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Factors that affect Gas Pressure

What affect does pressure have on the reaction between two gasses? Atoms or molecules in a gas are very spread out. For the two chemicals to react, there must be collisions between their molecules. By increasing the pressure, molecules are squeezed together so the frequency of collisions between them will increase. This is collision theory.In a diesel engine, compressing the gaseous mixture of air and diesel also increases the temperature enough to produce combustion. Increasing pressure also results in raising the temperature. It is not enough in a petrol engine to produce combustion, so petrol engines need a spark plug. When the petrol air mixture has been compressed, a spark from the plug ignites the mixture. In both cases the reaction (combustion) is very fast. This is because once the reaction has started, heat is produced and this will make it go even faster.

Amount of Gas When air is pump into a container, the amount of gas inside the tire will increase, which increases the number of collisions between gas particles, which increases the pressure Relationship is direct: If the amount of gas is double, the pressure will double

Fewer gas particles, lower pressure

More gas particles, higher pressure

More gas particles, higher pressure In a sealed container, gases move from an area of high pressure to low pressure

Volume If the volume of a container is reduced, the pressure will increase

If the volume of a container is increased, the pressure will decrease

Relationship is inverse If the volume is doubled, the pressure will decrease by half Temperature If the temperature is increased, the particles will move faster, Which causes more collisions between particles

Which increases the pressure Increasing the temperature causes the pressure to increase

Relationship is direct As the temperature is doubled, the pressure is doubled As the temperature is decreased by half, the pressure will decrease by half

Kinetic theory
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The temperature of an ideal monatomic gas is a measure related to the average kinetic energy of its atoms as they move. In this animation, the size of helium atoms relative to their spacing is shown to scale under 1950 atmospheres of pressure. These roomtemperature atoms have a certain, average speed (slowed down here two trillion fold). Kinetic theory (or the kinetic or kinetic-molecular theory of gases) is the theory that all matter is made up of a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion. The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of the container. Kinetic theory explains macroscopic properties of gases, such as pressure, temperature, or volume, by considering their molecular composition and motion. Essentially, the theory posits that pressure is due not to static repulsion between molecules, as was Isaac Newton's conjecture, but due to collisions between molecules moving at different velocities.

While the particles making up a gas are too small to be visible, the jittering motion of pollen grains or dust particles which can be seen under a microscope, known as Brownian motion, results directly from collisions between the particle and air molecules. This experimental evidence for kinetic theory, pointed out by Albert Einstein in 1905, is generally seen as having confirmed the existence of atoms and molecules.

Postulates The theory for ideal gases makes the following assumptions:

The gas consists of very small particles, all with non-zero mass. The number of molecules is large such that statistical treatment can be applied. These molecules are in constant, random motion. The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with the walls of the container. The collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container holding them are perfectly elastic. Except during collisions the interactions among molecules are negligible (they exert no forces on one another). The total volume of the individual gas molecules added up is negligible compared to the volume of the container. This is equivalent to stating that the average distance separating the gas particles is large compared to their size. The molecules are perfectly spherical in shape, and elastic in nature. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles depends only on the temperature of the system. Relativistic effects are negligible. Quantum-mechanical effects are negligible. This means that the inter-particle distance is much larger than the thermal de Broglie wavelength and the molecules are treated as classical objects. The time during collision of molecule with the container's wall is negligible as comparable to the time between successive collisions. The equations of motion of the molecules are time-reversible.

More modern developments relax these assumptions and are based on the Boltzmann equation. These can accurately describe the properties of dense gases, because they include the volume of the molecules. The necessary assumptions are the absence of quantum effects, molecular chaos and small gradients in bulk properties. Expansions to higher orders in the density are known as virial expansions. The definitive work is the book by Chapman and Enskog but there have been many modern developments and there is an alternative approach developed by Grad based on moment expansions.[citation needed] In the other limit, for extremely rarefied gases, the gradients in bulk properties are not small compared to the mean free paths. This is known as the Knudsen regime and expansions can be performed in the Knudsen number. The kinetic theory has also been extended to include inelastic collisions in granular matter by Jenkins and others.

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