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On
Informal Marketing
Informal Marketing:
A study on informal entrepreneur in Dhaka city
Project Report
Course code: BUS-498
Submitted to: M. Sayeed Alam Assistant professor, Department of Business Administration, East West University
Letter of Transmittal
April 20, 2013 M. Sayeed Alam Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, East West University
Dear Sir: I am the students of in your section. You gave me a project to submit a report on Informal Marketing. I am very much happy to say you that I have made it for you. During the preparation of this assignment I have learned something extra in practical. I would once again like to express my sense of gratitude towards you for giving us this opportunity, and sincerely hope that this report would give you immense satisfaction. I will always be available to respond to any queries that you may have in this regard.
Acknowledgements
I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to my most honorable teacher, my direct supervisor, M. sayeed Alam, Department of Business Administration, East West University for his mastermind direction, dexterous management, adept analysis, keen interest, optimistic counseling and incessant. It is also a great pleasure for me to offer my deepest gratitude to all of our friends of the class for helping us. I would also like to thank all of respondents for their help and assistance, friendly behavior and earnest co-operation, which enabled us to work in a very congenial and comfortable atmosphere.
Table of content Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 Description Introduction Origin of the report Objectives of the report Research methodology Informal enterprise History Limitation of the study Findings and Analysis Conclusion and recommendation Appendix Reference Questionnaire Page no. 6-9 07 07 07 08 08 09 10-24 25-26 27-28 28
Chapter One
Introduction
1.5 History:
Informal sector was first discovered in the early 1970s. In the literature, the informal sector is referred as black market, shadow economy, illegal economy, corruption, not registered economy.
As this optimism proved to be unfounded, scholars turned to study more closely what was then called the traditional sector. They found that the sector had not only persisted, but in fact expanded to encompass new developments. In accepting that these forms of productions were there to stay, scholars began using the term
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informal sector, which is credited to the British anthropologist Keith Hart in a study on Ghana in 1973 but also alluded to by the International Labor Organization in a widely read study on Kenya in 1972.
Chapter Two
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Data is collected on the basis of some questionnaire and those questions were asked to each of the respondents and based on the answer of the question I am describing the findings from the survey.
Type of business:
My first inquire was what types of business is performed by the entrepreneur; this information is statistically described below:
Frequency 15 3 2 20 Percent 75.0 15.0 10.0 100.0 Valid Percent 75.0 15.0 10.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 75.0 90.0 100.0
Valid
Type of Business
Service 15.0%
Trading 75.0%
Here I have found that from the entire respondent 75% were trading enterprise, 15% were service enterprise and another 10% are manufacturing enterprise. But most of them were processed food vendors and raw food vendors.
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Physical Structure:
Frequency 8 2 1 9 20 Percent 40.0 10.0 5.0 45.0 100.0 Valid Percent 40.0 10.0 5.0 45.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 40.0 50.0 55.0 100.0
Valid
Structure
Mobile 45.0%
Rented 5.0%
In case of physical structure of the business I have found that most of them using mobile vendors van that mean 45% mobile vendors, 40% road side shade, 10% road side open space and another 5% were rented space.
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Enterprise
Inherited 30.0%
Here in case of inherited or not inherited I have found that majority of them have not inherited enterprise. 70% of them are not inherited and other 30% are inherited. That means most of them have started their business by themselves.
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Age
Frequency 9 3 6 2 20 Percent 45.0 15.0 30.0 10.0 100.0 Valid Percent 45.0 15.0 30.0 10.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 45.0 60.0 90.0 100.0
Valid
Age
50
40
Y Axis
30
45.0%
20
30.0%
15.0%
10.0%
4.00
Age
When I asked about the age of respondents when they start business I have got different response from them. 45% were age 20-29, 15% were age 30-39, 30% were age of 40-49 and other 10% were age of above 50 years old.
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Level of Education
Frequency Valid 1.00 2.00 Total 15 5 20 Percent 75.0 25.0 100.0 Valid Percent 75.0 25.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 75.0 100.0
Education
School SSC
25.0% SSC
75.0% School
In the response of question level of education I have got only two answers those are School and SSC, among them 75% were School and other 25% were SSC level. One thing to be pointed that some respondent said that they didnt go to school in their life.
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Valid
Dep.members
One 35.0%
Three 20.0%
Two 30.0%
When I have asked about their number of dependent family members on them they said different number of members are dependent on them, 35% have 1 dependent member, 30% have 2 dependent members, 20% have 3 dependent members, and rest 15% have 4 dependent family members who stay under them.
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Valid
Motivation
In case of motivation to start business, 15% said this business is more profitable , for this reason they have started this business, 10% said it is known business, 35% said less capital is required, and rest 40% said that it is the best alternative of all business.
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Source of capital
Frequency 3 11 3 3 20 Percent 15.0 55.0 15.0 15.0 100.0 Valid Percent 15.0 55.0 15.0 15.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 15.0 70.0 85.0 100.0
Valid
Cap.source
When I asked about their source of capital 15% said parents, 55% from own savings, 15% from non-institutional loan and other 15% collected their fund from other sources such as brother, sister, friends etc.
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Startup Capital
Frequency 5 2 5 8 20 Percent 25.0 10.0 25.0 40.0 100.0 Valid Percent 25.0 10.0 25.0 40.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 25.0 35.0 60.0 100.0
Valid
Capital
40
35
30
Y Axis
25
8000+ 40.0%
20
1000-3000 25.0% 6001-8000 25.0%
15
10 1000-3000
3001-6000 10.0%
3001-6000
6001-8000
8000+
Capital
From this survey I have collected some information about startup capital of informal enterprises, among these 20 respondents 25% capital were tk. 1000-3000, 10% tk. 3001-6000, 25% were tk.6001-8000, and rest 40% were above 8000. Some of them started their business with tk. 15000+ capital.
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People
one two
two 25.0%
one 75.0%
No of people working in an enterprise does not varies so much because most of the enterprise has one or two person, majority are single owner managed. Among them 75% were selfmanaged and other 25% were two people working in the business.
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Valid
Location
Only available
Random 40.0%
Familiarity 40.0%
While selecting their business location randomly selected 40%, for familiarity with this place were 40%, suggested by the expert were 15% and rest 5% were only place available to them for this business.
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Valid
Performance
very good
Average 35.0%
In the response of question overall performance of business different respondent have said different things, among them 30% said poor profit, 35% said average income, 30% said good and rest 5% said very good profit from their business.
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Plan
No plan Others
15.0% Others
85.0% No plan
This report is basically about the enterprise that does not pay tax or unregistered enterprises. When I asked about their future plan about registration 85% people said that they have no plan for registration and other 15% said other that means they were registered under other business and they will convert their registration to present business.
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Types of Barriers
Frequency 10 5 5 20 Percent 50.0 25.0 25.0 100.0 Valid Percent 50.0 25.0 25.0 100.0 Cumulative Percent 50.0 75.0 100.0
Valid
Barriers
Infrastructure 50.0%
Instututional 25.0%
Every business have some barriers and like other business informal enterprise also have some barriers, among them 50%have infrastructure problem, 25% have institutional issue related problems and rest 25% have economic problems.
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Chapter Three
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Chapter Four
Appendix
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References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_sector Department for Infrastructure and Economic Cooperation. Retrieved November 20, 2011. Lewis, William (1955). The Theory of Economic Growth. London: Allen and Unwin. Report on conditions of work and promotion of livelihoods in the unorganized sector. New Delhi: National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector. 2007. Williams, Colin C. (2005). A Commodified World? Mapping the limits of capitalism. London: Zed Books. pp. 73, 74. Department for Infrastructure and Economic Cooperation. Retrieved 20 November 2011. Jonathan Habib Engqvist and Maria Lantz, ed. (2009). Dharavi: documenting informalities. Delhi: Academic Foundation. Wilson, David (9 February 2012). "Jobs Giant: How Matt Barrie Build a Global Empire". The Age. Retrieved 20 March 2012. Alejandro Portes and William Haller (2005). "The Informal Economy". In N. Smelser and R. Svedberg (eds.). Handbook of Economic Sociology, 2nd edition. Russell Sage Foundation. Hernando de Soto (1986). El Otro Sendero. Sudamericana. ISBN 950-07-0441-2. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
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Thank you
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