Ben Choe and Alan Wilkins Miller AP Chemistry P.

.5 6/7/13 Final Lab Demo Title: Water to Wine to Milk to Beer Demo *This lab is not actually creating these liquids, however they physical and visual aspects of the solutions created resemble that of the liquids stated. Proposal: (Proposal attached to Unknown Solid lab report however here it is restated) This lab will demonstrate several key components that were mentioned in the AP Chemistry curriculum throughout this year. Through the use of several common solutions and solids, as well as an indicator, this demonstration will show a cool color/physical change through a series of additions to the beginning solution, which is Sodium Carbonate. This demo will include four separate glasses, one for water, the next for wine, the next for milk, and the last for beer. In the first glass of water it will have of it filled with distilled water, where 20-25 mL of saturated Sodium Bicarbonate with 20% sodium carbonate solution. This will be a very basic solution with a pH of around 9. In the second wine glass, a few drops of phenolphthalein will be added. In the third milk glass, approximately 10mL of Barium Chloride solution will be added. In the fourth beer mug, a few small crystals of sodium dichromate will be placed into the mug, however right before the experiment 5 mL of Hydrochloric Acid will be added. In the fourth beer. The rest of the lab is extremely simple where the solution of Sodium Carbonate will be added to the next wine glass, then those contents to the milk glass, then lastly those contents to the beer mug. These reactions will create the visual and physical aspects that resemble closely to the prototype that humans have created for the liquids of water, wine, milk, and beer. Visual Aid: Here are several pictures to show the visual effects that each solution and reaction create. These images will show that each chemical reaction does in fact resemble closely to the common conception of water, wine, milk, and beer. 1) Starting Water (Sodium Carbonate).

2) Pour Sodium Carbonate into Wine glass with Phenolphthalein.

3) Pour Wine (Phenolphthalein Sodium Carbonate solution) into Milk glass with 10mL of Barium Chloride solution.

4) Pour Milk (Barium Chloride, Sodium Carbonate, Phenolphthalein solution) into Beer glass with Sodium Dichromate crystals and Hydrochloric acid.

No reaction occurs from the first step. In the second step, the indicator of Phenolphthalein shows that the Sodium Carbonate is a basic solution (pH of 9) when they are mixed. This creates the wine color, to show that the solution is basic, being that it is an indicator. In the third step, when the Sodium Carbonate is mixed with the Barium Chloride solution, thus created a

precipitation reaction, giving the liquid that thick, white, milky solution type physicality and aesthetic. Barium Carbonate is the solid that is formed. In the fourth step, when the precipitate of solid Barium Carbonate and the liquid Sodium Chloride (formed from the reaction in step 3) are mixed with Sodium Dichromate crystals and Hydrochloric acid, the foamy orange solution that resembles beer appears. When the Sodium Dichromate and Hydrochloric acid is mixed to form the salt of Sodium Chloride and Chromic Acid. The Barium Carbonate will react with the Chromic Acid in order to react and form soluble barium ions, water, and carbon dioxide gas, giving the beer that nice foamy look. The white solid would dissolve in this solution, leaving the orange color of beer. Conclusion: This demo was possibly one of the greatest end of the year demonstrations that could have been put on because it had a combination of some of the most important, key concepts that have been learned throughout this year of AP Chemistry. These three reactions all represent a different lesson that has been learned throughout this year. This lab began with the Sodium Bicarbonate mixed with Distilled water and Sodium Carbonate to become a basic solution. When mixed with the Phenolphthalein solution, this would represent the section of the chemistry book that dealt with acidic and basic solution, where an indicator would be used to determine the pH of certain solutions. In this case the Sodium Carbonate had a pH of around 9, thus making the solution into a wine like color, sparking the indicator. In the third step, this would represent the precipitation reactions and the solubility table, where when Sodium Carbonate was mixed with Barium Chloride, the carbonate ions would react with the barium ions in order to create the white milky precipitate of barium carbonate. Another lesson that was learned from this lab was from the transferring of the milk to the beer, where there was hydrochloric acid mixed with the barium carbonate, which would be a combustion reaction making water and carbon dioxide, foaming and creating gas like beer does. This is also an acid base reaction, where the white solid will dissolve, and the solution creates a transparent orange solution that also resembles beer. Overall this experiment dealt with several key components of AP Chemistry including acid base reactions, the solubility rules, pH of solution and indicators, as well as combustion reactions, all necessary for the understanding of this Water to Wine to Milk to Beer experiment.