Section 6.

1
SOLUTION

Introduction to Linear Transformations

371

Using properties of definite integrals, you can write

#
#

T! p " q" !

$ p!x" " q!x"% dx

a
b

p!x" dx "

q!x" dx

! T! p" " T!q"

and

T!cp" !

c$ p!x"% dx ! c

p!x" dx ! cT! p".

So, T is a linear transformation.

SECTION 6.1 Exercises

In Exercises 18, use the function to find (a) the image of v and
(b) the preimage of w.
1. T!v1, v2 " ! !v1 " v2, v1 # v2 ", v ! !3, #4", w ! !3, 19"

11. T: R3 R3, T!x, y, z" ! !x " y, x # y, z"

12. T: R3 R3, T!x, y, z" ! !x " 1, y " 1, z " 1"
13. T: R2 R3, T!x, y" ! !)x, xy, )y "

2. T!v1, v2 " ! !2v2 # v1, v1, v2 ", v ! !0, 6", w ! !3, 1, 2"

14. T: R2 R3, T!x, y" ! !x2, xy, y2 "

3. T!v1, v2, v3" ! !v2 # v1, v1 " v2, 2v1", v ! !2, 3, 0",

15. T: M2,2 R, T!A" ! A

w ! !#11, #1, 10"

16. T: M2,2 R, T!A" ! a " b " c " d, where A !

4. T!v1, v2, v3" ! !2v1 " v2, 2v2 # 3v1, v1 # v3",

v ! !#4, 5, 1", w ! !4, 1, #1"
5. T!v1, v2, v3" ! !4v2 # v1, 4v1 " 5v2 ", v ! !2, #3, #1",
w ! !3, 9"
6. T!v1, v2, v3" ! !2v1 " v2, v1 # v2 ", v ! !2, 1, 4",
w ! !#1, 2"
7. T!v1, v2 " !

* 22 v #

)2

8. T!v1, v2 " !

v2, v1 " v2, 2v1 # v2 ,

v ! !1, 1", w ! !#5)2, #2, #16"

)3

1
v # v , v # v2, v2 ,
2 1 2 2 1

v ! !2, 4", w ! !)3, 2, 0"

In Exercises 922, determine whether the function is a linear

transformation.
9. T: R2 R2, T!x, y" ! !x, 1"
10. T:

R2 R2,

T!x, y" ! !

x2,

y"

((

&
&

&ac

'

b
.
d

'
'

0
17. T: M3,3 M3,3, T!A" ! 0
1

0
1
0

1
0 A
0

1
18. T: M3,3 M3,3, T!A" ! 0
0

0
1
0

0
0 A
#1

19. T: M2,2 M2,2, T!A" ! AT

20. T: M2,2 M2,2, T!A" ! A#1
21. T: P2 P2, T!a0 " a1x " a2 x 2" !

!a0 " a1 " a2 " " !a1 " a2 "x " a2 x 2

22. T: P2 P2, T!a0 " a1x " a2 x 2" ! a1 " 2a2 x
In Exercises 2326, let T: R 3 R 3 be a linear transformation
such that T!1, 0, 0" ! !2, 4, #1", T!0, 1, 0" ! !1, 3, #2", and
T!0, 0, 1" ! !0, #2, 2". Find
23. T!0, 3, #1".

24. T!2, #1, 0".

25. T!2, #4, 1".

26. T!#2, 4, #1".

372

Chapter 6

Linear Transformations

In Exercises 2730, let T: R 3 R 3 be a linear transformation

such that T%1, 1, 1& " %2, 0, !1&, T%0, !1, 2& " %!3, 2, !1&, and
T%1, 0, 1& " %1, 1, 0&. Find

In Exercises 4346, let Dx be the linear transformation from

C$ (a, b) into C (a, b) from Example 10. Decide whether each
statement is true or false. Explain your reasoning.

27. T%2, 1, 0&.

28. T%0, 2, !1&.

29. T%2, !1, 1&.

30. T%!2, 1, 0&.

43. Dx%e x # 2x& " Dx%e x & # 2Dx%x&

In Exercises 3135, the linear transformation T: Rn Rm is defined

by T%v& " Av. Find the dimensions of Rn and Rm.

"
"

0
31. A " !1
0

1
4
1

1
32. A " !2
!2

2
4
2

!2
5
3

1
0
1

2
0

1
2

3
!1

!1
0
34. A "
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
2
0

0
0
0
1

!1
0

"

"

35. A "

"!1

44. Dx%x2 ! ln x& " Dx%x2& ! Dx%ln x&

45. Dx%sin 2x& " 2Dx%sin x&

46. Dx cos

x
1
" Dx%cos x&
2
2

Calculus In Exercises 4750, for the linear transformation from

Example 10, find the preimage of each function.

!1
0

33. A "

4
0

36. For the linear transformation from Exercise 31, find

(a) T%1, 0, 2, 3& and (b) the preimage of %0, 0, 0&.
37. Writing For the linear transformation from Exercise 32,
find (a) T%2, 4& and (b) the preimage of %!1, 2, 2&. (c) Then
explain why the vector %1, 1, 1& has no preimage under this
transformation.
38. For the linear transformation from Exercise 33, find
(a) T%1, 0, !1, 3, 0& and (b) the preimage of %!1, 8&.
39. For the linear transformation from Exercise 34, find
(a) T%1, 1, 1, 1& and (b) the preimage of %1, 1, 1, 1&.
40. For the linear transformation from Exercise 35, find
(a) T%1, 1&, (b) the preimage of %1, 1&, and (c) the preimage of
%0, 0&.
41. Let T be the linear transformation from R 2 into R 2 represented
by T%x, y& " %x cos % ! y sin %, x sin % # y cos %&.
Find (a) T%4, 4& for % " 45&, (b) T%4, 4& for % " 30&, and
(c) T%5, 0& for % " 120&.
42. For the linear transformation from Exercise 41, let % " 45& and
find the preimage of v " %1, 1&.

47. f %x& " 2x # 1

48. f %x& " e x

49. f %x& " sin x

50. f %x& "

1
x

51. Calculus Let T be the linear transformation from P into R

shown by

'

T % p& "

p%x& dx.

Find (a) T%3x2 ! 2&, (b) T%x3 ! x5&, and (c) T%4x ! 6&.
52. Calculus Let T be the linear transformation from P2 into R
represented by the integral in Exercise 51. Find the preimage of
1. That is, find the polynomial function(s) of degree 2 or less
such that T% p& " 1.
53. Let T be a linear transformation from R 2 into R 2 such that
T%1, 1& " %1, 0& and T%1, !1& " %0, 1&. Find T%1, 0& and T%0, 2&.
54. Let T be a linear transformation from R 2 into R 2 such that
T%1, 0& " %1, 1& and T%0, 1& " %!1, 1&. Find T%1, 4& and T%!2, 1&.
55. Let T be a linear transformation from P2 into P2 such
that T%1& " x, T%x& " 1 # x, and T%x2& " 1 # x # x2. Find
T%2 ! 6x # x2&.
56. Let T be a linear transformation from M2,2 into M2,2 such that
T

!" 0
1

0
0

!" 1

0
0

Find T

#$ " " 0
1

!1
,
2

!" 0
0

1
0

#$ " " 0

2
,
1

!" 0

0
1

!"!1
1

#$

3
.
4

#$ " " 1
0

2
,
1

#$ " " 1

!1
.
0