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Capacitively Loaded Parallel Coupled Line Harmonic Suppression Filter

D. Packiaraj Central Research Laboratory, BEL, Bangalore,
packi_rajj@yahoo.co.in

M. Ramesh Central Research Laboratory, BEL, Bangalore,

rmangipudiin@yahoo.co.in

A. T. Kalghatgi Central Research Laboratory, BEL, Bangalore,

ajittkalghatgi@bel.co.in

Abstract
This paper presents a second harmonic suppression filter designed using end loaded parallel-coupled lines. Desired harmonic suppression has been achieved by properly selecting the capacitance values for each coupled line section. Experimental results of a filter designed at 2.4GHz with 8% bandwidth have been presented. Key words: Filter, Harmonic, Loading and Suppression.

2b) synthesis procedure [1] is used to calculate the required coupling co-efficients and the corresponding filter's dimensions are given Table I.

1. Introduction
Rapidly growing wireless systems need filters with suppressed second harmonic and wide stop band region to accommodate multiband radios. Pronounced spurious response at 2fo in conventional parallel-coupled line filters [1] makes them unsuitable for use in wireless applications. Different types of filters have been reported in literature [213] for suppressing spurious resonances. The present paper reports yet another technique that uses end loaded parallelcoupled line (shown in Fig. 1) for suppressing the spurious response at 2fo. The loading capacitance C in each coupled line section can be properly chosen to achieve the desired spurious suppression at 2fo. Section 2 discusses design of the proposed filter. Experimental results of a filter are presented in Section 3. Section 4 concludes this paper.

Figure 2: a) SSS medium, b) Conventional parallel-coupled line filter, c) Harmonic suppression filter using capacitive loading. Table. I. Design parameters for the conventional parallel coupled line filter (W=1.5mm, SSS Parameters: b=2.58mm, h=0.38mm,r=2.17) Coupled Stage n 1 2 3 4 Coupling Coefficients Kn 0.342 0.0889 0.0889 0.342 Sn(mm) 0.22 1.04 1.04 0.22 Coupling Length Ln(mm) 28.5 28.5 28.5 28.5

Figure 1: Parallel-coupled line with loading capacitance.

2. Design of Harmonic Suppression Filter

A harmonic suppression filter with the following specifications is considered in this paper for illustrating the proposed technique. Filter's center frequency fo=2.4GHz, Bandwidth=8%, Filter order n=3. Filter is implemented in SSS medium (Fig. 2a). Initially standard conventional parallel-coupled line (shown in Fig.

To achieve spurious suppression at 2fo, coupled lines are loaded with capacitances at the end as shown in Fig. 2c. Due to the capacitive loading, the center frequency of the filter may be shifted and this can be brought back by properly adjusting the length of coupled line resonators. Impedance matrix of the coupled line (shown in Fig. 2b) given in (1-4) [14] can be used to find out the desired capacitive loadings by properly diminishing the 44 impedance matrix to 22 impedance matrix.
Z 11 = Z 22 = Z 33 = Z 44 = j 0.5( Z oe cot e + Z oo cot o )

(1) (2)

Z 12 = Z 21 = Z 34 = Z 43 = j 0.5( Z oe cot e oo cot o )

Z13 = Z 31 = Z 24 = Z 42 = j 0.5( Z oe cos ec e oo cos ec o )

Z14 = Z 41 = Z 23 = Z 32 = j 0.5( Z oe cos ec e + Z oo cos ec o )

(3) (4)

Table II lists the loading capacitances C1, C2 and C3, which have been extracted using MATLAB from the circuit analysis (by using the ABCD parameters of coupled line section along with the loading element). Required values of capacitances listed in Table II were realized using broad side coupled lines as shown in Fig. 3. Layout of the filter is shown in Fig. 4. Table III lists the overlap lengths d1, d2 and d3 required to realize the desired capacitances. Table II. Capacitances needed for second harmonic
suppression (W=1.5mm)

overlapped coupled lines are realized in the bottom layer of the substrate. Fig. 6 compares the experimental results of the filter against the simulation results. The filter with lumped loading capacitors was simulated using circuit model analysis, while the equivalent filter with distributive loading (broad side coupled line) was simulated using IE3D software [15]. Measured results show a pass band insertion loss of less than 1dB and rejection of more than 60dB at 2fo.

Resonator n 1 2 3

Cn(pF) 0.19 0.16 0.19 Figure 5: Assembled filter and top and bottom view of PCB.

Figure 3: Lumped capacitance loading and its equivalent distributed element.

Figure 4: PCB Layout of Harmonic suppression filter

Figure 6: Response of harmonic suppression filter.

Table. III. Design parameters for the Filter after Loading (W=1.5mm) Coupled Stage n 1 2 3 4 S(mm) 0.18 0.88 0.88 0.18 Coupling length Ln(mm) 25.2 25.6 25.6 25.2 dn(mm) 2.5 2 2.5

4. Conclusions
Band pass filter with suppressed second harmonic has been designed using end loaded parallel-coupled lines. The required loading capacitances were realized using broad side coupled lines. An experimental filter has been designed with 60dB suppression at 2fo.

5. References 3. Results
The filter housing shown in Fig. 5 consisting of two metallic air cavities has been fabricated in a workshop using the standard CNC machining process. From the photograph shown in Fig. 5, it can be noticed that the [1] G. Matthaei, L. Young, and E. M. T. Jones, Microwave Filters, Impedance Matching Networks and Coupling Structures. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1985. [2] D. Packiaraj, M. Ramesh and A. T. Kalghatgi, Design of a Tri-section Folded SIR Filter,IEEE

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