus, Pl.ate 31, 194 CMrkia, Plate 9, 56

Amadou, 207
Amarantlu\cca?, 171 Amaranth of the Poets, 174 Amarjlntus, 172

Calandnnia, Plate 18, 101 Calendula, 205 Calendula pluviMis, Plate 31, 196
Californian annuals, culture of,

Clary,

225
1

Clavt6nia,

Clebme,

figs,

04 6 and

6, in Plate 15,

80

156

Clint6ni.i, Plate 29,

167

Amberbda, 209
Ambrosia, 212 Amcthystea, Plate 39, 227 Ammftbium, Plate 33, 198
Amplierephis, 212 A'rabis vema. Plate 13, 73 Arctd'is (sphenogyne) anthemoides, Plate 31, 190
Arctotis falcnduliicea,

Californian Poppv, 31 Callichrfta, Plato'31, 193

Calli6psi8, Plate 31,

Cockscomb, 173
Colllnsia, Pl.ate41,

229
of,

181

Colltimia,

158

Callistema, 178
Callistephus, 178

Compositfp, description

177

Ciltha officinalis, 205 Calves Snout, 234

Calyst&gia, 147,

Convolvulus, Plate 2fi, 145 Convolvulus Nil, 149

Coquelicot, meaning
of,

23

153

206
in Plate 5,

Arctotis

tristis,

206
4 and 5,

Areemine, Aster, 178

Astriigalus,

figs,

27

Campanula, Plate 30, 168 Canary-bird flower, Plate 21, 116 Candy-tuft, Plate 12, 69
,

Coredpsis, Plate 31, 181 Bluebottle, Plate 33,

Com Com

208

Cockle, 113

culture

of,

70

Corn Poppy, 23 Coronilia, 128

CorydMls, 41

127

Can8c6ra, 261

Athaniisia (Lonas), Plate 31, 197

C4ntua, 160, 163

Atropa,

250

Cape Marigold, Plate 31, 196 Oapparideae, 80 Card^mine LunJlria, 79

Carnation Poppy,
fig.

C6smea, Plate 32, 184 C6ful,a, 197

Cr(pis (TOlpis) harbata, Plate 31,

210
211

Cri'pis (Boerkhausia) rubra, Plate 32,

Ba^ria, Plate 31, 193

5, in Plate 4,

23

Cressa, 153

Balsam, 135
culture of, 136 Bartonia, 64

Cirthamus, 209

Crimson-winged Pea, Plate 24, 126

CArthamus

lanJitus,

210

Bastard Satfron, 209

Bell-flower, Plate 30, 168

241 Catchfly, Plate 19, 105 Celiisia, 173

Castill^ja, Plate 44,

BelUnia, 250 Bidens, Plate 32, as Cosmea lutea, 184

Celsia (Alonsoa) linearis, Plate 44,

239

Bindweed, 147
Bird's-foot Trefoil,
Biscutella,

124

239 Centaurea, Plate 33, 208 Centaury, Plate 33, 208

urticifdlia,

108 65 Cryptost^mma, 206 Cuciibalus, 1 07 Cuphea, Plate 17, 97 Cuscuta, 154

Crotolaria,
Cruciferse,

Cystic^pnoB, 42

78

Bishop's- wort, 10
Bitter Gentian, 239 Black-seeded D61ichos, 135

Centr^nthus, Centrathirum, 212

Datiira, Plate 46, 251

Centrosp^rmum, 195
Cerlothe, Plate 38, ChardJnia, 213
Chari^is, 180

222

Delphinium, Plate 2, 5 Deptforf Pink, 112

Devil in a bush, Plate 2, 10 Di&nthus chinensis, Plate 20, 1 Didiscus, fig. 3, in Plate 7, 42
Diel^tra,
1

Bladder Fumitory, 42 Bladder Ketmia, Plate 16, 95 Blind Poppy, 22 Blitum, 175
Blue-bottle, Plate 33,

208

Blumenb^chia, 63

Chasmfinia incisa, 227 Cheirinthus, 6fi Chelidftnium, 29, 30 Chenopodiicec, 175

42

Dimorphtftheca, 196

Dioitiu, 153

INPKX.
OnagrJiccsp, IS

265
Tabilcus
viridie,

Roella, 171

247
IBS

CEn6lliera, Plate 8, 46 Oil m:ide from the Sunflower

RoEm^ria,

fig.

1,

Plate 5,

30

Tiigetes, Plate 32,

fiom Madia

183

from

sativa,

192

Poppies, 21

Opium, 19
Oxvhiipl.ns, 141

Rose Campion, 112 Rose of Heaven, Plate 20, 112 Rudbeckia, 180 Rudbeckia alita, 189

I'allnum, 101 Tame Larkspur, 6 Tangier Pea, 131

OxjCira, Plate 31, 191

Safflower,
a-ige,

Tatula, Plate 46, 252 Tender annuals, cultuie of, 33 Tender annuals, mode of obtaining casHy,

40

209 223

Ten-week Stock, Plate 11, 66

Tetragon61obu8, 126

Plate 39,

Painted-ciip, Plate 44, PalAvia, Plate 16, 96

241

SairSnthus,

247 233

SalpigWssis, Plate 42,

Thale Cress, 73 Thinning out, 3

Pansy, 87
Papavarkcese, 17 Papkver, Plate 4, 17 Papilionaneous flower,

SMvia, Plate 39, 225

SanvitMia, 185 Saponkria, fig. 19, 109 SarAcha, Plate 46, 250
Sciibiiisa oricntMis,

Description

of

the

119 Parthenium, 212 PedaHnca;, 228

parts of,
PericJillis,

213

68 Thorn Apple, Plate 46, 251 Thunbergia, Plate 47, 257 culture of, 25H Toad-fla.t, Plate 43, 234
Thlftpsi,

Scarlet Jasmine,

149

Tobacco,

243
manufacture
of,

Schizinlhus, Plate 42, 231

Schizopt-talon, 77
,

244

203 Persicitria, 176

T61pis, Plate 31,

of,

210

culture

7J

Tomatos, 255
Toreuia, Plate 44, 238

Peruvian Winter Cherry, 251 PetUnia, Plate 47, 255

culture

of,

256

Phacelia, Plate 38, 221 Pharhltis, 146 and 153

Sc61ymua maculktus, 213 Scorpion Senna, 128 Scorzoiiera tingitkna, 211 Scrophulkrinea:, 229 Scyphdnthus, 65
Sea Rocket, 78 Secuiidkca, 128 Securigera, 128 Seeds of the Poppy, uses

Traehymene,

fig.

3, in Plate 7, 42

Transplanting, 12

Treacle Mustard, 79

Pheaeant's-eye, Plate

1, 1
,

Phlox Drumm6ndi, fig. I in Plate 27, 155 Phosphorus, from the Nasturtium, 116 Physillja Peruviana, 251 PhysMia Solaniicea, 250 Phy56stegia, Plate 39, 22R Pictidium, 211 Pimpernel, Plate 25, 141 Pink, chinense, Plate 20, 111
,

Tribe Aster^ideae, 178 Tribe Cliichorilceffi, 210 Tribe Cynarea;, 205 Tribe Eupatorikcea:, 178

of,

21

Tribe Scuecionideae, 180

Triptillon,

202 Sesame, 228

Senecio, Shiraz Tobacco, manufacture
Silenjlcese,
of,

213

246

Trop"olum, Plate 21, 114 Tufted Centaury, 261

Tdrritis,

105

73
to stakes, &C.,

Silene, Plate 19, Slmsia, 212

105

Two

Faces under a Hood, 87

Tying up plants

Deptford,

J Valerian, 214 Plddera, Plate 48, 260 Platyst^mon, fig. 1, iu Plate 1, 15 Platystigma, fig. 3, in Plate 6, 30 Plectocephalus, 208

Sisymbrium, 73
Sleep of plants, 129 Snapdragon, plate 43, 234
Valeriana calitrkpa, 215
cornucopia;,

214

Snowy
Snuff,

Genti-tn,

259

Valerinella,

216

mode

of making, 19,

244

VaWzia, 113
Vegetable Rouge, 209 Venice Mallow, 96 Venus's Looking-glass, 168
Vesickria,
figs.
1

Plectritis,

214
fig.

Soapwort,

fig.

109

Pod6Iepis,

2, in Plate 34,

200

Polemonikccae, 155 Pol;^gonum, 176 Poppy, Plate 4, 17 , culture of, 22 Porina, 153
Portulkccffi,

Sogalgina, 189 Soil for tender annuals, 36 Soil, mode of introducing any particular kind
of
soil for

and 2,

in Plate 13,

74

growing delicate plants, 8

Solankceae,

243

Vetch, 129 Vetchling, 133 and 134

Vicia,

Solilnum, 248

129
1 1,

101

Solknum Mclongena, 256

Prickly Poppy, figs. 4 and 5, in Plate 5, 27 Piimulkcese, 141 Prince's Feather, 172 Prisraatocdrpus, 168 Purple Homed Poppy, fig. 1, in Plate 5, 30 Purple Petunia, Plate 47, 256

Solinum procfimbens, 250 Souci, 205

Sowing annuals, 3
Spanish Nigella, figs. 3 and 4, in Plate 2, 11 Spanish tinder, 207
Speculkria, 168

Viola tricolor, Plate 14, 85 Virginian Stock, fig. 5, in Plate Virginian Tobacco, 244 Viper's Bugloss, Plate 38, 223
Viper's grass, 211

68

Purple Ragwort, 202 Purple-stemmed Valerian, 214 Pyrethrum indicum, 195

Sphen6gyne, 190
.

peculiarity in the florets of the

disk, 191

Wahlenhergia, 1 68 Wall cress, 73 Watering, reasons for, 13 Water-pepper, 176

Spurred V.alerian, 215 Starry Marigold, 212

Starwort, 178
Stegia,

Qufimoclit, Plate 24, 148

94

Ragwort, 202
Ranunculacese, 1

Wheel, 10 Stock Gilliflower, 66 Stramonium, 251 Strawberry Elite, 175 Streptintbus, figs. 3 and 4, in Plate 13, 75
St. Katherine's

White Petuni.i, Plate 47, 255 Wild Chamomile, 212 Wild Sweet William, 107 Winter Cherry, 251 and 256 Woolly Cirthamus, 210

Xeranthemum, 207 Xim^osia, 212

Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow
Centaury, 259

Rapistrum maritum, 78

Sunflower, 182

Red or Purple Hawk weed, 211 Red Spider, 59 and 257

Reine Marguerite, 178 Reseda odorkta, 89 Rhodinthe, Plato 34, 198 Ric6tia, 79 Rockot Larkspur, figs. 2, 3, and

Sunflower of the Ancients, 183 Sweet Al^ssum, 73 Sweet Pea, Plate 23, 130 culture of, 131
.

Hawkweed, 210
Larkes heclca, 115
Nigella,
fig.

6, in Plate 2, 13

Sweet Saffron, Plate 33, 209

Swertia,
4, in Plate

Vetchling, 133
wort,

259

260

3,7

Syrian Honesty, 79 Syrup of Poppies, 23

Ziuoia, Plate 35,

203

M M

GLOSSARY.
Abortive. Achenium.
Imperfectly developed, not fertile. dry fruit which does not open
Arvensis.
Field.

Canescent.

Covered with very short white

Spreading so as to form a head.

Aspera.

Rough.

down.
Capitate.

when ripe, and contains only one seed. Aconite. From Aconitum, the botanic name of the Monkshood. Acumen. long taper point. Acuminated, Ending in a long sharp point. Adnate anthers are Adhering to. Adnate.

Rising upwards. Assurgcnt. Narrowing gradually. Attenuated. Aurantiacum. Orange.

Capsule.
Carpels.

dry seed-vessel.

Seed-vessels.

Aureum.
Auricled.

Golden yellow.

attached to the filaments throughout their whole length. Closely pressed together. Adpressed.

when they

arc

Eared. Autumnalis. Autumn. Awned. Terminating in a long

Heart-shaped petals. Cardiopetalum. The keel of a pea-flower. Carina.

Cartilaginous.
bristle, like

Gristly.

Aduncum.
Estivation.
.ffiqualis.

Hooked.
In the bud.

Composite flowers, in which

all tbo

florets are bisexual.

Aggregate.
Ajacis.

Clustered. From the name of the Grecian hero

With a kind of stem. Those growing on the stem. Caulino leaves. the ears of barley. projecting point in a seed opposite Springing from the axils or fork of Chalaza. The Axillary. the hilum, with which it is connected by a the leaves or branches. slight cord-like projection, called a rapha. These parts .are very conspicuous in some but scarcely seeds, as in those of the orange buried seeds the is, that Berry-like Baccate. visible in others. in a fleshy substance like those of the goose- Channelled. furrows. with deep Marked
Caulescent.
; ;

Ajax.
AlsB.

See

p. 8.

Bartonia.

Alata.

The Winged.

wings of a pea-flower.

berry and currant. In honour of Dr. Barton, Professor of Botany at Philadelphia. Beaked. Ending in a hard, beak-like point.
Bibracteated.
Bicalcarate.

Ciliated.

Citrina.

Clarkia.

Fringed with hairs like eyelashes. Lemon-coloured. In honour of Captwn Clarke, its
;

discoverer.

White. White-stemmed. Albicaulis.

Alba.

AVith two rows

of bracteas.

Two-spurred.

Albumen. Alyssum.
to cure

; Divided into two parts, or two-cleft. Bifid. Claw. A long narrow part of the petal inserted Hydrophobia. Two-faced. Bifrons. in the calyx, like the petals of the pink and Ambiguum. Doubtful. Having two protuberances. Bigibbous. the carnation. because From Anagclao, to laugh ; Anagallis. Two-lipped. Bilabiate. Cleome. From Kleio, to shut. despondency. the plant was said to cure Having two plates, or bemg Coarctata. Compressed, and crowded together. Bilamcllate. From ancr, a man, and sakos, a Androsace. Twisted, so as to resemble the divided into two parts. Cochleate. calyx. the of form the to allusion buckler, in Two-lobed. Bilobed. shell of a snail. incipient Bearing the seeds in a capsule. or Angiospcrmia. ova, Containing two Biovulate. Cohere. Grow together. Anther. The pollen-bearing part of the stamen. Adhering together. Cohering. An elongated receptacle, on Bipinnate. Twice pinnate. Anthephorum. Commissure. The smooth inside of an articuwhich the petals, stamens, and ovary, are Biscutatc. Resembling two bucklers. joint.

The white part of Ijie seed. Madwort because it was supposed

Club-shaped CUvate. wards the apex.

Claviculate.

becoming thicker

to-

Bicoruate.

Two-homed.

Somewhat club-shaped.

lated

seated. From bis, double, and scutcUa, Biscutella. Annual. Lasting only one year. a saucer, in allusion to the shape of the seedAnnular. Ring-shaped. pod. Without palca;. Apaleate. Bisexual flowers. Those that have both stamens part. Apex. Top, highest and pistils. Those parts of a flower which do Blumcnbachia. In honour of Dr. Blumcnbach, Appendages. divisions. regular the any of under couio not Professor of Medicine at Gottingen. Having appendages. Appcndiculatc. The small leaves or membranes just Bracteas. Approximating. Approaching near to. below the flower. Because some of the species were Bractcolcs. Small bracteas. Arabis. found in Arabia. Curved, or bent like a bow. Arcuate.

Comose.

Hairy, covered with coma, that u,

tufts of flue short hairs.

Compact. Compacta. Compost. Soil composed of several ingredients. Formed into one mass ; joined Concrete.
together.

Joined together at the base. Connate. part of the stamen, distinct Connective. from the filament, which attaches the cells of

the anthers to each other. Converging, or inclining together. Conniving.

Connivent.
Consolida.

Lying very close together.

Healing.

Arenarium.
Areola.
places.

Sand.
little

space between two raised

cataract of the

Cakile.
called.

The Arabic word used

Spurred.

for the plant so

Convolute.
Coriaceous.

Rolled

outwards,

or two parts

Argemone.
eye.
Aril.

From Argcma, a

Calcarate.

rolled together over each other.

Callous.

thick tough covering to the seed.

Bristled.
Bristly.

Aristata.
Aristately.

Distinctly jointed so as to sepaArticulated. rate readily in the band.

Hardened. Belonging to the calyx, or part of it. Calycine. Having the bracteas so placed as Calyculated. to resemble an additional calyx. Shaped like an extinguisher. Calyptrate.
Cainpanulate.
Beil-shaped.

Leathery.
the petals of the flower.

Comiculate.
Corolla.
Coralline.

Homed. The whole of

Belonging to the corolla.

Coronopifolia.

Corrugated.

Buckhom-leaved. Wrinkled.

mm2

,.

268
Corticate.
LiTce bark.

GLOSSARY
A
Emarginate. Having a small notch at extremity of the leaf.
the

Hilum

or

Hylum.

The

scar or
it

Corymb.
is

head of flowers, the top of which

fiat,

seed which
placenta.

shows where

mark on the adhered to the

nearly

the footstalks
solid

of the outer

Embryo,
Enclosed, Ensiform.
blade,

Germ
Not

of the young plant.

projecting beyond the flower.
straiglit

flowers being longer than those in tlie centre.

Hispanica.
Hispid.

Spanisli.

Cotyledons,
leaves.

The

parts

of

the

seed,

Shaped like a sword with a

which afterwards divide, and become the seedFleshy, Crenated. Notched, Crenatures. Notches, Crenulated. The edge cut into small round notches. Cruciate. In the form of a Maltese cross, Crustaceous. Having a hard brittle covering. Cucullatc. Hooded.
Crassipes.

Epigynous.

Growing upon the

style, or ovary.
it

Erysimum.
Eucharidium.
Evolute. Exserted.

From Eryo,

to draw, because

will raise blisters.

Covered with short stiff hairs. Homogamous. All of one kind. Humilis, Of low growth. Hybridum. Hybrid. Hypogynous. Growing from beneath the ova-

From
folded.

Eucharis

agreeable.

Not

Projecting considerably.

Exstipulate.

Without

stipules*

Iberis.

From

Iberia, the ancient

name

of Spain.

Laid over eaeh other like scales. Imperforated. Apparently full of holes when
Imbricate.
like a sickle. Floury, Fascicles. Bundles, Fastiyiate. The branches growing upright, and close together, like those of a Lombardy

Cumulated.

Thrown

together in heaps.

Cuneatcd. Wedge-shaped. Cuphea. From Kuphos, curved, alluding to the form of the capsule.
Cuspidate. Suddenly tapering to a point. Cyanaea. Blue, like, the colour of the Cyanus
or

Falcate.

Curved

Farinaceous,

held up to the light, like the leaf of the myrtle.

Incumbent,
Incurved.
Indefinite.
plants.

Lying upon. Bending inwards. Varying in number in different

ripe.

Corn bluebottle. When the veins of the leaves Cymes. When the flowers form a flattened Feather-nerved. are disposed regularly, like the feathery part panicle and are produced on short branches of a pen. growing from one foot-stalk. The flowers of Female flowers. Those that have only pistils the Elder and Laurustinus are produced in and no stamens. cymes. Small roots. Fibrils. Cymose. Flowering in cymes. Filament. The stalk part of the stamen, which
;

poplar.

Indehiscent.
Inferior.
Integrifolia.

Not opening naturally when Below the base of the stamens.

Entire-leaved.

Inter-valvular.

Between the valves, or parts into which the seed-vessel is divided.

Involucre.

The

floral

leaves

when they

sur-

round the flowers.

Involute.
Isocandria,

Damasccna,
Pecandria, Deciduous.
Declining.

Damascus. Having ten stamens.

Losing
its

Filiform. Fistular.

supports the anther. Thread-like.

Rolled inwards. Having twenty, or more stamens,

Full of hollow pipes, or small tubes.

leaves in winter.

Bending downwards. Decompound. Twice or thrice compound. Decumbent, Lying on the ground. Decurrent. Hunning down, as for example

Flammea. Flame-coloured. Flavum, Yellow. Those on the Floral leaves.

Floribundum.
Foliaceous.
Fi-ancoa.

Junceum,
flower-Stalk,

Reed-like.

Many-flowered.
Leafy.

Keeled.
or one

When
is

raised

two petals are joined togetheri and curved in tiie centre, like

when

a leaf extends along the petiole.

In honour of

Don

F. Franco, of

Decussate.
angles.

With the branches forming

right

Valencia, a patron of botany in the sixteentli

century.
Friable.
as the pods of

the keel of a boat. Koniga. In honour of Charles Konig, Esq., F.R.A., &c.

Bent downwards. Dehiscent. Opening naturally,

Deflexed.
peas, &c., do

Crumbling.
Fruit-bearing,

Fructiferous.

when over

ripe,

Frustranea.
Funicle.

With
little

the
stalk

florets

of

the

Lffivigatum.

disk
Laciniated,
Laterally.
is

Dentata. Toothed. Denticulated, Toothed.

Diadelpliia.

bisexual, and those of the ray neuter,

Very smooth, Deeply cut into small

parts.

by which the seed

On

the sides.

the stamens are connected into two distinct bundles.

Where

attached to the placenta. descending root, like that of a Fusiform.

Diaphanous. Transparent. Dichotomous. In two rows, or in pairs. Didiscus. With two disks. Didymous. Twin, two united. Diffuse. Spreading loosely. Digynia. With two styles. Discoid. Flat and round, like a disk. Disk, A round flat surface, sometimes applied to a head of flowers, and sometimes to the receptacle. In composite flowers the disk is the centre ; as for example, it is toe yellow
'

carrot.

Gallicum. French. Gaura. From Gauros ; superb, Gigartoid. Seeds having a half transparent membrane round them, like the seed of the
grape.

Broad-leaved Lavatera. In honour of Lavater, the celebrated physiognomist. Legume. seed-vessel which resembles that of the pea. Ligulate, Flowers shaped like a cornet of paper, open at the top and joined at the
Latifolia.

bottom.

Limb.

The spreading part of a flower, in opposition to the tubular part, or the claws.
Line-like, long and slender.
,

Glabrous.

Smooth, destitute of wool,

hair, or

down,
Glaucescent.

Linear. lineare

Linear-leaved

Hoaiy and

bluish, or sea-green.
;

Loam.

A soil

consisting of equal parts of clay

part of a daisy. Dissepiments, The partitions by which a seedvessel is divided internally. Divaricate. Straggling spreading widely in
;

Glaucinm.
se.i-green.

From Glaucous

a pale bluish, or

Glaucous.
Godctia.
Grandiflora.

bluish-green.

diff"erent directions.

Origin not known. Large-flowered,

and some much lighter soil; as for example, a sandy loam consists of clay and sand, and a calcareous loam of clay and chalk. Loasa. A fanciful name coined by Adanson. Lobules. Small Pohes.
Loculicidal.

two parts grow close together at their base, and divide, turning different ways, so as to be widely apart at their summit. Dodecandria. Having twelve stamens.
Diverging.

When

Gymnobases.

fleshy

receptacle,

bearing
at

From

each

cell.

When

the car-

separate fruits.

pels of a fruit do not part from each other

Gymnospermia.

Having the

seeds

the

when
Lopezia.

ripe,

but each opens

down
Lopez,

the midrib,
a

bottom of the calyx, and not in a capsule.

like the fruit of the

Martagon
of

lily.

In

honour

Spanish

Drupaceous,

Where

the seed

is

enclosed in a
Hastate.

botanist.

stone in the centre of a pulpy covering, as the

Loriform.
Halbert-shaped.

plum or cherry, Dubium, Doubtful,

Luteum.
Lyrate.
lobe
is

Echinated. Covered hedgehog, Eluta Tall.

with

prickles,

like

Hermaphrodite flowers. Those that have both stamens and pistils. Heterogamous. Of various kinds. Heterophyllum, With leaves of various shapes.
Hexandria.
Hibiscus.

Shaped like a thong, or strap. Yellow. A lobed leaf, in which the terminal
larger than the side

lobes

With

six stamens.

Macrantha.
Maculata.

Lai^e-flowered.
Spotted.

From

Ibis, a stork.

GLOSSARY.
Malcomia. In honour of Mr. nurseryman at Kensington. Male flowers. Those which have and no pistils. Malesherbia. In honour of M. de a French botanist. Mathiola. In honour of P. A.
Italian physician,

269
Resupinatc.
Inverted
;

Malcolm, a
only stamens

Patula.
Pedicels.
Peltate.
is

Spreading widely.
Foot-stalks to
tlio

turned in an opposite

flowers.

direction to

what

is

usual.

leaf

is

peltate

when

the foot-stalk
leaf of the

fixed in the centre, like the

Malesherbes,
Mathioli, an

Nasturtium.
Pontaglottis.

Pentagynia.

Five-tongued, Five styles.

Pilgrim-like, or wandering. Lasting several years.

Peregrinum.
Perennial.
Perfoliate.

Twisted, turned back. Retuse, Appearing as if bitten oR^. Rhoeas. From the Greek word for a Wild Poppy, or from the Saxon for red. Ricotia. Derivation not known. Ringent, Gaping, like the flower of the Sage.
Rctorta.
Rotate.

Menonvillca. In honour of M. Thiery de Menonville, a French naturalist. Mericarps. The two parts into which tlie seedvessel of umbelliferous plants is divided. Micrantha. Small-fiowered. Microearpa, Small-fruited. Miniata. Small.

Where

the

stalk

seems

to

pass

Wheel-shaped. Rudimentary. Imperfectly developed.

Runciate.

through the middle of the the Honeysuckle.

Perianth.
calyx.
Pericarp.
vessel.

leaf, like that of

When the lobes of a leaf are hooked back, and gradually diminish to the base.

The The

entire

flower,

including

the
Saccate.

fruit, or

covering of the seed-

Minima. The smallest. Monandria. With only one stamen. Monopsis. One-faced. Moricandia. In honour of S. Moricand, an
Italian botanist.

PerigynouB.
Pei'sistent.

Inserted in the calyx, or iu the

disk adhering to the calyx.

Bagged, projecting at form of a bag or pouch. Sagittate. Arrow-shaped. Salicifolia. Willow- leaved.
Sativa.

t!ie

base in the

Macro. A little sharp point, terminating a leaf. Mucronate. Ending in a sharp point, termed a mucro.
times divided. Muricated. Covered with warts, or any short, hard excrescences.
Multifid.

Remaining on a long time. Personate. When the flower is something like a mouth, as the Snapdragon.
Petals.
Petioles.

Cultivated.

Scabrous.

Rough

or scabby.

Scariose or Scarious.

Membranous and

dry.

Leaves of the flower.

Footstalks to the leaves.

Scorpoid

Broora-like

Many

Phceniceum.
Pilose.

Crimson.

Hairy.
Consisting of several pairs of leaflets.

Pinnate.
Pinnae.
Pistil.

Mutlc.

Pointless.

The leaflets of a pinnate leaf. The seed-bearing part of a flower.

Scyphanthus. From Scyphos a cup, and Anthoa a flower. Secund. Arranged on one side only, Segetum. Corn, The cut divisions of a leaf or Segments.
flower.

pistil consists

of the ovary, the style, and the

to

Segregata.

Composite flowers in which each

Naked.
&c.
;

one without wings, and a nalced branch, one without hair,

is

naked seed

stigma.

floret has its

own

involucre.

Placenta.
Plicate,

membrane

which

the seeds

down,
Nei"ve3.

leaves, &c.

are attached in the capsule or pod.

Evergreen, Scmpcrvirens. Leaves of the calyx, or outer covermg Sepals.

of the flower.
Septicidal.

Veins of tlie leaves. Composite flowers, in which the Necessaiia. florets of the disk are male, and those of the
Nocturna.
ray female. Night.

Folded.
.

Nodes or Nodi.

Swelled articulations of the

Plumose. Feathery. Plumula. The part of a seed which afterwards becomes the ascending shoot. Pollen. The fertilizing dust, or yellow powder, borne on the anthers.
Polyandria.

Dividing into several parts.

is

When
diatinct

a seed-vessel

composed of several

carpels, which part from each other when the seed is ripe, like the fruit of the Rhodo-

dendron.
Serrated.
Sessile.

stem, or knotted joints. Nodosum. Knotted, Producing nuts. Nuraentaceous. From Nykteris, a bat. Nyctclea.

Many stamens. Many styles. Polygynia. Of many forms. Polymorphous. Containing many Polyspcrmous.
Widely-spreading.
Pinnulae.

Cut like the teeth of a saw. Without any foot-stalk.

Bristly.

Setose.
seeds.

Silene.

From

Porrigcns.

The

leaflets

of

doubly pinnate

on the plants beiug compared from the mouth of a drunken man.

froth
Silique.

the heathen deity Silcnus; the to that

Inversely cordate, or heart-shaped. Obcordate. Egg-shaped, with the broad end Obovate. uppermost. Scarcely perceptible. Obsolete. Obtuse-leaved. ObtUbifoliura. Yellowish-white ; from ochraceOchroleuca. ous, the colour of yellow ochre, and leukos,

leaf.

Prismatic.

Sliaped like a prism.

Deeply. Profoundly. Covered with spreading down. Pubcrulous, Covered with a soft whitish down. Pubescent, nut of many cells. Putamcn.

A long slender pod, like that of the Radish or Cabbage. Having the seeds in long round Siliquosa.
Sillicle.

pods, like the Cabbage. small short pod, like that of the

radish.

Sinuate.
Sinuses.

'

the Greek word for white. With eiglit stamens, Octandria. Fragrant. Odorata. From the Oliverianum.
traveller in the East.

QuadrAngular.
QLiadrivulnei-a,

name of

Oliver,

Four- sided. Four- wounded.

Orbicular.
Orientalis.

Kound,

orb-like.

Eastern.

Raceme.
stalk.

Ovaria,

Incipent seed-vessels.

When the flowers are dispersed round a central stalk or rachis, each being on a short When
the flowers are produced in

Spathe. the flowers before they expand. Shaped like the broad pointed knife Spatulate. used by druggists in spreading plasters. When the flowers are disposed round a Spike. central stalk or axis, without any short stalks. Small spike-like branches, diverging Spikclets.
Spirate.

Hollowed out or scalloped. hoUowed-out ]>art8. A broad leaf enwrapping and enclosing
Scallops, or

Racemose.
In honour of Palauvy Verdera, Professor of Botany at Madrid. Scales of the involucrum of composite Paleae. flowers when mixed with the flowers.
Palavia.

from a spike of flowers. Twisted outwardly

in the

shape of a

racemes.

screw, like the bud of the Ipomcea.

Spongiole.

The central axis of a cone, or of a spike or raceme of flowers. composite flower, consisting of Radiate,
Rachis.

The

soft

tremity of

each

root, intended

porous part at the exto mibibe

Palmate.
Panicle.

Iland-sliaped,

loose spike of flowers or seeds ; as for example, a panicle of oats. Coveretl with pimples. Papillose. feathery substance, attached to the Pappus.

disk and ray flowers, like the Daisy. Rising from the root. Radical. Those rising from the root. Radical leaves.

Ray.

Tbat

part of a composite flower the florets

moisture for the nourishment of tlie plant. Spreading stifl^y at right angles. Squarrose. Sumens. Thread-like substances found in the centre of every flower, which produce thtr fertilizing dust called the pollen, and which
consist of

seeds of the Composite, and other plants. Globular protuberances filled with Papulse.
a wnteiy matter like those on the Ice-plant.

Papulose.
Parietal.

Covered with

papulae.
is

of which are ligulate. The part at the upper end of the Receptacle. ])edicel or foot-stalk that supports the different parts of the flower, Bent back, Reflexed.

two

paita, the filaments

and the

anther.
Stellate.
tufts

Star-like

generally applied to little

of hair or down.

When

tlie

placenta

very narrow,

uid in the middle of ach valve.

Kidney-chaped. Reniform. Undulated and*dilal*;d iu the margin. Kepand.

Without anthers. Sterile filaments. applied to stamens or anthen, Sterile.

When

signifies devoid of pollen.

AUTHORITIES AND BOOKS.

Elliot, author of a Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina ami Georgia. Eng. Bot. English Botany, 36 vols. By Sir

271
Pcspp. Poeppig, author of Travels in South America. Author of Plantarum Braailew, &c., Pohl. published .at Vienna. Poiret, a French botanist, one of tlie Poir. authors of the Encyc. Methodique. The aullior of a Flora of North Pursh. America.

EU.

Ker. H. Bellenden Ker, Esq., for some time Conductor of the Bot. Reg. Kunth. Author of the Flora Berolinensis, and
other works.

The E. Smith, the plates by Sowerby. second edition of this work is arranged according to the Linnean system.
J.

Knowl.

G. B. Knowles and F. et West. Westcott, Esqrs., Conductors of the Floral Cabinet,

Fisch. et Meyer.
botanists.

Fl. Cab.

La Gasca, Professor of Botany at Madrid 1811 ; author of many works. La Llave et Lexarsa. Spanish botanists, who wrote on the plants of Mexico. Flora Historica, by Phillips, 2 vols. Fl. Hist. Lam. Lamarck, a French botanist, one of the London. authors of the Rncyclopedie Methodique. Forsk. Forskaol, a Danish botanist, author of Lapey. La Peyrouse, autlior of the History of several works on the Flora of Egypt, &c. the Plants of the Pyrenees, &c. &c. Fougeroux de Bondaroy, a French Foug. Ledebour, a Prussian botanist, author Ledeb. botanist. of Flora Altaica, &c. Fuchs or Fuchsius. A German botanist, author Lehman, a German botanist, author of at Lehm.
Lag.
in

Fischer and Meyer, Russian

Floral Cabinet, conducted by Messrs. Knowles and Westcott, 3 vols.

Rffiusch.

Iteuschel, author of an enumeration

of plants, &c., published at Lcipsig. Rafincsque, an American author of the Raf. Medical Flora of the United States, &e. R. Br. Dr. Robert Brown, author of many
;

works. Rcichard, author of several botanical Reich. works published at Frankfort. German botanical author. Retz or Retzius.

of a Latin history of Plants, published

Basil in 1542.

many works.
Leyss.
Leysser, a

German

botanist.

Rich. Richard, father and son, French botanists, authors of many works. Rivinus, a German author of several Riv.

L'Herit.
of

L'Hcritier, a BVeuch botanist, author

works.

many

works.

Roem.

et

Schultes.
a

There are two botanical Giirtner. Gart. authors of this name, father and son. Dr. Gaulthicr, a French writer on Gault. maple
sugar.

Lindl.

Dr. Lindley, author of the Ladies' Botany, and many other Botanical works.
Linnaeus.

Schultes

Roemer a Swiss, and German, who wrote conjointly

vols., &c.

Systema Vegetabilum, 7
Roth.

Lin.

German

botanical author.

Lin. jun.

The son

of Linnseus.

Roxb.

Dr.

Roxburgh,

author

of

Hortus

G. Don. George Don, Esq., author of a General System of Botany, &c. &c.
Gill.

Dr. Gillies, a traveller in South America. Gloxin, author of Observationes BotaGlox.

nicae,

Linnean System. Lin. Syst. Professor of Botany at Gottihgen. Link. Professor Link, and M. Otto, Otto. Link and curator of the Berlin Bot. Gard., authors
of several works.

Bengalensis, &c.

Spanish botanists, Ruiz et Pavon. wrote the Flora Peruviana, &e.

Two

who

Strasburg.

Gmel.

Gmelin. There were several botanists of this name, one of whom wrote the Flora
Sibirica.

Lour.

Loureiro, author of the Flora Cochin-

chinensis, Lisbon,

1790.

Sal.

R. A. Salisbury, Esq., author of several

botanical works.

Graham.
Guss.

Dr. Graham of Edinburgh. Gussone, a Neapolitan writer on plants.

Schlecht.

Mart.

Professor Martyn's edition of Miller's Dictionary, published in 1787. Maund's Bot. Gard, The Botanic Garden,
Mill.

Professor Schleehtendal of Berlin, conductor of the Linnea, and author of many botanical works. Author of Flora Bohemica, &e. Schmidt.
Schott.

conducted by B. Maund, Esq., 8 vols, to the Schousboa, a Swedish botanist, who Scliou. end of 1839. wrote on the plants of Morocco. two French and son father ; Michx. Michaux, plants. Schrad. Schrader, a Hanoverian botanist, author botanists, who wrote on the plants of North Hayne. A German botanical author. of several works. America. and Humboldt, Bonpland, Scopoli, author of the Flora Camiolica, II. 'B. et Kunth. Scop. Dicof Miller's author Miller, Philip Mill. plants the Knnth, who wrote conjointly on &c. &c. tionary. of South America, Shaw. Author of Travels in Barbary and the The Gardener's Dictionary. Mill. Diet. lloff. G. F. Hoffman, a German botanist. Levant, Sec. Mocino and Sesse, two Spanish et Scss. authors Moc. Link, and Hoffman Dr. Sibthorp, a celebrated botaHoffm. et Link. Sib. et Fis. botanists, who published the Flora Mexicana. Portugaise. of the Flore nical traveller, and one of the authors of the many author of botanist, Botany Mojnch. A German Hook. Sir W. J. Hooker, Professor of Flora Grffica ; and Dr. Fischer, Director of works. Bot. Mag. at Glasgow, and Editor of the the Imperial Botanic Garden at St. Petersbotanical English old an Morison, Hook et Arnott. Sit W. J. Hooker, and Dr. Moris. burgh. century. 7th in the 1 author South Dr. Sibthorp and Sir Amott, in a work on the Plants of Sib. et Smith Fl. Grtec. Murr. J. A. Murray, Esq., an English botanist, James Edward Smith in the Flora Graca. America. on the Linnean work published a who of one botanist, Dr. Sims, for many years editor of the Sims. Horn. Horneman, a Danish System, &8. Bot. Mag. the authors of the Flora Danica. Hortus Berolinensis, Catalogue Smith. Sir James Edward Smith, author of Hort. Berol. many botanical works. of Plants in the Berlin Garden. botanist, Dutch Burmann, a Nicol Hortus Duroverni, a Cataloaue N. Burm. A German boUinist residing in Palis, Spach. Hort. Duro. works. several author of nursery. celebrated for making many new species and of the Plants, &c., in the Canterbury Botanica, Elementa of author Necker, contam- Neck. genera. Hortus Kewensis. A work in 5 vols., &c. cultivated Sprengel, a German botanist, author Spreng. ing a Catalogue of the Plants Author of Horse PhysicK Essenbach. von Nees of many botanical works. the Bot.anic Garden at Kew. Bonn, 1820. Berolinensis, &c. or Steven, author of several works on the Stev. Hortus, or Hortulanus, of gardens, Hort. Nuttall, an American botanist, author meaning a name common in Nutt. plants of Russia. ef gardeners of several works. Flower any book. Swt. Brit. Flow. Gard. The British gardens before it was recorded in papers in Garden, by Robert Sweet, 7 vols. Houst. Houston, author of some Robert Sweet, author of the British Swt. Phil. Trans. Spanish botanist, author of the Ortega. Flower Garden, and several botanical works. Espanola. Continuation of the Flora

Ham.

Dr. Buchanan, wlio afterwards took A writer on Nepal the name of Hamilton.

A German

botanist residing at Lcipsig.

Jacq.
Juss.

author of

The Baron Von Jacquin, many botanical wolks.

of

Vienna,
Pers.
Pliny.

Natural Jussieu, the establisher of the

System of Botany.

Persoon, author of a work on Fungi, &c. The ancient Roman naturalist.

Tausch.

Author of several botanical work-, published at Fragile.

272
Terore. Author of the Flora Ncapolitana, &c. There. Authorof Observations in the Journal Botanique. Thun. Thunberg, author of the Flora Japonica, &r. &c. Toume. Tournefort, a botanical author, who published a System of Plants founded on
the shape of the flower, a of Linnseus.
little

AUTHORITIES AND B00K8.

Vahl. A Danish botanist, author of many works. Vent. Ventenat, a French botanist and
botanical author.

Walds.

et Kit.

Waldstein and Kitaibel, who

Vig.

Viguier, a French botanist, who wrote the Natural History of Poppies and Arge-

wrote on the Plants of Hungary. Wallr. Wallroth, a German botanist. Walt. Walter, author of the Flora Caroliniana.

Wein.
Willd.
of

Weinmann, a Germail
Willdenow, a German

botanist, autlior

of several works.
botanist, author

mones.
Visiani.

before that

Viv.

Author of Plantso DalmaticiK, &c. Viviani, author of Flora Corsica, &c.,

many works. Wood. Med. Bot.

Botany, 4 vols.

Woodville's

published at Geooa.

Medical

THE EXD.

Printed by

Stewaet and Mueeat, Old

Bailey,