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Cold War Summary

Purpose: To make sure that you understand the Cold War.

Name_____________ Date______________ Per#______________

Directions: Complete the following through annotation. Standard: 10.9 Subject: Cold War
Vocabulary Capitalism US NATO Yalta Pact Truman Doctrine Vietcong Czechoslovakia Iron Curtain Collapse of the Soviet Union

Communism Warsaw Pact Vietnam Hungary Berlin Wall

USSR Marshall Plan Ho Chi Minh

Even though the U.S. and the USSR fought on the same side during WWII, both had different goals for the world after the war. The U.S., the USSR, and Great Britain met at Yalta, and outlined their goals for after the war. The US wanted worldwide capitalism. The USSR wanted worldwide communism. This led to a competition between the two for power over the world. In 1947, Harry Truman, president of the U.S. outlined the main ideas in his speech called the Truman Doctrine. His speech discussed how the U.S. should help Greece and Turkey in fighting communism, and should help all other countries fighting communism. The Marshall Plan was also set up. It gave money to countries in Western Europe so that they would re-build as capitalistic countries. This led to most of Western Europe becoming capitalist, and most of Eastern Europe becoming communist. The division between the East and West was described was the Iron Curtain. During this time, the U.S. invaded several countries to try to make them capitalist. One of the most famous cases was Vietnam. After World War II, Vietnam wanted to become an independent country. It was led by Ho Chi Minh, who was both a communist and a nationalist. The people loved him because he was giving the farmers land. However, the U.S. hated him because he was communist. The U.S. believed that if Vietnam became communist, other countries would also. This was called the Domino Theory (the other countries would fall like dominos). This led to the U.S. getting involved. The U.S. tried to make Ngo Dinh Diem the leader of Vietnam, but the people of Vietnam did not want this. So the U.S. tried to send troops into Vietnam to fight the Vietcong (communist army). The Vietcong had the advantage of knowing the area better, and there were massive protest in the U.S. against the war. The U.S. lost the war, and 57,000 U.S. troops died. Over 2 million Vietnamese people died as well. While the U.S. was trying to expand its power, the USSR could just barely keep control of the countries in the Warsaw Pact. In Hungary, the people, led by Imre Nagy, protested to have free elections. The USSR came in and stopped the rebellion, and killed Nagy. Czechoslovakia also rebelled when its communist leader, Alexander Dubcek, wanted to end censorship of the newspapers. This led to an invasion by the Warsaw Pact nations. Furthermore, communist East Germany pushed and protested to end the division of the city of Berlin by the Berlin Wall. Egon Krenz, the leader of East Germany hoped to end the protest by allowing for the destruction of the wall. Instead this led to the unification of Germany under capitalism. Lastly, when the communist party of Russia tried to kick out the popular leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, people had huge rallies that led to the collapse of Russia. This was the official end of the Cold War.

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