Circular Beam

Design of Circular Beams
The Islamic University of Gaza

Department of Civil Engineering
Design of Special Reinforced Concrete Structures
ENGC 6353 Dr. Mohammed Arafa 1
Circular Beams
They are most frequently used in circular
reservoirs, spherical dome, curved balconies
etc.
Circular beams loaded and supported loads
normal to their plans.
The center of gravity of loads does not coincide
with the centerline axis of the member.
Circular Beams
Circular beam are subjected to torsional
moments in addition to shear and bending
moment
The torsional moment causes overturning of the
beams unless the end supported of the beams
are properly restrained.
Semi-circular beam simply supported on three
equally spaced supports
Supports Reactions
Let
R
A
= R
B
= V
1
R
B
= V
2
Taking the moment of the reaction about the line
passing through B and parallel to AC
( )
1
1
0
2
2
2
2
M
R
V R wR R
WR
V
=
| |
=
|
\ .
=
( )
2
2
0
2 2
2
2
y
F
WR
V wR
V Rw

=
=
=

Taking the bending moment at point P at angle
from the support say, C equal:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
2 2
2 2
sin / 2
sin sin / 2
/ 2
2 sin 2 sin / 2
2
2
sin 2sin / 2
2
R
M V R wR
wR
M R wR
M wR

| |
=
|
\ .
=
(
=
(

Maximum negative moment occurs at point B
max.
2
( )
2
0.429
ve B
B
M M at
M wR
= =
=
Maximum Positive moment
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
max
. ( 0)
2
cos 2sin / 2 cos / 2 0
2
2
tan 29 43'
2
0.1514
ve
dM
Max M where
d
dM
wR
d
M wR

+
= =
(
= =
(

= =
=

Torsional Moment at point P
( )
( )
( )
1
2
2
max.
sin / 2
cos cos / 2
/ 2
2 2
cos sin
2 2
dT
Thesection of max. torsion 0
d
dT
0 59 26'
d
0.1042
R
T V R R wR R
T wR
at
T wR
(
=
(

(
| | | |
= +
| |
(
\ . \ .

=
= =
=

Circular beams loaded uniformly and supported on
symmetrically placed columns
A
B

Consider portion AB of beam between two
consecutive columns A and B be
The load on portion AB of beam =wR
The center of gravity of the load will lie at a
distance from the center
Let M
0
be the bending moment and V
0
be the
shear at the supports
R sin( /2) ( /2)
From geometry
The moment M
0
at the support can be resolved
along the line AB and at right angle to it. The
component along line AB is and
at right angle of it.
Taking the moment of all forces about line AB
0
/ 2 V wR =
0
M sin( /2)
0
M cos( /2)
Taking the moment of all forces about line AB
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0
2
0
2
0
sin / 2
2 sin / 2 cos / 2
/ 2
sin / 2 cos / 2
2sin / 2 / 2 2sin / 2
1 cot / 2
2
R
M wR R
M wR
M wR

(
=
(

(
=
(

(
=
(

Shear force and bending moment at point P, at
angle from the support
2 2
P
wR
V wR wR

| |
= =
|
\ .
Load between points A and P is wR
Shearing force at point P
The direction of vector representing bending moment at
point P will act along line PO
Shear force and bending moment at point P
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0 0
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2
sin / 2
sin cos sin / 2
/ 2
sin 1 cot / 2 cos 2 sin / 2
2 2
sin cos cot / 2 cos 2sin / 2
2 2
since cos 2sin / 2 1
1 sin cot / 2 cos
2 2
R
M V R M wR
wR
M wR wR
M wR
M wR

=
(
=
(

(
= +
(

+ =
(
= + +
(

The direction of vector representing torsion at point P will
act at right angle to line PO
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
sin / 2
sin cos cos / 2
2 / 2
since cos 1 cos 2 sin / 2
2
1 cot / 2 sin sin / 2 1 sin / 2 cos / 2
2
21
1 cot / 2 sin sin / 2 1 sin
2 2
R
wR
T M R R wR R
R R R R
T wR wR wR
T wR wR wR
| |
= +
|
\ .
= =
| |
| |
= +
| |
\ .
\ .
|
| |
= +
|
\ .
\
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
sin cot / 2 sin sin / 2 sin
2
cot / 2 sin sin / 2
2
since2sin / 2 1 cos
cos sin cot / 2 sin
2 2 2
T wR
T wR
T wR

|
|
.
(
= +
(

(
=
(

=
(
= +
(

To obtain maximum value of torsional moment
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0
2
2
sin / 2
sin cos cos / 2
2 / 2
1 sin sin cot / 2 cos 0
2 2
1 sin sin cot / 2 cos 0
2 2
R
wR
M R R wR R
dT
wR
d
M wR

| |
= +
|
\ .
(
= =
(

(
= =
(

0
dT
d
=
i.e. point of maximum torsion will be point of zero moment
Internal Forces in Circular beams Using polar
coordinate
A
B
P
as r=constant
dV
w ds rd
ds
dV
wr
ds
dM dT
V
ds dr
dT T
dr r
dM T
V
ds r
dM
T Vr
d
= =
=
+ =
=
+ =
+ =
coordinate
The component of the moment M along ds in the radial
direction must be equal to the difference of the torsional
moments along the same element
Mds
dT Md
r
dT
M
d
= =
=
This means that the torsional moment is maximum at
point of zero bending moment
coordinate
Differentiating the equation
The solution of this deferential equation gives
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
d Vr
d M dT dV
r r w
d d d d
d M
M wr
d

+ = = =
+ =
dM
T Vr
d
+ =
2
sin cos M A B wr = +
coordinate
The constants can be determined from conditions at
supports
The internal forces are in this manner statically
indeterminate. In many cases, they can be determined
from the conditions of equilibrium alone because the
statically indeterminate values are either known or equal
to zero.
2
sin cos M A B wr = +
symmetrically n placed columns
The bending moment and shearing force V at any
section at an angle from the centerline between two
successive supports are given by:
0 0
2
2
2
n n
rw rw
R V
n n

= =
= =
2
0
2
0
cos
1
sin
sin
sin
M r w
n
T r w
n
V rw

| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
=
symmetrically n placed columns
#of Supports R V K K` K``
Angle
for Max
Torsion
4 P/4 P/8 90 0.137 0.07 0.021 19 21
5 P/5 P/10 72 0.108 0.054 0.014 15 45
6 P/6 P/12 60 0.089 0.045 0.009 12 44
7 P/7 P/14 51 3/7 0.077 0.037 0.007 10 45
8 P/8 P/16 45 0.066 0.030 0.005 9 33
9 P/9 P/18 40 0.060 0.027 0.004 8 30
10 P/10 P/20 36 0.054 0.023 0.003 7 30
12 P/12 P/24 30 0.045 0.017 0.002 6 21
2
support
` 2
Midspan
`` 2
max
2 P rw
M KwR
M K wR
T K wR
=
=
=
=
O
M
max(+ve)
T
max
T
max
M
max(-ve)
V
M
max(-ve)
V
max
`
/2

Circular Beam

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Design of Circular Beams

The Islamic University of Gaza

Semi-circular beam simply supported on three

Semi-circular beam simply supported on three

ENGC 6353 Dr. Mohammed Arafa 9

ENGC 6353 Dr. Mohammed Arafa 10

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