STAT 2507

Solution-Assignment # 2

Total mark=20

Fall 2011

Question 1. Use the following minitab commands to generate 8 observations: MTB > set c11 DATA> 5 6 2 8 8 1 2 7 DATA> end MTB > random 8 c12; SUBC> normal 0 0.7. MTB > let c1=c11+c12 (a) [1] Use Minitab to compute the standard deviation of the numbers in c1. The answer is 3.36. (any number between 2.4 and 3.6 is acceptable) (b) [1] Add 2.5 to each number (let c2=c1+2.5 will do this, assuming the raw data are in c1). Now compute the standard deviation: 3.36. (same as part a) How does your answer compare with that in part (a)? Same. (c) [1] Multiply the data in (a) by 4 and compute the standard deviation: 13.44. (part a 4) How does your answer compare with that in part (a)? 4 times. (If you are not sure, divide the standard deviation of part (c) by the one of part (a).) Question 2. The Minitab data set sat has the mean verbal and math scores of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) for the academic years 1967 to 1981. Retrieve the sat data set (by either typing: retrieve sat , or by choosing le Open Worksheet (you may need to click on look in Minitab Sample Data folder icon) and then choosing sat). (a) [1] Fit a L-S regression line using year to predict the verbal scores (verbal score is called the response variable). What is the equation of the L-S regression line? verbal= 7373 3.51 year. (b) [1] Fit a L-S regression line using year to predict the math scores (response variable). What is the equation of the L-S regression line? Math= 4955 2.27 year. (c) [1] Fit a L-S regression line using verbal scores to predict the math scores (response variable). What is the equation of the L-S regression line?Math= 193 + 0.643 verbal. (d) [1] What is the predicted score for math in 1970? 483.1. In 1983? 453.59. In 2000? 415. Which of these seem to make sense? For the years in the range of data, 1970 and 1983.

(e) [1] Use your answer to part (c) to predict the math score if the verbal score is 450. Answer: 482.35. Can you predict the verbal score if the math score is 480? Answer: Not based on equation in part (c Why? Equation in part (c) is a model to predict y (Math), based on x (verbal). Question 3. Suppose that X has a binomial distribution with n=30 and p=0.6. Use Minitab to simulate 50 values of X . MTB > random 50 c1; SUBC > binomial 30 0.6. (a) [1] What proportion of your values are less than 20? 36/50. (any number between 25/50 and 40/50 is acceptable) (b) [1] What is the exact probability that X will be less than 20? 0.70850. Hint: To nd P (X k ), for any k 0, use the cdf command; this works by typing MTB > cdf; SUBC > binomial 30 0.6.

(c) [1] Find P (X < 24)= 0.9828, and P (12 X 15)= 0.1754 0.0083 = 0.1671 . (d) [1] If you simulate 10000 values of X , what would be the expected number of values (among the 10000) that are less than 24? (1000)(0.9828)=9828. ALSO do the following questions: 1. [2] Suppose that a random variable X follows the distribution given by: a -2 -1 P (X = a) 1/8 1/4 0 1 2 1/4 ? 1/8

Let Y = X 2 . The values of P (Y 1) and E (Y ) are respectively (a) 3/4 and 1 (b) 1/4 and 1/8. (c) 3/4 and 3/2 (**) (d) 1/4 and 0.

2. [2] A survey has revealed that 75% of all college students study. It is also known that 85% of all students who study will graduate, while only 35% of those students who do not study will graduate. A randomly selected student is observed to graduate. What is the probability that the student studied? (a) 0.825 (b) 0.8375 (c) 0.8793 (**) (d) 0.875

3. For events A and B we have P (A) = 0.3 (a) [1.5] Find P (A|B ) P (A B ) P (B ) = 0.8 P (B A ). P ( A B ) = 0 .9

Solution: P (A B ) = P (A) + P (B ) P (A B ) P (A B ) = 0.3 + 0.8 0.9 = 0.2 (AB ) .2 P (A|B ) = P P =0 = 0.25 (B ) 0.8 P (A B ) = P (B ) P (A B ) = 0.8 0.2 = 0.6 (B A ) = 1 P (A B ) = 1 0.2 = 0.8 (b) [0.5] Are A and B independent? Why? Solution: No there are not independent, since P (A B ) = P (A)P (B ), 0.2 = (0.3)(0.8) 4. A box of candy contains 30 pieces. Twenty-six are made of chocolate and four are made of vanilla. (a) [1] Five pieces are selected at random, without replacement. What is the probability that four of them are chocolates?

(a) 0.376

(b) 0.764

(c) 0.420

(**)

(d) 0.125

It is Hypergeometric distribution P (X = 4) =
26 .C 4 C4 1 30 C5

= 0.420

(b) [1] What would be the answer to part (a) if the ve pieces are selected at random with replacement (i.e., a selected piece is put back in the box before the next selection is made)? (a) 0.376 (**) (b) 0.764 (c) 0.420 (d) 0.125

It is Binomial distributin
5 26 4 4 ( 30 ) ( 30 ) = 0.376 P (X = 4) = C4