Unit 2 Diet

In nutrition, the diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat. Although humans are omnivores, each culture holds some food preferences and some food taboos. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy. Proper nutrition requires the proper ingestion and equally important, the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and fuel in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in health and mortality, and can also define cultures and play a role in religion. Traditional diet is the diet of native populations such as the Native Americans, Khoisan or Australian Aborigines. Traditional diets vary with availability of local resources, such as fish in coastal towns or grains in farming towns, as well as with cultural and religious customs and taboos. In some cases, the crops and domestic animals that characterize a traditional diet have been replaced by modern high-yield crops, and are no longer available. The slow food movement attempts to counter this trend and to preserve traditional diets. Some cultures and religions have restrictions concerning what foods are acceptable in their diet. For example, only Kosher foods are permitted by Judaism, and Halal foods by Islam. Many individuals choose to limit what foods they eat for reasons of health, morality, environmental impact, or other factors. Additionally, many people choose to forgo food from animal sources to varying degrees; see vegetarianism, veganism, fruitarianism, living foods diet, and raw foodism. Properly planned vegetarian and vegan diets have been found to completely satisfy nutritional needs in every stage of life, and significantly reduce risks of major diseases. A particular diet may be chosen to seek weight gain, weight loss, sports training, cardio-vascular health, avoidance of cancers, food allergies, and for other reasons. Changing a subjects dietary intake, or going on a diet, can change the energy balance and increase or decrease the amount of fat stored by the body. Some foods are specifically recommended, or even altered, for conformity to the requirements of a particular diet. (After Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia)
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 Vocabulary
additionally = n plus although = cu toate c, dei, n ciuda faptului c attempt to (v.) = a ncerca s availability = disponibilitate avoidance = evitare coastal town = ora de coast counter a trend (v.) = a contracara o tendin crop = cultur, recolt custom = obicei (cu caracter general), tradiie dietary choice = alegere / opiune culinar dietary habit = obicei culinar environmental impact = impact asupra mediului farming town = ora agricol fat = grsime forgo (v.) = a renuna, a se abine / reine fruitarianism = hrnitul exclusiv cu fructe fuel = carburant, combustibil go on a diet (v.) = a se apuca de o diet grains = cereale healthy = sntos (sntoas) high-yield crop = cultur productiv hold a food preference (v.) = a avea o preferin culinar intake = cantitate consumat zilnic living foods diet = diet bazat exclusive pe alimente negtite more or less = mai mult sau mai puin native population = populaia btina no longer = nu mai play a role in (v.) = a juca un rol n preserve (v.) = a conserva, a pstra proper nutrition = nutriie corespunztoare raw foodism = hrnitul exclusive cu alimente crude require (v.) = a cere, a necesita slow food movement = current opus fast-food-ului vary with (v.) = a varia n funcie de veganism = evitarea oricrui produs animal weight gain = ctig n greutate weight loss = pierdere de greutate
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 Exercises
1. True or false?
Statement True False

Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat and beverages to drink. Each culture holds some food preferences and some food taboos. Only Kosher foods are permitted by Islam. The diet is the sum of food consumed by a person. 2. Match the following types of diets with their definitions. 1. fruitarianism 2. lacto-ovo-vegetarianism a. a form of veganism that is limited to eating the ripe fruits of plants b. a form of vegetarianism which excludes beef, pork, poultry, fish, shellfish or animal flesh of any kind, but includes dairy and egg products c. a form of vegetarianism which includes dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, cream, and kefir but excludes eggs d. a lifestyle promoting the consumption of uncooked, unprocessed, and often organic foods as a large percentage of the diet e. a lifestyle that seeks to exclude the use of animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose f. raw foodism g. the practice of a diet that excludes all animal, including poultry, game, fish, shellfish or crustaceans, and slaughter by-products

3. lacto vegetarianism

4. raw foodism

5. rawism 6. veganism 7. vegetarianism

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3. Group the following words related to the manner in which a person eats, as in the model. be a glutton be greedy devour diet eat a little eat a lot eat before others eat early eat fast eat like a pig eat more than your share eat too much gluttony go on a diet gobble inhale nibble pig out sample snack taste test wolf down
Words referring to eating a little eating a lot eating before others eating fast eating more than your share tasting a little food to see if it tastes good

diet 4. Fill in the blanks with the adjectives below. cardiovascular chronic common good health-threatening human injurious metabolic necessary safe Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is provision, to cells and organisms, of the materials (in the form of food) to support life. Many health problems can be prevented or alleviated with nutrition. The diet of an organism refers to what it eats. Dieticians are health professionals who specialize in nutrition, meal planning, economics, preparation, and so on. They are trained to provide , evidence-based dietary advice and management to individuals (in health and disease), as well as to institutions. Poor diet can have an impact on health, causing deficiency diseases such as scurvy, beriberi, and kwashiorkor; conditions like obesity and syndrome, and such common systemic diseases as disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. 5. Make sentences of your own with the following. dietary of or relating to diet dietetic of or relating to diet or its regulation

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dietetics the study of nutrition as it relates to health 6. Correct the following text, keeping in mind that there is one mistake in each line. A study published in the british medical journal The Lancet demonstrated that those who had been good-fed soon after they were born earned almost 50% much in average salary than those who had not. The study was performed by giving a highly-nutrition supplement to some infants and a lowers-nutrition supplement to others, with only the researchers knowing wich infants received which supplements. The infants that received the high-nutrition supplement had higgher averages salaries, proving that infant nutrition affects cognitive development independents of other factors such as class or parental income. 7. Identify the adjectives in the text below, and then give their comparative and superlative, according to the model. If there are adjectives that do not have all these forms, explain why.
Short adjectives
positive comparative superlative positive

Long adjectives
comparative superlative

An eating disorder is a compulsion to eat, or avoid eating, that negatively affects both ones physical and mental health. Eating disorders are all encompassing. They affect every small part of the persons life. According to the authors of Surviving an Eating Disorder, good or bad feelings about work, school, relationships, day-to-day activities and ones experience of emotional well being are determined by what has or has not been eaten or by a number on a scale. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most common eating disorders generally recognized by medical classification schemes, with a significant diagnostic overlap between the two. Together, they affect an estimated 5-7% of females in the United States during their lifetimes. There is a third type of eating disorder currently being investigated and defined - Binge Eating Disorder. This is a chronic condition that occurs when a certain individual consumes huge amounts of food during a short period of time and feels totally out of control and unable to stop their eating. It can lead to serious

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health conditions such as morbid obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. 8. Ask questions to which the underlined words are the answers. If anyone has perfected low-fat cuisine, its the Japanese. Japanese cuisine highlights rice and vegetables and relies on food preparation methods that require little or no fat or oil. Because of this, most of the fat you eat comes directly from the food you choose. Typically, portions are smaller too. Thai food is a wonderful blend of fresh and spicy. It tends to be light on fats, meats and sauces and relies more on vegetables, noodles and rice. Its no mystery why it has become so popular. Chinese food is one of the most popular and healthy ethnic cuisines, but it can be high in sodium. Main dish portions are often quite large, so try ordering fewer entrees than you have dinner companions. Then divide and devour! 9. Make use of the expressions below when answering the questions. As I see it From my point of view I am absolutely convinced that I am in favour of I am totally opposed to In my opinion It seems to me that On balance, Id say that Speaking personally The point is (that) Do you need a doctors advice when starting a diet? Do you think that going on a diet is a healthy thing to do? Have you ever been on a diet? Is being over-weight dangerous? Is being underweight dangerous too? What should you keep in mind when choosing a diet? Why do people go on diets?

Lets Laugh!
After my husband asked me to help him shed some unwanted pounds, I stopped serving fattening TV snacks and substituted crisp celery. While he was unenthusiastically munching on a stalk one night, a commercial caught his attention. As he watched longingly, a woman spread gooey chocolate frosting over a freshly baked cake.

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When it was over, my husband turned to me. Did you ever notice, he asked, that they never advertise celery on TV?

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