3G Evolution

Chapter:

12
Ruiyuan Tian

HSPA Evolution
Department p of Electrical and Information Technology gy

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

Outline
Introduction Evolved Features
HSDPA-MIMO Higher-order modulation Continuous packet connectivity Enhanced CELL_FACH operation p ( (about wake-from-idle time) ) Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

Summary

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

Outline
Introduction Evolved Features
HSDPA-MIMO Higher-order modulation Continuous packet connectivity Enhanced operation p about wake-from-idle Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

Summary

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

Introduction

Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+, I-HSPA)

By S. Parkvall

a wireless broadband standard defined in 3GPP Release 7+ DL: 42 Mbit/s (14 Mbit/s in HSPA) UL: 22 Mbit/s (5 (5.8 8 Mbit/s in HSPA)

An optional all-IP architecture for the network Significant g battery y life improvements, p dramatically yq quicker wake-from-idle time, a true always-on connection 1st commercial launched late 2008 (Australia)

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3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

Evolution?
Increase in performance and capability Evolved Features:
MIMO
dual-stream

Higher-order Higher order modulation

64QAM in DL, 16QAM in UL

Continues packet connectivity

always-on

Enhanced operation
quicker wake-from-idle time

http://www.slashphone.com/qualcommcompleted-20-mbps-hspa-data-call-311077

Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

Outline
Introduction Evolved Features
HSDPA-MIMO Higher-order modulation Continuous packet connectivity Enhanced operation p about wake-from-idle Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

Summary

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

HSDPA-MIMO (1)
MIMO
Cell-edge: g to increase carrier-to-interference ratio ( (CIR) )
Diversity, beamforming

Close to BS (high CIR): to data-rate booster

Spatial multiplexing: multiple layers/streams transmission

HSDPA-MIMO: dual-stream Tx adaptive array (D-TxAA)

Up to 2 streams supported each with same PHY processing (coding, spreading, modulation) Linear pre-coding: mapping to the 2 Tx antennas
Tx diversity Beamforming Orthogonal layers: signal pre-distortion for reduced interference

Main evolution in PHY

Small impact to the protocol layer
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 7

HSDPA-MIMO (2)
HS-DSCH (HSDLSharedChannel)
Modified to support up to 2 transport blocks per TTI (2 ms) Virtual antennas

Pre-coding P di
Mapping between virtual and physical antennas

HS-DSCH processing of MIMO:transmission HS DSCH HS-DSCH MAC MAC-hs h and d PHY processing

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3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

HSDPA-MIMO (3)
3GPP TS 25.214 V4.4.0, Release 99

TX diversity

Phase rotation in mode 1

Pre-coding Control Indication (PCI) feedback from UE

Closed loop mode 1: phase adjustment Equal Gain combining @ Tx Closed loop mode 2: phase & amplitude adjustment Maximum Ratio combining @ Tx
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 9

HSDPA-MIMO (4)
s12 s11
OSTBC
s11
s12

s11
s12

y21

y11
Combiner

11 s 12 s

y22 y12

Single Si l stream t transmission

s12 s11

s12
Pre-coding

s11
s21

y11 y12
y21 y22

12 s 11 s

s22 s21

s22

22 s 21 s

Dual stream transmission

By M. Zhu

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

10

HSDPA-MIMO (5)
Rate control for HSDPA-MIMO
Also to determine # of streams and p pre-coding g matrix

Hybrid-ARQ with Soft Combining for HSDPA-MIMO

One hybrid-ARQ ACK per stream

HS-SCCH (Shared Control Channel): Out-band DL control

Part 1 Channelization codes Modulation scheme # of streams Pre-coding matrix UE ID Transport block size Hybrid ARQ information Transport block size, stream 2 Hybrid ARQ information, stream 2 Part 2

HS-DPCCH HS DPCCH (D (Dedicated di t d Ph Physical i lC Control t l Ch Channel) l)

Out-band UL control signal Hybrid-ARQ ACK (1 or 2 streams) Channel Quality Indicator (CQI): recommended data rate (# of streams) Pre-coding Control Information (PCI): pre-coding matrix
3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 11

2009-04-02

Outline
Introduction Evolved Features
HSDPA-MIMO Higher-order modulation Continuous packet connectivity Enhanced operation p about wake-from-idle Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

Summary

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

12

Higher-order modulation
MIMO gain
Relies on certain p propagation p g conditions LOS: high CIR, but no multi-stream

Higher-order modulation
64 QAM i in DL DL, 16 QAM i in UL
DL peak rate (Mbits/s) ( ) Non-MIMO 16QAM 14 64QAM 21 16QAM 28 MIMO 64QAM 42 BPSK/QPSK 5.7 16QAM 11 UL peak rate (Mbits/s) ( )

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

13

Outline
Introduction Evolved Features
HSDPA-MIMO Higher-order modulation Continuous packet connectivity Enhanced operation p about wake-from-idle Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

Summary

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

14

Continuous packet connectivity (CPC)

WCDMA state model
CELL_PCH/URA_PCH: _ _ low power p consumption, p ,p paging g g states CELL_FACH: accessing (small data), DL monitor CELL_DCH: high-transmission activity, HS-DSCH, E-DCH (dedicated)

Continuous packet connectivity

always-on, keeping CELL-DCH Less states switch Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) Discontinuous Reception (DRX) HS-SCCH-less operation

Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling

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3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

15

DTX-reducing UL overhead
E-DCH (user data)
Interference & Overhead source: UL DPCCH Solution: less frequent DPCCH if no activity
No activity y Longer cycle

HS-DPCCH (control signal)

CQI

No CQI reports if not coincide with DTX cycle

No recent HS-DSCH transmission

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 16

DRX-reducing UE power consumption

UE
Monitor 4 HS-SCCHs in each subframe Full scheduling flexibility, but power-consumption

DRX
A UE DRX cycle l after ft a period i d of f HS HS-DSCH DSCH i inactivity ti it Combined with DTX No activity

Longer DTX cycle

Coordinated DRX cycle

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

17

HS-SCCH-less operation: DL overhead reduction

Overhead
HS-SCCH for DL scheduling, g, significant g in small p payloads y ( (VoIP) )

HS-SCCH-less operation
To perform HS-DSCH transmission without HS-SCCH Blind Bli d d decoding di f for certain t i f formats t ( (modulation, d l ti code) d )
No SCCH accompanied

No NAK to be transmitted for overhead reduction

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 18

Enhanced CELL_FACH operation

CELL_FACH (Forward Access Channel)
No dedicated p physical y channel UE to monitor DL Latency for state switch from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH

Enhanced CELL_FACH CELL FACH operation

HS-DSCH signaling (DL) allowed in CELL_FACH state
User data transfer during the state switch from FACH to DCH

E-DCH signaling (UL) activated in CELL_FACH state

Reduce delay from switching to DCH

Reduction in call-setup p delay, y, improved p user p perception p

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

19

Layer 2 protocol enhancement

Radio Link Control (RLC)
In the control p plane of layer y 2 Offer services to higher layers

RLC Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

A segment t of fS Service i D Data t U Unit it (SDU) d data t fl flow Comprised of a data segment and the RLC header

RLC PDU size

Semi-static: limit the peak data rate Flexible RLC PDU size
Match the instantaneous radio condition

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

20

Outline
Introduction Evolved Features
HSDPA-MIMO Higher-order modulation Continuous packet connectivity Enhanced operation p about wake-from-idle Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

Summary

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

21

Advanced receiver (1)

More advanced receiver algorithms
No specified p receiver structure Specified performance requirement
Developed with a baseline receiver

Advanced UE receivers in 3GPP

Type 1: RX diversity Type 2: LMMSE chip-level equalizer (EQ) Type 3: RX diversity + LMMSE EQ Type 4: RX diversity + interference-aware EQ

2009-04-02

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Advanced receiver (2)

Type 1: RX diversity
(optional) up to 2 antennas Limitation: branch imbalance, form factor of UE

Type 2
Reference receiver structure: LMMSE chiplevel equalizer Any receivers, e.g., Generalized RAKE

2009-04-02

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Advanced receiver (3)

2 dB gain for LMMSE over RAKE G-RAKE equalizes the channel to be flat

[] K. Freudenthaler, et al., Throughput Analysis for a UMTS High Speed Downlink Packet Access LMMSE Equalizer
2009-04-02

[] Gregory E. Bottomley, et al., Advanced receivers for WCDMA terminal platforms and base stations
24

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

Advanced receiver (4)

Type 3
Combination of RX diversity y and EQ ( (Type yp 1 + 2) )
Type 2 Type 3 Type 1

RAKE

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

25

Outline
Introduction Evolved Features
HSDPA-MIMO Higher-order modulation Continuous packet connectivity Enhanced operation p about wake-from-idle Layer 2 protocol enhancement Advanced receiver

Summary

2009-04-02

3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

26

Summary
HSPA Evolution
Evolution of WCDMA: backwards compatibility p y MIMO: increased peak data rate Higher order modulation Continuous Packet Connectivity: always always-on on Advanced receiver

More to evolve
BW extension: combine of multiple 5 MHz HSPA carriers

LTE-WiMAX contest winner could be HSPA+ for now

2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 27

3G Evolution
Chapter:

12 HSPA Evolution

Thanks
Ruiyuan Tian
Department p of Electrical and Information Technology gy
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 28