Seth Webb WRD 104 Kate Flom May 2nd, 2013 Annotated Bibliography Doherty E.

, J Robertson, K Green, K Fothergill, M Ensminger. "A Longitudinal Study of Substance Use and Violent Victimization In Adulthood Among A Cohort Of Urban African Americans." Addiction 107.2 (2012): 339-348. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Apr. 2013. This source shows that throughout time, cohorts of African American young adults have been exposed to violence and other crimes such as substance distribution and use. The subjects raged in age from 6 to 42 years old. The cohort lived in the urban, disadvantaged Woodlawn neighborhood of Chicago. Woodlawn is a crime filled neighborhood on Chicagos aouthside. The information that this article provides are first hand experiences of what it is like to live in a high crime area. This reference focuses on a large age demographic. I think it is very important to know what age people are when they become exposed to such violence and crime. Most of the time, in neighborhoods such as Woodlawn, the exposure to violent crime happens at a very young age. This article focuses heavily on the age of the participants and what types of crimes they are exposed to. This article will let me understand how it feels to live in a high crime area. That way Ill be able to get a real sense of what its like living such areas, which I will then translate into my writing.

Feldmann, Linda. "Gun Control Alone isn't enough to Halt Violence, Obama says in Chicago." Christian Science Monitor 15 Feb. 2013: n.pag Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 May 2013. This article is about President Barack Obamas views regarding gun violence in Chicago. Obama believes that the problems we face when it comes to guns are not only answered by gun control but also Obama links the cycles of violence to the lack of strong role models and economic opportunity. This article will provide a very enlightened view about gun control in Chicago. Not only is Barack Obama the president of the United States be he was also the state legislator for one of the more violent areas in the city. He has a more in depth opinion than every other official that has brought this case up. His different views regarding gun violence will bring other ideas to me while writing my paper. I will be able to use this abstract view to develop other affective ideas of stopping gun violence. Guarino, Mark. "Why is Chicago Struggling with Gun Violence? N.Y. Might Have Answers." Christian Science Monitor 02 Feb. 2013: n.pag. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Apr. 2013. This article was written about Chicagos gun violence and what officials can do to stop it. It takes another major metropolitan area, New York, and shows how official there have put a cease to a large number of gun related crimes. At first glance, it may appear like Chicago is doing many things right in its fight against gun violence, but then why arent we getting any results? We need to place are emphasis on stopping gun violence in different areas. Chicago police do a great job but its time for a change at the top. Whatever they were being ordered to do is no longer working. Some of that fault has to fall on the Mayor, Rahm Emanuel.

In this article, Guarino talks about the different tactics on how to stop gun violence in Chicago. I think that comparing Chicago to New York will be very useful for my research paper. If New York can keep gun violence to a minimum, then so can we. I think its good to explain the struggle that is taking place within the Chicago Police Department. They know that what they are doing is no longer useful but they cant change unless they get ordered to do so form the man in control, Rahm Emanuel. It appears that Emanuel may seem to have a grasp on everything but in reality he doesnt. Horton, Arthur. "Violent Crimes And Racial Profiling: What The Evidence Suggests." Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment 6.4 (2002): 87. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 May 2013. In this article, Arthur Horton writes about the role of race and racial profiling in violent crimes. Horton believes that racial profiling in violent crimes is a criminal justice and mental health issue. The data analyzed is from Chicago. Chicago is used because of its recent history of being challenged by violent crimes. Results indicate that the identified violent crimes in terms of prevalence are not endemic to a racial or ethnic group, given this sample. Apparently, the over representation of African Americans in prisons may be in part the results of biases in the criminal justice system. Recently, the state of Illinois and Cook County have been forced to reform judicial proceedings. Schewe P., C Bell, L Bennett, P Goldstein, R Gordon, M Mattaini, P OBrien , S Riger, H Risser, D Rosenbaum, A Schuck, B Simmons, S Ullman. "University Of Illinois At Chicagos Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Violence: Changing Systems to Prevent Violence in Chicago and beyond." Violence against Women 17.9 (2011): 11761193. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 May 2013.

The University of Illinois at Chicago Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Violence writes about the innovativeness of proposed research projects that support interdisciplinary activity and show promise for funding. Over time, the center has developed an infrastructure to address violence-related issues. This article discusses the challenges of implementation and boundary spanning in a university context and makes recommendations for sustainability. This article will be useful in the sense that it is about other college students in Chicago and their ideas about how to put a cease to violence in the city. I will be able to use ideas found in this text and implement them into my research paper. Also, this text will act as a launching pad for others ideas I may come up with on my own in order to stop violence in Chicago. Schreck, Christopher J., Jean Marie McGloin, and David S. Kirk. "On the Origins of the Violent Neighborhood: A Study of the Nature and Predictors of Crime-Type Differentiation across Chicago Neighborhoods." JQ: Justice Quarterly 26.4 (2009): 771-794. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 May 2013. The authors of this source focus in on the neighborhood element of Chicago and how the different neighborhoods plays a role in crime. The authors have developed different theories as to why Chicago has such a high violent crime rate. They believe that Chicagos neighborhood system has just about everything to do with the many crimes that take place in the city. Also, because Chicago is such an urban space, they see crime being rather unavoidable. Another reason for violent crime that the authors bring up is street narcotic sales. There are major drug wars going on within the city. Drugs tend to filter into the poor neighborhoods where it becomes a way of life for the people that live there.

Voisin D., J Bird, M Hardestry, S Cheng Shi. "African American Adolescents Living and Coping with Community Violence on Chicagos Southside." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26.12 (2011): 2483-2498. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Apr. 2013. This article provides information on a study that aimed to solicit recent information on the nature and types of community violence exposure experienced by African American adolescents residing within a high-violence Chicago neighborhood, explore approaches to coping with community violence, and explore whether such approaches were gendered. The study selected 32 African American adolescents, both boys and girls, ranging from ages 14-17. The participants were selected form a South Side Chicago neighborhood that has high crime rates. The article will provide me with many statistics and other useful information that I will use on order to create a well-developed paper. I will focus on the firsthand accounts that the source gives, in order to get a sense of the different types of community based violence that take place in the city of Chicago. It is important to know what these kids have to experience on a daily basis considering high crime. The in depth interviews not only tell of the experiences but also the coping styles that these adolescents use. I will use the information and statistics given to create a visual of what its like to live in these crime-infested neighborhoods. Webster D., J Whitehill, J Vernick, F Curriero. "Effects of Baltimore's Safe Streets Program on Gun Violence: A Replication of Chicago's Ceasefire Program." Journal of Urban Health 90.1 (2013): 27-40. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 May 2013. This article is about the Ceasefire Program in Chicago and how Baltimore has used the same idea to put a halt to gun violence on their streets. The results of the program have had a strikingly higher effect in Baltimore than in Chicago, as the Chicago today still faces many issues regarding guns on the streets.

Although this article focuses more on the Baltimore Ceasefire Program, it still will provide useful information for my research topic. It will allow me to explain what the Chicago Ceasefire program is, in extended detail and it will provide me with information regarding the history of gun violence in Chicago and Baltimore. With this information I will be able to compare the two cities as well as New York (from an earlier source), and see why other cities besides Chicago have been able to put a stop to the majority of their violent crimes regarding guns.