2.

Eco-friendly Indoor Lighting Design

BCA Academy (GMP) Programme Module: Efficient Eco-lighting systems (indoor & Outdoor)
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Changing Scenario of Offices

Performance

Comfort

Cost

Image

Ambience

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Changing Scenario in Offices

What does this mean for Lighting ?
Change in Lighting Parameters Lighting Equipment Light Quantity ( lux) Light Quality : Trends in lamps, ballasts and luminaires : As per National Standards : Glare Control : Colour Temperature : Colour Rendition Lighting Controls : Flexibility to users : Energy Savings Vs investment ??

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

What is good Lighting ? What is good Lighting ?

WORKING WORKING ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT surrounds surrounds
Sound/noise Sound/noise Hygiene Hygiene Heating/cooling Heating/cooling LIGHTING LIGHTING Infrastructure I f Infrastructure Furniture Furniture Machinery Machinery Etc. Etc. Eye/vision Eye/vision (Visual) task (Visual) task performance performance Speed/failure rate Speed/failure rate Physical/mental health Physical/mental y health Safety/accidents Safety/accidents Absenteeism Absenteeism

vision vision health health TASK TASK

Productivity Productivity

It It is is a a Facilitator Facilitator of of

vision vision and and health health

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Optical Systems : Evolution

Bare fittings
light g in all direction lamp visible .. glare Basic look

Just White reflector

upward light directed downward no shape shape in light distribution lamp still visible .. no ambience

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Optical Systems : Evolution

Opal/Prismatic cover
diffused lights g lamp not visible .. glare reduction decorative look high absorption reduction in efficiency

Mirror systems
Shaping light distribution Controls glare Improves System and energy efficiency

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Optical Systems : Evolution

Mirrors
Precise control of f light distribution Directs light to where needed The right light at the right place Consist of Side Reflectors and cross lamellae Shape , Size and Finish determines light distribution / screening

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Optical Systems: Evolution

Different Types of Optical Systems

M2 facetted mirror with profiled lamellae

M5 parabolic sidemirrors with parabolic lamellae

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Optical Systems : Evolution

Different Types of Optical Systems

C6 ( High Gloss) parabolic mirror and special parabolic lamellae

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Recommendations and Standards

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Indoor lighting standards

National
Lighting society LiTG (D) CIBSE (UK) NSVV (NL) IES (USA) Standardisation institute DIN BSI NEN ANSI

Europe

CEN

World

CIE

ISO

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

SS 531: 2006 general recommendations

Recommendations 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) Entrance Halls : Dining Areas : Kitchen : Guest Rooms : Corridors & Stairs : Lift Interior : Enquiry Desk : Offices : Car Park (Floor Level) : Ramps : Entrance & Exit : Control Booth : 200 - 500 Lux 200 - 500 Lux 300 - 750 Lux 75 - 150 Lux 100 - 200 Lux 75 - 150 Lux 300 - 750 Lux 300 - 750 Lux 10 - 20 Lux 50 - 100 Lux 50 - 300 Lux 150 - 300 Lux

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Key Lighting Parameters Office Lighting

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

SS 531: 2006 Office areas

Quality aspect Lighting level Uniformity Glare restriction Colour rendering Quality parameter maintained illuminance Emin / E av UGR CRI = Ra

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

SS 531: 2006 Office areas

Sl.N Type of Interior o 3 1 Filing, 3.1 Filing copying 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Writing, reading, Data processing Technical drawings CAD work stations Conf&Meeting rooms Reception desk Archives E (Lux) UGR 19 19 16 19 19 22 25 Ra

300 500 750 500 500 300 200

80 80 80 80 80 80 80

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting of Indoor workplaces LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting for indoor work places

Definitions Luminance distribution

Luminance distribution is determined by:
Reflectance of surfaces Illuminance of surfaces
Useful reflectance Min. Max.

Ceiling Wall Working plane Floor

0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3

0.6 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.5

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting for indoor work places

Definitions Task and surrounding areas

Task / Surrounding g area Surrounding Task
> 0.5 m

Illuminance
Task 750 lux 500 lux 300 lux 200 lux Task 0.70 Surrounding 500 lux 300 lux 200 lux 200 lux Surrounding 0.50
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Uniformity (Emin/Eave)

Lighting requirements (Traditional)

Previous Approach - lighting requirements for offices (CIE)

500 lux (minimal on the working plane)

0.8m

Former approach (Space related)

Average illuminance levels on the working plane filing, copying, circulation areas writing, typing, reading, data processing areas technical drawing offices CAD work stations conference and meeting rooms reception desk areas archives 300 lux 500 lux 750 lux 500 lux 500 lux 300 lux 200 lux
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

New Direction Lighting requirements

Concentration area

Communication area

E
O.2m
Decorative D ti elements
Variation & surprise How often are the extremes applied?

A
300 lux (orientation lighting)

B C
Control
switching steps

Club office
Individual task
TASK - concentration zone (A)
Lighting level : 300-1000 lux Colour Temp. : 3000-5000K Colour rendering: 80-100 G Glare restriction :<1000cd/m / 2/65 / 0 uniformity :>0.7 (task area) Beam shape : triangle or asym

TASK - Communication zone (B)

Lighting level : 300-1000 lux Colour Temp. : 3000-5000K Colour rendering: 80-100 G Glare restriction :No direct glare uniformity :> 0.5 (table) Beam shape : wide beam

Collective space

ROOM - Floor (C)

Lighting level : > 300 lux (hor.) Colour Temp. : 3000-4000K Colour rendering: 80-100 Glare restriction : uniformity : > 0.3 Beam shape :-

ROOM - Ceiling (D)

Lighting level : > 150 lux Colour Temp. : 3000-4000K Colour rendering: 80-100 Glare restriction : uniformity : > 0.5 Beam shape :-

ROOM - Walls (E)

Lighting level : > 200 lux (Vert.) Colour Temp. : 3000-4000K Colour rendering: 80-100 Glare restriction : uniformity : > 0.1 Beam shape :-

Control
collectively controlled

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

1.6m

Lighting for indoor work places Example Office Lighting

> 500 lx uniformity > 0.7 > 300 lx uniformity > 0.5
4800 4800mm

3600 0mm

> 200 lx

4800mm
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting for indoor work places Definitions Maintenance factor

Illuminances are maintained levels Eave Initial illuminance Service illuminance
100%

Maintained illuminance
Maintenance interval Operating time
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

3600 0mm

Lighting of Indoor workplaces DIRECT AND INDIRECT GLARE

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting for indoor work places Definitions (direct and indirect glare) Luminance and illuminance
luminance L [candela/m2] luminance L [candela/m2] luminous intensity te s ty I [candela]

light source

illuminance E [lux]
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting for indoor work places Definitions (direct glare) UGR UGR
Complicated system to limit direct glare caused by the luminaires in the room

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting for indoor work places Definitions (indirect glare) Luminance limits for luminaires which can be reflected in the screen Two luminaire classifications:
Screen quality good/medium < 1000 cd/m2 Screen quality poor < 200 cd/m2 above 650
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting for indoor work places Definitions (indirect glare)

Luminance limits of luminaires which can be reflected in the screen Screen classes in accordance
with ISO 9241-7
Screen quality Average g luminance of luminaires which are reflected in the screen I II good medium

III

poor

1000
cd / m2

200
cd / m2

above 650 Note:

In some special places 550 should be applied For display screen with screen tilt up to 150
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Industrial lighting

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Industry Lighting
Basic lighting solutions: Linear light sources (Fluorescent lamps)

Point light sources (High intensity Discharge lamps)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Industry Lighting
Application h < 6 m 95-100 % 'TL'D lamps 5% HID lamps

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Industry Lighting
Application pp 6 < h < 12 m TL'D lamps HID lamps

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Industry Lighting
Application h. 12 m HID lamps

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting Design Principles

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Guidelines
1.Determine the function and need 2. Select the Lighting level from relevant Standards for particular function

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Guidelines
Input Preparation Output Preparation

Determine lighting parameters lighting li hti l level l uniformity colour Rendering colour temperature glare S l t Equipment Select E i t lamp luminaire gears control

Calculate No. of luminaires Prepare layout Prepare Recommendation Cost Calculation

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lumen method of Calculation

Determine , length , width and height of working space Calculate Room Index l length h x width id h K= Mounting height x (length + width) Select the reflection factors of ceiling/wall /floor rc / rw,/ rf (For offices , 0.7 . 0.5,0.3 .. are common values) Select the luminaire and lamp types Choose Utilisation factor (UF) from the UF table S l t Maintenance Select M i t factor f t (MF) Use the pre-selected illuminance Calculate no. of luminaires Arrange the luminaires in a suitable grid

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Utilisation Factor Table

Utilisation Factor Table Indication of efficiency of luminaire ..... with respect to Room Index Surface Reflection factors Designers tool for calculation of quantity of luminaire by Lumen Method

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Maintenance Factors: Guidelines

Air Conditioned interiors Non Air-conditioned interiors Industrial Areas ( normal) Industrial Areas ( dusty)

0.85 0.80 0.7 - 0.75 0.65- 0.7

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Step by Step Approach for Calculation

Calculation of No. of luminaires (N) by Lumen Method
E X LX W N= C X T X UF X MF where , E = Average Illuminance (lux) L = Length of room in m W = Width of Room in m C = Light output / lamp T = No. of lamps per luminaire UF = Utilisation factor MF = Maintenance Factor
BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009