C/A test 120511 (notes)

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1.

____ from cellulose is not digestible by mammals w/out the help of microorganisms in the rumen or in the cecum of monogastrics ____ the 11th amino acid, is also essential in cats although it is not synthesized in cats, so must be added to food to prevent cardiomyopathy. _____ cannot convert beta-carotene from plants into _____ like other animals can _______ controlled by releasing and inhibiting factors from hypothalamus. _______ stores antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin from hypothalamus which also controls release from storage. ________ eventually causes rightsided congestive heart failure. _________ is due to pathology of the ____ AV valve, _____ ventricle or both ______, _____ diets are indicated in animals with pancreatitis. a cat's diet can be important in controlling ____ intake and in maintaining a health urine pH AAFCO food nutrient profile indicates a ______ adenohypophysis looks _____, produces ______, and is controlled by _____ and ______.

fiber

17.

clinical signs of chocolate toxicity are:

excitement, nervousness, increased thirst, vomiting, diuresis, ataxia, diarrhea, may develop seizures and eventually coma and death pu/pd, abdominal distention, muscular weakness, dermatologic changes, reproductive problems vomiting, anorexia, weakness/depression, collapse, shaking/shivering cough, dyspnea, orthopnea

2.

taurine

18.

clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism clinical signs of hypoadrecocorticism clinical signs of leftsided congestive heart failure include: clinical signs of rightsided congestive heart failure? congestive heart failure is treated with ______ to pull fluid from the lungs. congestive heart failure thoracic radiographs reveal _______ and ______ dangerous plant: rhododendrons and azaleas can affect what animals define afterload define cardiomyopathy define hypertrophic cardiomyopathy define preload define saddle thrombus dilated or dilatory cardiomyopathy has been linked to low ______ levels in the diet. emesis (vomiting) is contraindicated with _____ because of ______ endocrine glands are _______ and ______.

19.

3.

cats, vitamin A
20.

4.

anterior pituitary
21.

hepatic enlargement, pleural effusion, and ascites diuretics

5.

posterior pituitary
22.

6.

heartworm disease
23.

pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly

7.

right-sided failure, right, right low fat, highly digestible mineral (ash)
25.

8.

24.

horses and ruminants

9.

force used after the heart pumps a disease of the heart muscle thickening of the myocardium, usually show no signs, sudden death amount of blood that flows into the heart that makes it pump hind limb paresis and pain secondary to blood clots taurine

10.

lab analysis for minimal chemical content glandular, seven hormones, hypothalamus, negative feedback from target organs adenohypophysis 70% blood clotting, cardiac rhythm, and enzyme activation protein protein, phosphorus, sodium chloride

26.

27.

11.

28.

12. 13.

anterior (rostral) portion is the calcium and phosphorus make up _____ of minerals in the body calcium functions in __________

29.

30.

14.

31.

15.

cats have twice the _____ requirement of dogs chronic renal failure is common in older dogs and cats, therefore it is best to restrict ______, ____, and ______ in the diet.

corrosive materials, reexposure of the esophagus to the damaging material modified neurons, ductless

16.

32.

33.

ethylene glycol's most common source is? what does toxicity cause? fats (lipids) aid in absorption of fat soluble vitamins _________ fatty acids are also classifed based on the number and position of: feline diets should include ___________ for oral injestion of a toxin, emesis (vomiting) is only for what types of animals? for oral injestion of toxin, do not induce vomiting if _______ FSH and LH are called ______. give examples of pesticides hormones are mostly controlled by ______ how do dangerous plants containing calcium oxalate affect animals? how does prolactin work and what does it do? hyperadrenocorticism can be caused by _____ or _____. hyperadrenocorticism is also known as hyperthyroidism is very rare in _____, but common in _____. hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy is best diagnosed though ______

antifreeze, causes renal tubular necrosis and calcium oxalate crystals in the tubular lumen A, D, E, K

48.

hypoadrenocorticism is also known as hypoadrenocorticism is often called the hypophysis refers to the _______ hypothyroidism is very rare in ______, but common in _____. if an animal w/ diabetes mellitus is not eating, _____ should not be administered, so that _____ is not induced. ingredient labels must be listed in ______ lead causes damage to the: lead Tx not successful if severe, but if caught early enough can treat with _____ lipids-the number of hydrogens per carbon atom, classify fats as: list B vitamins: (be able to recognize)

addison's disease great pretender pituitary cats, dogs

49.

34.

50.

51.

35.

double bonds between carbon atoms, omega-6 and omega-3

52.

insulin, hypoglycemia

36.

taurine and vitamin A

37.

dogs, cats, pigs, and ferrets.

53.

descending order by weight brain, kidneys, liver, reproductive system, bone marrrow, etc. Ca ECTA and thiamine twice daily for 3 days

54.

38.

animal has history of epilepsy, has cardiovascular abnormalities, or has had recent abdominal surgery gonadotropin fly bait, snail/slug bait, gopher/mole bait, rat/mouse bait negative feedback system calcium oxalate crystals are released into the mouth when chewing, causes oropharyngeal edema, can cause life-threatening swelling production and release continue as long as the teat or nipple continues to be stimulated, helps trigger and maintain lactation excessive production of ACTH by the pituitary, a tumor of the adrenal gland cushings syndrome

55.

39.

56.

40.

saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated B-1 (thiamin), B-2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B-5 (pantothenic acid), B-6 (pyridoxine), B-12 (cobalamin), biotin, choline, folic acid, inositol, PABA (paraaminobenzoic acid) 10%, 20%

41.

57.

42.

58.

43.

loss of ____ total body water content causes serious distress, and ____ loss will cause death microminerals include: name one growth hormone (GH). neurohypophysis looks like _______, develops in the ______, and stores ______. phosphorous is a component of ________ posterior (caudal) portion is the

44.

59.

iron, manganese, copper, iodine, selenium, and zinc somatotropin nervous tissue microscopically, nervous system, hormones transported along nerve fibers to posterior portion RBC, muscle and nerve tissue

60.

45.

61.

46.

dogs, cats

47.

ultrasound (echocardiogram)

62.

63.

neurohypophysis

64.

some animals w/ diabetes mellitus may be managed with ______ and ____. the AAFCO Animal Feeding Test statement indicates _____________

hypoglycemic medications, diet that a representative product has been tested in feeding trials on live animals sugars, starches, and fibers aspirin

76.

65.

toxic household item: cigarettes and other nicotine products can cause _______ toxic household item: ice or snow melts can cause _____ toxic household item: mothballs can cause ____ toxic household item: pennies is made of _____ and can cause ______ vomiting of oral toxins is contraindicated w/ hydrocarbons like _________ water soluble vitamins _____ and ____ play a vital role in formation of red blood cells what affect can gopher/mole bait have? what are some examples of dangerous plants containing calcium oxalate? what are some examples of dangerous plants containing glycoside? what are some examples of household cleaners that are acid corrosive agents? what are some examples of household cleaners that are alkali corrosive agents? what are some examples of toxic plants? what are some substances not absorbed by activated charcoal? what are the clinical signs of cyanide toxicity? what are the clinical signs of dilated cardiomyopathy?

twitching, muscle weakness, tachycardia, coma, and death

77.

hypernatremia (increased sodium in the blood) RBC destruction and malfunction or affects the liver, CNS zinc, intravascular hemolysis

78.

66.

the classification of carbohydrates includes: the medication _____ can be used in cats and dogs, but must be especially cautious in cats. the medication _____ causes methemoglobinemia and hepatotoxcity if overdosed in dogs and cats should not take at all the medication _____ contains phenylalkanoic acid and in higher doses can cause renal damage, very high doses causes CNS effects the medication calcipotriene is a vitamin ___ derivative and is a topical ointment used to treat ______ the pituitary gland is also known as the

79.

67.

80.

gasoline, oil, propane

68.

acetaminophen

81.

B complex, C

69.

Ibuprofen

82.

causes respiratory distress calla lily, elephant ears, motherin-law's tongue, peace lily, pathos, etc. oleander, lily-of-the-valley, foxglove toilet bowl cleaners, drain openers, pool sanitizers, battery fluids, etc. drain openers, oven cleaners, bleaches (contain 5% sodium hypochlorite), denture cleaners, dishwasher detergents, etc. poinsettia, mistletoe, english holly, japanese yew, and marijuana ethanol, methanol, fertilizer, fluoride, petroleum, distillates, iodides, nitrates, sodium chloride, and chlorate dyspnea, tachycardis, bright red mucous membranes lethargy, anorexia, pleural effusion, saddle thrombus

70.

D, psoriasis
83.

71.

master endocrine gland antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin, hypothalamus 1:1 to 2:1

84.

72.

the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores the _____ and _____ transported down nerve fibers from the _____. the ratio of calcium and phosphorous in the diet is critical-it varies by species-ratio is ___ to ____ there are ____ amino acids necessary for synthesis of new proteins, there are ___ essential amino acids that must be supplemented in the diet and ____ are synthesized by the body. there are more than ____ minerals that are essential for animals. macrominerals include

85.

73.

86.

74.

22, 10, 12

87.

75.

18; calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and sulphur

88.

89.

90.

91.

what are the general signs of congestive heart failure? what can premixed enemas cause? what dangerous plant causes renal failure in cats w/in 24-72 hours of ingestion? what dangerous plant is a food to humans but causes kidney failure in some dogs? what dangerous plant is used to make jewelry? what decreases the work load of the heart? what do endocrine glands do what does AAFCO stand for and what do they do? what does activated charcoal do? what does cathartics do and when is it not given? what does deficiency of antidiuretic hormone cause? what does luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate?

tachycardia and cardiomegaly

105.

what does the anterior pituitary produce?

92.

electrolyte imbalances and acidbase imbalances in small animals, especially cats (DSS is fairly safe) easter lily, day lilies, etc.
106.

growth hormone, prolactin, thyroidstimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, folliclestimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone emesis, gastric lavage, and activated charcoal; give ethanol or 4methylpyrozole (4-methylpyrozole doesn't work in cats) 3% hydrogen peroxide-1 tsp/5 lbs, not to exceed 3 Tbsp, works by irritating the gastric mucosa to cause vomiting w/in 15-20 mins. may repeat once xylazine

93.

what does Tx of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) include? what emetic agent can be used and how does it work? what emetic is most often used in cats? what fresh, dried, or powdered additives in human food causes hemolysis in animals? what happens w/ rat/mouse bait and what do you treat with? what is ACTH and what does it do?

107.

94.

grapes and raisins

108.

95.

castor bean
109.

onions and garlic

96.

vasodilators

97.

regulate body function to maintain homeostasis association of american feed control, designate labeling and ingredient description terms in the US

110.

98.

compete w/ vitamin epoxide reductase so the vitamin K cannot be recycled, causing hemorrhage, treat w/ emesis, if caught early, blood transfusionm, vitamin K administration adrenocorticotropic hormone, stimulates growth and development of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its hormone release antidiuretic hormone, helps prevent diuresis by reabsorbing water from the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts concentrating urine B-1 thiamin, B-12 cobalamin bathe w/ mild handwashing soap or noninsecticidal shampoo-watch for skin damage do not induce vomiting, treat w/ oral dilution of water or milk irrigate w/ saline for 20-30 mins and watch for corneal ulcerations

111. 99.

absorbs toxin to help it to be eliminated in feces increase clearance of intestinal contents, can be added to activated charcoal, don't give to animals w/ dehydration or diarrhea diabetes insipidus, causing animals to become pu/pd interstitial cells in the testes to develop and produce testosterone in the male-sometimes called interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) milk let down, contraction of the myometrium at breeding and parturition-to move sperm up to oviducts and to expel fetus uterus and mammary glands

100.

112.

what is ADH and what does it do?

101.

113.

what is B-1 and B12? what is first aid for dermal exposure of corrosive agents? what is first aid for ingestion of corrosive agents? what is first aid for recent ocular exposure of corrosive agents? what is FSH? what is it named for and what does it do?

102.

114.

115. 103.

what does oxytocin cause?

116.

104.

what does oxytocin target?

117.

follicle-stimulating hormone, its effect in the female, stimulates spermatogenesis (sperm production)

118.

what is LH? what is it named for and what does it do? what is MSH and what does it do?

luteinizing hormone, its effect in the female, an increase causes ovulation in most species melanocyte-stimulating hormone, associated w/ color changes in the pigment cells of reptiles, fish, and amphibian who can change quickly; can cause darkening in other animals when administered in high levels murmur

119.

120.

what is often auscultated during congestive heart failure because of leakage of blood backward through the valve? what is the compound responsible for the toxicity in chocolate? what is the emetic of choice for use in dogs? what is the most common cause of left-sided congestive heart failure? what is the most important nutrient for any animal? what is TSH and give one example? what is used to treat cyanide toxicity? what is used to treat for organophosphate toxicity? what treatment is used for toxin poisoning?

121.

theobromine apomorphine hydrochloride-injection or tablet/capsule for conjunctival use mitral infufficiency due to fibrosis of the valve water thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotropic hormone sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate-activated charcoal is not effective atropine, sometimes given w/ pralidoxime chloride treat the pt. not the poison, stabilize vital functions before trying to counteract toxin

122. 123.

124.

125. 126. 127.

128.