Stherline Silencieux Mr.

Asiner Honor British Literacy June 3, 2013 Multiculturalism Outline

Thesis: The time to reconsider the case for multiculturalism has come. This will develop and help economic and social conflicts. I) Introduction a. What is multiculturalism b. Where did all started? c. Why has this issue brought many controversy and argument II) Who is to be blamed for multiculturalism? a) the Government b) the descendants III) What is affected by multiculturalism? a) Children b) Life IV) Cases Against multiculturalism?

a) The cultural argument against multiculturalism countering the ethical and legal b) the universal nature of human values is that culture is merely a direct result of the unique geography rather than history V) Who are the people who follow under this? a. This means that generation after generation there are people who are mixed. b. What would happen if you past generation of people no longer are just one group? VI) Its Purpose a. The real reason why all of this started. b. Many people believe that this is a way to apologies to those who were involved in multiculturalism c. Other believes that this will bring peace and bring United States closer. VII) Bad outcomes a. The goal was to move from mere tolerance to understanding and ultimately to unity. b. c. Generations has change the pass years. Few multiculturalists are serious about this principle, except in its most intellectual, classroom-debate form.

VIII)

d. , a lack of organs donated by multicultural populations can contribute to longer waiting periods for transplantation. My opinion towards the issue. a. I totally disagree with this issue and these seem completely selfish to the future generations to endure the isolation that is caused by multiculturalism b. Teaching with this perspective promotes the child's sense of the uniqueness of his own culture as a positive characteristic and enables the child to accept the uniqueness of the cultures

IX)

Conclusion a. Summarize the meaning of the issue and my view. b. Supporting details and example. c. Thesis statement explanation

Stherline Silencieux Mr. Asiner Honor British Literacy June 3, 2013 Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is a contested concept which has been used to refer not only to ethnic, gender and sexual identities but also to a wide range of policy proposals, many dealing with education. (Reference.com.) CARA WONG confines her attention here to multiculturalism as a political formula as a normative conception of political identity and national community with a derivative policy agenda. Multiculturalism as a fact refers to the presence of people of diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds within a single polity. This demographic heterogeneity generally is a result of the conquest of a territory or of large-scale migrations. Multiculturalism as an ideology is a political response which assumes that differences in culture, in the sense of a coherent cluster of beliefs, values, habits and observances, accompany this demographic diversity.

Qin Wan Multiculturalism is diversity of two or more culture in some region or country. America is an immigrant country; most people in America are immigrants. They come from different countries and different ethnic groups; they have different languages, educational backgrounds, customs, values and religions. When they arrive America, they must communicate with other people in English. They learn English and the culture from American people or earlier immigrants who are around them. In their public activity, they must accept American cultural traditions, but in their private lives, they inevitably use their own customs, values, religions, traditional festivals and experiences to influence their behaviors. They

are still retaining their own cultures. Since the 1960s, The America government has admitted, encouraged and supported cultural diversity. Fair policies allowed all citizens to have the right to preserve their cultural inheritance. Public school has bilingual education programs for new immigrant children. Under the laws, racism, discrimination and prejudice are significantly decreased. The relationships of people in the country are friendly and harmonious, and peoples lives have become rich and colorful. We are understanding and learning from each other more easily than before. We can eat different cultural style foods. We can watch different countrys performances. We can enjoy the celebration events of different countrys festivals. Kids growing up in this multicultural background are easy to accept different views, values and behaviors of foreign countries. Especially, following the development of the Internet and wireless communication technology, the distance from country to country and people to people has becomes closer, and the economies between regions and countries are connected more closely. The whole world became a global village. Multiculturalism is becoming more important than at any other time in history.

In "Beyond Multiculturalism" the philosophy of multiculturalism was born out of a desire to respond to growing cultural and religious diversity, a way to redress historical injustices and build a more equitable society. The goal was to move from mere tolerance to understanding and ultimately to unity. Its policies promote "cultural democracy", the right of all groups to be represented in the cultural landscape of a diverse society. While the aims of such policies might have been enlightened, the application has been muddled. Multicultural societies inherently consist of diverse religious and moral views. How do we create common ground while promoting differences? My experience of running a Los Angeles museum, dedicated to cultural understanding led me to question the wisdom of multiculturalism. The price tag for multiculturalism has been the ascent of rigid identity politics, where cultural groups proclaim either their "specialness" or "victimhood", continually setting themselves apart from others. The result has been a backlash from those in the cultural majority and rivalry for resources amongst minorities. While multiculturalism aimed for unity, in truth we

are still working towards tolerance - a fact made painfully clear in a post-9/11 landscape where fear is the dominant cultural marker and "the Other" is usually to blame.

There has been no clear outcome of this debate (perhaps, since it largely concerns the large immigrant and non-native populations in developed countries), the ghastly and morally outrageous crime of what is known as honor killing (but can be really be termed hubris killing) continues to take place also on their soil. For fear of being labeled culturally insensitive, govern ments fail to identify, adequately report or solve this problem. The cultural argument against multiculturalism countering the ethical and legal one of the universal nature of human values is that culture is merely a direct result of the unique geography rather than history of a particular place. Cutlery, dishwashers (which never took off in India), wines and sunbathing in the northern hemisphere offer specific illustrations of this principal at work while closer home it is the wok, the handloom gamchha and paan. To start living in cold Norway from the scratch, one has to learn to build a house. Hence, the need for adaption, acclimatization, learning of new habits, integration, when in Rome, does as Romans do, so goes the proverb. (Times of India blog)

In an assimilations victory in November 2010, Switzerland voted to proscribe minarets following a four-year local opposition to a construction by the resident Turkish association, which may be short-lived, however, as the UN has slammed the ban as discriminatory. But west of the channel, the British Nationalist Party, which seeks to restore the overwhelmingly white ethnicity of Britain that existed prior to 1948, welcomed one Mr. Singh next door as its first Asian-origin member. And though the far-right Dutch Party for Freedom, whose leader Geert Wilders advocates banning the Quran and curbing Muslim religious freedom, ranked

second in elections to the Netherlands parliament (he was subsequently snubbed by Turkey whose politicians refused to see him citing his views so that he was forced to cancel the trip. He performed poorly in the 2012 general election), there is a sneaking suspicion somewhere that the Establishment has at last appropriated a beautiful movement that started off as a clutch of robust, neoconservative voices that called for the return of foreign emigrants to their respective lands. For the success of a nation, at the root of it, is based on the strength of the morals of its people which directly influence the quality of their life. This campaign said to the migrant gold digger: If you want to preserve your ethnicity, go back to your country and make it on its soil. And help your country do the same. Or else become one of us. There is no middle path. But the strongest and most robust of these voices (Jorg Haider of Austria who died in 2008, Jean-Marie Le Pen of France who finished fourth in the 2007 national elections, Pia Kjaersgaard of the Danish Peoples Party that has been the countrys third largest party in three successive elections since 2001 and Umberto Bossi, the incumbent Ita lian reforms minister) was that of former Marxist, homosexual and pragmatist, the flamboyant Pim Fortuyn. Portrayed as a Far Right populist, Fortuyn fiercely rejected this description of himself. Calling Islam "a backward culture", he said if it were legally possible he would close the borders for Muslim immigrants to prevent what he saw as corruption of the Dutch way of life. He formed his party, LPF (Pim Fortuyn List) in February 2007, swept the preliminaries and was on the cusp of victory in the general election when he was assassinated just nine days prior to the polling. His party went on to win an unprecedented debut in Dutch parliament.

Multiculturalism in American Public Opinion sparked by the civil rights movement and fuelled by the influx of immigrants from Latin America and Asia, multiculturalism has emerged to challenge liberalism as an ideological solution for balancing unity and diversity in America. At the core of multiculturalism is an insistence on the enduring significance of ethnicity in shaping political identities and interests. Proponents of multiculturalism hold that membership in a societal culture with its own language a nd history is necessary for the individuals dignity and self-realization. They are convinced that the universal, individual rights promised by liberalism are insufficient protection for the survival of minority cultures and for the ability of their members to decide what kind of life is good for them. Minority cultures need special recognition and group rights to withstand the forces of assimilation that undermine the sense of identity and well-being that individuals derive from membership in prosperous and respected communities.3

In the United States, some observers believe that this challenge to liberal individualism has had great influence on the broader society. Michael Lind asserts that multiculturalism is not just a proposal, but the de facto orthodoxy of the American regime.4 Similarly, Jacoby states that government officials, college administrators and corporate executives, among other leaders, all Declare their commitment to multiculturalism.5 Whatever the validity of these claims regarding elite attitudes,6 they may not apply to the preferences of ordinary citizens. Yet public opinion is likely to shape the future of multiculturalisms political project, if only by placing limits on the actions public officials can safely contemplate. Indeed, the question of the proper role of ethnicity in the allocation of public benefits has penetrated the electoral arena in several states. In California, for example, voters have chosen to designate English as their official language, restrict the access of illegal immigrants, predominantly Hispanic, to most public

services, abolish most state affirmative action programmers, and reduce the scope and duration of bilingual education programmers. This article examines the contours of popular support for and opposition to multiculturalism in the United States, focusing on the issue of group consensus and conflict.

Multicultural education relates to the education and instruction designed for the cultures of several different races in an educational system. This approach to teaching and learning is based upon consensus building, respect, and fostering cultural pluralism within racial societies. Multicultural education acknowledges and incorporates positive racial idiosyncrasies into classroom atmospheres. A significant demographic transformation is on the horizon for the United States of America. Bennett (1995) estimates that "by the year 2000, over 30 percent of our school age population will be children of color" (p.18). Additionally, research has indicated that ethnic minority students are disproportionately poor, dropping out of school, being suspended or expelled, and achieving far below their potential relative to the ethnic majority (Bennett, 1995). Consequently, teachers must prepare themselves and their children for the ever changing challenge of interacting and communicating with diverse races. Reduction of fear, ignorance, and personal detachment are possible benefits to a Multicultural education. The following excerpts are taken from Paul Gorski (1995), a University of Virginia Doctoral student during a case study interview; the idea of political correctness with the black race astounds me. I found it extremely interesting that some blacks in our class prefer to be called African American. In all of my classes...I have felt like I was stepping on egg shells as to not offend the blacks in my class. I am honestly glad it is not that big of an issue to my fellow classmates--it promotes a more comfortable, genuine environment for me to be totally honest and carefree.

According Multicultural Perspectives, if one wants to alienate and further fragment the communication and rapport between ethnic groups, implement multicultural education. As stated by Bennett (1995), "to dwell on cultural differences is to foster negative prejudices and stereotypes, and that is human nature to view those who are different as inferior" (p. 29). Thus, multicultural education will enhance feelings of being atypical. Schools in America may see multicultural education as a way to "color blind" their students to differences. Administrators may view the "color blind" approach as a gate keeper that assures equal treatment and justice for all students and as a way to facilitate compatibility and sameness of all cultures. A common statement from this line of thinking is, 'we are more alike than different'. We should focus on the similarities and not the differences to achieve greater equanimity among the races. Ethnicity is breaking up many nations. If one looks at the former Soviet Union, India, Yugoslavia, and Ethiopia, all countries are in some type of crisis. Closer to home, one observes the divisiveness of the Rodney King and O.J. Simpson trials in our country, we can see how focusing on race and multiculturalism may lead to a further divisiveness between the races in America. Over time, multicultural education may have unplanned for and undesired consequences. For example, multicultural education rejects the historic American goals of assimilation and integration of ethnic cultures into the majority culture. Hence, the perception may result that America is a country of distinct ethnic groups, as opposed to a more traditional view of the country that involves individuals making decisions for the good of the order (Schlesinger, 1991).

(KenanMalik )The thought police are already at work. On more than one occasion over the past decade I have been refused permission by both newspaper and radio editors to quote Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses because it was considered to cause too much 'offence'. The McPherson inquiry into Stephen Lawrence argued that even racist comments made in the privacy of the home should be made a criminal offence. Thankfully, this suggestion has so far been ignored politically. Many multiculturalists, however, wish to go

further still, demanding that all private thought and feelings be subject to political scrutiny. Iris Young welcomes what she calls 'the continuing effort to politicize vast areas of institutional, social and cultural life.' Politics, she suggests, 'concerns all aspects of institutional organization, public action, social practices and habits, and cultural meanings'. 'The process of politicizing habits, feelings and expressions of fantasy and desire', can Young believes, 'foster a cultural revolution'. A truly plural society would be one in which citizens have full freedom to pursue their different values or practices in private, while in the public sphere all citizens would be treated as political equals whatever the differences in their private lives. Today, however, pluralism has come to mean the very opposite. The right to practice a particular religion, speak a particular language, follow a particular cultural practice is seen as a public good rather than a private freedom. Different interest groups demand to have their 'differences' institutionalised in the public sphere. And to enforce such a vision we have to call in the Thought Police.Multiculturalism is an authoritarian, anti-human outlook. True political progress requires not recognition but action, not respect but questioning, not the invocation of the Thought Police but the forging of common bonds and collective struggles.

In Made In America by Claude Fischer he states that irony of the ethnic identity movement is that the very way multiculturalism activists precede is rooted in American culture, not their homeland cultures. They use voluntary associations, often insistently running them in a democratic fashion, engage in political lobbying, hold loud and proud demonstrations, and rel y on individuals volunteering, and so on. This kind of ethnic mobilization is of course, totally foreign to most of the ancestral cultures; they are Anglo American customs. Few multiculturalists are serious about this principle, except in its most intellectual, classroom-debate form. They do not really abstain from judgment when it comes to, for example, treating women as chattel, forcing them stay in homes, binding their feet, killing them if they dishonor the clan, and so on even if those practices are parts of traditional cultures. And they are not really neutral about higher caste people or feudal lords exploiting poor workers, nor about fathers selling their children as

servants, slaves, or sex objects, nor about nomadic tribes making their livelihoods by pillaging agricultural villages even if these practices have characterized these societies since time immemorial. Taylor & Francis journal is about the publication promote the philosophy of social justice, equity, and inclusion. It celebrates cultural and ethnic diversity as a national strength that enriches the fabric of society. The journal encourages a range of material from academic to personal perspectives; poetry and art; articles of an academic nature illuminating the discussion of cultural pluralism and inclusion; articles and position papers reflecting a variety of disciplines; and reviews of film, art, and music that address or embody multicultural forms. The name is an organization that brings together individuals and groups with an interest in multicultural education from all levels of education, different academic disciplines and from diverse educational institutions and occupations. Educators from preschool through higher education and representatives from business and communities comprise name's membership.

Works Cited
*"Beyond Multiculturalism." Aljazeera.com. N.p., 28 Mar. 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/03/20133288732213686.html

*"The Case against Multiculturalism in the Context of Islam." Times of India (blog). N.p., 14 Apr. 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/contrary-wise/entry/the-case-against-multiculturalism-in-the-context-ofislam *Citrin, Jack, David O. Sears, Christopher Muste, and Cara Wong. "Multiculturalism in American Public Opinion." British Journal of Political Science 31.02 (2001): n. pag. Print. Lisi, Penelope L., and Philip C. Chinn. "Editorial." Multicultural Perspectives 2.3 (2000): 1. Print.

Is Multiculturalism Positive Or Negative? New York: Qin Wan, 1997. Print.

*"MADE IN AMERICA." MADE IN AMERICA. Claude Fischer N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. http://madeinamericathebook.wordpress.com/2010/09/01/multiculturalism-lite-and-right/

Kenan Malik.. Against multiculturalism Cambridge: Polity, 2007. Print. *4 M. Lind, The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution (New York: The Free Press, 1995), p. 97. Print. *"Multicultural Education." Multicultural Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/papers/keith.html *"Multiculturalism." Reference.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. http://www.reference.com/browse/multiculturalism *7 L. Bobo, Group Conflict, Prejudice, and the Paradox of Contemporary Racial Attitudes, in P. Katz and D. Taylor, eds, Eliminating Racism (New York: Plenum, 1988), pp. 85114; L. Bobo and J. R. Kluegel, Opposition to RaceTargeting: Self-Interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes? American Sociological Review, 58 (1993), 443 64.

*5 R. Jacoby, The End of Utopia: Politics and Culture in an Age of Apathy (New York: Basic Books, 1999).

Smith, G. Pritchy, Debbie G. Thomas, Celina V. Echols, and Fran Davis Perkins. "Guide To New Resources." Multicultural Perspectives 3.4 (2001): 39-48. Print. Taylor, Charles, Amy Gutmann, and Charles Taylor. Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1994. Print.