BM

On-Line Condensive Bushing Power Factor and Capacitance Monitors

Condensive bushings are accessories applied on high and extra-high voltage equipment, such as power transformers, shunt reactors and high voltage circuit breakers. In general, despite the equipments individual cost being relatively low as compared to the overall cost of the equipment to which it is attached, a failure in the bushings insulation can bring about severe damage to the equipment. Capacitance and dissipation factor (tangent delta) are important factors in the early detection of deterioration of the insulation in bushings, current transformers and other apparatus. The Treetechs Bushing Monitor BM allows these parameters to be monitored on-line during regular operation. This condition based assessment technique allows potentially catastrophic failures to be avoided, by detecting problems while still in the incipient phase.

Main Features
Autonomous monitoring system, to be installed on the body of the equipment (transformer, reactor, etc.). Does not require installation of computers and/or special software for operation; Operating temperatures -40...+85C; Universal voltage input, 38 to 265Vdc/Vac; Spare bushings pre-programmed for operation in case of single-phase transformer banks; Modular system: configurable for monitoring of 3, 6 or 9 bushings; Protection against bushing tap opening, with activation indicated by an alarm; Inputs for 2 Pt100 0C temperature sensors, allowing recording and correlation of insulation variation with changes in ambient temperature, oil temperature or others; Local indication on displays: current values for capacitance (C1), tangent Delta (C1), evolution trends for capacitance and tangent delta, forecasted time to reach alarm levels, phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase voltages, leakage currents and temperatures; 8 output contacts, 1fixed (NC) for autodiagnostic and 7 configurable (5 NO and 2 NC) for alarms by absolute values, high evolution trends or low leakage curents. Operation mode programmable NO or NC; 2 programmable analog outputs for remote readings of capacitances and tangent delta. Configurable output range: 0...1mA, 0...5mA, 0...10mA, 0...20mA or 4...20mA; Internal clock and non volatile memory for storage of history of capacitance and tangent delta data and alarm events; Serial communication port selectable RS485 or RS232 with Modbus RTU and DNP3.0 protocols; Communication via fiber optic cable, using external electrical-optical converter; Simplified programing divided into basic settings (sufficient for most applications) and advanced parameters. User password protected programming menu. 01 Bushing Monitor- BM CA-008 2006/07/20 Rev. 2
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OIL IMPREGNATED PAPER INSULATION LAYERS CONDUCTING LAYERS FOR EQUALIZING ELECTRICAL FIELD

Operating Principle

The constructive structure of condensive bushings gives rise to the appearance of a capacitance between the bushings central conductor and ground, as shown in figure 1. Once the bushing has been energized, this capacitance allows the passage of a leakage current to ground, 90 ahead of the voltage as shown in figure 2. In this same figure, we can see that, due to losses in the dielectric, this leakage current also has a resistive component, in phase with the voltage.

Ifuga

Vf

C1

Figure 1 - Constructive structure of Condensive bushing

Figure 2 Equivalent circuit of an energized condensive bushing

Therefore, any change in these two parameters of the insulation of the bushing (capacitance and tand) causes a corresponding change in the leakage current (capacitive and resistive components, respectively). The Bushing Monitor BM operates by continually measuring the leakage currents of the three bushings in a three-phase set, through adapters connected to the test taps or bushing voltage taps. Processing the readings of the leakage currents allows the variations occurring in capacitance and tangent delta to be charted, which associated to programming of initial values for these variables allows on-line indication of their current values. Initial values can be obtained from factory tests for new bushings or from off-line tests performed at BMs installation. One of the techniques employed in processing the readings is using the sum of leakage currents. This technique is based on the fact that any change in one of the leakage currents is mirrored equally in the sum of the 3 currents, as shown in figure 3. This allows detection of even small changes in the value of tangent delta, since the resistive portion of the leakage current, which is associated to the insulation's tangent delta, has a very small participation in the overall leakage current. This way, variations that might not be detected directly in the leakage current are detectable in the sum of currents. Variations detected are always imputed to only one of the bushings in the three-phase set, chosen according to the angle of the sum current Change Vector.

(a)

(b) Figure 3 - Leakage currents of three bushings in a three-phase system and their sum; (a) For a given initial condition; (b) With change in phase A bushing's capacitance and dissipation factor

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Topology of the BM System

The BM bushing monitoring system has a modular conception, and is composed of three basic parts (see figure 4):
Adapter for test tap or voltage tap provides the electric connection to the tap of the bushing, also ensuring its mechanical rigidity and weatherproofing seal. It incorporates protection against overvoltages and overcurrents due to transient phenomena and also against accidental opening of the measuring circuit, preventing the tap from remaining open. This protection can provide a low impedance path for the leakage current for unlimited time. In case of operation the Measurement Module closes its autodiagnostic contact and the Interface Module provides visual alarm besides closing the user programmed contacts. Measuring Module BM-MM receives the leakage currents from the three bushings in a three-phase set, carries out measuring of these currents and a first level of mathematical and statistical processing of the information, making this data available to the Interface Module (BM-HMI) through a serial communication port RS485; Interface Module BM-HMI receives information from one, two or three measuring modules (BM-MM) and carries out their mathematical and statistical processing, making the results available as the current values for capacitance and tangent delta for each bushing displaying these on the front panel displays.

(A)

(B)

(C)

Figure 4 Component parts of the Bushing Monitoring System BM; (a) Tap Adapter; (b) Measuring Module BM-MM; (c) Interface Module BM-HMI

Figure 5 displays the connections between the different parts for a three-phase transformer monitoring 3 bushing sets. Figure 6 shows an example for banks of single-phase transformers
PRIMARY SECONDARY TAP ADAPTERS TERTIRY

MEASUREMENT

MEASUREMENT

MEASUREMENT

MODULE 1 RS485 INTERFACE MODULE DRY CONTACTS ANALOG OUTPUTS mA SERIAL PORTS

MODULE 2 RS485

MODULE 3

TRANSFORMER CONTROL CABINET

Figure 5 Connections between the parts comprising the Bushing Monitoring System BM

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Bushing Monitor- BM
BANK 2
PHASE C HV LV LV LV LV LV HV HV HV HV PHASE A PHASE B PHASE C PHASE A HV

SPARE TRANSFORMER
PHASE B

BANK 1

REACTOR BANK
PHASE B HV PHASE C

PHASE A

HV

HV

LV

Figure 6 Example of Bushing Monitoring System BM for banks of single-phase transformers

04
MEASUREMENT MODULE 2 MEASUREMENT MODULE 1

MEASUREMENT MODULE 2

MEASUREMENT MODULE 3

RS485
INTERFACE MODULE

RS485

CENTRALIZING CABINET BANK 1

DRY CONTACTS ANALOG OUTPUTS mA SERIAL PORTS

CA-008 2006/07/20 Rev. 2

SIGNALS FROM BUSHINGS OF SPARE XFMR BROUGHT TO MEASUREMENT MODULE 1 SHORTING-TYPE RS485 TERMINAL BLOCKS AT INDIVIDUAL CONTROL CABINET. INTERFACE IN CASE OF SPARE MODULE UNIT BEING PUT IN SERVICE, THESE SIGNALS MUST BE DRY CONTACTS CONNECTED TO THE ANALOG OUTPUTS mA CORRESPONDING SERIAL PORTS MEASURING MODULE IN PLACE OF THE UNIT TAKEN OUT OF SERVICE. THIS BUSHING EXCHANGE OPERATION MUST BE INFORMED IN THE CORRESPONDING MENU OF INTERFACE

CENTRALIZING CABINET BANK 2

CENTRALIZING CABINET REACTORS BANK

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Input Voltage: Maximum Consumption: Operating Temperature: Protection Level: Fixation: Wire size - removable connectors: Temperatue measurement: Input: Measurement range: Maximum error @ 20C Deviation by temperature variation: Connection options: Output relays: Type and functions (standard): Maximum switching power: Maximum switching voltage: Maximum conduction current: Analog outputs: Variable: Output range: Maximum error: Maximum load Serial Communication Ports: Communication Protocols: Mass Memory Recording interval: Capacity:

Technical Data

Interface Module BM-HMI

38 to 265 Vac/Vdc 50/60Hz <8 W -40 to +85 C IP 20 Panel fixation 22 to 12 AWG, 0.3 to 2.5mm Pt100 @ 0C with continuous self-calibration -55 to +200C 0,2% of full scale 20ppm/C 1 or 2 sensor with 3 wires Dry contacts 5NO (configurable)+ 3NC (2 configurable + 1 autodiagnostic) 70 W (dc) / 220 VA (ac) 250Vdc / 250 Vac 5A 2 with common positive Programmable Programmable 0-1, 0-5, 0-10, 0-20, 4-20mA 0.5% of end of scale 0-1mA 10k, 0-5mA 2k, 0-10mA 1k, 0-20mA 500, 4-20mA 500. 1 RS485 (for BM-MM) +1 RS485/232 (for supervisory system) Modbus RTU and DNP 3.0 level 1 Non-volatile type FIFO (First In First Out) 1 to 720 hours 712, 420 or 297 registers (for 1, 2 or 3 BM-MM connected)

Measurement Module BM-MM

Input Voltage: Maximum Consumption: Operating Temperature: Protection Level: Fixation: Wire size: AC current measurement inputs: Monitored quantities: Capacitance: Tangent Delta: Output relay:

38 to 265 Vac/Vdc 50/60Hz 5W -40 to +85C IP 20 DIN rail 35mm 22 to 12 AWG, 0.3 to 2.5mm using appropriate ring-type terminal lug 3 for bushing leakage currents (0...100mA) 0...6500pF 0...9,999% 1(NC) for autodiagnostic

Tap Adapter
The mechanical construction of the tap adapter varies in accordance with the bushing's model and manufacturer. Treetech has off the shelf adapters for a range of bushing models commonly found on the market. Other adapter models can be readily developed, whenever needed. Tap adapters are equipped with protection against opening of the tap that prevents the development of dangerous voltages in case the cable that takes the leakage current to the Measuring Module is disconnected.
Maximum voltage in case of cable disconnection: Permanent conduction capacity @125C with disconnected cable: Operation temperature: Protection level: Wire size: 14V 2 Vac 2x250mA (redundant protection) -55 to +125C IP65 (NEMA 4) 22 to 14 AWG, 0.3 to 1.5mm

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Connection Diagram

Application example monitoring 3 sets of bushings on a three-phase transformer

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Dimensions
Interface Module BM-HMI

Measurement Module BM-MM

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Type Tests

Surge Immunity (IEC 60255-22-5): phase-neutral surges: phase-ground and neutral-ground surges: Electrical transients Immunity (IEC 60255-22-1) and (IEEE C37.90.1): 1st cycle peak Frequency: time and repetition rate: decay to 50%: Voltage Impulse (IEC 60255-5): Wave form: Amplitude and energy: Number of pulses: Insulation Voltage (IEC 60255-5): Industrial frequency insulation voltage

1 kV, 5 per polarity (+/-) 2 kV, 5 per polarity (+/-) 2.5 kV 1.1 MHz 2 seconds, 400 surges/sec. 5 cycles 1,2 / 50 ms 5kV 3 negative e 3 positive, 5s interval 2 kV 60Hz 1 min. to ground

Irradiated electromagnetic field Immunity (IEC 61000-4-3/IEC60255-22-3): Frequency: 26 to 2000 MHz Field intensity: 10 V/m Conduced electromagnetic perturbations immunity (IEC60255-22-6): Frequency: Field intensity: Electrostatic Discharge immunity (IEC 60255-22-2) and (IEEEC37.90.3): Air mode: Contact mode: Fast electrical transient immunity (IEC60255-22-4) and (IEEEC37.90.1): Power supply, inputs and outputs: Serial communication port: Climatic test: (IEC 60068-2-14): Temperature range: Total test time: Vibration response: (IEC 60255-21-1): Application mode: Amplitude: Intensity: Duration: Vibration resistance: (IEC 60255-21-1): Application mode: Frequency Intensity: Duration: 0.15 to 80 MHz 10 V/m 8 kV, ten discharges per polarity 6 kV, ten discharges per polarity 4 kV - 2,5kV 2 kV - 5,0kV -40 to +85C 120 hours 3 axis (X, Y e Z), sinusoidal 0,075mm from 10 to 58 Hz 1G from 58 to 150 Hz 8 min/axis 3 axis (X, Y e Z), sinusoidal 10 to 150 Hz 2G 160 min/axis

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input is universal.

Order specification

The Bushing Monitor BM is a universal device. Its features are selected by using the programming menus. These adjustments can be made directly on the device's front panel or by way of the serial communication ports RS232 or RS485. The power feed

Therefore, in purchase orders for the equipment only the following need to be informed: Quantity of Measurement Modules BM-HMI (with each BM-HMI receiving signals from 3 bushings on a three-phase set); Quantity of Interface Modules BM-HMI (with one BM-HMI being able to connect to 1, 2 or 3 BM-MM modules). Number of Adapters for bushing taps and the respective manufacturers, models of bushings to monitor and type of tap (voltage or test tap).

Example of order specification : For one transformer (or bank of transformers) where is necessary to monitor three 500kV and three 230kV bushings the order specification could be: - 2 Measurement Modules BM-MM - 1 Interface Module BM-HMI - 3 Tap adapters for bushings ABB brand, type GOE with voltage tap - 3 Tap adapters for bushings Trench brand, type COTA with test tap

Specification subject to change without notice 09 Bushing Monitor- BM CA-008 2006/07/20 Rev. 2
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Brazil Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda. Praa Claudino Alves, 141 - Centro CEP 12940-040 - Atibaia - SP Fone: +55 11 4413 5787 E-mail: comercial@treetech.com.br www.treetech.com.br United States Technical Sales - Northwest P.O. Box: 230427 - Portland Phone: 503 345 9710 E-mail: derek@techsales-nw.com www.treetechusa.com Mexico Monitoreo e Control de Transformadores S.A. de C.V. Calle Sur 4, 9 - Zona Industrial CP 43805 - Tizayuca - Hydalgo Tel.: +52 55 5300 8733 E-mail: jgchirino@monitoreoycontrol.com Pakistan Shaukat Associates 306 Gul Plaza - Civic Centre New Garden Town - Lahore Tel.: 042 5860662 Fax: 042 586 6649 E-mail: shaukat1@ihr.paknet.com.pk Paraguay EMQUIMICA Av. General Santos, 785 - Las Mercedes P.O. Box 901 - Asuncin Tel.: 595 21 214 814 E-mail: emquimic@rieder.net.py Peru Logytec - Instrumentos Electro-Electrnicos Isidoro Surez, 219 - San Miguel - Lima Tel.: 511 452 3111 Fax: 511 464 4889 e-mail:ventas@logytec.com.pe Russia, Ukraine and other countries of CEI (Newly Independent States) Tridex Ltd. 13 Minskaya St., Zaporozhye 69015 Ukraine Tel./Fax: +38 (0612) 13-91-05 +38 (0612) 12-65-01 e-mail: ludmila@tridex.com.ua

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