CHAP'IXR 1

Properties of fluids

l.l(b)

S h e a r stress,

= c1

du (Newton's law of dY

viscosity)

.'. Dynamic
TI-

viscosity, p

T I -du dY

du is t h e g r a d i e n t o f t h e p l o t du T versus A p l o t of dY dY t h e g i v e nd a t as u g g e s t s t h e f l u i d is Newtonianand its v i s c o s i t y( g r a d i e n to f

t h e plot) = 5 Ns/ma.

-.

1.2

F o r c eF ,n , eeded

t o move t h es l e e v e

= shear

r e s i s t a n c e . b e t w e e ns l e e v ea n ds h a f t
= T
X

area of c o n t a c t

dY radia cl earance t o be l i n e a r w i t h t

v.- du -

Of

'leeve9

',

assuming t h e v e l o c i t y

V ITDL; .'. F = c c . t

Hence

F1 = -: v1 v2

F1 = 250N

V1 = 0 . 5 m l s
F 2 = 1000N

... V2
From F

= 0.5 =

1000 2 m/s 250 = -

V F t - 2 5 0 X 0 . 0 7 5 X 10-3 cc ITDL, cc = - t ITDLV IT X 0 . 3 X 0 . 1 X 0 . 5

= 0.4 Ns/m2

1.3

D = 100

m m ,

L = 150

m m ,

0 . 2 mm ( s e e f i g . 1 . 2 )

A n g u l a r speed of s h a f t , W = 1 2 0 r a d l s U D 0 1 T a n g e n t i a l v e l o c i t y of t h e s h a f t , V = - = 1 2 0 X A 2 2
=

cc

0 . 2 0 kglms.

6 mls
-1 6 5 0.2~10-~

... v e l o c i t y g r a d i e n t .'. s h e a r stress, T =

H e n c es h e a rr e s i s t a n c e c o n t a c t = 6 X 103 X

V across c l e a r a n c e = -

v.- V t

= 0.2 X

. 6 0. 2 x 1 ~ - 3

= = T X

6 X 103 N/m2

t o rotation, F
IT X

area of

0.1
= =

0.15 = 283 N
= 283 X
=
A

.'. T o r q u e
.*. Power

on t h e s h a f t , T
loss i n b e a r i n g

D 2

0 1 = 1 4 . 1 5 Nm 2
X

T.u

14.15

1 2 0 = 1696 W
= 1.7 k W

1.4 Viscosity

of o i l cc
=

2 . 3 X 10-3 N s / m 2

Mass of t h e block

3 0 kg

G r a v i t yc o m p o n e n ta i d i n gm o t i o n ,

F = 30

9.81 s i n 3 0

= 147.15 N

Frictionalresistancebetweentheblockandinclined plane,
R = Fluidshear
= T X

area o f c o n t a c t
0.3
X

. X~

0.3 where V is t h e

s p e e d of t h e b l o c k .

.'. B a l a n c i n g

forces, 147.15 = 2.3

10-3

V X 0.3 X 0.3

0.03

IO-~

o r V = 21.3 mls

1.5

Water
9 = 0 f o r water

Mefcury
9 = 130 f m oe rrcury
U =
U

d = 6

m m ,

s u r f a c et e n s i o n , and

73

10-3 N/m f o r water

= 0.5 N l m f o r mercury = w e i g h t of t h e

Vertical c o m p o n e n to fs u r f a c et e n s i o n

f l u i d raised or depressed

i . e . .rrducos9 = .rrda X h X p g 4 p beingthedensityoffluid

.*.h

= 4ucose = 4.9 mm f o r water a n d -1.9

pgd

mm f o r m e r c u r y .

1.6

6
Internalpressure
for equilibrium.

is t o be b a l a n c e d b y s u r f a c e t e n s i o n

. p4 nd2 .. =

ndu across t h e s e c t i o n .