Re - 1988-11

FLUKE A ND PHILIPS - TH E G L O BA L ALL IAN CE I N TE ST &
MEASUREMENT
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PHILIPS
Introducing awhole new way to look at oscilloscopes.

Instant-action AUTOSET. Philips' intelligent be am finder automatically selects channel, am plitude, timebaseandtriggering for error-free displa y of anyinput signal. Great for troubleshooting! "C lever" cursors and delayedsweep. Stan dard on the PM 3070, "clever" cursors supply im mediateamplitude and timing measurements with direct C R Treadout. HIGH PERFORMANCEW ITH AVIEW And an exclusive cursor-operated Z O O M function offers the most efficient use of LC Dwindow. Largedigital indications note delayed sweep available inanalog scopes. all selected functions, instrument settings and parameter values. Instantly. Precisely. Auto-Triggering intelligence. Providesfast, W ithnomistakes. And right where you stable triggering up to 150 MHz. need them-next to theCRT. Not hidden act orcom pensationin LCD. Itauo in crowded frontpanels. Not wastingcritical Probef matically adjusts allreadouts for theprobe waveform displa y area. It'sarevolutionary you're using. idea that facilita testheuse of anoscillo IE EE compatibility For fast computer hookscope like nothing else. And it's only from up and automated productiontest and nce again. Philips. O calibration. 16kVCRT. Higher acceleration voltage and advanced electron optics assure bril Choce offour models: Single and dual liance and spot quality that outshines anytimebase; 60 or 100 MHz bandwidths. thing else inthis class. SUPPORTING VIEW ushbutton simplicity Quick, one-function P P hilips' medium-frequency instruments buttons have replaced knobs for faster, come witha3-year warranty, a30-day surer, morereliableoperation. mone y-backguaranteeandall thetech
Operation that's instinctively, unbelievably clear. Information that's detailed, yet free of errors. And intelligence that will speed your work. Philips' micro-computer controlled medium-frequency Smart Series. They could change forever the way you look at oscilloscopes.
CIRCLE 121 ON FRE E INFORMATION CARD
nical andservice assistance youneed. F rom Fluke- thepeoplewho believethat extraordinarytechnology deservesextraordinary support. P OINT O FVIEW Call Fluke today at 80044FLUKE ext. Tl . And findout how easy it isto change the way youlookat oscilloscopes. Ask foryour free copy of our new guidebook, Basi c Principles ofO scilloscopes.
John FlukeMig. Co.Inc.P .O . Box C9090. M IS2SOC. Everett. WA 98 206 U.S .: 2063565400 CANADA: 416890-7600 OTHER COUNTRIE S: 206 356 5500
Copyright1988 JohnF luke Mfg. Co.. Inc. All rights reserved. Ad No. Q481P3065f70
SMART SERIES OSCillOSCOPES 60smMHz
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November 1988E le llll1ln i.

Vol. 59 No . 11
BUILD THIS
55 POWERLINE MONITOR
Keep an eye on AC-power conditions.
CoMilUiEilDiGiif
Gary McClellan 59 DIGITAL TELEPHONE LOCK

Part 2. C on struct ion details .
Steve Sokolowski
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Electronics
Advanced Control System. .
Automate your home w ith the REACTS X-10 module .
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RDVRNCED FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLERS

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TECHNOLOGY
45 THE FACTS ON FAX
How facsim ile machines work, and why they're becoming so popular.
PAGE 83
Herb Friedman 50 FACSIMILE: 1940 Carl A. Helber 1988

A firsthand look at the deve lopment of fax technology.
CIRCUITS
67 COPING WITH COILS
Use our prog ram to des ign and build your own inductors.
David E. Powell, KA4KNG
PAGE 45
DEPARTMENTS
6 VIDEO NEWS
What's new in this fastchanging field.
AND MORE
42 AUDIO UPDATE
The Audio Engineering Society.
120 Advertising and Sales Offices 120 Advertising Index 12 Ask R-E 121 Free Information Card 14 Letters 100 Market Center 24 New Products 71 PC Service 4 Wha"t's News
David Lachenbruch 22 EQUIPMENT REPORTS

Command Communications TF500 auto telephone switches.
Larry Klein 74 DRAWING BOARD

Multiplexing and dynamic RAM.
Robert Grossblatt 78 COMMUNICATIONS CORNER

Double your modem's data throughput.
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32 HARDWARE HACKER
A cheap co lor fuser.
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Don Lancaster
Herb Friedman
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ON THE COVER
Facsimile machin es have been aro un d fo r alm ost half a ce nt ury. However, it took the advent of digital electronics-and the resultantquality improvement and price reduction-to bring fax into the mainstream. Now, consumer-electronics experts are predicting that home fax machines will soon become as common as PC's and videocameras. To discover what's behind the technology and fax machines' rise in popularity, turn to page 45. To learn how they've developed over the years, from someone who was there _-'~c~2WC:~::Z:;;::iJ::;""~L_from_ the .beqinnlnq.csee. page.5 0'
HugoGernsback (18841967> founder M. Harvey Gernsback. editor-ln-chlef, emeritus Larry Steckler, EHF. cn editor-in-chiefand publisher EDITORIAL OEPARTMENT Art Kielman. editorial director Brian C. Fenton. editor Cart laran. WB2SLR. editorial associate Marc Spiwak, associate editor Jonathan A. Gordon. assistant technicel editor Teri Scaduto. assistant editor Jeffrey K. Holtzman. computer editor Robert A. Young. assistant editor Byron G. Wels. editorial associate Jack Darr. CET . service editor Robert F. Scott. sem iconductoreditor Herb Friedman. communicat ions editor Robert Grossbtatt. circuits editor larry Klei n. audio editor David lachenbruch. contributing editor Don Lancaster. contributing editor Richard D. Fitch. contr ibuting editor Kathy Campbell. editorial assistant Andre Duzant. technical illustrator tnjae LeE. assistant illustrator PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT Ruby M. Yee. production director Robert A. W.Lowndes. editorial production Karen Tucker. advertis ing production Marcella Amoroso. production traffic CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT J a c q u e line P. Cheeseboro. Circulation director Wendy Alanko. circu lation analyst There s a Lombardo. circulation ass istant Nancy Estrada. manager, RE Bookstore Ty pography by Mates Graphics Cover photo by Herb Friedman Rad io-Electronics is in dexe d in
As a serv ic e to readers, RADIO-ELECTRONICS publi shes available plans or inf orm ati on relating to newswo rt hy products, techniqu es and scie ntific and techn ologi cal development s. Bec ause of pos sibl e vari ances in th e quality and con dition of materi als and work manship used by readers. RADIO-ELECTRONICS di sclaims any responsibility for th e safe and proper function ing of reader-built proj ects based upon or from plans or information published in this magazin e. Sin ce som e of the eq uipment and circ uitry described in RA D IO ~ E L ECTRON ICS may relate to or be cove red by U.S. pate nts, RADIO-ELECTRONI CS disclaims any liability for th e infringem ent of s uch patents by th e making , using , or selli ng of any suc h equipment or ci rcuitry, and sugg ests th at anyone int erest ed in suc h project s co nsult a patent atto rney.
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App li ed Scienc e & Technology Index a nd Readers Guide to Periodical Literature . Microfilm & Microfiche e ditions are
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RADIO-ELECTRONICS. (ISSN 00 33-7862) Novemb er 1988. Publish ed monthl y by Gem sbac k Publi cations . Inc.. 500 -B BiCounty Boule vard , Farm in gdale. NY 11735 Sec ond- Class Postag e paid at Farmingdale. NY and additio nal mailin g off ices . Secon d-Cl ass mail regi str ati on N o. 9242 aut horize d at Toro nto. Canada. O ne-yea r subsc riptio n rate U .S.A. and poss ess ions $17.97, C anada $23 .97. all oth er count ries $26.97. All subsc ript io n or ders payabl e in U.S.A. fun ds only. via int ern ation al post al mon ey or der or check drawn on a U.S.A. bank. Single cop ies $2.25. 'c) 1988 by Gern sback Publi cati ons. Inc. All rights reserved. Print ed in U.S.A. POSTMASTE R, Please send addres s changes to RADIO-ELECTRONICS. Subscription Dept.. Box 55115. Boulder. CO 80321-5115. A stamp ed self -add ressed envelop e mu st acco mpany all sub mitted manuscript s andl or artwork or photograph s if th eir return is desir ed should th ey be rejected. We discl aim any responsibility fo r th e loss or damage of manu scripts andlor artwork or photograph s whil e in ou r possession or ot herw ise .
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FREQ UENCY
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Small enough to fit into a shirt pocket, our new 1.3GHz and 2.4 GHz, 8 digit frequency counter s are not toysIThey can actually out perform units many times t heir size and pricel Included are rechargeable Ni- Cad batteries installed inside the unit for hours of portable, cordless operation. The batter ies are easily recharged using th e AC adapter/charger supplied with the unit. The excellent sensitivity of the 1300H/A makes it ideal for use with the telescoping RF pick-up antenna; accurately and easily measure transmit frequencies from handheld , fixed, or mobile radios such as: Police, firefighters, Ham, taxi, car telephone, aircraft marine, etc. May be used for counter surveillance, locating hidden "bug " transmitters. Use with grid dip oscillator when designing and tuning antennas. May be used with a probe for measuring clock frequencies in computers, variou s digital circuitry or oscillators. Can be built into transmitters, signal generators and other devices to accurately monitor frequency. The size, price and performance of these new instruments make them indispensible for technicians, engineers, schools, Hams, CBers, electronic hobbyists, short wave listeners, law enforcement personnel and many others.
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Model 2400H 10-2400 MHz microwave count er includes N i-Cad batteries and AC adapt er Model CCA counter/counter, for debugging, ult ra sensitive, < 50 micro volts at 150MHz11 -600 MHz with adj ustable threshold, RF indicator LED. Includes N i-Cad bat ter ies and AC adapter
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Orders to US and Canada add 5 % of total ($2 min, $10 max) Florida residents add 6% sales tax. COD fee $2. Foreign ord ers add 15%
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WHAT'S NEWS
The cables are extre me ly flex ib le, so t heir ti ps- the "windows" t hat t he b e am s co me t hro ug h-are easily p o si ti on e d o n oppos ite sides of a workp iece . In 1983, Ge ne ral Elect ric scien t ists d em on strated that a f ibe r-opti c cab le can carry severa l hun d red watts of average powe r w it ho ut suffer ing da mage . Th e p rob le m was how t o inject a laser beam in t o on e end of a hair-thi n electrica l f iber without-damaging-its-protect ive coat ing o r me lt ing t he glass. That probl em was tack led by D r. M arshall G . Jon es of th e GE Research and Devel opm ent Center. He and hi s associates deve lo ped an " inp ut co up le r" -an opt ical assem b ly that redu ces th e %-i nc h laser beam to t he d iameter of t he glass fibe r in t he f iber-opti c cable . It s t ra ns miss io n effic iency is 90 perce nt. Th e n ew tec h no logy is be i ng used in a GE li ghtin g pl ant in Go ldsbo ro, NC to we ld lead wi res to t he f i la me nts of e lect r ic b u lbs used in auto head lamp s. Tw o co ndu ct ors, o ne of ni ckel-pl ated iron w i re and o ne of m ol ybd enum , mu st be we lde d togeth er end- to end . Th e iron w i re is abo ut twice t he diameter of t he molyb denum. App ly ing the heat fro m both sides mak es a more symmetr ical and stronge r jo int t han t hat pr odu ced by earlier approaches. Coo p e r had violated U . S .copy rig ht law s and in fr in ged up on co py rig hts of the VideoCip her descra mb l ing t e chn ol o gy t hat is used t o d el iver subscriptio n p rogram m ing to t he home satellite-TV market. It furt he r alleged t hat Cooper, Ken ny, and Netw or k Productio ns had vio lated t he Fed eral Co mmuni cat io ns Act, th at p ro h ibits t he desig n, ma n ufact ure.jnarket ing . and use of d evi ces inte nded to receive enc rypte d sig nals wit ho ut R-E authorizat io n.
GE ENGINEER DR. RICHARD J. HARTLEY adjusts the flexible tips of a new welding system that carries the power on thin fiber-optic cables and applies the heat to both sides of the weld simulta neo usly.
New laser-welding syste m uses fibe r-optic cables

A new lase r-w eldin g sys te m, t hat f i res its in t en se e ne rgy t hro ug h nee d le -t h i n f i b er- o pt i c cables and heat s bo t h sides of the
wo rk piece sim u lta neous ly, is in use at a Ge ne ral Electri c pl ant in N orth Caro l ina. Each of th e 75foot -lo ng fib er-opti c cab les in t he new we ldi ng syste m carries a laser beam of up to 100 watts of power. Produ ct ion s, In c. of New Jer sey. Jud ge Scott awarde d $110,00 in statutory damages against Shaun Kenn y, $20, 000 aga i nst Bo b Coope r and Netw o rk Produ ct ions, and pl ain tiff attorneys' fees t hat w ill be d etermi ned at a later hearing in Mi am i. Th e suit was fi le d by Cab lel Home Co m m unications Co rp. (a subsid iary of Ge ne ral In stru ment Co rp .), H o m e Box Office, In c. , Showt i me lThe Mov ie C ha n ne l, and M IA-Co m, In c. It alleged tha t Netw o rk Produ ct ion s, Ken ny, and
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u.s. D is tr ict Co u rt Jud g e Tho mas E. Scott (M ia mi, FL) awa rded Ge nera l In st rum ent Co r p ., H BO , an d Showt i me, $130,000 in stat uto ry da magesand gra nted a permane nt in j unc t io n fro m ma rketi ng, using, i mpo rting, selli ng , d ist ribu t in g, abetting, o r manu fact uri ng any devi ce designed to un lawf ully in tercept sate ll ite pay -te levis ion pro gr am mi ng services -aga i nst Sha u n Kenny, Bob Coo pe r, and Network
Sate llite-TV pirates hit with $130K damages
Due to a va riety of reasons. (ove rproductions, dis-
PUBLIC NOTICE:
continued lines. Etc...) manufacturers & distributors g e t~ with inventoriesthat must be liquidated. DAMARK walks in. lays down cash. and takes the entire inventory. This is how we can offer you products at BELOW DEALER COST! Just LOOK at the values below and order today - QUANTITIES
ARE LI MITED !
Now enjoy live performance sound with this Sherwood Optimum Digital Receiver with "Surround Sound" and the Sherwood Auto Reverse Double Cassette Deck. By adding additional speakers to the back of your room you can create "surround sound"!
RECEIVER SPECS: 3-way speaker switching. Quartz-locked computerized tuning. 16 station presets. Auto scan tuning. _ '-35_ watts per channel DUAL CASSETIE SPECS: Dubbing cassette deck. 3 auto reverse playback modes. Dolby B & C. Remote capability.
Bidi rectional automatic music sea rch .
IT'S THE INSTRUMENT OF TODA Y! Digital synthesizer voices, stringless membrane fingerboard, digital drums and electronic tremolo put the UNISYNTH in an entirely new category of guitar technology! Features an exciting "Auto-Play" function for anyone that wants to play guitar but doesn't know how! In just minutes you 'll be playing the guitar of today!
6 differ ent syn thes ize r vo ices : Gu ita r I, II, . Sy nth, Vibes I. II & Brass . 8 rhyth m pattern s incl uding rock, dis co , latin , 8 be at, ball ad , wal tz , 16 be at, and sw ing . Touch responsive righ t ha nd st rum - - strings. - - - - M a n u fa c tu re r's Full m anual fingerboard . Bu ilt-in spea ke r/a mpl ifica tio n sy stem . Easy-to-fol low , st ep-by-s tep op er atio n manu al. One Year Warranty! Factory New! Factory Perfect! Sugge sted Retail
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Always have access to those important calls by taking the GTE Cordless Phone along! Take it from room to room in . your home or office building. It even goes outside and you still get a clear, crisp conversation.
Handset operates up to approx. Manu factur er's 1000 It. from base unit. Sugg es te d Reta il Paging from base to handset. $99.95 Preset security code.
One -touch redial at last num ber .
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converte r, VC R, remo te TV tuner, TV with MP X outp ut) .
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Tone/pulse dialing. Model # : 3100. Color: Beige. Factory serviced, but like new! 90 Day Limited Warrant y !
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decod es ste reo Manufactu rer's signa ls bro ad cast thro ugh Su gg este d Ret ai l: $129.00 an tenn a or ca b le . Slim , compac t size: 9 .75"Wx DAMARK PRICE: _ 7"D x1 .5"H . All nece ssar y ca b les includ ed .
Order No . 8 .882 .102624 tnsureo Ship Hand.: $6 .00
Keep in touch with those important messages while away from your phone! Sleek & compact, this functional answering machine will prove to you over & over again how valuable Manu facturer 's it really is!
"Beeperless" remote control. S ugge sted Ret ail: Personal acces s cod e. $109 .95 Remot e turn-on. Personal mem o recor d. Voic e-activated record ing.
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1-800-950-9090
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ITEM NO PRODUCT SHERWOOD Receiver B-882-107672 SHERWOOD Double Deck B-882-107680 B-882-105973 SUZUKI Electronic Guitar GTE Cordless Telephone B-882-107771 AMBICO Stereo Decoder B-882-102624 CODEA-PHONE B-882-106815
OTY
PRICE $129 $198 $99 $59 $49 $59
S/H/I $9.50 $11.00 $9.00 $6.00 $6.00 $5.00
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VIDEO
NEWS
DAVID LACHENBRUCH, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Downsizing 8mm. If you think you've seen Ability to coexist with standard channels on a some miniature VCR's and camcorders, you ain't cable system; seen-nothing-yetr.Sony--vvhich-only-recently - - . Adaptability to future evolutionary picture introduced the 8mm Video Walkman, combining improvements; an LCD-color TV with an 8mm VCR ( Radio Ability to accommodate real-time, live HDTV Electronics, September 1988)--has now programming; developed an 8mm tape-transport mechanism Easy interface with HDTV program-production occupying only one-third the space of original systems; versions. The head drum is only about l.05 Four CD-quality audio channels; inches in diameter-so small that it largely fits Built-in sc rambling syste m; in s ide the cassette when recording or playing. Ability to be delivered to cable systems by One of the secrets of Sony's miniaturization is satellite; cutting the drum size from 40 mm to 26.7 mm. Recordable on VCR's and optical discs. Th ose two cable entities envision "multiThat increases the tape wrap around the drum to 292 degrees from 190 degrees and doubles the standard" TV receivers designed for a "family of number of video heads to four. With that move, HDTV transmissions," from broadcast, cable and Sony obviously hopes to wtn the miniaturization VCR sources. race with the VHS-C format. ( Th e VHS group has already miniaturized the drum, increased the ~ More 35-in Tubes. There's only one place in tape wrap, and doubled the number of heads ). The the world where 35-inch color-picture tubes are VHS-C drum may now be down to its irreducible being manufactured for the global market-and that's the Kyoto, Japan, plant of Mitsubishi minimum. In addition t o reducing the head-drum size, all Electric. That largest mass-produced tube other components in the 8mm deck have been cut (known as 37-inch in countries that use over-all in size and weight. The new mechanical assembly diagonal instead of picture-diagonal is claimed to have one-half the weight ( 6.5 measurement) is made with special glass, in a ounces ), one-third the volume, and one-half the heavily automated plant. The result is a tube thickness of original 8mm mechanisms. Sony is weighing 132 pounds, as compared with 330 pounds, if it were made using materials and offering the new transport to other manufacturers. It should show up in recorders methods used in smaller tubes. Mitsubishi wtll turn out about 130,000 of those giants this year-some time in 1989. some 100,000 going into Mitsubishi sets and the Cabl e and HDTV. Like the broadcasters, rest sold to other TV-set manufacturers, including cable-TV systems are lookin g at the prospects for JVC, Sharp and Zenith. Although the American high-definition TV and will conduct their own picture-tube industry is expanding to produce tests soon. Two major cable entities-American tubes wtth diagonal measurements up to 32 Telecommunications Co. and Home Box Office, inches , none of the U'S. manufacturers plan to C/) both subsidiaries of Time, Ino-c-riave outlined make tubes as big as Mitsubishi's giant. The g z their view of attributes to be considered for a demand for 35-inch tubes is greater than t h e o a: cable HDTV system: supply, and Mitsubishi is expected to increase fo production in 1989. At least 850 lines of horizontal and vertical W -J resolution in both static and moving images; Is anything bigger on the vvay? Sony has W demonstrated a prototype 43- inch Trinitron but o Occupancy of one 6-MHz RF channel ; zs has give n no availability information. Mitsubishi Need for "little or no rebuild" of the typical <: a: cab le system; experimented with a 43-inch tube, but shelved
6
the project when it was determined that a set that big will not fit through the doors of most homes.
Videodisc "Singles." A new lower-cost type of videodisc has been approved by the Laserdisc group in Japan and is being explored in the United States and Europe. The 8-inch, one-sided "single" dis c is made of polycarbonate material instead of the traditional acrylic and provides 20 minutes p laying time. Toda;y's two-sided 8- and 12-inch discs must be pressed in special plantswhere capacity is limited-and consist of two discs glued together. The new singles can be Bigger LCD TV's. Flat-screen TV sets are pressed in many compact-disc plants-that getting bigger. Although few LCD color-TVs toda;y currently have excess capacity-and are are bigger than about 3 inches in diagonal inherently cheaper to produce. The new discs are measurement, they'll be growing soon. Hitachi is selling a 5-inch model in Japan, and Casto plans compatible with all existing laserdisc players and are similar in many respects t o the 5-inch CDto introduce one with a 6-inch screen there this Video disc s that provide up t o six m inutes of year. A 6.3-incher with 300,000-pixel resolution video and 20 minutes of digital audio. It's not is in the works from Hitachi, and both Hitachi known when the new 8-inch video singles will _b "'-e "---_ _ and Casio say they're working on 7-inch models. Hitachi's uses non-interlace scanning for higher available. resolution. They're both said to be due next year. Tubeless Projection TV. Projection Next will come a lO-incher, also from Hitachi. The biggest surprise, however, was Sharp's television could lose its cath ode-r ay tubes and gain a lig ht bulb. Sh ar p has demonstrated a TV demonstration of a 14-inch LCD color-TV with a picture claimed to be comparable to that of a CRT pr oj ector that u ses three 3-in ch liquid-crystal displays as Iigh tvalves-i-one for each primary set-and scheduled for introduction as early as next spring. R-E color-and whose pi cture size is variable from 20
to 100 inches in diagonal measurement. A newly developed 100-watt lamp providing 6,600 lumens of white light is the light source, with a claimed life of more than 2,000 hours. The picture is still rather coarse-92,160 pixels-but the contrast ratio is 100:1. The projector looks more like an old magic lantern than a TV set. Sharp says it will be on the market in Japan next spring. Other companies are also working on three-LCD projection systems and one American company, Comtrex International, is marketing a single-LCD projector at $2,295.
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Your Electronic Specialty Products distributor has a wide selection of 3M Test Clips in quantities from one to 1,000. Test DIP ICs , SOICs , PLCC ICs and LCC ICs. 3M Test Clips make hard-to reach leads accessible. Used for lab and field service, pro totyping , production testing and QA/QC inspection, 3M Test Cli ps are a must for any complete electronics tool kit or ben ch. Every 3M Test Clip is designed for easy, positive attachment on today's high density boards. And we build them with the type of reliability you've come to expect from 3M. For the name of your nearest 3M Test Clip distributor, call toll free 800-321-9668 or (216) 354-2101 in Ohio. Electronic Specialty Products 3M Electronic P rodu cts Division 9325 Progress Parkway Mentor, Ohio 44060
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access the particular cell and make it available for either a read or a write . The time it takes to get from RAS (row add ress strobe) to the po int where data shows up is the "access time, " usually referred to as t RAC in the data books. The data stays valid for a predefined amount of t ime known as t D H (the data ho ld time). Toward the end of that period , the internal latches have to reset themselves to be able to accept the next RAS pulse. That is known as the RAS precharge time (t R P)' and the DRAM won't accept another address until after t R P has passed . If you 're repeated ly accessing memory and you want to do it as fast as possible, the ch ip's access t ime gives you only part of the sto 12
ry. The access time tel ls you how qu ick ly t he data wi ll show up w he n you address t he ch ip but yo u can't get data fro m a d iffe rent add ress unti l t R Phas passed. The minimum amount of t ime t hat has to pass between RAS pulses is t he cyc le time (tRd . Most data sheets will give yo u tRC! but a good rul e of thumb is that:
t RC = tRAC
t OH
t RP
The cycle time is actual ly a littl e less t han t hat since the re are overlaps, but it's close and gives yo u a worst-case figure . If yo u wa nt to learn more about DRAM, check out the " D raw ing Board" series on t hese dev ices t hat started back in May 1987.
Wh at has to be don e to speed up a co m p uter varies f rom machine t o mach in e. Un fortun ately it 's t he subt leties t hat are d iffere nt. The t hi ngs t o watch are ROM spee ds , I/O, and vid eo o n t he hardware side and ti me-sen sit ive BIOS routin es in t he f i rm w are. And ge t your self a co m me nte d BIOS l i stin g si nce journeyin g throu gh th e BIO S without o ne is ju st about impossibl e.
SPARK-GAP CAP? When salvaging components from discarded TV sets, I often run across funny looking components that are noted as "spark-gap capacitors" on the parts list or schematic. I can 't
Netw or ks R1/C1 and R2/C2 are Capristors; safety devices cons isting of a spark gap, h igh -vol tage capacitor, and high-val ue resistor, all in parallel. The Cap ristors p revent shock hazar ds at t he anten na term inals of TV's t hat don't have i so l ati ng - type p o w e r transformers. The capacito rs have a reacta nce of around 18 megohm s at lin e fre que ncies and are, in effect, o pe n circu its. At TV f req ue nc ies, th e capacito rs appear as sho rt ci rcui ts w it h reactances of less tha n 20 o hms acro ss t he VH F band.
Res istors R 1 and R2 protect t he capacitors against b ein g p u nctured by hi gh electrostatic charges t hat may bu ild up on t he anten na d uri ng t h u nder stor ms . Th e resistors pe rm it the charges to leak off to gro u nd -b efo re t hey ca n reach damaging levels. The spark gaps protect th e capacitors against fast-r ise hi gh-vo ltage charges t hat m ay n o t be d isc ha rge d f a st eno ugh t hrough t he resisto rs. The Capris to rs may resembl e a di sc capacitor w it h two sma ll " ho rns" protrud ing fro m t he to p. R-E
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any TV theory and servicing manuals . What are they?-D.H. Vancouver, BC
Spark gaps may be need ed at any number of points in a TV ci rcuit. They protect low-voltage and deli cate compon ents again st damage from high-voltage sur ges and tran sients. They ar e simply two small pointed or rounded elec trodes fixed in position in a ceramic packa gin g, and they frequently resemble a dis c capacito r to th e untrained eye . A voltage su rge or a tran sient voltage that attempts to rise above a safe valu e, arcs acro ss the spark gap's elect ro des, which gu ide the voltage sur ge or tran sient around t he ci rcuit or the comp on en t s be ing protected. You may find spark gaps b etween picture-tube cathod es and ground; to discharge high-voltage picture-tube tran sients and to pre-
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v ent dama ge to o t he r co m po nents. You may f ind th em in co lor ampl ifi er s, hori zontal-d efl ect ion circuits, and very ofte n in th e TVante n na mat chin g and filt er network , as show n in Fig. 2.
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LETTERS
STILL MORE ON THE MACROSCRUBBER I built the Macro-Scrubber that app eared in the Dec ember 1987 issue of Radio-Electronics . It is a - goo d-Eireu it-b ut-it-has-sorne -flaw s that I corrected. . In th e July 1988 issue, a letter f ro m Robert Maslak called out the fact that t he 14 microsecond window of the ori ginal circuit failed to filter out a lot of the Macrovision pul ses. I implemented his circuit fi x and found that it took care of mo st of the problem. However, I wanted to find a further fix that w ou Id take care of the Macrovision puls es at the very beginning of the vertical-blanking interval. That can be done with the addition of a few more parts. Rather than change the c rys tal, as Mr. Maslak suggest s, I chan ged IC4 's count by cutt ing and jumpering to a count of 9. See Fig. 1. The philosophy of operation is based on tri ggering IC13 one shot by a pulse that is at the beginning of th e vertical blanking. Because th er e is no pul se generated at the beginn ing of th e vertical interval, a way t o create one is needed. If the vertical -sync serration pulse (IC6 pin 12)-which occurs 190 microsecond s in to the vertical intervalis used to synch ro nize a free-running pul se-d elay generator, a circuit app ro ach is defined . If the vertical-s ync serration pul se is inverte d and applied to th e reset line of a 4060 (IC12, a bin(f) ary co unte r and oscillator) that is a Z set to the co rrect frequency, then o a: t he t rigg er pul se from IC12 for IC13 fa w ill be at th e right time. Because w IC12 st o ps co u nt i ng during the -l W verti cal-syn c serration-reset pul se, o the co rrect delay from IC12 pin 1 o <l:: a: mu st be 16.2856 milliseconds. That
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translates to an oscillator frequency of125.75 kHz. That oscillator frequency is determined by R25 , R27, and C22. The 4060 gives a precise, repeatable long delay, that would be difficult to get using a one-shot approach . The fixed resistors should be 1% and the capacitors should be NPO ceramic for temperature stability. Circuit adjustment is best accomplished using an oscilloscope. If the pulse from IC13 pin 3 is used to sync the video-out signal (applied to the input of the scope), R25 is adjusted so that the trace just begin s at the vertical-blanking interval. Next , change the scope input to IC13 pin 3, and change R30 until the pul se length is one vertical interval long, that would be .1.33 milliseconds.
That circuit modification is all that is nece ssary to remove all of the Macrovision puls es. Observation with a scope shows a compl ete video "c1eanup"-but the actual viewing on TV passes the " acid test. " JACK SLAGER N . Hollywood, CA THE DEBATE CONCLUDES In a letter to Radio-Electronics (Septemb er 1988), Richard A . Bowen claimed that "If Mr. Mims had hi s way, po ssessin g an o rd inary p en cil would b e ag ainst federal law as it could be used as a weapon to kill. " Go sh, I hope not. All those hand-lettered books I do for Radio Shack are written withyou guessed it-a pencil. I can live with Mr. Bowen 's " pen-
- FO RREST M. MIMS, III
SURROUND SOUND KUDOS I read , with inte rest, t he letter s fro m Mr. Dressler and M r. Wood OurnewMAX 1.3Gfrequency counter -W h ar Ra d i o=E l ect ro n ics-d i d-n ot-- ( Rad io:El ectron ics~J u n e -1 988), con -- - is assmall as a calculator, but-big in te ll its reade rs is t hat b ugg ing a ce rning t he t heory and app l ica performance. This hand-held, batteryroo m wit h a laser can also earn tio ns of sur ro und sound . I am a pow ered counter goes wherever you so meo ne a lon g ja i l te r m an d ret ire d electro nics techni cian, and need accurate, reliable, simple operaheavy fin es. Nor d id Radi o-ElecI have the fi nest aud io and vi deo tion.Andwe'reofferingtheMAX1.3G tronics warn its reade rs t hat it is a co mpo nents. I'v e had access to at our incredibly low catalog pric e of only $199. Our new catalog also offers vio lation of federal law and many severa l h igh -p ri ced 'Commercia l a large selection of electronics testing state law s to even b u ild or po ssess sur ro und-so und decode rs. I also and prototypingequipment atiow an electron ic devi ce w hose sole read yo u r art icle co nce rn ing su rdirect-from-the-factoryprices . . . pro vp u rp ose is eavesdroppi ng . ro und sound (Ap ri l 1988), and built ingyou really can buy the best for l ess! That is t he key poi nt of my p ret he decoder yo u p resente d . Ca ll TOLL-FREE vio us co rres po nde nce . I d on ' t have any p ro bl em wit h articles ab ou t laser eaves dro p p ing; I've (l-800-445-6250in Connecticut) w ritten several myself. I have also To ord er your MAX 1.3G at our low d em on str at ed lase r eavesd rop catalog pric e simply call our toll-free pi ng o n sever al lo cal and nati on al ord er line, mention this ad and have t elevi sion prog ra ms . H ow eve r, I your Vis a or MasterCard ready. Or p art co mpany wit h Radi o-El ecsend your check with the coupon below. t ronic s and Mr. Bowe n w he n t hey There's a lot in our new catalog that end or se t he v io lat io n of fe dera l will interest you. Send the coupon and state laws . EARN YOUR \ ,:,V below and we'll put you on our How wo uld Mr. Bowen react if a ~ mailing list. ._ mdf ..r ..:?z. == cu rio us neigh bo r aimed the Laser Li st en er at hi s be droom? H ow g~ 10-' -:;T~... wo uld Radio-Electronics fee l if I, a \l,. a:;; .......THROUGH HOME STU DY co lumnist fo r Mode rn Electronics, Ca t a log _\~ , aimed it at Radio -Elect ronics' ed iOur New and Highly Effective Advanced-Placement Program for experience d Electronic Techtoria l offices? nicians grants credit for previous Schooling and G r - ;?::=:. I know exact ly w hat I'll do if Professional Experien ce, and can greatly reo Enclosed is my check duce the time required to complete Program and someone aims a Laser Listen er at reach grad uatio n. No residence sch ooling refor the MAX 1.3G. my office ! First I'll pl ace a co rne r quired fo r qualified Electronic Tech nicians . (CT and CA resi de nts includ e stat e sales tax .) Through this Special Program you can pull all of refl ector in t he beam to ove rload o Pleas e se nd me your new the loose ends of yo ur electronics background Global Direct Catalog. t he detector. Then I'll get my in to ge ther and earn your B.S.E.E. Degree. Upgrade you r status and pay to the Engineering frared viewer, sneak up on t he Level. Adva nce Rapidly! Many finish in 12 Name eavesdropper, and zap him w it h a months or less. Students and graduates in aliSO Stat es and throughout the Worl d. Established Company Radio-Elect ro ni cs stun gun. Finally, Ove r 40 Yearsl Write for free Descriptive LitI'll tie up the cu lp rit with my w ireAdd ress erature. wrap too l, stack h im o n a f ire-ant City State Zip mo u nd, and call t he law. If he comes back again, I'll d ust off t he OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING li gh t-seeking rocket I b ui lt back in ~IE 4251 CYPRESS DRIVE 1967 and see if it sti ll wo rks . ~ E JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI 39212
cil-c ide" charge since it's so silly. But in t he remainder of hi s lett er, Mr. Bowe n tota lly misreprese nted some statements I expre ssed in t he November 1987 and May 1988 issues of Radio-Electronics . At issue was the Octobe r 1987 cove r sto ry, "B uild Thi s Laser Listen er." It s lead paragrap h warned that " Break i ng and ente r i ng to p lant a listen ing d evi ce.. .can earn someo ne a lon g jail ter m. " The art icle the n suggested t hat "A bett er and safe r way to bug a ro om is to use a laser beam to eavesdrop o n a window fro m across the street. " Furth ermo re, a headi ng presented th e d evi ce as a means "... to li sten in to anyt h i ng, anyw he re, any t ime ."
Radio-E lectronics does no t e n-
do rse the violation of any federal or state laws. Our rather se nsa tional opening to the Laser Listener story was meant to be taken tongue- in-cheek-anyone who tries to bug a room with a visible laser de serves what he gets! In hindsight we sho uld have been more respo ns ib le. Fortunately, o ur Laser Listene r's sole purpose was no t eavesdropping. Its purpose was to give our readers a way to experiment with co mm unicatio ns by using m odulated ligh t
beams.-Ed itor
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in stru cti on s." ) R-E" wo uld be to use a magnetic If yo u expe rience erratic operaco m pass and f ind out t he co m pass d evi ati on fr om t r ue north f ro m tio n at large values of capacitance, or are unable to successfully cali you r co unty surveyo r, a nauti cal b rat e t he un it b ecause t he f remap, o r at the pu bli c library. The d evi ati on can be eit he r plu s o r qu en cy appea rs to be twice w hat I spec if ied o n t he calib rat io n capacminu s-so yo u have to be su re t o get th at right. it or, th e cu re is to so lde r pin s 5 and 6 of th e LM 311 (8-p in DIP) toget he r. You can also f ind tru e north Pins 5 and 6---intend ed fo r co nusin g a simp lified meth od of th e necti on to an off set- balance poprocess show n in Figu re 1 in Septenti om et er-act as par asiti c in tember 's "Ask R-E" co lum n. Drive a puts if th ey are not used . thin st ick in th e gro und so that it UC METER ENHANCEMENT The so lde ring can be don e o n stands 2 or 3 fee t st raig ht up and Than ks to th e t ho ug htf u lness eit he r th e top o r bottom of t he down. Put a small sto ne to mark and ex pe rtise of one of you r readbo ard , as yo u see f it. Th e probl em t he p oint w he re th e tip of th e seems to occ u r most o n units t hat shadow falls. Wait un til th e shaders, Ken Walter s, an important improvem ent in th e reliability of my have a sock et for the LM311 . All ow moves a co up le of f eet and " UC M et er " (Radio-Electronics, July assemb led units I ship in th e fuplac e ano t he r ston e at th e tip of t u re w ill have th at modi fication. shadow. 1988) was brou ght to my atte nt io n. -eli ne b e- I!d-Ii ke- to- p ass- t hat- i nfo rmat io n - -Tho se-unit s-already-ship ped-oper- - - N ext;-sight-alo ng- t h alon g to ot he r readers. ate up to 68,000 pF, as that is wh at I tween th e two mar ker s, and draw a At lar ge val ues of capacita nce used to calib rate th em. straight line to thepoint wh ere th e (greater than 25,000 pF) errat ic o pNEIL W. HECKT lin e passes clo sest to the stick. A erat io n may result du e to a "s pike" 5211 117th S.. I' lin e f ro m th e base of th e st ick to Bellevu e, WA 98006 th at p oint w ould indicate tru e in th e output wa vefo r m of th e LM311 o scill ator. Mr. Walte rs w as north. smarte r than I in that he read th e ...ON A CLEAR DAY You do need a sunn y day. LM311 appli cati on not es. (As they An even sim pler way of findin g ROY A . NORMAN say, " if all else fail s, read th e tru e north than th at shown in "Ask Brun swick, CA R-E Aft er ma kin g m an y co m pariso ns, I find Radio-Electronics' decod er exce lle nt . My fami ly and f rie nds have tru ly enjoyed the results . I co m pletely agree w it h t he author t hat noi se red uctio n and tim e d elay are not necessary for hom e use. I also li ke havin g th e ability to remove t he 7-k Hz cut off for certai n app licatio ns. WALTER RASKOFSKY Blo om fi eld, N]
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PHONE TOLL FREE 1-800-321-2155/ln Ohio 1-800-523-9109
A CAREER IN ELECTRONICS STARTS WITH CIE.

or the last few years, the elecp RACT ICAL p E R SONAliZE D tronics field and related IndusTRAINING CIE students lea rn TRAINING While some of our tries have been growing at an by doing, using sophisticated elec- students have a working knowincredible pace. And today, a tronic learning tools that we've ledge of electronics others are just career in electronics offers more designed and developed. One getting started . That'swhy we have such tool , our 4K RAM Microproces- 10 career course levels from Basic opportunities and greater rewards to Advanced. They letyou start than ever before. sor Tra ining Laboratory, teaches Just ask any of the many programming interfacing and lets where you want. learn at your own _ gra d u9 tes of the Cleveland Insti-_ _you_work.With_~.broad.range~of_ _pace. And learn as much_as_you tute of Electronics wno nave lanCleCl computers in a way that working like. You can even earn an high-paying positions with aerowith a single, stock computer Associate In Applied Science simply can't. Degree in Electronics. And when space, computer, medical and communications firms. They'll tell We combine that valuable hands- you need help, our trained profesyou success didn't ?ome easy .. : on training with our unique Auto sionals are on h<:Jnd to assist you but that CIE made It all worthwhile. Proqrornmed'tlessons, designed to by phone or mall. teach you step-by-step and prinlearning electronics isn't easy, but getting started is. For .a CIE . ciple-by-principle. The result is PE CIAU ZE D practical training ... the kind of catalog and enrollment tntorrno TRAINING CIE isn't just experience you can put to work in tion, just mail the coupon below. another be-everything-to-everybody the marketplace. Or call toll-free 1-800-321-2155. In correspondence school. We're Ohio, call 1-800-523-9109. accredited by the National Home Study Counci I.And with more than 1100 graduates each year, we're the largest independent home CIRCLE 60 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD study school specializing exclusively in electronics. CIE has been training careerminded students like yourself for over 50 years and Accredited by the Accredltfng Commission of the National Home Study Council, Washington, D.C. we know the business inside and out.
YES! I want to get started. Send me I my CIE school catalog including details I about the Associate Degree program. I
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Some courses feature the elE Microprocessor Training LDboratory, an integral part of compLtters. You'llgain all the txocncot experience needed to work with state-of-the-art equipment of today and tomorrow.
I I L
C IE
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:
1776 East 17th Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114

ARE-101
CLEVELAND INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS
QUI
Command Communications TF500 I Autoswitch
EN
AUTOSWfTCH TFSOO__ ~- --- --- - --- - - - --- - - -- - -
Only one phone line is needed to automatically handle ilfax, a computer,an answering machine, and a conventional telephone.
ADD UP THE MONTHLY C H A RG ES FOR
- - .
all the telephone lines needed for the electronic gadgets used in the modern business office and you 're looking at the reason why many smaller enterprises have avoided fa x machines , computers , and even order-taking recorders. But use a device called a TF500 Autoswitch, from Command Communications, Inc, (8000 E. Girard Ave., Suite 420, Denver, CO 80231) and, as shown in Fig. 1, you need only one telephone line to handle up to three office machines, as well as a telephone and its extensio ns.
A "Black box"
The TF500 Autoswitch, whi ch is hou sed in a cabinet 6.87"W x 2.62"H x 6.37"0 , is compl et el y
automatic-there are no operating co nt ro ls . On the rear apron are five telephone-type modular jacks labeled TELEPH O NE LI NE , PRIM ARY AN SW ER, PHONE, FAX , and AU XILIARY . (The A UXILI A RY connector is usually used for a personal computer.) The front panel has LED indicators labeled ON , PRIMARY A NS W ER, FAX, and AUXILIARY. The primary answer device is assumed to be a conventional telephone-answering machine. The unit actually provides two automatic modes: one for "business hours ," the other for "after hours ," the primary difference being that it is assumed the telephone-answering machine will be turned off during bu sines s hours. During business hours, the autoswitch assumes that the switch-
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ANSWERING MACH INE
ing will be primarily between a telephone and a fax machine; hence, the autoswitch answers the calion the first ring and listens for the 1100-Hz tone that is transmitted by an autodialingfax machine. If it senses the tone, the TFSOO connects the incoming call to the fax machine. If it does not sense the tone, the device rings on tnrough to the local telephone five times. If the phone is not answered the autoswitch automatically switches in the fax, which transmits a "wakeup signal " that activates a non-autodialing originating fax. Since the autoswitch actually answers the phone on the first ring and th en takes a few seconds to decide whether the call is fax or phone , to prevent the caller from holding a " dead line" while the device makes up its mind, the TF500 generates a phantom ringing signal back to the caller. As far as the caller is concerned, he hears the telephone ringing-he does not know that the call has actually been answered. Because of the phantom ringing, the autoswitch is transparent to the user. If a call is answered on the phone, and then it is decided that the caller needs a connection to the fax, or the to computer that is connected to the AU XILI AR Y jack , the call can then be switched manually to the desired equipment by simply entering the appropriate code on the local Touch Tone telephone.
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INCOMING TELEPHONE LINE
~TF500
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TELEPHONE
Direct outgoing
COMPUTEA
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Although the TFSOO switches .incoming calls, local equipment automaticall y se izes the phone line for outgoing calls and prevents interference from the other equipments. For example, if the local telephone goes off-hook, it is automatically connected to the telephone line. Similarly, if either
22
the fax or the computer started, the first one activated seizes the ph one line.
After hours
If an active telep ho ne message mach ine is connected to the PRIMARY ANSWER jack after normal business hours, the caller can use Touch Tones to selectively switch the individual machines . An incoming call automatically trips the message machine be-
cess code, the number of rings (1-4) before the autoswitch answers, the ring count (1-9) into the primary and phone port, the ring count (1-9) into the fax port, the ring count (1-9) into the auxiliary port, and a default to the factory settings. The programmin -g is done through a special connection, and the local Touch-Tone phone that is connected to the PHONE jack . First, the supplied modular cable is con -
nected between the TELEPHONE LINE jack and the PRIMARY jack. Then, aut o switch is plac ed in the programming mode by holding down the # key as the telephone's handset is li fted off-hook . After programming is completed, you exit by pressing the * key. To use the autoswitch with the new coding, you simply reconnect the modular cable -to the telephone jack. R-E
cause it is connected top the r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PRIMARY ANSWER jack. Your message can instruct the user to simply start talking after the beep to leave a voice message, to press 1 to access the fax, or press 2 to access t he com puter:-Since-t he-system-re--Celebrating our 10th Year in U.S.A.. . . sponds to Touch Tones, the caller can, at any time , over-dial an acProven Quality . . . cess code to branch either to the fax or the computer after leaving a Factory Direct Prices! voice-message on the answering machine
-~~-
COS 5100: 100 MHz

3 Channel, 8 Trace P-P level-lock auto-trigger Delayed Sweep
Security
If there is some need for securi_ty the tone codes can be userprogrammed so that only those people authorized to access the fax and computer can do so. For example, the autoswitch can be reprogrammed so that the fax is accessed by the code 1234-rather than a 1, while the computer is accessed by the code 9876--rather than a 2. Also, there is no need to tell authorized persons that machine access is available. The telephone-answering machine can give a conventional"...speak when you hear the beep" message. Seven featu res can be programmed by the user. They are the fax-access code , the auxiliary-ac-
COS 5042TM, 40 MHz
$809.00
COS 5041TM
40 MHz, Delayed Sweep 2 Channel Ch 1 Signal Output
$709.00
COS 5021TM
20 MHz, Delayed Sweep 2 Channel Ch 1 Signal Output
COS 5060TM
3 Channel, 8 Trace P-P level -lock auto-trigger Delayed Sweep
$529.00
255 Frequency Counter: 150 MHz $299.00
COS 5040TM 40 MHz

2 Channel CH 1 Signal Output
$959.00
FC01130 Frequency Counter: 1GHz $739.00 6770 Wow and Flutter Meter $949.00 6701 Wow and Flutter Meter $999.00
$659.00
COS 5020TM
20 MHz 2 Channel CH 1 Signal Output
$449.00
Add $15 per unit shipping and handlinq.
z
(213) 371-4662
Coll ect CA & AK
(800) 545-8784
Local Service Centers Nationwide
Copyright Kikusui International Corp, 1988
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NEW PRODUCTS
Th e t op-of- th e-Iin e Flu ke 87's analog di spl ay is a high-resolution pointer that is updated 40 t imes per seco nd . It can be back lit and h as a u se r- sel ect abl e 41h-di gi t (20,000 count) mode, in addition t o th e 3%-d ig it (4000 count) d igital di splay. A t r ue RMS multim eter, th e -87- ii lso fe at ures a Peak MIN MAX recordin g mode that is id eal for capturin g t ransie nt events to 1 m s, or sin ewave -p lus or -rni n us peaks t o 400 Hz . Th e analog di spla y o n th e Fluk e 83 and 85 is a bar graph w ith zoom mode. The 83 has an AC-voltage respon se specifi ed to 5 kHz, and DC-voltage accuracy within 0.3%. The Fluke 85 and 87 are even more accurate, exte nd ing AC vo ltage to 20 kHz and DC- voltage accuracy to with in 0.1%. A ll three 80 Series multi met er s are EMI sh ie lded , ove r lo ad protect ed to 1000 vol ts in the resistan ce- and diode-t est mod es, and have patent-pendin g protecti on circuitry. Each co mes in a carryin g case with a protective hol ster that includes a fl exibl e-rubber st and. Th at stand all ows th e met er to b e hung fro m pipes o r do ors , or used as a no rm al tilt sta nd . The y carry a three-year w arranty. Th e sugges ted li st pri ces for the Fluke 83, 85, and 87, respectivel y, a re $189 . 0 0, $2 19 . 0 0, a n d $259.00.- John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc., P.O. Bo x C9090, Eve rett, WA 98206; 800-443-5853, ext. 33.
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HAN DH ELD MU LTIMETERS . Fluk e's 80 Series co m p rises th ree m od el s of lo w -co st , hi gh -p erfo rm an c e , 3%-d ig it, sea led, h andheld m ul ti m et er s. In additio n to th e sta n da rd d ig ital -m u lt i me te r f unctions, each offe rs a pow er fu l combin ati on of m e asur e m e n t f u nc tio ns- i ncl u d i ng f re q ue ncy, du t y cycle, capac ita nce, and si multan eou s m in imum/maximum / average reco rding-and safety fea tu res, suc h as M IN MAX alert, an d Inpu t A le rt. A ll m od el s-83, 85, and 87-feat u re a relat ive (ze ro) mod e, as w ell as Tou ch Hold capabili ty th at beeps w he n it senses
a stab le readin g and locks it o n th e d i spl ay f o r co nve n ie n t vi ewin g after th e tes t leads are rem oved. Th e minimum /m aximum /average reco rdin g mod e mak es th e 80 Series we ll- suited fo r findin g intermi tt en t fail u res and interfer en ce, and t he audibl e M IN M AX Al ert pinpo ints interm ittent failures by sig na l li ng the use r wit h a sho rt beep o n ly w he n a new minimum o r maximum valu e has b een reco rde d . Th e Input Al ert wa rns t he use r wh en t he lead s are c on nected to th e curre nt jack w hile th e m et er .is selected for voltage or resista nce.
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PERSONAL SYNTHESIZER . Breakaway M usic Systems bri ngs new m eani ng to the concept of a "o ne - ma n ba n d " w i t h t he Vocal ize r 1000. Simp ly by hummin g in t o t he p erso nal voca l synthes ize r, yo u can co nve rt t he pitch of yo u r voice into yo ur cho ice of mu sical-in st rum en t so u n ds- no mu sical ab i lity i s re q u ired. A n d ,
wi th t he un it 's b uilt-in multi-track d igital recorder, yo u ca n reco rd o ne part at a t ime and add t hem to t he p rov id ed d r u m r hy t h ms to co mpose a full so ng . Th e " u se r- f r i e n d ly " Voca l ize r 1000 is co ntro lled entirely by t he human voi ce ; it has no keyb oard . An i nteract ive d em on strati on is built in to t he unit, and sim p le in-
str uct ions ap pea r o n th e LCD scree n to pr ompt yo u at each ste p. T he versati le sy n t h e size r let s yo u choose from 28 mu sical in stru m en t s, includin g elect r ic pi ano , slap-bass guita r, flu t e, saxo p ho ne, trump et, vi olin , be lls , o r stee l drum . Sp eci al effects such as harmony, sli d e, choru s, and echo add dimen sion to your music. If you
w are p ac ka g e fro m Co m p uter
Aided Instruction al Systems . The

fast, expa ndab le, unp rot ect ed syste m re q ui res 48K and o ne di sk drive, and is co m pati b le with t he App le II co mp uter fam ily. Des ig ne d fo r anyo ne w ho requires a basic, in exp en sive, and fl e x i b l e dr awin g sys te m, Mi crodesign er ca n b e u sed t o draw, pl ot , w rite text, print, erase, and cre ate com p ute r circles. Hun dred s of t echni cal sy m bo ls and sha pes, pre-drawn by co m p ute r,
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pl aya mu sical in strum ent, yo u can get even more o ut of th e Vocaliz er 1000 th rou gh it s aud io inp ut. It s MIDI capab ilit ies allo w t he unit to be co n nec te d to professional keyboard synt hesize rs. In additi on, a full rang e of pr e__ WQgram me d songs to iarn alon g_ to- cal le d S ma rts o ngs-a re inc l u de d . (Additi onal plu g-in Sma rt son gs cart r idges are avai labl e separate ly.) Smartso ngs sty les includ e var iat io ns of ro ck , so ul, jazz , Latin , blu es, re ggae ,' and co u n t ry . " Vo ice- G u i de " tec h nolo gy helps yo u hum notes that are in tun e w ith th e back ground Smartso ngs mu sic. The co mpact unit w eigh s abo ut t hre e pound s, including batteri es. It is powered by six C-size d batteries, or by a hous eh old-current adapto r. Th e Vocaliz er 1000 has a sug ge ste d retail pric e of $299 .99.Breakaway Mu sic Systems , 1900 No rfolk Avenu e, Su ite 340, San Mateo , CA 94403. DRAWING SOFTWARE. Drawi ng circui t schemat ics, circu it board s, rob oti c syste ms, and f loo r pl ans is easy wi th th e Microd esign er soft-
are included. Graphics can easily be saved and recall ed. Symbo ls can be rapidly rotated and positi on ed on th e screen by usin g eit he r keyb oard or exte rn al co n tro l lers . Th e Koa la Pad , joysti ck, or game paddl es may be used as in exp en sive and effective co nt ro llers. Microdesign er , i n cl u d i ng an easy-to -use keyboard-m enu card , co mp lete ,user's manu al, and on e 5Y4-in ch di skette, sells for $59.95 softcover, o r $69.95 hardcover.-
Mod,I2125Oscilloscop,
Mod,I1249 NTSC/RGBColorBar
Same great featuresas2120, except withdelayed
G enel1ltor . Co mpositeVide o
Ou tput, RFOut put R,g, S49 9 5419 40
4DTHANNIVEIUARY' RIC E
Mod,I20DS RFSignal Generalor 100 KHzto 150 MHz, in 6
Mod,I16D1DCPowerSupply
fundame ntalbandsand450 MHz
isolated0-50V, 0-2Ain ran ges, fully automa tic shutdown, Adj.
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Mod,I2D09 MTSTVSlereo
~,~a's~~~ics
5165. 4 0
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4ITHANNIVER "'RY PRICE
Mod,I1541A Dscilloscop, OCto 40 MHz , DualTrace , 6" CRT t mv
G eneratorIdeal for StereoTV, Receivers, VCR 's and Stereo
Mod el 3011 Function Generator 2 MHz, 4 digit display, TTL &
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range, Low ripple
R,g 5251
9 . 40
Mod,I165D Tripi, OulputPower Supplytwo 0-25 voc @ ,5A and 5VDC @ SA,fully automatic 5409.40
4DTH AN NlVERURY PRICE
4GTH ANNIVERSARYPRI CE
40THANNIVERSA RY' RI CE
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Mod,I 283D3'/2 DIGITLEO BENCH Mullim,ler .5 DCV
Mod,I1630 DCPowerSupply 0-30V , 0-3A,high-low current 5209. 4 0
Mod,I216D Oscilloscop , DC -
60MHz, dual trac e,delaysweep, 6~ CR T.1mv . sensitivity

R,g S995 5839. 4 0
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Accuracy,ALL 33 Ranges and n F unctions arePush Butto
Mod,I1653 ACPow er Supply variableisolated 0-150VAC @
2A, built-in isolationtransformer

R, g S200 5169. 4 0
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5209. 4 0
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Mod,I1D4ST,l ,phone Produc t
Mod,I 252DOigilal Storag,
20M Hz , Dual T race, 2m v Sens.

R,g. S1990 51795. 4 0
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Tester Provides Ba sic Operation rdless T ests for Corded and Co T elephones, AnsweringMachmes and AutomaticDialers
R,gS495 5415. 4 0
4D THANNIVERSARY ' RICE
NEW! Model 388-HD Hand-held 31/2 Digit LCD TEST BENCH

41 voltage ranges, frequen cy counter, ca pacitance meter , logic probe, transistorand diode tester. A ll packed into adropresistant case, SPECIAL PRICE! Reg. $1 39 5119. 40
Mod,I 2521 Digilal Storage
20MHz, Dual Tr ace CRT Readout, Cursors, RS232 Interface

Reg S3050 52745. 4 0
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Mod el 180 3 Frequ encyCounter , zero 100MHz , 8 digit display blanking AC or Battery Reg . $199
4DTHANNIVERURY ,RICE
'169.40
We are celebrating our 40th Anniversary by offering you huge savings on B&K Test Equipment.
~-- - - - I Send tor FREE 480 page " Ind ust ria l
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----- 8830 N , M I'lwQ ukee Ave "

Card No , Nome
JOSEPH ELECTRONICS, INC. De p t , R

Nile s, IL60648
CIRClE 12 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
I I I I I
Products C a ta log:' I understand it is FREEw it h any ord er or if reque ste d
o n c o mpa ny let terhea d. (Ot herw ise. $4.95 to c over c a ta log an d shipp ing cost s.)
ORDER TOLL fREE
0 Rushmerchandise per at ta c hed orde r. I understa nd rated accounts a re shipped open a c c ou nt ; otherw ise sand per c red it ca rd. Inc lud e $5,00 per ite m for ship p ing and ha ndling ,
1-800-323-5925
IN ILUNOl5
0 Visa 0 Master Card 0 Discover 0 Check 0 Mo ne y O rder 0 Rush Catalog

Exp , Date
312-297-4200 FAX: 312-297-6923
I~---...-L~
Cl-CW' t1U'V,W."
I!I1h
- --- - - -
---- City Sta te
I I~ Im s:: --I ~:o ==:: -:-- - - - - - - - - - - - 1 ~ ..J 25

Z
Company
Street Addre ss
Put Professional Knowledge and a
COLLEGE DEGREE
in your Technical
Computer Aided Instructional Systems , Box 177, Bldg. 5 , Service Drive, Holly, MI 48442 .
HOME
STUDY
Add prestige and earning power to your technical career by earning your Associate or Bachelor degree through directed home study. Grantham College of Engineering awards accredited degrees in electronics and computers. An important part of being prepared to move up is holding the right college degree, and the absolutely necessary part is knowing your field. Grantham can help you both ways-to learn more and to earn your degree in the process. Grantham offers two degree programs-one with major emphasis in electronics, the other with major emphasis in computers. Associate and bachelor degrees are awarded in each program, and both programs are available completely by correspondence. No commuting to class. Study at your own pace, while continuing on your present job. Learn from easy-to-understand lessons, with help from your Grantham instructors when you need it.
Write for our free catalog (see address below) or telephone us at (213) 493-4423 (no collect calls) and ask for our "degree catalog."
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GRAY LINE SOFTWARE . MFj's MFj-1286 Gray Line OX Advantage/ Terminator displays a detailed world map on IBM PC's and compatibles. It shows the moving Gray Line-the day/night dividing line-and the position of the sun over Earth. The MFj-1286 can be customized to display any 24 locations and the correct 12- or 24-hour time at each. Once started, it tracks Earth's
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Accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the National Home Study Council
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GRANTHAM
College of Engineering 10570 Humbolt Street Los Alamitos, CA 90720
is c:
26
A remarkable lIa/ue
:.;a..... ~I-"+-- TV SYNC FILTER
:\.,M~~-
DELAYED AND SINGLE SWEEP MODES
f/i4!J!J95
MODEL 2000 $389.95
20 MH z DUAL TRACE OSC ILLOSCOPE
Model 2000 makes frequency calcu lation andphasemeas urement qu ickandeasy . The compo nent tes ter . Service aids in fasttroubleshooting tech nicia ns app reciate the TV Sync circ uits for viewing TV-V and TVH and accurate synchronization of thevideosignal, Blanking, VITS, and V/H syncpulses.
Wide bandwidthand exceptional 1mV/DIV sensitivity makethe Mode l 3500 a powerfu ldiagnostic tool forengineersortechnicians at a remarkable price. Delayed trigge ring allowsany portion of a waveform to be isolated and expanded for closer inspectio n. Variable Holdan allow s stable viewi ng of complex wavefo rms.
EXCEPTIONALLY BRIGHT 5" CRT X"Y OPERATION
DMM300
3.5 DI GIT DMMIM ULTITESTER
$79.95
This full function 3.5 digit DMM offers highly acc urate performance and a host of added features like audible continuity, capacitance, transistor, temperature, and conductance to help you do the job- fast. Temp erature probe. test leads and batte ry included .
*
*
* *
Basic DC accuracy: plus/minus 0.25% DC voltage: 200 mv-1 OOOV. 5 ranges AC voltage: 200 mv-7 50V. 5 ranges
Resistance : 200 ohms-20M ohms, 6 ranges
Capacitance: 2000pf-20 iLf. 3 range s Transistor Tester: OO -2000F * Conductance: 200n5 * Fully overload protected * Input impeda nc e: 10M ohm.
* x -v cpereuon ' 110/220 volts
* Exceptionally bright5"CRT Built-incompone nttester * TV Syncfilter
DMM100
3.5 DI GIT POCKET SIZE DM M
Perfect for the field service technician. Shirt pocket size without compromising features or accuracy. Large, easy to read '12 " LCD display. Fully overioad protec ted for safety. 2000 hour batte ry life with sta ndard 9v cell. Probes and batter y included.
DMM200
$49.95
3.5 DIGIT FULL FUNC TION DMM

Get highly accurateperformanceat a very affordable price. Rugged construction, 20 amp curre nt capability and 22 ranges make it a perfect choice for serious field or bench work. Low batte ry indicato r andtl lt-stand. Probesand 2000 hour batt ery included . Basic DC accuracy: plus or minus 0.25% DC voltage : 200 mv- 1000V. 5 ranges AC voilage : 200 mv-750V. 5 ranges Resistance: 200 ohms-20M ohms. 6 ranges ACmC curre nt: 200I1A-20A. 6 ranges Input impedance : 10M ohm Fully overloa d protected Approx . r x 3 12 " x 1'12 " . WI. 11ozs. '
*
*
* *
Basic DC accuracy: plus/minus 0.5% DC vo ltage : 2v-1000v. 4 ranges AC vo ltage: 200v-750v. 2 ranges Resistance: 2k ohms-2 M ohms, 4 ranges DC curre nt: 2mA-2A. 4 ranges Inpuf impedance : 10M ohm Fully overload protected Approx . 5" x 3" x 1". Under 7 ozs.
DPM1000
3.5 DI GIT PR OBE TYPE DMM
* i! YEAR REPLACEMENT WARRANTY

* 30 DAYMONEY BACK GUARANTEE * TOLL FREE TECHNICAL !!iUPPORT
* NEXT DA YAIR !!iHIP AVAILABLE
movement, showing t he Gray Line and sun pos it io ns c hanging as time passes. The high-speed dis play mode permits users to set any date and time, and watch so lar / Gray Line po sitions cha nge in in crements of 2 minutes , 6 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, or 1 week . The Gray Line OX Adva ntagelTerminator works wit h virtua lly al l graphics cards, i n cl udin g composite, Hercu les, CGA, and EGA. It can be run alo ne, o r memo ry res ident w ith other software . It comes with a land-m ass map, a lat it ud e/ lo ngit ud e map, and a map that d isplays the 24 t ime-zo ne d iv isions . CGA works with t he land mass map, and al lows user s to send th e d isp lay to a p rinte r. The MFJ-1286 Gray Lin e OX Advan tag e 7T e r m t n a to r cos t s . O. $29.95.-MFJ Enterpr ises Inc., P Box 494, Miss issippi State, MS 39762.
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Micro-Processor Control
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SMT TRIALS KIT. The SM T-K1, kit from OK Ind ustries, ena b les those who wo rk w ith su rface -mo unte d devices to eva luate, p ract ice, o r
learn SMT assemb ly, pr odu cti on , or rew or k tec h ni ques . The kit includes a f ull range of surface-mo unte d co mpo ne nts, incl u d i ng ca pac ito rs, tra ns is to rs, PL CC's, and 100-p in gull-wing flat packs . Th e SMT-K1 also co nta ins a t rial boa rd d esign ed to accom mo date t he w ide variety of co m po - n-e nt s:-The boa rd and-c -o -m p-C fne nts come in a co nd uctive tray to p revent static and p rovid e sto rage. The suggested li st pri ce fo r th e SM T-K1 kit is $64.95.- 0K Industr ies Inc., 4 Exec utive Plaza , Yonkers, NY 10701 ; 800-523-0667. AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROLLER. C & 5 Electronics Leveller modul e auto matical ly main t ain s th e vo lume level of amate ur, CB, mari ne rad ios, and scanners . It keeps t he vo lume co nsta nt , regardl ess of inco m ing-sig nal strength.
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Whe n usi ng t he Leveller , the receiver's vo lume level remains in depende nt. The use r sets t he vo lume to a co mfortab le level , and the Leveller lo cks in that setti ng . The mo dul e draws less t han 10 mAo W ith on ly t hree wi res to co nnect , insta llation is very si m p le. The modu le, measur ing on ly1Y4 x 1Y2 x Y2 inches, can be secured in to any available space in side t he set. Ad hesive foam backi ng is supp lied for moun tin g t he mod ule. The Leveller costs $24.95.- C & S Electronics, P. O . Box 2142, N o rwalk, CT 06852. R-E
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HARDWARE HACI{ER
A cheap color fuser
I HAVE FO UND SEV ERAL ADD IT IO NAL
A cheap color fuser mod Omnicrom and Kroy Kolor More on the $10 NaviCube Television on a RGB monitor Industrial and trade resources
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so u rces fo r th e low- co st t el eph on e-couplin g t ransformers t hat will be need ed fo r th e data-access arrangem en t circ ui ts w e looked at a few co lum ns back . In parti cul ar, che ck o ut t he TXTS transform er fro m A ll Electron ics at $2.50 each, o r any of b unches of di ff er ent offe rings fro m th e PREM M agn eti cs fo lks. A n ew tran sfo rm erl e ss t el eph on e interface did app ear wa y back in t he O ctober 1981 issue of QST. The ci rcuit shown was rat her compl ex. It also had to be custo madju st ed to suit each individu al ph on e lin e. So me d etail s o n an all -Canadian approach to our $10 Navi cube are available fro m Richard Langley of the Geodeti c Research Lab oratory. Th ey also have some publicati on s o n n avi ga ti on sate l li teposit ionin g syste ms availab le for yo u. Apparently t he all tim e numero un o sup er w hiz ban g exp ert of t he earlie r Navi cube st uff is o ne Dou g Garne r at NASA . Check o ut all hi s sup er b co ns t r uc t io n pro ject s in Spor t Aviatio n magazin e, starti ng in th e late 1970's. Of all of th e Hardware Hacker topi cs eve r, th e $10 Navi cub e stuff s u re pr odu c e d t he g reatest numbe r of t he mo st inte rest ing ph on e calls and letter s fro m some of th e m o st c reat ive h ack er s aro u nd . More on t he Navic ube d rama as it un fol d s. As per usual, t his is yo ur co lu mn and yo u can get tech hel p and offth e-w all netw o rkin g by way of t hat N eed H elp ? box. Please also note th e Nam es an d Numbers sidebar
Heat and pressure fuses ink to re-melted toner Omnicrom ink and carrier Omnicrom ink opaque negative
Toner original
Inkcoated toner original
FIG. 1-THE OMNICROM PROCESS rapidly converts any toner-based copier or laserprinted image into full color in any of dozens of metallic, matte, or special-effect shades . Kroy Sign Systems now licenses the British Omnicrom process under the US tradename of Kroy Kolor.
t hat shows wh ere you can go for more in form ati on on t he sou rces menti on ed . Thi s month, w e'll look at som e grap h ic-art electro nic s...
Omnicrom and Kroy Kolor

For years, I'v e had a back-burn er p ro ject go ing . Th e id ea was t o take an o rdinary Xerox copy and run it t h ro ug h a magi c machin e wh ere real in k w ould so me ho w stic k only w here t he t on er existe d . O bvi ou s uses wo uld be to get t ruly den se blacks, to be ab le t o create " Iit ho" -q ual ity ima ges for
NEED HELP?
Phone or write your Hardware Hacker questions directly to: Don Lancaster Synergtics Box 809 Thatcher, AZ 85552 (602) 428-4073
prin ted circui t s, over heads, or for electro nics artwo rk, to gain to tal col or opti on s, and to provid e a durable " raised ink" thermography pr o c e ss , fo r l ett erh e ad s, f o r custom bu sin ess cards and even fo r use wh en p rintin g in Braill e. It turned o ut that an Engli sh o ut fit by t he name of Omnicrom beat me to t he pun ch. As Fig. 1 show s u s, Omnicrom r ea son ed th at to ner w as reall y a mi xture of black stuff and hot glue. You co uld thin k of a co py as a pi ece of pap er tha t had hot gl ue sele ct ive ly pl aced on ly w here yo u wa nte d it. By pu ttin g a d ry-in k based carrie r in co ntac t w it h th e Xerox co py and applyin g heat and pressure , th e to ner wo u ld rem elt and gra b t he dry in k off t he carrier sheet. Presto: The in stant co nve rsio n of copie r o r laser-printed outpu t in to b rilli ant m et alli cs o r bri gh t m att e s, si lve rs , go l ds, a so l i d bl ack , and e ve n so me p earl effects.
1 - Canon F21680 Fusion machine using a FH1-0576-01 temperature pc card. Mise: 25K linear volume control 150K, 1/2 watt resistor Oialplate decal Oialplate decal overlay Push-on knob with pointer 12 inches of red solid #22 hookup wire; 12 inches of similar green wire ; 12 inches of similar black wire; 8 inches of solder; two 3/8 inch volume control nuts; 1 flat volume control washer; 1 internal tooth volume control lockwasher. One source of the Canon fusion machines, parts kits, and modified and tested units is Arlin Shepard at Lazer Products, 12741 E. Kaley Avenue, Suite #130, Englewood CO, 80111. (303) 792 5277.
also b ecom e an " insta nt negati ve," usefu l fo r suc h t hi ngs as over head t ransparenci es. If yo u wa nt ed to, yo u co u ld even reu se any rem ain ing port io n of any carrie r as often as yo u li ked . But t he re w er e se r io us problem s. The Omni crom peopl e w ere Bri ti sh and m onum en t al ly mi sman aged all of t hei r mar ket in g eff o rts in " t he co lo n ies." Thei r ear( ) ()
ly materi als w er en 't all t hat reliab le. Worst of all , th ey saw nothin g un con scion abl e about the charging of ove r $1400 for a " f usio n mach ine" that was noth ing bu t a pair of wa rm ro lle rs t hat t urne d. A few years ago , the Kroy Kolo r peopl e d id becom e an O m nicrom li censee and t he n dramati call y imp rov ed all t he mat erial s, ad d ed m or e co lo rs and optio ns , an d
Verify that the unit to be modified is in fact 'a Canon F21680 machine and then unplug the line cord from the AC outlet. Remove the center lid by raising the green handle and removing the two black screws at the rear and the two silver screws on the inside. Be gentle!
Note:
( ) Remove the right cover by removing the two silver screws at the rear, the black screw at the right bottom, and the black screw at the front bottom. Again, be gentlel ( ) Cover the temperature decal with a similar sized clear selt-stick overlay. Neatly trim the decal to just outside the black border. ( ) Clean the front of the right cover and apply the temperature decal so it is 3 /8 of an inch in in and 3/8 of an inch up from the lower lefthand corner. (See Figure five) ( ) Orill a 13/32 inch hole at the crosshairs on the temperature decal. This is easiest to do with a Vise Grip UNIBIT , but a pilot hole and reamer can be used instead. Deburr the hole. ( ) Mount the volume control in the hole. Use a nut and lockwasher behind the panel and a nut and flat washer in front of the panel, adjusting for the flushest possible mounting. ( ) Solder the 150K resistor to the center lug of the volume control, keeping the lead both reasonably short and mechanically strong. (See Figure six) ( ) Form a loop in the free end of the resistor and trim the lead. Strip 1/4 inch off of both ends of the green wire and solder one end to this resistor loop. ( ~ ee Figure six) ( ) Strip 1/4 inch off both ends of the black wire and solder it to the leftmost lug of the volume control when viewed from the rear bottom. (See Figure six) ( ) Strip 1/4 inch off both ends of the red wire and solder it to the rightmost lug of the volume control when viewed from the rear bottom. (See Figure six)
FIG. 2-THE PARTS REQUIRED to modify a Canon F2160 fusion machine for variable -temperature operation.
Alo ng w it h a uniqu e shi ny highgloss varn ish o r even true lamin ating fo r scuff-resi sta nt menu s o r book cove rs. As a bonu s, th e carrier sheet can
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( ) Tw ist all three wires tightly together for all but the last inch of their length. ( ) Unplug the black and white motor connector from the innermost circuit board. Unplug the two heavy red wires from the motor speed sensing power resistor. ( ) Remove the three large Phillips screws that hold the circuit boards in place. You may have to restrain the white circuit board spacers to keep them from turning when you do this. ( ) Slide the two circuit boards out where you can work on them. You may have to work up some slack in the yellow thermistor wires. Unplug the five 'pin black and blue connector. ( ) Verify that the yellow thermistor wires go to a FH1-057601 printed circuit board. ( ) Route the twisted black, red, and green wire between the motor starting capacitor and the motor control power triac. Then route it along the yellow wire, through the small hole, and over to the FH10576-01 printed circuit board. ( ) Loop and solder the black wire to the inside end of diode 0303. (See Figure six)
UNLOCKED SOFTWARE
PostScript Show & Tell (lie/Mac/PC) Intro to Postscript VHS Video PostScript Perspective Draw PostScript Printed Circuits PostScript Technical Illustrations Postscript BBS stuff Absolute Reset lie & lie Applewriter/Laserwriter Utilities Apple RamCard Disassembly Script Enhance I or II Companion Disk Applewrlter CB or Assy CB Disk
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39.50 39.50 39.50 39.50 39.50 19.50 19.50 49.50 24.50 19.50 24.50
( ) Loop and solder the green wire to the outside end of resistor R307. ( ) Loop and solder the red wire to the outside end of diode 0 304. ( ) Replace both circuit boards, the three large Phillips screws, the black and white motor connector, the two red power resistor wires, and the blue 5 pin connector. Redress the yellow thermistor leads back the way they were. ( ) Verify that the right cover can go back on without pinching any wires and that there are no wires anywhere near the large gear or other moving parts. ( ) Verify that all connectors and wires are now secure. ( ) Replace the right cover and the lid using the original screws. ( ) Press the knob onto the volume control shaft, being certain that the pointer points straight up to NORMAL when at the center of its rotation range. ( ) Refer to the text for the checkout procedure.
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FIG. 3-A SURPLUS CANON FUSION MACHINE can replace an Omnicrom or Kroy Kolor machine at a tiny fraction of the cost, after this 60-cent modification is made.
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NAMES AND NUMBERS All Electronics Corp Kroy Kolor PO Box 567 14555 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, AZ 85260 Van Nuys, CA 91408 (800) 826-5432 (602) 9511 593 Avantek Lazer Products 31 75 Bowers Avenue 12741 E. Kaley Ave. , S130 Santa Clara, CA 95054 Englewood, CO 8011 1 (408) 727-0700 (303) 792-5277 Computer Shopper McMaster-Carr Box F Box 54960 Titusville, FL 32781 Los Angeles, CA 90054 (213) 692-5911 (305) 269-3211 Doug Garner MuRata-Erie NASA Langley MS 471 2200 Lake Park Drive Hampton, VA 23665 Smyrna, GA 30080 (404) 436-1300 (804) 827-3321 Geodetic Research Laboratory National Semiconductor University of New Brunswick 2900 Semiconductor Drive PO Box 4400 Santa Clara, CA 95052 - Fredericton;-NB-E3B-5A3 - - - - - -(408ty21-5000 - - - (506) 453-4698 NEC Electronics W.W. Granger 401 Ellis Street 5959 West Howard Street Mountain View, CA 94039 Chicago, IL 60648 (415) 960-6000 (312) 647-8900 Nuts & Volts Box 1111 Placentia, CA 92670 (714) 632-7721 Omnicrom Tonge Bridge Way Bolton, Lancashire BL2 6BD UNITED KINGDOM 0204392050 PREM Magnetics 3521 N. Chapel Hill Road McHenry, IL 60050 (815) 385-2700 Small Parts 6891 NE Third Avenue Miami, FL 33138 (305) 751 0856 Unitrode 7 Continental Blvd. Merrimack, NH 03054(603) 424-2410 United States Plastic Corp 1390 Neubrecht Road Lima, OH 45801 (408) 559-7778
TEMPERATURE
normal
cool

hot
fo re so me ge n ui ne comp et iti on can drive t he end-user costs down to th e ni ckel- a-sheet mass mar ket range wh er e th ey belon g. Kroy Ko lo r is a fan tastica lly great pr odu ct w he n and w here its sixty cen ts or so p er sheet cost can be ju st ifi ed . This produ ct to tally revolu t ionizes wh at yo u can do w it h a co pier or a laser p rin t er. Th e sad th ing is t hat it co u ld do so much more if only it we re sanely pri ced. M eanwhil e, t ho ug h , th e qu est goes o n for...
FIG. 4-FU LL-SIZE ARTWORK for t he front-panel decal.
A cheap Omnicrom f user

You do not need $1400 to use O m nicrom or Kroy Ko lor. A ll yo u need is heat and press ure .
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m ad e t hem much eas ie r to get. Th ey also improved and modestly low ered t he selling p rice of t he f usio n mach in es. You can get severa l no- ch arge evaluat io n samples ju st by call ing Rand y Bail ey ove r at Kro y. Th ey also do have lot s of sig n-b uild ing accessory kits and heavi er pr in tin g stocks . But , judgi ng fro m t he Perrier in al l of t he i r corporate bi rdbat hs, Kroy appears to be a co mpany of, by, and for Yu p pies . " Lo w -e n d use r co st" ju st is not p resently in th eir vo cab ul ary. If yo u do not own a BMW, t hey do not appear to wa nt you as a custo me r. So, it m ight still t ake a wh il e be-
For in stan ce, a pl ain o ld iron and a mu slin pressin g cloth will do th e job ju st fin e. You can also use t he existi ng fu sion ro lle rs in sid e yo u r laser printe r o r co pie r, by makin g a seco nd pass w hi le hand-feedin g a bl an k p age . Th e pro cess wo r ks b est with the metalli c co lo rs; but yo u mi ght occasion all y get a mi sfee d, wrin kles , o r d ropou ts. A fe w of the new est co pie rs are set up t o directly use Kroy Kol or.. On e trick that works well and dram ati call y d rop s th e pri ce is to use spot color. For in stan ce, on a letterh ead , yo u tap e a small pi ece of Kroy Kol or app lie d only to th e logo and then run it back throu gh t he printer. Be su re to use a ve ry
on-off switch
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FIG. 5-POSITION THE DECAL exactly as shown here onto the front skirt of the right cover. A 13f32-inch hole is then drilled at the cross hairs.
yellow wires from thermistor
FH 0576 01
fusion board 25K linear potentiometer
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green twist wires tightly together
150K, 1/2 walt resistor (brown-qreen-yellow)
FIG.&-THE PICTORIAI.-DIAGRAM.for.the-Canon -fuse r.unitmodification._The mod ification costs around 60 cents and can be done in twenty minutes.
low-tack tape, suc h as th e Scotc h Post-I t Cove r Up T ap e, availab le at you r loc al office sup p ly. But t he re is a better way. It turn s o ut th ere is a wo nd ro usly biza rre machi ne wid ely availab le to day o n th e su rp lus mark et calle d a F21680 Cano n Fuser Uni t. No body (espec ially all of th ose Canon d eal ers! ) h ad eve n t he slig hte st idea w hat those machin es w ere for o r how to use th em , so th ey w er e all dumped at fire-sale prices. Rumo r has it that th e machine s w ere so me how involved in makin g co l o r o v e r h ea d tr an sparenci es. At any rate , the o n ly differen ce between a real Omnicrom fu sion machine and a Canon fu ser uni t is around 5 :1 in cost and th e fact that th e stoc k Cano n f use r m ach in e was set to a fixe d and so me w hat lower temp erature. Fortun ately, sixty ce nts w o rth of part s and tw enty minutes w ork will co nve rt t he Can on un it i n to a' beast th at act ually will o utpe rfo rm th e Omni crom machine and do so at a tin y fract io n of th e cost . That su pe r- r ugge d Canon un it gives bett er results beca use of a slo we r fee di ng speed an d so me self-clea ning roll er-wip er pads. It work s especia lly we ll wi t h t he SX ton er cart ridges, suc h as from an Apple LaserWriter NT or NTX. The o n ly li ttl e probl em I have found with th e modifi ed unit i s th at you have to trim your laminatin g film to a maximum wid th of
8-1/2 inches. Kroy's Colo r Plus machi ne shares that same probl em . Figure 2 sho ws yo u a parts li st for t hat modifi cati on . Figure 3 gives yo u d etailed in structi on s. Figure 4 is a full- size repli ca of th e new di al d ecal , while Fig. 5 shows yo u w he re to posit ion the decal o n th e f ro nt of the machin e. Finall y, Fig. 6 is a pi ctorial for the modi fi cation. The fusio n unit do es its t h ing by co mparing a th ermi stor resistance against a fi xed-voltage referen ce. The mod ification let s yo u raise o r lower that internal ref er ence by so u r c i n g or si n k i ng a sl ig h t amount of extra current. The temperature rang e is set by that new 150K resistor. A hi gher valu e restricts th e range, whil e a lower on e extends it. A half-watt resistor was chos en because it is ph ysically stron ger than a quarterw att o ne. Th e chec ko ut pro cedure is fairly si m p le . Center yo u r n ew t empe rat u re co nt ro l and th en ap p ly th e power. The panel LED sho uld start blinkin g a dim gree n and t he inte rna l f usio n lamp sho uld co me o n. Aft er o ne minute, th e f usio n lamp sho u ld go o ut and th e LED sho uld chan ge to a bri gh t and co ntinu ou s green. Advan ce t he te mpe ratu re co ntrol clockwi se by one qu art er of a t u rn . Th e fu sion l amp sho u ld co me o n for three o r fo u r seco nds and th en sh ut back off. Retard th e temp erature co nt ro l f ull y countercl o ckwise and wait a
few minutes. Even tu all y th e fusio n lam p sho uld co me back on fo r a few seco nds. Wh en t he lamp goes back off, adva nce the co nt ro l by o ne qu arter t urn. The fusio n lamp sho uld go back o n again fo r a few seco nds and th en shut down . If all of t hose tests are passed , ce nte r t he te m pe rat ure con t rol and try a metall ic Kroy Kolo r shee t. Use a " normal" setti ng fo r met alli c foi ls, a somew hat high er sett ing fo r th e matte co lo rs, and a slig ht ly lower sett i ng for th e lam inatin g film . Here's anot he r t ip: If you run a ton er copy th rou gh th e machin e in contact wi th a thin sheet of polyester " M ylar" f ilm or by usin g an "empty" Kroy Kolo r carrier, your ~ p-y_ w J.' 1 Bakeriz e, giving_xo u a more durable , bl acker, and a sem igloss fini sh. That is hand y for suc h th in gs as qui ck and dirty bu sine ss cards, and is a zero- cost p ro cess. Am on g th e many ot he r sou rces, surplu s Canon f user units are now availabl e by way of Arlin Shep ard ove r at Laz er Products. M odi fic ation kits and th e f u lly modif ied and teste d units are also availab le , at a tin y fr action of th e cu rrent cost of th e real Omni crom fu sion machines.
Getting plain old stuff

In add itio n to all of t he usual elec t ro n ic co m po nent s, mo st all of yo u hardware hacker s also need good sou rces of th e plain old everyday t hings need ed to dev elop all your idea s and to put th o se elect ro nic co m po ne nt s t o get he r. Thin gs like t o ol s and hardware, raw m at erial stock, e lect r i c al it em s, pla stic s, and all of th e man y ot her odd me nts th at seem to go alo ng wi th serio us hackin g. I have found fou r o utstand ing sou rces for t hat sort of thin g. Fir st, check in to th e McMasterCarr su p p ly peopl e. See if yo u can't co p o ne of the ir 2000 + page cata logs th at is ja m- packe d wi t h too ls , mat er ials, hardware, pl asti cs, and j ust abo ut eve ryt hing else th at's " ind ust rial" in natu re. Seco nd, the rea lly great W W Granger catalog covers ju st abo ut eve ryt hing electrical- fo r mot or s, pump s, co nt ro ls, wire, accessories, and so on . Whil e th o se fo lks have bran ch es in mo st larger cit ies, you ofte n may need a trad e
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name and a tax stamp to be ab le to do bus in ess with th em . Third is Small Parts. Besid es a mind-b o g glin g stock of rob oti c and electro n ics hard w ar e , th ey also will custo m cut met als and pla sti cs for yo u in small qu ant iti es. And , f ourth , for pl asti cs, d o look into th e United States Plastic Corp w ho have an incredibl e variety of pl astic material s availab le . If you do have any sim ilar " j ust st uff" favorites, how about lettin g me kn ow so w e can then share th ose resou rces wi th th e ot he rs? In fact , let's make a co ntest o ut of it. Your entry mu st begin w it h th e word s "A gr eat sou rce for neat st uff is.... ," and there will be all of th e usual Incredible Secret Mon ey Machin e book Qrizes, alon g with an all- exp en se paid (FO BThatch er, AZ) tinaja qu est for two fo r th e best entry of all. If po ssible , include a fly er o r a catalog with yo u r entry. You 'll get extra points fo r especially ob scure o r off-th e-wall so u r ces . Plea se send th e ent ries directly to me per the "Need Help?" box, and not to
th e Radio-Electronics edito rial-staff offi ces.
go" adapto r th at yo u can b uy, bu t that is an o bvio us produ ct th at so me d ay s ho u l d a p pea r a t Receiving TV on a RGB monitor Fede rated, o r at Radio Shack o r wh erever. I've gotten a bun ch of calls o n th at recentl y. You' ve ju st spe nt big M y per son al solution to t hat was to go w it h t he o ld Sony KV1311-C R bu cks o n a hi gh-quali ty RGB co lo r monitor for yo ur co mp ute r, and w h ic h is a co m b inat io n receive r yo u reali ze that it su re would be and moni tor tha t act ually is lot s nice to be ab le to receiv e cab le o r cheape r t han many of th e ot he r off -th e-air TV o n it to ju sti fy t he RGB mon it or-onl y produ ct s. But hi gh cost. that parti cul ar receiv er can't hanCan th at be don e? di e th e hi gh er horizontal-scan fr eThe answer is " We ll, so rt of." To qu enci es involved with some M ac get f ro m off -t he-air TV to a co mo r IBM graphics mod es. puter monitor, yo u need a tun er, For now, t he best b et wo u ld an IF st rip, an audi o processor, and seem to be to find a junked o r a vid eo d et ector. ot he rw ise trashed-ov er VCR and You al so may require a NTSC lift th e tun er and receiver elec(Neve r Th e Sam e Col or) co mt ro nicsoutof it. O r perhaps d o t he p-osite -vide o-to -RGB converter aL _same_th ings.to a co nventio nal TV set th at has pr obl em s with t he pi cw ell , if th e monitor doesn't accept a co m posite -video inpu t. ture tube o r po ssibl y th e d efl ection circuitry. The circuitry needed, it s de sign, Yeah, that is kind of a wimpy anand it s ali gnment are far too co mpl ex to throw to geth er o n yo ur swe r. Let me kn ow if yo u co me up own o u t of individu al co m po w it h a better o ne. That is also an ideal topi c fo r so me f ut ure Radionents. You also would be largely reinventin g the wh eel. Electronics co nst ruct io n proj ect. Sadly, I know of no "plug-andcontinued on page 80
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RE-1188
41
AUDIO
UPDATE
The Audio Engineering Society
LARRY KLEIN, AUDIO EDITOR
--- I ~V ~ B E E N;A-M EM B E R- 0 F-T H E-Al:J 8 1 0 EN -
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gi nee ririg Soc iety for so me 30 years now, and I credi t it-th ro ug h it s mo nt h ly journ al and m eetin gs-fo r much of my audio ed ucatio n. Fo un d ed in 1948 by a small gro up of conce rne d eng i nee rs, t he new orga n izat io n was de d icated t o adva nc ing the art and science of aud io eng i neeri ng . Th e Soc iety's 'success is refl ect ed in both its growth and t he in tern atio na l re-p utatio n t hat it has acq u ire d over t he past decades . Prese nt wor ld-wi de mem bersh ip i nc l udes more t ha n 10,000 eng ineer s, re se ar ch e rs, ed ucato rs, manu factu rer s, and students . Aside from t he talks, lectu res, and d eb at es sc he d u le d durin g regul ar lo cal A ES sect io n meetin gs held in many major cit ies, scores of paper s det ailin g th e latest audio resea rc h an d d evel o p men t s are p resented d uring t he an nual con ve nt io ns. Many of the pape rs are availab le in " p rep rint fo rm," and in t he next two co lum ns I'll disc uss some of t he mo re in terest in g o nes t hat came fro m t he October 1987 co nve nt io n. Fi r st , a bac kg ro u nd n ot e: In ge ne ral" A ES papers seem to divi de in to di scu ssion s of potentia l o r actua l prod ucts embody i ng some n e w concepts or app roac hes; disc ussio ns of new tec h nique s for i mprovi ng m easure me nts, record i ng, o r reprod uctio n; and psyc hoaco ust ic invest igat ions i nto aud io p er ceptio ns. Since t he AES pref er s to avoid be ing a co m me rcial-so undin g boa rd fo r any co mpany o r in -
FIG. 1
vento r, all pape rs th at appear in t he Journ al mu st pass a revi ew board of t he aut ho r's tec h n ica l peer s. Th e pape rs give n att he co nve n t io n-a n d th e pr eprint s of t he m-a re l e ss st r i nge n t ly re vie we d by t he co nvent io n's paper s chairpe rso ns. I'll li st t he AES co de n u mbe r and t he fo r ma l ti t le of each paper for t hose w ho w ish to obtain a copy. Fo r in form at ion o n beco m ing a mem ber of th e AES and/or how to p u rchase any of its m an y p ap er s and publ icat ion s, write to : A ud io Engi nee ring Associat io n, 60 East 42nd Stree t, New York, NY 10165.
25 37, G-4
Subwoofe r Perfo r ma nce for Accurate Reprodu ction of M usic The authors of this paper (o ne of wh om is with Do lby Laborat ori es) set o ut to d et ermin e th e m inimu m-p erform ance requ irem ents for hom e subwoofers assumi ng peak sound -press ure levels of 110 t0120 d B and a crossover no hig her than 100 Hz. An interestin g part of the paper was t he freq ue ncy analysis of co m me rc ia l CD 's. Th e aut ho rs t u rne d u p a dozen C D's (mos t ly f ro m Tel arc) w it h substantia l mu sical in form ation in t he octave fro m 32 to 16 Hz and one .(the
1812 Ov erture) that w ent down as low as 12 Hz! In ge ne ral, how ever, th e aut ho rs fo und that record in gs with aud ib le b ass bel ow 30 Hz are rela ti vel y rare. Wh en suc h freq ue nc ies are present th ey are produ ced by pipe o rga ns, synthes ize rs, o r spec ial effects and enviro nme ntal noi ses. In strum ent s suc h as a bass guita r, bass vi olin , ti m pani, o r bass drum p rodu ce very littl e output below about 40 Hz. At o r above that fr equ en cy, however, th ey can mak e a substantial co nt rib uti o n. We are all awa re of th e Fletch erMun son eq ua l-lo u d ness c u rves that show t hat th e human ear is sig nif icant ly less sensit ive to lowfr equ en cy sou nds than it is to midfreq uencIes. It 's not gene rally kn own , howeve r, t hat th e o r ig i na l c u rves, whi ch dat e from 1933, have been substant ially rev ised by later investi gato rs usin g su pe rio r techn iqu es and in strum entati on . The mo st rece nt st u d ies- w h ic h ge ne ra lly agree with one anoth er-indi cate that th e ear is 6-dB less sensit ive at low fre q ue nc ies th an was previ ou sly charte d. That means th at to be heard as eq ual in volum e to a 4-kH z sig nal at th e hearing threshold of 0 dB, a 20-Hz signal has to be about 85-dB loud er! The paper goes o n to analyz e ot he r performance criteria includin g th e aud ib i l it y of amplitud e, pha se devi ation s, and harm oni c di stortion s, woofer -e xcursio n requirem ents, room-acou sti c effects, and so fo rt h. The pap er ends w it h a pl ea to loud speak er m anufacturer s to improv e th eir low-frequ en cy perform anc e b elow 40 Hz . It see ms that th e d oz en o r so subwoofe rs tested w er e all found to be in adequate by th e aut ho rs' stand ards. The pap er illu strates beautifully wh y I find th e AES papers so w orthwhil e . I'm n ot particul arl y i nte res te d i n reprodu cin g fre qu en ci es low eno ug h to ca use sphi ncte r dilation , but I w as fascinat ed in t he wea lt h of psych oacou sti c and ph ysical data that th e auth ors ei t he r d ev el op ed o r researche d to make th eir case. Typical of ot he r AES pap er s, thi s pap er on subwoofe r perform ance co nt ains a 31-ite m bibli ography.
2490, D-2
The In- store Elect ronic Distributi on of Personaliz ed Mu sic: An Answer to Hom e T aping Thi s p ap er d escrib es a product-or at least a prototyp e of on e-that, if success f u l, w ould revolu ti onize th e way that recorded mu sic is sold. The auth ors are aff iliate d with th e Personics Corp oration of M enlo Park , CA, and th e " abst ract" that ope ns th e paper neatly sums up th e p roj ect : An elect ro n ic music-distributi on sys te m has b een d esign ed an d built to p erm it th e in-store production of very high-fidelity p ersonalized cassettes, to the customer's o rder. In th e sto re, th e syst em co ns is ts o f a co m p u te r-
RADIO MANUAL
SHORT WAVE
Official 1934
cantrol le d r blg bvspeedroptice lr:-disk-ba sed digital-audio archive of up to 15,000 individual selections of music ; an o rder-en try terminal; a high-spe ed casse tte recorder; a n d a high-resoluti on lab el printer.... With this eq uip me n t a cu st om er ca n obtain a highfidelity tape con taining an albumlength comp ilatio n of the songs he wants in th e o rde r that he wants th em, after a wait of only about 5 minutes. Th e authors state t hat th e impetu s for the project came out of a 1985 st udy (cite d in a footnote) th at so ug ht to det ermin e th e reason s behind hom e tapin g. Th e st udy fo und that, co nt rary to th e vi ew h eld b y th e Record Industri es Asso ciation of Am eri ca (RIAA), t he most important reason for home tapin g was not to save mon ey, but rath er to create per sonal p ro gram s by assemblin g variou s arti sts and so ngs onto a single cassette. Th e aut ho rs are hopeful that in- store alb um produ ction w o uld app eal to th e record co mpanies by essentially elim inat ing th e major reason for home tapin g, and by sim ultaneously providing a means of collectin g roy alt ies tha t are now lo st. The bulk of th e paper describes th e techn ol o gie s involved. Since th e fir st Per soni cs-system units have alre ady been built, I assume th at th e techni cal pr oblem s of sto rin g 15,000 separate songs and randoml y access i ng th em r apidl y eno ug h to com p ile a multi-select io n hi gh-fid eli ty recordin g in continued on page 81
simple. highperformance oldtime s hortwave radios! All of the secrets a re h ere : the circ u it d iagrams. parts la you t , coil specifications, con struction detailS. op eratioo liints , a nd m uch more! This is a compilation of s hortwave co nstruction articl es from "Sho rt Wa ve Crajt" magazines pu blis he d in the 20 's & 30's. It' s wall-to-wa ll "how-to." In cluded are circuit diagrams, photographs, and design secrets of all shortwave receivers being manufactured in 193 4 in clu ding so me of the m os t fam ous: SW -3 , the SW- 5 "Th rill Box", the d e Fores t KR- l , t he Hammurland "Com et Pro", and many m or e. Also included is a n ew chapter showing h ow yo u can use transistors to replace h ard- to-fin d vacuum tubes. You 'll even see the circuit that was la s h ed together on a ta ble to p one ni gh t using junk b ox pa rts , a h air cu rler a n d a lliga tor clips. Attached to an a n ten n a strung across the basem ent ce iling and a 9 volt battery, signals started popping in like crazy. In a couple oT m inutes an urgent mes s age fro m a s hip's captain off Seattle over 1500 mil es away was h ea rd asking for a n aviga to r to h elp him th ro ug h s hallow wa ter! These s mall regenerative receivers are extremely si mple, but d o t hey ever perform! This is a m u s t book for the experimenter, the s urvivalist who is concerned about basic com m u n ication , s hortwave listeners, h am rad io operato rs who collec t old re ceivers, a n d ju st about a nyone in teres ted in old-time radio. Great book! Fun to read l One of the best old-time ra dio books to turn u p in years. Heavily illustrated! Order a copy today! 8 1/2 x 1 1 paperback 260 pages on ly $ 15. 70 postpai d!
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CIRCLE 109 ON FREE INFORMAT ION CARD
THE FACTS
ON FAX
HERB FRIEDMAN, COMMUNICATI ONS EDIT OR
Fax is an easy-to-use, low-cost way to send copies of text, graphics, and pictures by telephone.
A MODERN FACS IMILE MACHINE. WHICH IS
more co mmo nly known simply as fax, is a device that scans a document and converts it to digital data that can be sent over the nation al and international dial-up telephone systems. A receiving fax creat es a facsimile of the o r iginal do cument by restoring th e data to its original form. Becau se there is a worldwide standard for facsimile signals , fax machines can send documents anywhere in the world- except to countries which prohibit non-voice or encoded signals on thei r telephone network. Becau se modem fax is entirely digital. a document can be sent in less time than it would take to be read or described by voice; henc e , the telephon e charges per document are minim al -part icularly so for lon g di stan ce and international calls .
A mass market Man y marketin g experts involved w ith office and househ old electronic products believe that the fax mach ine w ill sho rtly becom e another massmarketed elec tronic ga dge t; one that might tum out to be as popul ar as VCR 's, video cameras , and personal co mputers . In fact, the future of fax as the next electronic blockbuster looks so good that the major manufacturer s are al-
ready gearing up for blitz advertising aimed at the home-business mark et. Pick up almost any newspap er and you' ll find that the fax machine is the featured equipment in many advertisem ent s from stores that sell consume r photo and electro nic eq uipment. It is also featured in the ads from computer dealers, and by the stores that sell telephones and office equipment. And if you drive down the busine ss district of any moderately sized city or town , you' ll now find stores that spec ialize only in fax machines. Th ere are eve n fax adapters for IBM-compat ibl e person al computers . Simpl y plug in a fax adapt er and your co mputer will function as an online fax even whil e the computer is doing some oth er job, like word-process ing, or filing, or whatever e lse personal computers do . (A future issue of Computer Digest will present a hand s-on review of such a device .)
Old movies What might temporaril y limit the growth of fax is the fact that many non-business co nsumers have little or no idea about what fax is or ca n do . If they know anything at all abo ut fax , it' s probably from TV re-runs of old 1930 's B-movi es, where a group of newspap erm en watch a facsimil e ma-
chine create the face of Public Enemy Number I on what appears to be a spinning drum . Or the mach ine might be sp inning out a picture that will prove the innoc ence of someone minutes away from execut ion in the Big House (state prison ). Although the facsimile machine was a common productivity tool for new spapers, new s magazines , and major busine ss offices, it was a very expensive and difficult-to -m aint ain mechanical clunker; so other than in the movies, until digital electronics becam e a household phrase , the average con sumer had little acquaintance with a facsimile machin e. But becau se of the simplicity of operation, unusually good reproduction a nd reli ability, and plun ging prices made possible by digit al technology, fax is expected to be used by almost all businesses operating from a hom e. It is even anticipated that fax will prove to be a popular household app lia nce . For ex ample, suppose you' re workin g at home and find that you need some papers that you left at the main office . Instead of waiting for the mail , or paying for expensive courier serv ice, you simply ask the office to fax you the papers. In less time than it takes to think about it, your fax machine starts spitting out copies of the documents.
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RADIO-ELECTRONICS
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FM
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DRUM
FIG. 1-0N EARLY FAX MACHINES the document was mounted on a spi nn ing drum that was tracked by a electro-mechanical assembly.
Or assume that you have a billin g d ispute wit h the local ba nk. Th ey claim you did n't pay; you claim you did. Instead of gett ing invol ved with the bank in severa l month s of co rresponde nce to prove that you paid , you simply feed the cance led chec k into your fax machine, and in less than 30 seconds a copy appea rs on the bank's fax mach ine. That sho uld resol ve the di spute quickly ; yo u and the bank won 't have to become pen pals . Or maybe you just want a quote on what it would co st to pur chase a new refrigerator. Instead of waitin g on the phone listening to "elevator music" until someo ne ca n help you; then explaining wh at yo u want ; and then waiting and wai tin g unt il so meo ne gets the price and delivery date , you simply write what you want on a sheet of paper and fax it by teleph one line to
the appliance dealer. When he gets the inform ation, he fax's you a written confirmation of the pric e and the delivery date . Your imagination ca n prob abl y fill in ten or more other reasons why fax is expected to become a be st-sellin g household and sma llbusiness appliance .
se nso r position ed in th e Ire flectio n path se nses the amount of reflected light and co nverts the reflection to a bi-level or gray-sca le electrical signal, which is then used to control an audi o osc illator, a microprocessor, or whatever is used to cre ate the transmitted signal's modul ation . Alth ough manufacturers 1eventually intend to equip high- end fax mach ine s with laser printers , the common fax machin es print received do~uments or I phot ogr aph s o n the rmal (heat sensitive) or electrostatic pap er, The image is formed by a heat or an electric burning stylus that tracks over the paper. The heat stylus actually burn s the image into therm al paper) while an electric current passing froln the stylu s throu gh e le c tros ta qi c paper changes the co lor of electro static paper at the "burn ." In both types of printin g , we say th e i rt.a g ine is "burned in . " Early fax madhines also useda light -sen siti ve (photographic) system , which meant wet-clrocess developing, and some machi nes used a wet paper to provid e conduction for an electric "burn . " Obviously, wetproc ess printing hasn't been used for m anv, many years.
Highs and lows Except for the early experime ntal facsimile device s- such as tho se described eslewhere in this issue in our article on early facsimile-a fax machine is actually a tran sceiver: It can both se nd (ori ginate) and receive (answer). Its transmitted signal is derived by scanning a document or photograph with a tightly focu sed light beam. The marks on the document determine how much light is reflected from the document. A photo-electri c
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s peed i s d et ermin ed b y th e powerline's freque ncy). Wh en DC motor s were used , sy nc hro nizatio n required a lot of tweaking . In a modern all-e lectronic fax machi ne, sync hro niza tio n is ac h ieve d v ia a n electronic signal. Drum systems were in use for many years. As with everything e lse involved in interna tional communications, the drum system was standa rdized by the CCITT. (CC ITT is an acro nym for the Intern ational Telegrap h and Tel ephon e Co ns ultive Co mmittee, the organi zation that sets the standa rds used for all intern ationa l comm unications .) The CC ITT standard , which is known as Group-l, G l, or GI , uses FM modulation and take s six minutes to ' transmit a CCITT " st and ard" test pa ge. (He nceforth, whenever we refer to the transm itta l
speed of a standar d page we mean the CC ITT 's standard test page.)
The digital breakth roug h Six minutes per page transmittal time is not spectacular; it can result in substa nt ia l tel ephon e cha rges, particularly on intern ational cilcuits . Because of the time and cos t limitations , fax was essentially limitetl to businesses that abso lutely requ ired realtime or rapid docum ent d~li very (as com pared to mailing the doc ument). But the digital era brought with it e lec tro nic scanning, whic h meant that the entire mechanical paper-handlin g system could be eliminated . It also brought with it the modern computeri zed co mmun icatio h se rv ices such as storage, store anti forward , polling, broadcasting , password security, auto matic mod e rr1 fallback,
etc . We' ll get to those features later. Between the electro-mec ha nical and the digit al eras was a period when fax used elec tronically derived AM mod ulation-the scanning and printing was no longer done on a spinning drum. The docum ent was scanned on a flatbed , and the printing paper fed from a roll . The all-elec tronic system co uld provide automatic dial-up and answer, or iginate and answer identifica tio n, and un atte nded operation . The system's parameters are also set by th e CCITT and are known as Gro up 2 , G2 , or Gil. A Gro up-2 machine can send a sta ndard page in three to four minutes- about half the tim e th an it woul d take using a Gro up-l machine .
Digital Group-2 machines were just a way-
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FIG. 3-THE MODERN FAX MACHINE uses a photo-optical electronic scanner, and the document is usually moved past an aper ture slot that 's cut into a fl at pl ate.

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used for tra nsm itting but , as shown in Fig . 2, when the mac hine functions as a recei ver an im age-cre at ing stylus swings into pos ition to replace the optical system (or both are co mbined in a single hou sing). A de modulator in the recei ver co nverts the rece ived audio tones into electrica l signals that are used by the stylus to burn a reproduction of the source docum ent into a blank sheet of paper. As a ge neral ru le, sy nchro nization bet ween the drum s of the transmitting and rece iving machin es was attained by using sync hro no us AC m otors ( w hose
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FIG. 4-THE FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM of a generic upscale fax machine. The ROM contains the operating system, handshake codes, and answerback control. The RAM can contain multiple incoming and outgoing documents, as well as a telephone directory and user-programmed instructions. The LCD shows what 's programmed and what 's happening , and prompts the user.
station to digital fax , which can send a page in as little as 18 seconds. (Some machines can send a standar d page in
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15 seconds.) The digita l-fax CCnT standard s are Group 3 (G3 , GIll) and Group 4 (G4, GIY). The Gro up-4 method does not work on the dial-up telephone system , because it is intended fo r the 4-wire IS DN network-so we w i ll re st ri ct our discussion to the Gro up-3 machines. However, keep in mind that modern fax mac hine s are often dow nward compatible: Group-4 machines will usually also function as Group -3 machines, just as many of the Group-3 m achin e s are co mpatib le wit h Gro up -2 and, some times , Group- I machines. Figure 3 is a generic represen tation of the most common scanning system used by Group-3 machines. As you can see from the side view, the document is pushed (or pulled) across a scanning slot that is cut into a flat plate . As shown in Fig" . 3, the portion of the document at the slot is evenly illuminated by a lamp that extends across the width of the slot. A series of mir ror s co mpac ts the image reflected from the doc ument into the accept ance angle of a lens, which , in turn, focuses the image on the face of a CCO device . Electro nic scanning of the CCO provides a bi-Ievel (highlow) signal for the electronic system . The document's drive sprocke t operates with a step-and-stop motion that is controlled from the same circuits that process the CCO image . The drive sprocket advances the document at the end of each CCO-i mage line . If the next line is blank, and then the next, the outgoing digital signal is comp acted so that the receiv ing unit simply advances the printing paper until characters are avai lable . The compression of both white and data is
a primary reason why a Gro up-3 machine can process a standard page in as littl e as 18 sec onds . (Includ ing handshaking, a total of 45 seco nds.) Depending on the degree of desired bi-level or gray-scale resoluti on (from coarse to fine), and the modem speed (which we'll get to shortly), Group- 3 standard-page transmission-time can vary upward from 18 seconds to nominally three minutes.
Fixed position A recent variation- that is specifically called flatb ed scanning , moves the slot under the document. (Flatbed scanning, which form erly meant a flat-plate substitute for the spinning . drum of Group-I machin es, now usually means a Group- 3, a Group-4, or a computer scanner, on which the document remains in a fixed position while bein g sc anne d .) Th e mirrors , th e lens, the CCO, and the lamp are an integrated mechanical assembl y that moves under the document. The bed itself is glass; the slot is actually an "optical slot" - the viewing area seen and reflected by the mirrors. Contact scanning As you might imagine , the mirror/ len s/CCOllamp assembly is so me what complex and moderately expensive. However, a much lower-cost allelec tronic contact scanning sys te m has been developed. While it doesn 't have all the capab ilitie s of the mirror/ lens/CCO system , at present it is perfectly suitable for use in the rockbottom-priced fax machines. Eventually, ju st because of its simplicity, an upgraded version of the contact sca nner will probably become the commonly used scanning device . The contact-scanning sensor is a
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long, thin, electro-optical sensor tube ' that extends across the slot.1Althou gh not the same as a CCO, the tube functions more or less in the same way. The reflected light form s a pattern on the sensor across the width of the slot. Electronic scanning of the device's target area produces the smpe kind of bi-level and gray-scale digital output as a CCO . As with the CCO systems, the tube can be positioned under a fixed slot, or it can be used ih a flatbed scanner, with the tube and a lamp moving under the docum ent. Mirrors
and a lens aren' t needed because the tube 's angle of view at the document is very narrow- again , an optica l slot.
Computerized As shown in Fig. 4 , a generic block di agr am of a high -perfo rm an ce Group-3 fax, the electro nic hardware is co mputerize d, has firmware in ROM , dynamic memory (RAM), automatic voice-fax recog nition, a telephone autodia ler, comp uter interfacin g, a nd so me ki nd of a ns wer/
originate modem . In the less expens ive Group-3 fax machin e s , th e mod em has a fixed transmission rate of 2400 bp s. More expe nsive models have a 96 00-bps fall-back mod em . Sinc e the mod em probably has the gre atest affect on the transmission time of a standa rd page , let's cover the modem first. It 's easy eno ugh to und erstand a fixed-rate 2400-bps modem: it simply does its thin g at 2400 bps . A fall-back modem , however, tries to transmit at a high er spee d , usually 9600 bp s. (Yes, a goo d dial-up teleph one circ uit ca n handle 96 00 bp s .) Th e origi na ting mod em " tests" the answerbac k sig nal from the answering fax mach ine . If the answering mach ine senses an incoming 9600 bps , and if it has the cap ability, it will electrica lly hand shake at 9600 bps. If the answering machin e is equipped onl y for 2400. bps , its answe rbac k at 240 0 bps is sense d by th e origina ti ng fax ma chin e , and the orig inating mach ine shifts to 2400 bps . Oth er wise , both machin es start out at 9600 bps (or they start at the top rate of the slower machine.) As with any othe r prot ocol data excha nge, the answer modem co nstantly tests for transm ission errors . If it senses too many errors on the co mmuni cations path , it se nds an electri c al re qu e st to th e ori gin atin g mod em to fall back to 7200 bps. If there are too many erro rs at 7200 bps the mod em will auto ma tically fall back to 4800 bps, and if there are still too ma ny erro rs the machine falls back to 2400 bps . As you ca n ima gine , each fallback increases the tran smission time of the docum ent. (From time to time, the originate modem will try to ge t back to 9600 bps . The
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system trie s to maintain the highest possible transmitting spee d .) Normally, a separate telephone line must be available for fax reception, or the machine must be manually or autom atically switched to fax for tran smitting when the machine also has a built-in co n ve nt io n a l teleph on e . However, as shown in Fig : 4, some up scale fax machines feature auto matic voice -fax rec ognition, whic h allows the machine and a telephone to share a co mmon line for incoming calls. When the machin e answers a call it monitors for an electrical handshake from an origin ating fax . If it senses the hand shake , the machine connects its own internal modem to the telephone line . If there is no handshake, the machine co nnec ts its own telephone , or a conventi onal extern al telephone. Although Fig . 4 shows the voice-fax recognition as a separat e unit, that's done onl y for clarity; the actual circuit is usually part of the fax machine 's modem . The RAM can store the scann ed image itself, and it ca n also be userpro gramm ed with: 10-100 + tel e phone numbers for the telephone autodi aler ; th e time a fax will be tran smitted from RAM ; a broadcast sc hedule, and incoming and outgoing password protection . Broadcasting , also known as gro up distribution, mean s that the machin e will automat ically send the document from RAM to two or more machin es at a specific date and time. Password protection wo rks for incoming and outg oing traffic . M ost high-per formance machines permit polling , which means that a rem ote machin e ca n dial in and requ est that . a document stored in-RAM be tran smitted . Since many documents can be stored
in RAM for se le c tive polling (or tim ed-tran smission), password pr otection allow s polling mac Hines to reI quest only the documents that they are authorized to receive. On the flip side of the coin, high-performance ma chin es don't necessarily Brint every inco m ing document; th ey c an be stored in RAM for selective printing at a later tim e . A password allows I access to the document only by the person to whom the docum ent is specifically addressed. Keep in mind that because Group 3 machin es are digital , the Idocument can contain text , line art , co mputergen erated bi -Ievel or gray-s c ale d gra phics; or the " docume nt" can or iginate in a computer. Sohle of the more expensive machines provide a computer-to-fax interface that allows disk files to be fed directly into the fax machin e . As far as the rhachine is co nce rned , the computet dat a is a con ventional document. lwhen recei ving, the fax machin e ca n either print the document or store the incoming data as a computer disk file. Although the majority lof the fax machines h av e therm a l o r el ectro static printe rs , sornel hi gh-end models have laser printers, or allow co nnection to a laser printer so that the document ca n be used direc tly for I camera-ready page mak eup .
I
Computerized fax Basically, anything in the way of communications that's possibl e with a co mputer is possibl e with a fullblown fax, which lead s us to , you guessed it , fax ada pters for IIBM-compatibl e co mputers. Figure 5 shows a fax ada pter for a . I PC/XT co mputer, Pan asonic 's FXBM/89. It simp ly plug s into a slot and
has the usual modem connections for the teleph one line and the telephone instrument. Usually, the software for high-perform ance computer fax ada pters such . as the FX-BM/89 reside in mem ory and work in the backgroun d . In that way, the fax fun ction is auto ma tica lly available even during the time that the co m p ute r is being used for othe r tasks . Th e adapter essentiall y provide s a ll the fun ct ions of a conventi onal fax except that the signal inputs to and outputs from disk: You store text , graphics , and sca nner output as a disk file . The fax ada pter transmits any faxform atted disk file as a con venti onal fax sig na l. To inc omin g fax, the adapter appears as a conventional upscale fax machine, exce pt that it ca n store incoming data on disk for future use or for futur e prin ting . Again as provided by the software , the fax adapter can "store " multi -address pages , will store -and-forwa rd on a selective or broadcast basis , and will respond to poll ing . As wit h co nventio nal Grou p-3 fax machin es , a fax adap ter's feat ures and fun ctions vary from mode l to model . Actu ally, the funct ions and features of a fax ada pter are determ ined more by the softwa re than the hard ware . The lower-cost ada pters emulate the features of the lower-cost fax mach ines; the more expens ive ada pters emulate upscale fax machin es . Wh eth er yo u're inter e ste d in a sta nd-a lo ne fax machin e or a fax adapter for your com puter, keep in mind tha t just abo ut every co ncei vable co mmunicat ions featu re and con veni en ce is ava ila ble; but re member that every upgrade usuall y mean s additional cos t. R-E
RADIO-ELECTRONICS
IT WAS ALMOST FIFfY YEARS AGO THAT
Radio & Television magazine-a sister publication of Radio Craft , which eventually became Radio -Electronics-published two articles that I wrote on the subj ect of radio facsimile. In those days, radio facsimile was new and highly experimental. I was still in high school when I became fascinated by the experimental fac simile tran smission s that were broadcast by UHF stat ion W8XE in Cleveland , Ohio . Not having acce ss to commercial equipment, I began to experimen t with different ways to print out the material. My experi ments resulted in two machine s , which were the subject of my articles in the November 1940 and January 1941 issues of Radio & Television magazine . About the time I finished my own machines, I cam e across two surplus Crosley Model 119 REA DO facsimile kits , which had been manufactured as part of an evaluation pro gram designed to test the feasibility 0' broad casting newspapers by radio , so that readers could get the news instantly, not hours or a day after it took place . Among other things, the imminence of World War II terminated the experi mental facsimile broadcasts in 1941, so I purchased the READO kits in the hope of continuing my experiments . I intended to use one of the units as a scanner, the other as a printer. My efforts proved partially success ful , but an inadequate optical system resulted in poor resolution and a some what noisy picture quality . Abo ut that time I joined the U.S . Navy to work on RADAR (a classified word at that time) and, as a result, I had to suspend further experimentation with facsimile
FACSIMILE:
1940
Time marched on, but for some reason I held on to the two facsimile sets. Finally, after almost 50 years, I found the time to continue my experi ments with facsimile. This article describes the design and construction of the original scanner-printer pair, and some of the components and technique s-which were not even envisioned near ly fifty years ago--that I used to get the units working .
1988
Big and heavy Everyth ing about the old'machines was big-actually huge. Figure 1 shows just the mechanical 'assembly for myoid scanner; Fig. 2 shows the printer. The electronics forIeach was in a separate enclosure (which was often insta lled under the m'e chanical assembly). As I proceeded with my upgrading of the old machines using modem solI
id-state circuits, I had many recollections of the way thing s used to be done, or as someone said , "as it used to was." For example, because the amplifiers had very high input imped ance s the construction of any electronic project almo st always required extreme care in the placement of the wires that connected the vacuum-tube filaments (heaters); at the very least! the wires had to be tightly twisted to reduce the ever-pre sent hum pickup. In fact, particular care had to be taken with all wiring bec au se the sheer physical size of the components used for vacuum-tube circuits usually resulted in long lead s, which made the circuits particularl y susceptible to noise pickup. Then there were the problems of physical size and weight. There were no transistors or lC op-amps a half century ago. Typical of vacuum-tube technology, yesteryear's circuits required 90 to several hundred volts instead of the 15 volts or less that is common in many solid-state circuit designs , so the power supplies were usually humongous.
An early experimenter with radio facsimile brings an old home -brew up to date with solid-state circuits.
CARL A. HELBER
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FIG. 1- A 50-YEAR OL D sca nner. The doc ument was p repare d f ro m a roll of sprocket-fed paper.
Unfortunately, "relatively large" is a nebulous term ; und er the best of conditi on s the curre nts are very sma ll- a few tenths of a micro ampere . Typi call y, the tin y curre nts are converted to voltage and applied as mod ulation to an AC carrier. The carrier signal is then furth er amplified to a level suitable for modulatin g a radio tran smitter. In the Finch system , the carri er frequ ency is 2000 Hz for document tran smi ssion and 400 Hz for the synchro nization signal that keeps the sca nner and printer sy nchronized . The Finch facsimile printer uses a stylus sweeping back and forth across el ect ro sen sitive paper that is sup-
ported by a curved platen l similar to the one used in the sca nner. (I believe that the paper used a thin Ico.a ting of titanium dioxide over a ca rbonized backing.) Signals receivetl over the radio link from the scan nef are amplified to several hundred volts in a conventional tube-type power amplifier and then applied to the ~tylus . The high voltage at the point of the stylu s burns off the light -colored!co ating to a degree dependent on the Imagnitude of the voltage . As more of the coating burns away, more of the bldck backin g shows through. (Too mu ch voltage would cause th e ba cking to burn throu gh .)
Synchro nizing pul ses sent by the sca nner energize an escape ment lever in the printer at the beginning of eac h scan line . The printer is design ed to run slightly faster than the sca nner so that the stylu s arm , which is driv en thru a slip-clutch mech ani sm, will be waiting for the sy nc pulse at the start of eac h scan . Thi s kind of mechanical synchronization was necessary, even though sy nchro nous motors were in use in 1941, becau se mo st m aj or powe r comp an ie s we re not sy nchro nized with eac h other as well as they are tod ay. At prese nt, by usin g synchronous motors , it is usually only necessary to get the printer started at
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FIG. 2-THE ' PRINTER used electrosensit ive sprocket-fed paper. The image was literally burned into the paper by a highvoltage stylus;
TOP VIEW
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The Finch Facsimile System Whi le my upgrading of the o ld equipme nt is based on the confi guration of the Finch facs imile sys tem , there is no reason why the sa me optic al and elec tronic de sign can' t be applied to drum-type scanners. In the Finch facsimile system the document to be transmitted is spring loaded aga inst a curved platen. An opti cal asse mbly swee ping back and fort h about the radius of curva ture of the platen projec ts a tiny, bright spot of light onto the documen t. A phototub e mounted on the optical asse mbly pick s up the light reflected off the document. Sin ce the inten sity of the reflecti on varies directl y with the density of the point being illuminated , a relat ively large phototube curre nt is produced by reflection from a white area , while the reflection from black gen erates a small phototube current.
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NOVEMBER 1988
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the right point at the beginning of the tran sm ission; afte r th at the esc ap ement lever is left energize d until the transmi ssion is co mpleted.
The scanner As I mentioned earlier, at best the optic al sys tem used in the origin al design res ulted in a phototube current of a few tenth s of a microampere . To achieve even that minu scule level , a type 923 gas- phototube ope rating at about 90 volts was requi red . Wh ile a load imp edance of severa l megohms could result in a signal voltage in the range of 1 - 2 volts, the hum probl em at such a high load impe dance was formidabl e. On top of the probl em oflow output voltage, the signal had to mod ulate a carrier so that it co uld be amplified still more by stable amplifiers . When I interrup ted my experiments in 1941, 1 had not yet reso lved to my satisfaction the problems of low output voltage and susce ptibility to hum. But techn ological adva nces in the last twen ty years have been so grea t that all of the early probl em s essentially disappeared when I substituted so lid-state circui ts (tra ns istors and Ie's) for the or iginal vacuum tub es . For example, DC amplification was qu ite difficult to accomplish with a high degree of sta bility in the early days . Today, feed back techniques for IC op -amps make tr an sfer characteri stic shaping and ga in adj ustme nt relatively easy. New optics Figure 3 shows my new optical system . A Sylvania 1156 lamp-the kind used for a n automo bile's bac kup lights-provides the ligh t source . The lamp 's filame nt is a 20-mil diameter tungsten co il 0.3-inch long that oper-
ates at 12 volts at slightl y less than I ampere . A scanning spot O.Ol-inch high by 0 .0067-inch wide is obtained by using a demagnifying len s sys tem to image the filament on a lO-mil diame ter aperture . The result ing spot width is determined by the filament's width, wh ile the spot's height is determin ed by the aperture's diam eter. A lO-mii horizontal slit co uld have been used and would have made the demagni fier alignment non- crit ical, but it is much eas ier to fabric ate a sma ll, round aperture . A 1:1 proj ecti on system using a short focal length len s im ages th e illuminated aperture on the docum ent bein g scanned. The aperture is created in a 0.5inch diam eter disk of 5-mil brass shim stock having a deep dimple in the ce nter. (A sharp pointed pin or needl e is used to form the dimple .) The disk is then placed dimple point down on a shee t of 400-grade silicon carbide paper and rubb ed until enough bra ss is removed to leave a lO-mil hole. As shown in Fig. 3 , a phototransistor is mounted at the end of the lens tub e . Because the case of the phototransistor is connected intern ally to the co llec tor, which in turn is co nnected to + 12 volts, the phototransistor is insulated from its metallic mounting by a layer of in sul ating tape . A length of RG -188 coax ca ble carries the pho totransistor's signal to its amplifier. Light from the 12-volt lamp must be prevent ed from directly illuminating the docum ent bein g sca nned, but it is essential that the lamp be coo led by a flow of air. The coolin g is provided by a 4-inch fan feedin g an air strea m into cy lindrical baffles positi on ed both above and bel ow th e lamp . The baffles direct the air aro und
the lamp whi le uncontrolled light radiati on . Figure 4 is the circ uit use d in my current scanner. Tran sistoi Ql is the phototransistor located on the optical head . White areas of the dopy being I scanned produ ce a current of 5-10 microamperes , while black areas result in less than one 1 -2 1microamperes . Potenti om eter Rl co mpensate's for any stable offse t curren t!that might be caused by ambient roo m illumination reaching the phototransistor, Op- amp ICl -a is a current-to-voltage converter with provi sion for changing signal ga in (R3), and for clamping the whit e level if l~ ecessary. Potentiometer R5 is used to set the black clamping level to prevent overdriving the printer when adj ustments are mad e to enhance the resolution of fine detail in the scanned' material . For exampl e , a nar row lilne whose width approaches th e wi dth of the scanning spot will ge nerate a smaller signal than a broad line of the same gray level. The print d~ty of the
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narrow line (fine detail) can be improved by adjusting R5. Th e tr oubl e s o m e , somew hat tou ch y vacuu m-tube modul ator used in the early equipme nt is replaced by a simple tran sistor cl amp (Q2) that also serves as a clamp for removing the scan ne d s ig nal du ri ng th e re turn stroke of the sca nner head . A 1455 timer (IC2) ge nerates the 2-IO-kHz carrier; Ril sets the carrier's frequency. Sw itch Sl , the return scan disable, is act ua ted by th e scanning mech an ism . Potent iom eter R6 adjusts the chop ped sig nal amplitude and R9 adjusts the DC offse t as requi red by the rece iving circ uitry, R9 would not be" used in a radio transmission sys tem; instead , a bandpas s filter would be used to remove the DC and the lowfreque ncy co mponents while leaving , in effec t, a balanc ed-modul ated carrier to be applied to the transm itter. Th e adj us tment of th e scanne r's electronics starts by manu ally point ing the sca nnin.2ead at a white area
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FIG. 4-THE NEW SCANNER ELECTR ONICS is all solid-state. The carrier is generated by t imer IC2.
of the doc um ent being sent. RI is adjusted so that the voltage at pin 7 of ICI ~ a is zero or slig htly negat ive . Next, the head is pointed at a ce nter of the finest black line to be transmitted, which sho uld cause the volt age at pin 7 to go severa l volts positive. (R3 is used to adj ust the level to 3-4 volts .) R5 is adj usted so that wit h the base of Q2 grou nded , the voltage at Q2's co llector ju st begin s to clamp. If R3 has been changed substantia lly, it migh t be necessary to repeat the previou s procedure . Finally, R6 and R9 are set to provide the signal needed by the printer. In my current equipment , it is a 1.5- 2- vol t peak AC sig na l (full whit e to full black) sitting on top of a I-volt DC offset.
The pri nter Figure 5 is the schematic of my most rece nt printer cir cuit. From the outset, it was obvio us that the sty lus
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FIG. 5-THE NEW PRINTER electronics is also all solid-state. A conventional reverse-connected filament transformer proved to be exactl y the part needed to drive the stylus.
transformer used in th e or ig inal equ ipm en t would not be suitable for use w ith easily availabl e transistors . Th e or igin al transformer worked w ith tubes like the 6L6 , wh ich required a plate voltage of 250-300 vo lts . Co mmon power tran sistors usually work at well under 100 volts , and usually at only 15- 20 vo lts at the 5- IO-watt power level req uired to mark the electrosensitive paper. C al cu lati on s fo r s ty lus -d ri ver transformer T I indicated a turns ratio of 29:I on a %-inch sq uare core. It turns out that a Triad F-16X filament transformer has the sa me size core and a turn s ratio of 36 .5 :1 betwee n one-half the secondary and the 11 7 volt primary. A power tra nsistor ope ratin g at appro ximately 20 volts should be able to prov ide a stylus voltage about the sa me as that provid ed by a 6L6 operating at 250 volts. That indeed turn ed out to be the case . In fact , a 15-volt supply turn ed out to be more than adeq uate . . Power tran sistor Q2 is normally cut off until the signal reaches abo ut + I volt. From I volt to abo ut 2 .5 volt s TI 's seconda ry voltage rises from a level that produ ces a barely discernible mark to a level where the backing pap er begin s to burn through. (Average co llec tor current rises to about 500 mA .) Capacitor C I slows the amplifier's rise time to suppress an y tend ency toward s osc illation ca used by straycapacity feedback from QI's output to its input. Switch Sl is a retu rn- stroke signal disable switch like the one used in the scanner.
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III Porty """""" 'it'or~ "'l" 1lI'DlO , ~ ~loq.nlno l'i>lhhoid """ attl.c1... t:hat I "rot.~ "" tl llIi>joct fill llIIdl o rAC:>Wl~. ~l fl""lly t/lI1 ~n<l in the I~r 1940 a. '>Il thl' J oraatY 1 ~1 13llU<cS. R:ldl 0 fi.cal>dl. .... quite "" ..... in tl ,,,,,,, dJIyw W I hlly tlqlerl.lllontal. 1 to '''' ..,.toepUu-ttc.l. eel _ I ""~ bl:cecIcut; by a lP "t.tl"" ~ .I/l C1 ~ , au " .nul" I Ilt: l 11 ill 111gb lICtool aM beqon to """""-.. lfl tlo
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cuits work very well with the anc ient mechanisms. Figure 6 is a facsimi le print of the original draft of this art icle; Fig . 7 is a facs im ile prin t from a photogr aph of a well -know poli tician . In fact, as you ca n see from Fig . 6, the reproduction of th e ind ividu al charac ters by my ref urb ished printer co m pares favorabl y with the pri nt qu ality from so me of the new ma chines.
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FIG. 6-50-YEAR-OLD electrosensitive paper was used to make this facsimile of the original draft of this articlel
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FIG. 7-EVEN PHOTOGRAPHS can still be reproduced using the old equipment and paper.
It really works For almos t 50 years I man aged to hang on to several lOO-foo t rolls of the
spe c ial sprocke ted fac sim1i le pa pe r u s e d by m y mec hani sm s . Su rprisi ngly, after nearly a half-century there appears to be no deteri or ation in the paper 's recording q ual ity, Two I samples of documents sent from the scanner to the pr inter over a direct wire link show that my up-to-d ate c ir-
Conclusions Thi s project has been fun, to say the least. It was interesti ng to recall the man y difficult circuit pro blems I enco untered wh en bui lding facsimi le equipme nt back in the 1940 's . It was even more interesting and sat isfying to see the eno rmo us progress made possibl e by mod ern electronic components . But as goo d as my results are , mu ch ex perime ntation with clamping levels, offsets , and ga in remai ns to be done to improve the gray-scale performance of the sys tem . Unfortunately, the time will com e when my supp ly of elec trosensi tive paper is ex hausted. In view of that eventua lity, I am now co nsider ing the design of a drum-type scanne r usin g the sa me optical head described in thi s article . A drum-typ e sca nner ge nera tes a linear time-position rel ation sh ip for points on the document; a feature that makes it fairly simple to digitize and store the sig nals in a co mputer mem ory where they ca n be processed in a way suitable for transm ission to a d igit al printer. In that instance , a co mputer program is required to co nvert the dig ital ampli tude data into a co nstant-frequency variab le-dot form at for half-tone reproduction. I just hope it won ' t take me anot her 50 years to do it. R-E
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54
Of-------POWERLINE MONITOR
UNTIL RECENTLY WE SAFELY
could give little thought to the quality of the AC power coming out of our wall outlets . But the world is changing, and so are the power requirements of electronic equipment. Noisy, - - fluctuating--line- power- may not bother lamps, irons, or other appliances, but dirty' power can raise havoc with sensitive electronic devices such as personal computers. If you have ever lost data or "trashed" a program running on your computer, yournay have been a victim of a power brownout or excessive line noise, without realizing it. That could cause you to waste time troubleshooting the unit for an intermittent problem, when all that was wrong was a power glitch.
Power monitors A power monitor lets you keep an eye on the condition of your AC power. At a glance you can read the line voltage and be aware of brownouts and surges that might damage your equipment. It even lets you monitor the relative noise level on the line; a feature that helps you spot high-noise conditions that cause equipment problems. Also, as we'll show later, a power monitor's noise-level feature lets you test line filters quickly and easily. Although a professional-grade power monitor having those features is usually very clostly, this month we'll show you a hobbyist-grade version of the device that can be built for as little as $45 . Even so, if precision components are used it can read the powerline voltage down to tenths of a volt with an accuracy that exceeds 0 .5%. Also, relatively large 0.56-
POWER MONITOR
Solve those power problems with this power monitor!

GARY McCLELLAN
inch LED's displays make it easy to read the line voltage and relative noise levels at a glance.
How it works The schematic of the circuit IS shown in Fig. 1. The dashed lines represent the edges of a printed-circuit board. The lettered terminals on the dashed lines correspond to lettered solder pads on the PC-board to which the external components are connected. For example, switch SI -b
connects to solder pads on the PC board labeled A, B, and c. The power monitor is a simple, straightforward device using an Intersil ICM710 76 digital voltmeter (IC2), which reads 0-1. 999 volts DC. For - AG-voltage measurements, the applied voltage is simply rectified to DC before being fed to the digital voltmeter. For noise readings, a high-pass filter and peak-reading rectifier circuit are substituted for the conventional AC rectifier. A regulated power supply, ICl, provides the reference voltage needed by IC2. The basic' digital-voltmeter circuit is built around ICI and IC2 . DC inputs from the voltsor noise-measuring circuits appear across resistor R8 and capacitor C9 . Those components attenuate and filter the signal from the volts- and noise-measuring circuitry. The signal is then applied to IC2, pin 31, via resistor Rll and is measured. (Resistor Ril and capacitor CIO provide overload protection for IC2.) The applied voltage is converted by IC2 into driving signals for displays DSPI and DSP2. A key part of the digital voltmeter is a reference voltage source from IC1. It determines the overall accuracy of the unit because IC2 makes measurements by comparing a known reference voltage with the unknown input. In this instance the reference voltage is provided by adjustable voltage regulator ICl, a low-cost adjustable voltage regulator. The regulated output voltage of 1 volt appears at the wiper of potentiometer R6 and is applied to IC2 pin 36. Because ICI will not regulate the output voltage if too little current is drawn, resistor R4 ensures
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FIG.1-THE POWER MONITORINDICATESeither the applied line voltage or the powerline noise. The noise level is determined by passing the line voltage through high-pass filter C1/R1/C2.
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regulation by providing a minimum output current drain for ICI ; the current loading caused by R4 ensures that ICI will provide a constant 1.23volt output. The AC-voltage circuit is simple and easy to understand . Line voltage appearing across the IN terminals on the PC board is rectified by diode Dl . The pulsating DC output from Dl is scaled down to the 1.2-volt range by resistors R2, R3 , and R8. Capacitor C9 filters the pulsatin g DC so it can be measured. For improved safety and reliability, two separate resistors, R2 and R3 , are used instead of a single
resistor. That is necessary because sma ll precision resistors are usually rated at only 250 volts DC , which is marginal for use in this application .
Noise measurements The noise-measuring circuit con-. sists of a high-pass filter and a voltage-doubler rectifier circuit. Capac itors Cl and C2, and resistor RI , filter out the 60-Hz hum compone nt, leaving only line noises to be measured. Diodes 0 2 and 0 3 rectify noise components into DC values. The output fro m 0 3 dri ve s re si st or R8 and charges capacitor C9 to the peak val-
ue of the noise signal. Understand that the noise readings are relative' because they are determined by the duration, waveshape , and peak value of the noise pulses. In normal use , that limitation should not cause problems for the user.
The power supply Both regul ated and unregul ated voltages are used. Diode 0 4 and capacitorC13 provide -4.7 volts for the analog circuitry inside IC2. Diodes 05 and 08 provide pulsating DC for powering LED displ ays DSPI and DSP 2. Using -pul sating DC for the
PARTS LIST All resistors %-watt, 5%, carbon film unless otherwise noted. R1-100,000 ohms R2, R3-221,000 ohms, Va-watt, 1% metal film . R4, R12-470 ohms R5-3300 ohms, Va-watt, 1% metal film R6--1000-ohm cermet trimmer potentiometer (Digi-Kev OFA13) R7-15,000 ohms, Ya-watt, 1% metal film R8-10,000 ohms, Ya-watt, 1% metal film R9-100,000 ohms R10-470,000 ohms R11-1 megohm R13, R14-220 ohms Capacitors C1 , C2-470 pF, 1000 volts, ceramic disc C3, C4, C1G-O .01 fl-F, 50 volts, ceramic disc C5-100 pF, 500 volts, ceramic disc C6--0.1 fl-F, 50 volts, polyester film C7-.047 fl-F, 50 volts, polyester film C8-0.22 IJ..F, 50 volts, polyester film Cg, C1 4-10 fl-F, 16 volts, radial tantalum C11 -C13-220 fl-F, 10 volts, radial electrolytic Semiconductors IC1-LM317L, voltage regulator IC2-ICM7107CPL, ND converter DSP1, DSP2-Dual 0.5-inch common-anode LED display (Digi-Key P337ND or equivalent) D1-1N4004 rectifier diode D2, D3-1N4148 switching diode D4-D8-1N4002 rectifier diode D9-1 N4732 Zener diode Other components F1-Fuse, % ampere PL1-Linecord plug S1-3P3P rotary switch, see text T1-Filament transformer: 6.3 VCT, 600 rnA, Stancor P-6465 or equivalent part Miscellaneous: Cabinet, printed-circuit materials, IC socket, hardware, wire, solder, etc.
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FIG. 2-USE A SOCKET FOR IC2, and do not install the IC itself until all other PC-board components are installed.
displays rather than using a steady DC voltage lowers IC2 's power dissipation. Finally, a regulated + 4 .7-volt source for IC2 is provided via Zener diod e D9 .
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FIG. 3-FOLD THE CAPACITORS FLAT AGAINST THE BOARD to ensure clearance between the board and the cabinet. To prevent strain on the leads, bend them before soldering.
Parts A few parts that might prove difficult to get are the precision resistor s and capacitors , and the plastic case. Precision resistors tend to be tough to
buy in small qu antities from local so urces, but seve ral Radio-Electronics advertisers do stock them . In a pinch, you can substitute the nearest value Y 4-watt ca rbon-film res istors, but then the unit's precision will suffer. The polyester capacitors are widely available from many sources , but the electrolytic capacitors may prove difficult to get. You may prefer to use 220-fLF, 16-volt units and mount them on the foil side of the board where there is more room. And finally, the
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plastic case is a product from LMB/ Heeger, Inc. Their products are widely available from distribut ors, so ask your l ocal dealer if it can be specia lord ered. Oth er wi se , you ca n sub: stitute any kind of plastic case and plastic mounting hardware .
error, check the power-supply voltages and the reference voltage at IC2 pin 36. If the voltages are good, either IC2 is bad or installed wrong. Lastly, if displays co ntinually show 000, check the positio n of the knob on S I's shaft, it is probabl y wrong.
FIG . 4- VO LT S-NO ISE SWITCH S1 is mounted on the foil side of the PC-board. Its connections are tack-soldered to the appropriate solder pads.
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The cabinet Finally, install the PC board and its external components in a plastic cabinet. First , drill all the necessary holes in the front of the cabinet and smooth the edges of the display cutout with a file . Then use press-on letters to label the project. Mark a location in the center of the rear case half and drill a Y 4-inch hole that will be use for a hanger bracket. To install the parts in the case, install threaded space rs on the component side of the board and then push the board into the case and secure it with nylon sc rews . Tum S l full y counter c loc kw ise and ins ta ll the knob on its shaft so it's pointing to VOLTS. Then install the fuseholder and transformer T I adjacent to the PCboard with nylon screws . Push the linecord through a hole in the bottom of the case and knot it inside the case for extra security. Finish the proj ect by wiri ng the
cord, fuseholder, and transformer to the board. Double check your work to make sure that the green seco ndary wires from Tl go to the board 's AC so lder pads and gro und terminals, while the AC linecord go to the IN terminals. Before closing the case, install the fuse and cut a piece of scra p plastic so that it fits over the PC-board , between the switch and the sides of the cabinet. The material provides an extra margin of safety by insulating the circuit from any screw or nail passing through the back of the case. Close up the case and you are done!
Calibration Plug the power monitor into an AC outlet and note that the display lights up and indicates some value . If the display does n't light, quickly tum off the power and check for a wiring error, or a solder bridge . For best calibration accuracy you will need a high-quality digital multimeter. Set the multimeter to the 200volt AC range and connect it to the same AC outlet to which the power monitor is connected . Insert a screwdriver through the case hole that allows access to CA L contro l R6" and adjust R6 until both meters read the same value. Troubleshooting If the power monitor doesn 't work at all, or is inaccurate , and the problem does n't appear to be a wiring
Digital Telephone Lock

This easy-to-build device prevents unauthorized use of your telephone.
LAST MONTH WE EXAMINED HOW TH E DIGI-
tal telephone-lock work s . Thi s month , we'll build the unit , show how the security code is programmed, and how to retrofit the system for use with pulse-dialed phones. Maintaining connection While using a telephone you might have noticed the sound of clicks in the receiver when the central office connects you to the called party. The clicks are an interruption of the voltage to the telephone instrument. If no means of counteracting the voltage interruptions were applied to our circuit, the small internal LED across pins I and 2 of ICI would go out and ICI's output would reverse, causing RYI to drop out and interrupt the call. Capacitor C7, which is connected between the base of QI and the + 6volt suppl y, prevents RYI from dropping out. The capacitor charges when a ground (low) is available at QI 's base . During a brief interruption in the telephone line voltage, the capacitor discharges and applies a low (ground) to QI's base , thereby keeping RYI energi zed during the entire interruption. When the telephone call is completed , returning the handset to its cradle disconnects the telephone line from the On-Hook Detector, thereby restoring ICI pin 5 to a high, which cuts off QI , causing RYI to drop out making sure that the telephone is returned to its standby condition. Incoming calls The security code isn't needed to answer an incoming call because the
Tele-Guard has an over-ride circuit that allows the secured telephone to answer a ringing signal. The over-ride circuit is based on opto -isolator IC2, which functions as a ring detector. A telephone ringing signal , which appears across the red and green telephone wires, is approximately 90-100 volts at 20-30 Hz . If you trace the circuit shown in Fig. 5, you'll find a that a series circuit consisting of capacitor C4 , resistor R5, and IC2, is connected across the telephone line. When the ringing signal is received, IC2 's internal LED begins to flash , which causes pin 5 of IC2 to go low. That low is then applied through diode D6 to the base of QI, which causes Q I to conduct and energize relay RYI. When the relay pullsin, the contacts then connect the tele-
phone to the telephone line so the call can be answered . Unfortunately, there is a problem with that arrangement. Pin 5 of IC2 goes low only when its internal LED flashes, which means that the telephone can only be answered during the ringing half of the signalling cycle. To overcome the problem, R4 and C3 are added to provide a steady low to QI's base whenever pin 5 of IC2 attempts to go high. The R4/C3 time constant is approximately four seconds, which is more then enough time to compensate for the off-period of the ring cycle. Wiring the header The wiring of S02 determines the specific digits and their sequence needed to unlock the telephone. For
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FIG. 6-TWO GROUPS OF HEADER CON,NECTIONS are needed for the security code. A four-wire group sets the combination. The six-wire group provides the rnlsdlaled digit reset.
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simplicity, the required S02 connections has been broken down into the wiring groups shown in Fig. 6. Figure 6 is a top view of the S02 20-pin header assembly. Pins 1-6 are used for the mi s-dial ed-digit reset pul se (more on tha t a little later). Pin s 7-10 are the selected unlo cking digits, where pin 10 is the first digit that is entered, pin 9 is the second , pin 8 is the third, and pin 7 is the fourth and last digit. Pins 11-20 are connected directly to the decoded decimal output from IC6, where, in the stand-by mode , they are all high . Before any wiring can take place, determine the four-digit combination . Any digit from a to 9 can be used. The combination can .contain double digits, such-as2-2-3-4, 4-4-9 9,etc. ------i For example , assume you wish to use the combination: 9862 The combination can also be written as shown in Table 2 . As shown in Fig . 6, using jumper wires , connect header pin 19 to pin 10. That will indicate to the TeleGuard that the number 9 will be the first digit of the unlocking sequence. Connect header pin 18 to pin 9. That will indicate that the number 8 is to be the second unlocking digit. Connect header pin 16 to pin 8. That indicates that the third digit is 6. Then connect header pin 12 to pin 7 , indicating that the number 2 is the fourth and final digit in the four-digit combination. The remaining S02 wiring is the additional wiring needed for a digitreset pul se . Connect the remaining six unused digits (pins 11 , 13, 14, 15, 17, and 20) to header pins I through 6. When S02 's wiring is completed and checked out, snap on the header's cover and write the combination on the cover.
PARTS LIST All resistors Y4-watt, 10%, unless otherwise noted. R1 , R14-1000 ohms R2. R1o-R13-220 ohms R3-47,OOO ohms R4-220.000 ohms R5, R8-10,OOO ohms R6. R7-120 ohms, 1 watt R9-1 meghohm Capacitors C1-2.2 JloF. 250 volts, non-polarized C2, C4-0.22 JloF, 100 volts C3-1000 JloF, 10 volts, radial electrolytic C5-2.2 JloF. 16volts, axial electrolytic C6-0.01 JloF, 100 volts, ceramic disc C7-47 JloF, 16 volts , radial electrolytic C8-2200 JloF, 35 volts, radial electrolytic C9-470 JloF, 35 volts, radial electrolytic C10-0.22 JloF, 50 volts, ceramic disc Semiconductors IC1-IC3-4N33 opto-isolator IC4-7404 hex inverter IC5-M-957-01 DTMF receiver IC6-74154 4-to-16 decoder IC7-74LS30, 8-input NANO gate IC8, IC9-7474 dual D-type flip-flop IC1G-LM7812 12-volt voltage regulator IC11-LM7806, 6-volts voltsage regulator Q1-2N4402 D1 ,D2,D8-D12- 1N4001 D3-D7-1N914 LED1-LED4- light -emitting diode, red Other components PL1-modular plug with attached cord RY1-6-volts DPDT, (Digi-Key Corp. Z115-ND) S01-modular telephone socket S02-20-pin header with cover T1 -wall transformer, 12-18 volts, 500mA XTAL1-3.58-MHz crystal Miscellaneous: cabinet , TouchTone telephone, printed-circuitmaterials, wire, etc. Note: The following is available from Del-Phone Industries, Inc., P.O. Box 150, Elmont, New York 11003: Etched and drilled printed-circuit board, $24:, M-957-01 DTMF receiver; $15.95; 3.5S-MHz DTMF crystal, 1.75. Add $2.00 for postage and handling. New York State residents must add appropriate sales tax.
ICll
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As stated earlier, the Tele-Guard can provide maximum secur ity to
TABLE 2 HEADER CONNECTIONS Digit Place Combination Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3 Digit 4 9 8 6 2
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Header Pin Number 19 18 16 12
FIG. 7-THE PC BOARD is relat ively large and should present no assembly prob lems. Just make certain LED's 1-4 are installed on the cabinet in the correct order so you can observe the correct digit entry sequence.
your telephone by makin g use of a circuit that will reset the D-typ e flipflops (IC8 and IC9) every time an incorrect digit is entered as part of the unlocking sequence.
The heart of the reset circuit is IC7 , an 8-input NAND gate . To refresh your memory of di gital elec tro nics , the output pin of a NAND gate will go high when any of its eight inputs goes low.
60
In the case of Tele-Guard, header pin s 1-6 are connected directly to IC7. The additional two IC7 input pins, which are not used, are connected to the + 6-volt power supply. In that state , all the inputs are high so the output is low. For example, lets assume that keypad's number 9 button is pressed. That causes header-pin 19.to go low as long as the button is depressed . The jumper wire from header-pin 19 passes the low to header-pin 10, which is connected to the sequential pass-on circuitry (IC8 and IC9). At this point , all is well. Assume that the second digit entered via the keypad is the number 3. By referring to Fig. 6, you can see that header-pin 13 is pulled low. The jumper-from pin -13-pull s-p in-2-low-.The No.3 digit is considered to be a mis-dialed entry becau se our code requires the second number dialed to be an 8, not a 3. Since the 3 puts a low on headerpin 2, and since pin 2 is connected to one of NAND-gate IC8's inputs, IC8's output (pin 8) goes high . That high is inverted by IC4 to a low, which is passed on to IC8 and IC9 via pins 4 and 10. Both IC8 and IC9 reset when pins 4 and 10 are low, thereby canceling the previously saved unlockingdi git information . To by-pass the Tele-Guard , the user must enter the complete four-digit code in the proper sequence. Visual indicator LED's 1-4 , shown in Fig. 5, provide a visual indication of the unlocking sequence. They light in sequence as the correct combination is entered. When the fourth digit is entered , LED 's 1-3 extinguish and LE04 goes on, which indicates that the telephone has access to the outside telephone line. Construction The Tele-guard is assembled on a double -sided PC board; the templates for the board are provided in PC Service . Alternatel y, an etc hed and drilled board can be purchased from the source given in the Parts List: Take note that the PC board, whether homebrewed or purchased, does not have plated-throu gh holes ; whic h mean s that after a comp onent is placed on the board you must solder a component's leads to the traces on both sides of the board.
FIG. 8-SINCE NOTHING IS CRITICAL you can install the PC board in just about any kind of cabinet. Note the heat sinks attached to IC10and IC11 , which are located on the left side of the PC board.
EXTENSION TELEPHONES LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
TO ALL TELEPHONES
TO AOOITIONAL EXTENSION TELEPHONES
TO CENTRAL OFFICE OIAL TONE LINE
FIG. 9--WHETHER YOU HAVE ONE PHONE or several extensions, the Tele-Guard connects between the regular telephone line and all telephones connected to it.
Using Fig. 7 as a reference , install the resistors and capacitors first, then the solid-state devices and the relay. Use sockets or strip-socket sections for IC5 and IC6, and for header S0 2. And make certain that you install heat sinks having at least 2Y4 square-inch of area on ICIO and ICll.
To conserve space, diodes 0 9-0 12 must be mounted standing on end . Just make sure their polarity is correct before soldering. The completed unit can be installed in just about any kind of cabinet that you might have lying around. The cabinet that is shown in Fig. 8 was
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made from a sheet of aluminum for the chassis, with wood blocks used for the sides. Checkout When all components are installed , soldered , and checked for proper polarity, plug in AC-wall-transformer T1 (12 to 18 YAC, 500 rnA) and check for proper voltages at the power supply. If everything check s out , connect the telephone to be secured to SOl. Then , using the keypad, key in the programmed security code and note the lighting of LED's 1-3. When the fourth digit is entered, you should hear the relay pull in. Simultaneously, LED4 should light while LED's 1-3 go out. (The relay will only pull in and then drop out.) _ _ _ConnecLtheJ ed.and.greeILw1res.o, -_ a modular telephone cord to their proper locations on the PC board and plug the other end into the normal telephone modular wall connector. Again , using the proper unloc king code , enter the four security digits. When the fourth digit is entered the relay will pull in and self-lock, and you will hear a dial tone in the telephone 's receiver. To further test out the operation of Tele-Guard , hang-up the telephone , then lift the hand set again . This time enter the first two digits of the unlocking code . Note that LED! and LED2 light up. Then press any other button that is not associated with the code. This time both LED 's should go out. To test the on-hook circu it, lift the handset and enter one or more of the digi ts needed to unlock your telephone ; then hang up. The LED 's that have ju st been turned on will extinguish , indicating that the counters were reset. To test the security over-ride circuit , have a friend call you. When the telephone rings, note that LED4 will light during the ringing half of the signaling cycle . Then lift the handset; you should be able to carry on a conversation without any further action on your part.
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FIG. 10-THE SUBASSEMB LY CONSISTS OF only two IC's and crystal XTAL1. The crystal is the same one that's used in the DTMF version of the Tete-Guard.
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phones by simply adding a retrofit to the original project. The retrofit consists of a few easyto-do modifications-to -the-origi nal project. One of the modifications is a small subassembly, shown in Fig. IOJ. that substitutes for IC5-the DTMt< recei ver. To avoid confusi on , th e retrofit uses the part-number sequence from the original Tele-Guard; hence , the subassembly's integrated circuits are labeled ICI2 and ICl3 . Pulsed dialing The heart of the subasse mbly is ICI2, Teletone's M C-959 dial-pul se co unte r, wh ich con vert s vo ltage pulses correspondin g to rotary-phone dialing digits into a binary-coded output. It is essentially a direct substitute for the original DTMF receiver (IC5), except, instead of voltage pulses, the DTMF recei ver converts audio tones that represent Touch-Tone digits into a binary-coded output. ICl3 is the trig ger for ICI 2 . It monitors the telephone line for dialpul se sig na ll ing and hook sta tus . When the telephone is o n-hook , ICl3's output is an active low. When the telephone goes off-hook, the output goes hi gh , thereby triggerin g ICI 2 's on/off hoo k and operating timers, which, in turn , trigger ICI2's internal break counter, digit decode r, and output control. Printed circuit The subasse mbly is built on a small printed- circuit board . A full- scale trace templ ate is shown in PC Service. Alternately, the PC board is included in a complete kit of retrofit parts that is available from the source given in the Parts List. The parts layout is shown in Fig. 11. Note , in particular, that the two Ie's
FIG. 11-THE PARTS LAYOUT for the subassembly. Make certain the IC's are positioned correctly. Their number-1 pins are opposed.
wire s have been exchanged somewhere between the phone jack and the central office. If you're in doubt about the connection, check it out. Pulse-dial retrofit Although the Tele-Guard was specifically designed for use with Touch Ton e telephones, it can also provide the same kind of security for rotary and push-button pulse-dialed telePARTS LIST FOR PULSE DIALER
C11-330 f1F, 16-volt, radial-lead capacitor IC12-M-959, dial pulse counter IC13-74LS13, Schmitt trigger XTAL1-3.50-MHz crystal, see text Misc:-Printed circuit materials, wire, solder, etc. Note: A kit containing all the retrofit parts and a printed-circuit board is available from Del Phone Industries, Inc., P.O. Box 150, Elmont, New York 11003. Price is $14 plus $2 postage and handling. New York residents must add the appropriate sales tax.
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MUlti-telephone system Figure 9 shows a multi-teleph one home installation . Notice that all telephones in the home have been connected in parallel . Make certain you obser ve the red- green polarity but keep in mind that telephone installers have been known to make mistakes, and you may find the red and green
62
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FIG. 12- THE RETROFIT'S MODIFICATIONS to the main PC board are shown highlighted. Remove R9, CS, ICS, and XTAL1. Install C11, 22 solid wires in the holes left when ICS is removed, and a jumper from R6 to ICS's pin 11.
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the board-without damage to either the parts or the printed-circuit traces . The best and the easiest solder removal will be attained using a braid about lI8-inch wide . Double-check to be sure that every hole at ICS's location is open. Install the crystal on the subassem bly's PC board. A pulse dial actually connects and disconnects the teleph one set from its line in rapid success ion. If the makebreak sequence wasn't compensated, the very first pulse would cause the Tete-Guard to disconnect the tel ephone from its line . To prevent an automatic disconnect, tack-solder a 330- f-LF/l6 -vo lt rad ia l- lead elec trolytic capacitor across resistor R8. (In keeping with our policy of using the part number sequence from the original project , the caRacitor is Cll. ) If there is sufficient clearance between the original PC board and its metal cabinet, you can install Cll on the foil side of the board. The polarity of Cl l must be correc t. When co nnec ted. across R8 , Cll 's positive lead should point toward IC4; the negative lead should point towards IC2.
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FIG. 13-SLIDE THE SUBASSEMBLY on the 22 wires sticking up from the main board. Solder the wires on both sides of the main board.
are mounted oppose d; that is, pin 1 of both Ie's point in opposite directions The double row of holes on the subassembly's PC board correspond to ICS's pin pattern on the original Tele-Guard's PC board . (Henceforth, we will refer- to the origi nal TeteG uard PC boa rd as the main PC board.) Make certain that none of the holes get filled with solder during assem bly. (Obviously, ICS isn't needed if you' re building the entire pulsedialin g Tete-Guard from scratch.) Complete the assembly except for the 3.S8-M Hz crystal, XTALl. The crystal is the one used in the DTMF Tete-Guard . If you're doing a retrofit, the crystal must be removed from the
original PC board. If you're building from scratch , simply install XTALl directl y on the subasse mbly. Set the subassembly aside until you comp lete a few modifications to the main Tete-Guard PC board .
FIG. 14-THE WIRES can be pre-soldered to the subassembly first, as shown. Make certain that the wires are straight, before sliding them into the matching holes on the main board.
Modifications The modi fications are shown highlighted in Fig. 12. You can enter the changes on the original schematic , or photocopy Fig. 12 and paste it over the original full schematic. From the main PC board , remove XTALl, ICS, CS, and R9. If you remove the solder from each connection using one of the available desoldering brai ds, the parts. will literally fall off
Install a jumper on the main PC boar d across the two empty solder pads that are located directly adjacent to R7 (on the side opposite R6). The jumper connects the ungrounded side of R6 to pin II of ICS, which is used only as an interconnect to the small subasse mbly. Use Fig. 13for reference and solder 22 solid, 1Y2-inc h long, uninsulated wires in ICS's holes. (They will be cut to length after the subassembly is installed .) The wire size can be No . 20,
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{"* The BCG easy-to-use logic 4:., probe finds even the toughest faulty circuits!
The ECG~ compact.Ilghtweight PR21logic probe makes troubleshooting and analyzing faulty lo~c circuits a snap.The PR21 is sw itch selectable (pulse detection or memory) and is com patible with TTL/CMOS.The PR2Fs other capabilities: responds to a pulse as narrow as 30-ns o operates up to 20 Mhz audible lOgiC state tones The ECG PR21 is powered , by the circuit being tested, eliminating the need for a battery or other external power The Smart Choice. source. Contact one of our more than 900 1-800-225-8326 for .the distributors, o~ name of the distributor nearest you. It lust might be the smartest call yo u make ali w eek. A North A merican Philips Company
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PIlilipsECG
CIRCLE 250 ON FREE I ~ EORMArION_C AR D
Don't let the size fool you!

The ECG~ pocket-size DM-25 digital Multimeter isproof that good things come in small packages! The DM-25 offers 4 function s, 14 ranges, and utilizes a 0.5'/, 3th C1igit LCD display. The push button, easy to use DM-25's other features include: 0.5% basic accuracy 10 megohm input resistance, DC overload protection o RF shielding auto-p olarity The ECG DM-25 also comes w ith a carrying case, battery, test leads, and instruction manual. Contact one of our m ore than 900 distributors, or call 1-800-225-8326 for the nam e The Smart Choice. of the distributor nearest you. It just might be the smartest call yo u make all w eek. rt
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22, or 24. Note , from Fig. 13 , that so me of the wires make co nnection to traces on both the top and the bottom of the main board, so ma ke certain that you so lde r both sides (the holes are not plated throu gh ). After soldering the wires , bend them upward , at rig ht an gle to the board . Again using Fig . 13 as the refere nce, pos iti on the subassemb ly d irectly over the 22 wi res and slide the subassembly o n the wires . Make certain that eac h wire passes throu gh its correspon din g hole. Position the subassembly so that it does n' t touch anyth ing o n th e main board a nd th en sol de r the w ires to the subas sembly's so lde r pads. Th at wi ll complete the ret rofit. (No te : If it's more co nve nient , install the wi res on the subassem bly firs t; -t hen-pass the m thro ug h the holes in the ma in bo ard . Figure 14 shows the subassembly w ith the wi res pre- installed .) Instead of using ind ividual wires to connect the subassembly to the main board , you may want to use a wirewrap IC socket. M ake sure you leave enoug h room for soldering.
Program and checkout

Program the main PC board with the sec uri ty-c ode fo r the pul se-di al Tet e-Gu a rd exac t ly as it was d escribed for the Tou ch-Tone vers ion . Every thi ng e lse t he n re ma ins t he same . You ga in access to the telephon e lin e by first pul se-dialing the four-digit sec urity co de . Withi n a sec ond or two a dial to ne will be heard from the rece iver and you then dial the desired tel ephon e number.
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A North A merican Philips Compa ny
CIRCLE 251 ON FREE INFORMATION CA RD
The BCG digital capacitance meter measures up to 20,000 uF!

The ECG~ battery operated is a highlXaccurate, digital capacitance meter that m easures 0.1pF to 2'0,000 uF over 9 ranges using a m~ digit LCD display. And it has decimal conversions printed on the meter front for quick [rmm j. reference. Other features are: o 0.5% basic accuracy . zero adjustment . input protected o overrange indicator
Redial option
If yo u 're using a pul se-di alin g telepho ne havi ng a last-number red ial butto n , kee p in mind that the tel epho ne company 's ce ntra l office mu st de liver a dia l ton e before it accepts dialing pulses . If you press the redial button , yo ur ca ll will not go throu gh , because yo ur telephone wi ll dial the four-digi t sec ur ity code and then the tele phone num ber. The Tet e-G uar d will accept o nly the first four d igits and co nnect yo ur te le ph on e to the line . It then takes up to two seconds for the ce ntral office to deli ver dia l to ne ; meanwhile , your telephone is sti ll pulsi ng out digits . The ce ntra l offic e , of co urse, will not rece ive any digits un til the dial ton e is appl ied . Put simp ly, you ca n' t use redial with the Tete-G uard. R-E
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The ECG comes equipped with a carrying case, test leads, battery, spare fuse, ana instruction manual: C?ntact one The Smart Choice. of our m ore than 900 distributors, or call 1-800-225-8326 for the name of the distributor nearest you. It just might be the smartest callyo u make all w eek.
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Build
THE RADIO-ELECTRONICS ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEM
This month we show you how to add X-tO compatibility to REAC-ISJor-easY-- - - home automation.
That program would continuously input the binary value of the switches and then output that value to the _ _ relays on the-octal-I/O-module . Each switch occupies one bit of the byte read from I/O port 20. If the switch is on, the corresponding bit will be a l , and when the byte is sent to the octal I/O module (line 20), the corresponding relay will be activated.
Software for the X-10 module . We have already men tioned how easy it is to write programs for the REACTS X-lO module using the available driver software. Using that software, only two program lines are needed to send a command to an X-10 remote module, and one of them is always the same-for example: GOSUB X-lO. The other program line can be written in one of two ways, depending on the program mode . In mode 1, the program line is made up of a string that contains the
LAST MONTH WE BEGAN TO DIS-
how the REACTS X-lO module works, however,as is often the case , we ran out of room and were forced to end our discussion. 'S o , this month we continue our explanation on the X-lO~mod ule 's operation . We'll also talk about the software that makes our system "tick," and then show you how to build the module so that it can become a working part of your REACTS system. The X-lO module includes eight status LED's and eight SPST input switches. The switches, through software, can be used to turn lights and/or appliances, that are connected to X-lO modules, on or off. Likewise, the status of those appliances (whether they are on or off) can be determined by the LED's . The LED 's and switches are located at one of the REACTS 110 ports . The switches are read by inputting from the port and the LED's are turned on or off by outputting the correct bit combination to the port. Since the switches and LED's are independent from the X-lO functions of the module, they are not necessarily confined for use with only the X-lO module. For examp le, the switches could be used to activate or deactivate the relays on the octal VO module . The following example program illustrates that. In it we will assume that
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JIM BYBEE
the X-IO's SPST switches are ad dressed to I/O port address 20, and the octal I/O relays at I/O port 55: 10 SWITCHES = INP(20) 20 OUT 55, SWITCHES 30 GOTO 10
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FUNCTION CODE SEQUENCE
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FIG. 1-EACH BIT OF THE FOUR-BIT START CODE can be transmitted on consecutive zero crossings of the AC power line. The other nine bits of each thirteen-bit word must be sent out in true form first, then in its inverse form . Each thirteen-bit word must be sent to the module at least twice.
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FIG. 2-PARTS-PLACEMENT DIAGRAM. Follow this when installi ng all parts on the X-10board , and don 't forget to use sockets forthe ICs.
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66
module 's house and key codes, and the function to be perfonned-for example: A,2, OFF. In mode 2, the progra m line co nta ins a user-defined string that repres ents that inform ation- for example: MASTER BEDROOM ON . Outputting a control signal to a single X-1O module requires the sending of two thirteen-bit data words. The first thirteen -bit word (the number code) selects the number of the module to be controlled, and the second word (the function code) selects the type offunction (on, off, dim , brighten) to be perform ed . The first four bits of both thirteen-bit words is a start code (1 110) that is always the same. The next four bits represent the house code (A through P), and the final five select either the number of the module being selected (0 through 16) or the number of the function to be per~ . fonned (on, off, dim, or bright). With z the all-on and all-offfunctions (where ~ all of the modul es are affected), only t3 the function code is sent. ~ Each bit of the four-bit start code ca n be tran smitted on con secuti ve is zero cross ings of the AC power line . ri However, the other nine bits of each
thirteen-bit word must be sent out in true form first, then in its inverse form on the very next zero crossing (see Fig. I). Additionally, each thirteen-bit word must be sent to the modul e at least twice . As you can see, the actual transmitting of the code s to the X-1O remote modules is somewhat involved . However, the REACTS X-IO software handles all the detail s of transmitting to the X-1O remote modules, allowing you to concentrate on the main objectives of your control program .
Construction Very little in the way of assembly is required for the X-1O module . You can purchase a co mplete kit of parts, or ju st a PC board with or without the PAL's . You 'll also need a 4-conductor telephone cord with RJl4 plu gs at both ends, and an X-1O PL513 Power Line Interface modul e . You can buy a PC board or else you can make one from the foil pattern s in PC Service, and follow Fig. 2 for correct placement of all of the components. Just solder in all of the parts being sure to use sockets for the IC' s. Then just press the appropri ate IC 's into their
respecti ve sockets . Figure 3 shows you the completed board .
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FIG.3-THE COMPLETED BOARD. Notice the eight programmable switches.
With the REACTS X-1O interface , you take a great leap toward automating your home , and you may indeed be content with the capabilities you now have . However, we will be discussing other modules in the future , includin g an AID conversion block, R-E battery backup, and more .
COPING
WITH
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DAVID E. POWELL, KA4KNG
Coils of any kind can be
BACK IN THE " GOLDEN AGE" OF ELEC-
tronics projects, even the local radiorepair shop often stocked an extensive assortment of RF coils, And most certainly, th e maj or mail -order distributors, such as Lafayette and Allied Radio , stocked almos t every inductor used in the civilized world. Today, however, there is littl e available in stock RF coils, and those that do exist ca n take a lot of effort to locate . Although we have yet to develop an inexpensive solid-state substitute for coi ls , you don 't necessarily have to give up on a radio -frequency project because your local parts distributor no longer stocks RF coils. Simply design and build the needed inductor yourself ! If you have access to a com puter, designin g the coil shouldn't be any more complicated than typing your name if you use the BASIC program show n in Listi ng I. In fact, the only problem you might have will be to locate the needed wire type or size-because certain wire sizes can be hard to locate . But even that problem is easily resolved by our program, because you can keep plugging in the data for available wire types until the computer comes up wit h the needed design.
es through a wire it creates a circ ular magnetic field around the wire. Since the magnetic field is weak and spread out along the entire length of the wire, we would have a hard time putting the field to a good , if any, use . But if we wind the wire into a coil, we still have the same amount of overall magnetism; only now, instead of being distributed along the length of wire, the magnetic field is concentrated into an area equal to the length and diameter of the coil. By co ncentrating the magnetic field into a smaller space, we have create d a magnetic field that is sufficiently strong to be useful. But a coil having a speci fic length , and shape prod uces a spec ific magnetic field (see Fig, I). To increase the magnetic field, it's necessary to increase the current flowing in the wire by increas ing the voltage ap plied across the coil .
. Electricity and magnetism It is a basic characteristic of elec tric ity that when electric current pass-
FIG.1-THE INDUCTANCE of a coil is determined by its physical parameters (a, b, and c) and the number of turns
In a sense, the coil stores electrical energy in the magneti c field. Removing the source of electricity from the coil causes the magnetic field to collapse around the coil . As the field collapses, the magnet ic lines of force cross the wires of the coil, converting the stored magnetic energy back into electrical energy. The net result is that the current developed by the collapsing magneti c field tries to keep flowing through the coil for a short period of time after the electrical source is rem oved . Reconn ecting the source voltage has the oppos ite effect; that is, as the magnetic field ' builds up, the lines of magnetic force cross the wires of the coil in the oppos ite direction to the current developed by the collapsing magnetic field , That creates an opposing force to the current flowing throu gh the wire. In ot her words, when the applied voltage is either AC or in terrupted DC , the coi l (a lso called an inductor) resists a change in electrical current, but not the actual current itself. From the previous discu ssion , it would seem that the single most importa nt thing we can measure about an inductor is the strength of its magne tic field. In a sense, that is true . However, the strength of the field depends on conditions externa l to the inductor, namely the amount of voltage applied to it. For this reason, the term Hen-
~
~
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67
Iy-named after the American physicist Joseph Henry-was co ined to descri be the electrical characteristics of inductors . The inductance of a coil is one Henry when a current variation of one ampere-per-second induces one volt of elec trical opposition to current flow.
The inductor But conditions other than the applied voltage can affect the strength of the magnetic field. If we want to increase the strength of the field without increasin g the applied voltage, we can: Add more turns to the coil, because
LISTING 1
100 'progr am to ca lcu late t h e number o f tu rns f or an
in d uc t or ~
11 0 c1s ,pi =3 .141S926545 120 k= 1473 0 6 1 . 8 5 5 13 0 p r i n t " 140 print " 15 0 print" 16 0 pri nt" Inductor Desi gn Ca lculator b y Davi d E . Po we l l, KA4KNG 'mhos per square inch of area of copper
II " II "
lb= = = = = = = = = = = ==!l 'l " :.p r i nt : pr- i nt
21 0 input "De si r e d inductance in micr ohenries" ; L 220 input "Ga u g e or di ameter o f wire i n inches " ; diameter 230 input "D i a me t e r of coil form in i n c h e sh ; f o r m 240 if diameter >= 1 th en diameter = . 4 6 I 1 .12292 830 27 ~(diamete r +3 ) 250 print :print "c alculating" ; 260 lay ers=l
500 a= diameter*layers+form
5 05 print
fI .. .. ;
'Single l a y e r s tarti ng out
'A vera g e co il diameter to cent er o f
t h i c kn e s s
more turns mean s more wire, which means a greater concentrated magnetic field. Increase the diameter of the coil, because a larger diameter means more wire , etc ., etc . Decrease the length of the coil, because this would have the effect of concentrating the magnetic field into a sma ller area , thereb y mak ing it stronger. Wind the coil on an iron or ferrite core, because ferrom agnetic mate rials such as those tend to attract and concentrate magneti c lines of force. All of the ways in which the magnetic field can be increased can be merged into a comprehensive equation for calculating the induct ance of a coil. However, to both simplify our equation and eliminate-the -research necessa ry to obtain ferromagneti c values , we are going to ignore ferromagnetic permeability and such. The equatio n for ca lculating aircore inductors, as stated by the Radio Amateur's Handb ook is:
L = O,2a 2n2 /(3a + 9b + 10c) where: L = inductance in microhenries and as shown in Fig , 1: a = average diameter of the coil in inches b = length of the coil in inches c = radial depth of the winding in inches n = total turns of wire
510 gosub 2 0 0 0
' ca l cul ate the n u mber of tur ns
520 if p ro b = 1 then l ayer s = l ayer s +l,if l a yer s 530 if b > 1 then l ayers=l ayers+ 1 , g ot o 500 540 if n > 9 9 99 then p r int
560 w .. length 5 70
<
10 0 then goto 5 0 0
" ERROR -
t u r ns c o un t
lar g er th a n 10000 " ,syst em

a ~2
550 n=cint<n ) : b -n.diame t e r /l a yer s :ltr y
(0 . 2
n ~2) / (3 *a + 9 * b+ l0 *c)
n-a*pi the resist ance o f co i l
'c a l cu l at e
5 BO w. a r e a =
Sq O
r
( d ia m e t er / 2)~ 2* p i
1 / (w ~a rea*k )*w ~len gt h
BOO
~show
t he resu lt 5
~.~ ~
81 0 p rint ,pri nt
815 pr-i nt "Ove r a l l coil d iame t e r 8 20 print 'IAverage c o i l
830 p r int " De p t h o f 840 pr i nt
coil ~ . ~ ~. ~
~ ~
" ; d i a me t e r * l ay e r s * 2 + f o r m;
t1 ; a j llinc hes ll
lI
i nc h e s
tl
di am e ter. ~~ ~ ~ .
. .
~
";l a ye rs*d i ame t e r; " i nches "

II ;
"Le n g th of co i I
..
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. .
b ;
It
i nch e s "
8 5 0 pr i nt "Le n g t h of w ire
( a p pr o x) . ~ . ~
q ; i n t ( w ~ l e n g t h / 1 2 ) f e e t ,, ;
855 p r i n t
860 p r i n t 8 7 0 pr i n t
i nt w .length-int (w.length *1 2) ;"inc hes "

lINu mb e r of
1 a yers . .
tur ns .~
~ ~ ~ ~
. .
" ; I ayer s
"Numb e r of
"Ac t u a l "Co i l DC
~~~~~.~~
";n
U j n/ l a y e r s
880 p r i n t "Number o f
890 pr i n t 9 0 0 pr i n t
turns p e r
l ayer . ~
induct ance. ~. ~ ....

resist an ce ~~~~~ . ~ ~ .
" ;ltrY ; "mi~rohenries"

Uj r ; "o h ms"
10 0 0 syst e m
2000 s ubr o u t i ne
' Ex i t th e pr o gram and BASI C

to calculate th e num ber of turns
2 0 10 min ~ n = 1 : m ax~ n=10000 : c = l ay e r s
diameter :prob - O
2 06 0
n = ( m a x ~ n-m i n ~ n ) / 2 + m i n ~ n
o
0
en
2 07 0 2080 2 090 21 0 0 21 ,1 0 2 : 20 3000
b =n*d iamete r /la yer s It r y

~
~Iengt h
of
co i l
(0 . 2
a ~2
n ~2 )/(3*a+9* b+l0*c )
if c int (ma x .n ) = ci nt (min .n ) t hen goto 3000 if min . n = > 9999 then pro b= l,go t o 3000 if Itr y if
retur n
Quality factor Besides the inductance value , there is another important characteristic of a coil that we need to know about. An inductor can be thou ght of as an AConly resistor, who se reactance (which can be considered as AC resistance) depends on the induct ance of the coil and the frequency of the applied AC voltage. However, copper wire has a DC resistance , determined by its diameter and length. The ratio of AC reactance to DC resistance is known as the quality factor, or Q. For example , if an inductor has a reactance of 100 ohms at 1kHz , and a resistance of 2 ohm s, then it has a Q-factor at I kHz of 10012, or 50 . Of course, the Q will change with the applied frequenc y. To determine reactanc e', use the formula:
XL = 2 nfL
where :
l-
a:
....J
W W
<
L the n min .n=n :goto 2060

rt =
l t ry > L t hen ma x. n=n ,go to 2 060
XL = the inductive reactance in ohms

3 .14 f = the app lied frequency in hertz L = the inductance in Henries
a:
68
Ci
II
II
Inducto r Design Cal culator b y Da v id E. Powel l, KA4KNG
II II
u
II II
'I
Desir e d inducta n ce in mic rohen ries? 28 Ga u ge o r d iameter of wire in inc hes ? .008 Diamete r of coil form i n inches? .375 cal culat ing. Overall c o i 1 diameter . .391 inches .383 inches 8.000001E-03 inches .6640001 inches 8 feet,
1
diameter of the co il; the program does not calculate each layer of the coil independentl y. Lines 570 through 590 calculate the approximate resistance of the coil, based on the length and diameter of the wire. Lines 800 through 900 display the result s of all ca lculatio ns . Keep in mind that electronics is not necessarily an exact science, and that for a variety of reaso ns all of the displayed values could be slight!y off the " true " value. Winding the coil The primary advantage of having a computer calcul ate the specifics of a coil is that we can experiment with the material s that we have on hand , trying differen t co mbinations - to-s ee- how they affect the results . Recalculating the values is so easy that we should be able to get a size and shape that suits us just right. Let's use a 28-microhenry inductor as our target value . Let 's also use part of that jumbo-sized spool of 32-gauge wire that you purchased at the last hamfest. For a coil form , we can use an ordinary ballpoint pen . Run th e program . Th e sc ree n should clear and ask for the needed inductance value. Enter 28 . Next , the program will ask for the size wire to be used . Enter either the gauge (32), or the diameter of the wire in inches. Since we bought this wire at a hamfest and don't really know for certain what gauge it is, we wind an inch-long close-wound coil on a pencil and count the number of turns. It turns out that our "unknown " wire requires 125 turns to fill one inch . Dividing one-inch by 125 turns gives us 0.008 inches. Enter .008 . The last prompt asks for the diameter of the coil form . We measure the thickness (the diameter) of our pen ano find it is 3/ sths of an inch. Since 3 -:- 8 = 0.375, we enter .375 . If your com puter has been set for printer output, you should get a hardcopy that resemb les Fig . 2. If the results you attain do not match Fig. 2, re-check the program for typing errors or a misplaced deci mal point. There are a few things to note at this point about the output of the program . First, notice from Fig. 2, that there are two coil diameters given, an overall and an average . The overall diameter is given so that you can determine (before you
Average co il diameter .... Dep t h of co i 1 . Length of coil ....... .... Leng th o f wire (appro x) Numb er of layers Numbe r o f Nu mb er o f . .
10 i nches
t u r n s ........... tu rns per layer . . .
83 83 28.05109 microhenr ies 1.348764 ohms
Act ua l ind u c t a n c e .. . .... . . Co i l DC resistance
FIG. 2-THIS IS WHAT THE SCREEN or a print out will show when the program is tested by calculating the des ign of a 28-microhenry ind uctor.
The BASIC program Listing I is the BASIC program for inductor design . Although written specifically for the IBM PC , it should run on any version of BASIC. The program text is available on the REBBS (516-293-22 83). The full name is COILS. BAS. Lines 110 and 120 are used to set up constants for later use in calculations to determin e the overall resistance of the coil. Lines 210 through 230 input the values you specify for the desired inductance value, the size wire you have on hand , and the diameter of the coil form you're going to use. The wire size can be specifie d in inches or its AWG wire gauge. Line 240 decides whether or not you entered a wire diameter or a wire gauge . If you entered a numb er of I or greater, it figures it must be a wire gauge (who would want to wind a coil with six- inch thick wire ?) and converts it to a diameter. Lines 500 throu gh 530 are the meat of the progr am. It starts by assumin g th at you 're designing a single-layer coil. Line 500 calculates the diameter
of the coil at the center of its thickness . (The diameter changes as the program adds more layers during its calculations .) Line 510 calls the subroutine that actually fi gure s the number of turns necessary to have the spec ified inductance at the current number of layers. If it can't get there within 10,000 turns, line 520 adds another layer. Line 530 will aci d another layer if the length of the coil excee ds one inch . Line 540 will print an error message if the required number of turns exceeds 10,000 and the number of layers is 10,000 or greater. (You really don 't want to wind an inductor that big anyway.) Lin e 550 rounds the number of turn s to the nearest full tum. It then calculates all of the other parameters based on that round ed number. The inductor should be close enough for all but the most critical applications without having to worry about fractional turns of wire. Line 560 calcul ates the approximate length of wire needed to wind the coil. The length is approximate because it is based on the average
69
Dig it al Filt er Typ e, removes only Mac rovision pul ses
No adj ustments, crystal co ntro lle d Co mpatib le with all VCR's, uses auto matic vert ical blan king level
Macro-Scrubber - We stock the exact parts, PC board, and AC adaptor for an article on Bu ild ing a Macro-Scrubber appearing in Radio-Electronics December 1987 issue.
JMAK-1 Parts Package J MA K - 2 PC B oar d ............... JMAK-3 AC Adaptor
$~9.0 _0 '--__ I
Includes all the original resistors , capacitors, diodes , transistors, integ rated circuits, and crystal.
$995 $7.95
Orig ina l etch ed and drilled s ilk-screened PC board used in art icle Original (14 to 18 volt DC @ 285 rna) AC adaptor used in ar ticle.
Free repr int of article on bu ild ing a Macr o-Scrubber with any pur chas e above. Add $2.50 shipping & handling ; $4.50 Canadian ord ers. Note: Unautho rized duplication of copy righted mater ial is illegal. Use Mac ro-Scrubber for viewing only. 72-CHANNEL MC -702 CONVERTER
wind it) whether or not the co il will physicall y fit in yo ur proj ect. Th e average coil diameter is listed ju st in case you don't believe the computer and want to re-calcul ate the inductance value by hand. Seco nd , there appears to be something amiss about the dep th of the coil windings . We entered .008 for the wire thickn ess, and it is a single-layer coil , so the depth should be .008 inches , right? Well , the .00000 1discrepancy comes fro m the way computer s repre sent num ber s internall y. The coi l-len gth ca lculatio n suffers from the same malady. Suffice it to say that the err or is small enough to be safely ignored w itho ut affe cting o ur end result , which is , we hope , a 28-microhemy inductor. Speaking of 28 microhenri es , Fig . 2 shows that our inductor is actu ally 28 .05 109 microh enries, instead of an even 28 . That is the result of rounding the turn co unt to the nearest whole number. As we sa id earlier, electronic s is not always an exact science. The DC resistance of the inductor is given so that we can calculate the Q-factor of the coil after we decide at what frequency the indu ctor will be used .
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WITH INFRA-RED REMOTE CONTROL
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P.O. BOX 800 MANSFIELD. MA 02048
@ Copyrig ht 1988 by J&W Electron ics Inc.
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Wind ing the coil To make the coil, peel off about nine feet of wire from that jumbosized spoo l and start winding it on the ballp en . Make sure that the windi ngs are even and clo sely spaced . Double check that the number of turn s is correct. A couple of strips of hot-m elt glue across the length of the coil will hold the wind ings in place . If you don 't have a glue gun, epoxy adhesive will do if you don 't mind waiting a while for it to harden . After the glue sets (or cools , or whatever), you should care full y slide the coil off the pen . (It would be a good idea to appl y some glue to the inside of the coi l to help hold the windings in place . Th at way you can be sure that the coil won' t come apart on you whe n handling it.) That 's really all there is to making your own co ils . From now on, not only will you save money, but you can also avoid the aggravating and timeco nsuming task of having to search high and low for a part s supplier that has the exac t coil you' re loo king forand you won' t have to wait for it to come in the mail . R-E
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DRAWING BOARD
Multiplexing and dynamic RAM
LAST MONTH WE D ID NOT GET A
ROBERT GROSSBLATI, C IRCU ITS ED ITOR
chance to f in ish o ur di scu ssio n o n mult ip lexi ng LED di spl ays, so now ~Q i c k uQ w he re we left off. We had said t hat t he simp lest way to imp le me nt our c ircu it fro m last mo nth wo u ld b e to u se an osci llato r to cl ock a scan co unte rlike a 401 7-th at will seq ue ntia lly t u rn o n and off each LED di spl ay. Yo u ca n co n nect th e outp ut from last mon th 's osci llato r to pin 14 (clock inpu t) of t he 4017 Ie in Fig . 1. If yo u set R2 and R3 to t he center of rot ation yo u' ll be getting abo ut 200 Hz with a du ty cycle of cl o se to 50%. As w e had di scu ssed , a 10-LED dis play need s a minimum scan freq ue ncy of abo ut 240 Hz. W he n yo u t u rn the w ho le circuit o n, all th e LED's w ill appea r to be illum in ated. If yo u can see t he m st robi ng, d ecr ease R2 (i nc rease th e c loc k fr equ e ncy) until th e ' strob ing d isappears.
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If yo u have a fr equ en cy co unte r yo u can use it to det ermin e th e m in im um cloc k fr equ en cy. The n t ry t he same ex pe ri me nt wit h .so rne ot he r peop le-yo u' ll be surp rised at the variat io n. Some peop le wo n't see t he stro b i ng un t il yo u get be low 150 Hz , and ot hers w ill co nt in ue seeing it even past 300 Hz . W hi le you have t he demonstration c ircuit u p and runnin g, red uce t he num b er of LED 's by co n necting t he pin 15 (reset) to o ne-of th e o utp uts w h ile keep ing the cloc k freq ue ncy and duty cycle co nsta nt. If yo u sta rt o ut by sett ing
t he fre q ue ncy at a point w he re st ro b ing is just evide nt, yo u' ll find t hat the minimum f lic ker-free freq ue ncy decreases by abo ut 30 Hz per LED. A 10-LED d ispl ay need s abo u t 240 Hz , a 9- LED d is p lay need s about 210 Hz, and so o n. O nce aga i n, rem em b er t hat th ere's nothin g abso lute abo ut any of t he numbe rs I' m giv ing yo u . There's a lot of variat ion in b io logy so diffe rent peop le see t hi ngs d iffere nt ly. From a p ractica l poi nt of view, w hen yo u' re mu lt ipl exin g a d isp lay yo u d on 't wa nt to des ig n t he scan osci llato r to run at th e bare minimum-you sho u ld pl an
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Our monthl I consumer at what's hot in ronics:
~e~Ok CIRCUIT CIRCUS
GIZMO
ADDITIONALLY
HAM
-Z MATH An easy-to-uri numbers of

RADIO
el~cetrst~nd ronicsl primer on the ~
COMPUTER BITS ANTIQUE RADIO
. SCANNER SCENE OX LISTENING THINK TANK
Keep in mind t hat t he co lumn space I have each mon t h is limited o--"' Z'-;A I so, as mu ch as I'd li ke, th ere's ju st 74/5 7 -'I XT,RA . no way I can go in to heavy deta il YI AOO,R.E5 5 Z- 80 abo ut every nu ance of t he circuit. / 5 LIN E:I /A (i)3 B tl 3 BJ That also mea ns t hat I can't re,R.FSH .5 7+l3Q.5 prod uce t he sche mat ics and other / /"1 Z A P.3A 6 drawi ngs. The best I can do is let yo u kn ow wh en t hey appeared . If yo u d on 't keep t he back issues aro und, yo u can always get t he m FIG. 3 from a fr iend, th e lib rary, o r chec k with t he Radio-Electronics reprin t di splay of any kind and see if yo u o n h avin g it r u n mu ch hi gh e r. bookstore and see if t hey have the can f ig ure o ut h ow t he ci rcuit Twi ce the min imum is a reaso nissue yo u're loo ki ng fo r. works . abl e way to go . Most co m mercial A ll my d raw in gs are don e on a circu its scan at more t han 1 kHz , co mp ute r so it m ight be possibl e and lC's t hat have o nboa rd osDynamic RAM for th em to be po sted on th e Racillato rs run th em at ove r 15 kH z. dio-Electronics bull etin b o ard . If The series of co lum ns I did o n After all, yo u don 't have to make a usin g dyn ami c RAM a whil e back yo u' d lik e to see t hat happ en , let t rip to t he bank 'u st to afford a few d_aJocof__me know and we' ll.talk.about it seems to have generate_ mor e Hertz ! in terest. A co uple of reall y good so me m ore. D on 't fo rget, howExp er im en t with t he circ uit t hat letters have co me in wit h so me ever, th at t he re's really no standard we pu t togeth er un til yo u have a quest io ns and co m me nts t hat I fo r grap hics files, so yo u have to goo d und erst andin g of th e ret h ink are interest in g eno ug h t o let me k no w w hat fo rmat yo u' d quirem ent s of mul tipl exin g c i rspe nd some tim e talkin g about . If like th e f iles to be . Th at is a fun ccuitry. If yo u want to test ho w w ell yo u've b u ilt th e syste m w e examtio n of th e softwa re yo u're usin g yo u under stand multi pl exin g, get in ed , yo u mi gh t have had some of and th e typ e of co mp ute r yo u' re th e sche mat ic fo r any co mme rcia l these in mind , so haul o ut yo ur usin g so incl ude t hat informat io n eq uip me nt havin g a multi-pl exed pape rwo rk. in yo u r letter.
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Matt All en from Santa Cla ra, Cali f orn ia p o inted o ut a p o ssib le p robl em co nce rn ing t he choice of d yn am ic RAM for u se wit h t he Z-80. Since t he Z-80 has a mo du -
lo-Z-counter for ref resh add resses, it u ses o nly lines AO-A6 wh en it pu t s t he refresh ad d ress on th e bu s. That was cove red in d et ail in th e May and Jun e 1988 issues . Th e prob le m t hat Matt is refer-
ring to co mes abo ut beca use a lot of DRA M m anu f ac t urer s m ake part s t hat w ant eig ht li nes driven in eve ry ref resh cycle . If yo u' re unlu cky eno ug h to get yo u r hands o n some of t hose parts, any data yo u write int o t he up pe r half of t he mem ory is going to di sappear almost as soon as yo u put it t he re . Not a good t hi ng . Th e reason for al l of that aggravat io n co mes about be cause of th e in t ern al arch itect ure of th e 4164. Figure 2. shows t he bas ic DRAM arra ngement and, w hile all man ufac t u rers use th e same basic arrange me nt w he n t hey make t he DRAM , th e littl e d et ail s can , and of te n do , differ. A nd as is cl early stated in a we ll -known variati on of Grossblatt's sixteenth law. clt's t he littl e t h ings t hat get yo u-s i nce t hey' re hard er to see and th er e are more of th em . N o b od y sc re ws aro u n d w ith success, so e ve ry mai n st ream DRAM mad e is go ing to have sense am plifie rs, d ecod er s, latch es, etc. , an d, u n less yo u' re bu yi n g yo ur co ntin ued on p ag e 99
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COMMUNICATIONS f;J CORNER

HERB FRIEDMAN,
Double your modem 's data throughput.

T HE MAIN SUB JECT OF TH IS MONTH'S
COMMUNICATIONS EDITOR
co lu m n is Class-5 mod em s, a way
_ _to .doubl a.modem's.throughput

with out doublin g t he baud rate. But before w e get to th e esote ric st uff, let 's tackl e a sim ple probl em t hat causes mo re t roub le t han t he wh ol e sub ject is wo rt h. Sili con di od es cost a manu facturer next to nothin g. Yet , judgin g by th em ail and ph on e calls we get, t he re is stil l a lot of mod ern hardwar e o ut th er e t hat is back in t he sto ne-age of tel ecommuni cation s because a manu facturer didn 't use fo u r itty-bi tty di od es. From elect ro n ic te lep ho nes, to burgl ar-alarm te le p ho ne di al er s, t o add-y our- o wn -an ythin g d evices, so me hardware sti ll co ntai ns warnin gs to th e effect th at if t he eq u i p me n t d o e sn 't w or k yo u sho uld ch eck th e pol ari ty of th e tel eph on e co n nec t io ns. The reason fo r t he warn in g is t hat all or part of th e gizmo is pow ered by the teleph on e line, whi ch under normal circum stances is negat ive p ol ari t y o n t he re d w ire and p o si ti v e o n t he green . Unfo rtu nate ly, sometimes t he two can be rever sed , and a po lar ity -se nsit ive d evice wo n't work .
TO TELEP HONE LINE GREEN! + )
~--o + 8OUTPUT TO TELEPHONE ACCESSORY ' - -- -- ----'0 -
FIG. 1
b ridge can be made from silico n rect ifier s of t he 4000 series rated at 200 PIV o r hi gh er. C heck it o ut for yo u rse lf: W hethe r t he red wire is negati ve o r po sit ive, t he output at te rm inals A and B always have t he same po lar it y- alth ou gh t he o utp ut vo lt age wi ll be fro m 0.5 to 1 vo lt less t han t he in p ut vo ltage beca use of the inte rna l vo ltage drop of two di odes. If yo u r gizmo is extreme ly vol tage-sensiti ve, or if t he no rm al vo ltage d ro p of your telepho ne w he n lo aded is un usuall y severe, the vo ltage d rop may prove to be a p rob lem . If so, yo u've pro bab ly got some problem w it h the line that shou ld be co rrected by yo u r lo cal te lep ho ne compa ny. Switch S1 is a ho oksw itch , or w hateve r switc h connects the gizmo to t he te lepho ne lin e.
Auto polarity
It is preci sely to get aro u nd t he pol ari ty p ro bl em , t hat most manufacturers of active-ci rcuit eq uipment intend ed for use o n t he dia lup teleph on e syste m (w hat we call th e switche d n e t w ork ) u se a bri d ge recti fier between t he lin e an d t he i np ut to t he electronic giz mo . As shown in Fig . 1, a bri dge recti fier, 0 1-04, auto mat ically p ro vi des t he co rrect pol ar it y. Th e
Doubling the data

Co mputerists have a lways ' search ed for, or at t he very least wa nted, a faste r and mo re accurate way to exc hange data via t he d ialup te lep ho ne sy st em . In it iall y, both n eed s were easily accomp lished by in creasi ng the baud rate used by t he mo d em s, and by usin g special erro r-correct io n software, suc h as XMO OEM an d
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CROSSTALK. Throu gh software hands hak ing between t he sendi ng and the receiving computers , errors indu ced in a data tra nsm issio n we re detecte d w it h exce llent accu racy. W he n an erro r did occ ur the data was retransm itted un t il t he hand shake signa ls i nd icated t hat t he bl o ck of data w as receiv ed error-free. As far as mod em speed is co ncerned , t he re is a practica l li mit of abo ut 2400 baud fo r f u l l-d up lex h a ssl e- f r e e exc ha nge us ing asy nc h rono us tra ns m issio n. A ltho ug h expe rime nts have shown that f ul l-d up lex operatio n as high as 9600 baud is po ssibl e o n th e dial-up system, baud rates hi gh er t han 2400 are not reall y reliabl e. It was to ensu re auto mat ic errorco r rectio n a n d in cr e a se t he t h ro ug hp u t th at t he C lass -5 mod em protoco l was develo ped. Basically, Class-5 modems co ntai n t hei r own erro r-co rrect ion f i rmware (firmwa re meanin g softwa re that's perm anen tl y b uilt in to a device), and hardw are data co mpressio n w hic h, depending o n t he particu lar ki nd of data t ransm itted, can almost dou bl e t he amo unt of data t hro ug hp ut. In practica l term s, it means t hat a modem running at 1200 baud w ill appear to be run nin g at 2400 baud , w h ile a 2400baud mod em w ill exc hange data at a 4800 baud effective rate. The t hroughput in crease comes abo ut in two ways . First, t he soft ware, known as an M NP protocol , converts the async hronous data to synch ro no us data, makin g the signal b it- rathe r t han byte-oriente d. A lt ho ug h M N P rem oves t he start and stop framing bits fo r a 20%
78
in cr ease in data handl in g, M NP r--r-- - 1200 BAUD - -, needs abo ut 12% in b it ove rhead, so th e eff ect ive in crease du e to softwa re is ab ou t 8% . In ot he r word s, al low i ng fo r w or st-ca se co nd it io ns, MNP has an effic iency FIG.2 of abo ut 108%, w hi le co nve nt io nal softwa re p rot o col s have an efficiency of abo ut 90%. datin g th e t abulati on . At th e The same thing happen s at the Admittedly, 108% is no great imreceivin g end, th e Class-5 modem receiving end . Also , as shown in provem ent, but MNP is th e fi rrnuses th e tabulation data to restore Fig. 2, if the data is received at 1200 w are from what's know n as Class-3 th e ori ginal , noncompre ssed , baud, it's going to com e ou t of the proto col. Cl ass 5 inclu d es d ata dat a. modem decompressed at an effeccompression , and that's where t he tiv e 2400-baud rate. To ensure t hat bi g increase co mes in. Faster drive th e ma ximum c ompres sion Th e am o u nt of data co m p resTo ensure th e maximum po ssithroughput is maintained , it has ble data-tran sfer rate , th e Class-5 become common practice to use a sion dep ends o n th e typ e of data be ing exc hanged. For example, if mod em mu st be driven with at 9600-baud rate between the comth e data is ASCII text , an increase least twice the data so th ere can be pu ter and the modem, since 9600 no delay in th e modem's o ut p ut. baud will even accommodate a o f alm o st 100 % (d o u b li ng th e t h roug hput) is po ssibl e:-Ifth edata-That- is- done- by- having- th e-com-- -n 0 rm aI m od em spe ed - of- 2400 is rand om , such as a pro gram fil e puter drive the mod em at a baud baud , and possibl y 4800-baud o r already co m p ressed data, th ere rat e at least twice th at of the mod em s (if they ever make a sewill be little, if any, improvem ent . modem. As show n in Fig. 2, if th e ri ou s dent in the marketplace ). Data co m p ress i o n w ork s by mod em is operatin g at 1200 baud, Whatever modem speed you desamp ling chara cter s. Wh en three the co m p ut e r mu st drive the cide to use, just bear in mind that or more of th e sam e character is modem at 2400 baud . Internal at th e very least, the baud rate of repeate d, th e firmware st rips th e RAM in the modem sto res t he "exth e com p ute r's serial port must be redund ant characters and tab utra " d ata u nti I it ca n be com at least twice the normal baud rate lates th e st ripp ing, co nt in ually uppressed and t ransm itted . of the mod em. R-E
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co ntinued fro m p ag e 36
Industrial shopper resources

As lon g-t erm Hard w are Hacker readers have alrea dy found o ut, I am very big o n trade jo u rna ls. As we have seen in th e past, the fr ee electro nic and ot her trade magazi nes are o utsta nd i ng resources t hat no serio us hacker can afford to ignore, even fo r an instant . This month , I'd like to make yo u aware of a sub -class of t he trade jo urna ls t hat we mi gh t call th e Includes an tenn a, rechar geable banery , Industrial Shop p ers , and ot he rcharge r / adap lor & be lt wi se w ell known by th eir univer sal clip Full range of optional accessories available. slang term of " t he throw aways." Covers 27-54 MHz. 108-174 MHz, They are almos t alw ays over size 406-512MHz, and 800-950MHz. _ - A R 9 0 0 - -o-5 5c an Banks and 5 5e arch Banks - - - m agazines.p ri'n ted- o n-sliG k- new s-To,;olPnco.F,...ht Pre pard 25 Day Satisfaction Guaran tee, pr in t and contain mo stly zillions of i P 2''''g Sh'PP g ''. oPOO O~~F~::e~~i:~~~~t:~:ed ads and a few bingo card s. Their 5ize:2"x5 'x IV " wt:12 oz. ed ito rial m ateri al s are prim aril y pre ss re leases an d reh ashe s of the ir adve rt ise r's product line and literature. . CO MMUNICATIO NS 10707 E. 106th St. Indpls.,IN 46256 Whil e almost a nui sance in any Toll Free 800-445-7717 lar g e e le c t ro n ics hou se , th e tJSA Visa a nd MasterCard .~ _ (C OD slig htly higher) t hrowaways are ext re me ly val uIn Ind ia na 317-849-2570 Collecl FAX (3 17) 849-8794 ab le fo r hack er s and sma l l-scale CIRCLE 204 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD ope rat io ns in ge neral. Here's a sam p le list of a few of the many throwaways that passed throu gh my Synerg etics intern atio nal corporate offices last we ek: Pollution Equipment News; Electro nic Comp on ents N ew s; Plan t Si tes an d Par ks (G re at fo r free map s, but don 't tell th em I told yo u so), Computer Products; Auto matic ID N ews; Industri al Prod uct Bulletin; Industrial Equipment News; In strumentation an d Con@ III tr o l N ews; Industrial Mainte.... O."'==~~'I \1 -~ ~ nan c e; A me r ica n Lab oratory ; )' f~~ Learn at hom e in spare l ime . Compu ter Reseller News; and o ne ~:i?!f~ ~ No previou s expe rie nce needed! called Electronic Buyers N ews. No costl y School. No com m u ti n g to cla ss. Ther e are zilli on s more wh ere The Ori gina l Home-Study course prepares you for the " FCC Com mercia l Radioth ose came from. te lephone Licens e". This va luab le licen se As w it h all ot he r trade jo u rna ls, is you r " ticke t" to thousa nds of exciting yo u ca n ge t a co m p le te li st of j obs in Com m u n ica tion s. Ra dio-I'V, Micronam es an d numbers f ro m t he wave. Com p u ters . Ra dar. Avionics a n d more! You don' t n eed a college degree to Uhlrichts Periodical s Dictionary qualify. but yo u do n eed a n FCC License. t hat's o n t h e ref er en ce shelf at No Need to Quit Your Job or Go To School yo ur lo cal library. A ph on e call o r a CfJ This proven cou rse is easy. fast a n d low b us i ness letter ca n get yo u a o cost!GUARA NT EED PASS - You ge t your qualif icat io n card . Z FCC License or money refunded . Send for ~ FREE facts now. MAIL COUPON TODAY! O r, to reveal a best- kept in sid er s fsecret , yo u can get a free copy of ~ I commdnD PRODUCTiOnS I most any magazin e sim p ly by re-l I FCC LICENSE T RAINING, Dept . 90 I U; I P.O. Box 2824, San Francisco, CA 94126 : questing a sample copy and an ad: Please rush F R E E details imm ed iatel y! I ve rt ise r 's rat e ca rd . Som etim es -c I NAME I t hat eve n gets yo u a lon g-t erm a: I ADDRESS I
complim entary su bsc ript io n. But don 't tell t hem w ho told yo u t hat. Throw aw ays o n suc h o bsc u re t hings as b lacksmith ing, de ntistry, f orestry, j ew elry, on ran ch manage me nt, fo r pollu ti on co nt ro ls, solar co ntracting, or heavy-equipment mainten anc e can often o pe n up whol e new w o rlds of id eas and products fo r yo u. Ch ec k th em all o ut. And never leave an y indu st ri al pl an t eve r with out rippin g out the quali fica tion card s fro m all of the indu strial magazin es in th eir lobby.
New tech info

The new Murata-Erie sho rt-fo rm catalog has all so rts of neat hacker goo d i es in it, includin g cerami c reso na to rs, posi sto rs-rh urni d ity sens o rs, an d ultrasonic microphon es. Additionall y, NEC has released a data sheet on th ei r .new uPC1870CA sing le-chip televi sion ste reo MTS d ecod er. National Sem icond ucto r off ers a brand new Semiconductor Ma ster Selectio n Guide, whil e th e brand new Avan tec k Product Guide has all so rt s of info in it fo r mi crowa ve transi stors and o n th eir MMIC inte grat ed ci rcuits. A new Line ar Integrated Circuits Databook from Unitrode has lot s of ap notes and specialized circuits in it , aime d primarily at sw itchingmod e p ower su p p l ies . In particular, yo u mi ght wa nt to ch eck o ut their UC3906 intelligent battery-charger chip and ap note. There 's also a hi gh -en ergy little sho pper o ut called Nuts and Volts that is cr ammed f ull of electroni cs and co m p uter cla ssifi ed bargain s. That ge m is cho ck full of o utstandin g hardware-h ackin g bu ys and is a " m ust have. " Turnin g to my own produ ct s, if you are at all interested in acti ve f i lte rs, d o che c k into my cl assic A ctive Filter C o o kb o o k . Au t ographed co pies are now availab le from Syne rg etics. Plus a remind er that my PostScript Printed Circuit Layout Pack age is now availab le to work alo ng w it h most any wo rd p roc essor o n pretty near any personal co m p ute r. And yes, w e sho uld sho rt ly have full sets of th e Hardware Hacker reprints availab le . Wri te o r call if yo u are inter ested. Let's hear f ro m yo u. R-E
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RadiaAUDIO UPDATE
co ntin ued fro m p age 43
abo u t 5 minute s h av e b e en esse n ti all y so lve d. H owever, I thin k it's safe to say t hat, as w ith so ma ny oth er "good id ea s, " th e ultim at e co m me rci a l success o r failure of this o ne h as littl e t o d o wi th it s te c h ni ca l f e a s ibility. Th e b asi c qu e sti on i s: W ho in t he mu si c bu sin e ss is p otent i all y go ing to make m ore-or l e ss-p rofi t as a
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RADR GUNS & SYSTEMSFORCAR/BOAT BECOME A WHOLESALE DEALER FOR racing, skiing, baseball, etc. Professional X & all types of security electronic equipment and K band police models available from $275 more. Controls, motion detectors, switches, re sult o f thi s n ew d evel opm ent sirens, CCTV, etc. Buy wholesale and make used. Moving units available with dual disand h ow mu ch powe r w ould th e extra money reselling or installing alarm and plays. All units road tested with 30-day warranty. ZENITH SSAVI UHF from$169; ch.3. in v a r io us potenti al winn ers o r lo se rs surveillance systems. System examples and $229, recondition ed. UHF SSAVI project installation tips. Also built-in sound systems, h av e to promot e or h ind er it s handbook $6.50 ppd. Used Sylvania 4040 adoption? intercome, vacuum systems. Call toll-free for w/remote $169. N-12s $99. Panasonic multi'1" f vi . catalog or write to: ACS SUPPLY CO. INC., From a retai e r s pOI nt 0 View, It 2531 Jefferson NE Albuquerque NM line telephone systems from $675. Catalog se e m s-v e ry-ap p e ali n g-t o- h av e-t h e- .. - 87-110;-1-800-545-6286.- $9.95, ' 3.00 - $1. AIS SATELLITE, INC., 106-N..7thSt.lN, Perkasie, PA 18944. 215-453-1400. e q ui va l e n t of a n e no r mo us-an d Postage and handling if COD. CIRCLE 81 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD in e xh au sti bl e -st o ck of s i ng les CIRCLE 193 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD a n d alb u ms ava i la b le in a m achin e 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----1 th at (pe r h aps) takes up n o m ore space than a sta n da r d h om e re fri g erator (see Fig.1 ). Servi cin g an d updatin g th e m achin e sho u ld be no mo re complicated than with t oday's jukebox es . A ccordin g t o m y latest informati on , the cos t of th e c usto m iz e d cassette will b e abo ut $1 a so ng . T hat see ms reason abl e , b ut I s us pect th at m an y h om e t ap e st ers e n joy th e co m p i la tio n pro c e ss and wo u l d n' t wa nt t o trad e the sat isfac t io n f o r o ne-s to p conv eni en ce. Is th e Personi c s m ac h ine t h e w av e of th e futu re o r i s it ju st an oth er t echni call y good id ea t h at si m p ly d o e sn't dovetail with th e p erc ei v ed so c i a l -eco no m ic n e ed s of th e m ark etplac e ? M ore AE S p ap e rs n ex t m onth . R-E
APPLIANCE REPAIR HANDBOOKS-13 volumes by service experts ; easy-to understand diagrams, illustrations. For major appliances (air conditioners, refrigerators, washers, dryers, microwaves, etc.), elec. housewares, persona l-ca re appliances. Basics of solid state, setting up shop, test instrument s. $2.65 to $7.90 each . Free brochure. APPLIANCE SERVICE, P.O. Box 789, Lombard, IL 60148. (312) 932-9550. CIRCLE 84 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
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6 x rate $890 .00 per each insertion. Fast reader service cycle. Short lead time for the placement of ads. We typeset and layout the ad at no additional charge.
This has to be what you ordered. Pal- -our Computer doesn't mak e mistakes , ..
Call 516-293-3000 to reserve space. Ask for Arline Fishman. Limited number of pages available. Mail materials to: mini-ADS, RADIO-ELECTRONICS, 500B Bi-Count y Blvd. , Farmin gdale, NY 11735.
SIMPLYSNAP THE WAT-50 MINIATURE FM TRANSMITTER on top of a 9v battery and hear every sound in an entire house up to 1 mile away! Adjustable from 70-130 MHZ. Use with any FM radio. Complete kit $29.95 + $1.50S + H. Free shipping on 20 r more!COD add $4. Call or send VISA, MC, MO. DECO INDUSTRIES, Box 607, Bedford Hills , NY 10507. (91 4) 232-3878.
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M-BREAKO UT SOLVES RS -232 COM PATIBILITY PROBLEMS FAST!!! Breaks/ FREE CATA LOG OF HARD-TO-FIND re-directs all 25 signals . 52 LED's give 4TOO LS is packed with more than 2000 state indication on all signals. Current loop quality items. Your single source for precision test No batteries required Gold plated tools used by electronic technicians, engicontacts . 8 jumper cables. Durable ABS neers, instrument mechanics, schools , laboplastic case. Manual and carrying pouch. ratori es and governme nt agencies . Also We ship UPS 2nd day within 24 hours of order contains Jensen's line of more than 40 tool Regu larly $150, R&E Special $135, Mkits. Send for your free copy today! JENSEN TEST EQUIPMENT, P.O . Box 146008, San TOOLS INC. 7815 46th St . , J~.!lp_en il( , _~Z__F.rancisco , CA 94114:6008 ,.(415).861:2382 85044. (602) 968-6231. FAX (415) 8641076 CIRCLE 115 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 182 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
P,CDUI STI DN UNIT
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ANA LOG ACQUISITION UNIT. CONNECT analog signals from experiments and circuits directly to your computer. Works with IBM, APPLE, TANDY or any computer with a serial port. 4 channels, 8 bit resolution . Up to 4 samples per second . Returns value in HEX or Decimal. $129.95 Check, Visa or Mastercard accepted . GTC INDU ST RI ES, PO BOX 2493, NAPERVILLE, IL. 60566 (312) 369-9815
THE MODEL WTT-20 IS ONLY THE SIZE OF A DIME, yet transmits both sides of a telephone conversation to any FM radio with crystal clarity. Telephone line powered - never needs a battery ! Up to V . mile range. Adjustable from 70-130 MHZ. Complete kit $29.95 + $1.50 S + H. Free Shipping on 2 or more! COD add $4. Call or send VISA, MC, MO. DECO INDUST RIES, Box 607 , Bedford Hills, NY 10507. (914) 232-3878.
6 x rate $890 .00 per each insertion. Fast reader service cycle. Short lead time for the placement of ads. We typeset and layout the ad at no additional charge. Call 516-293-3000 to reserve space. Ask for Arline Fishman . Limited number of pages available. Mail materials to: mini-ADS, RADIO-ELECTRONICS, 500B Bi-County Blvd. , Farmingdale , NY 11 735.
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RECHARGE LASER PRINTER TONER CA RTRIDGES-Earn big $$ in your spare time-All supplies and Do-It-Yourself kits with complete instructio ns available . Supplies cost from $10.95 in qty and you can sell recharged toner cartridges for $40.00 to $55.00 each. Printers include HP LaserJet and Series II, Apple LaserWriter, OMS, etc. Canon PC-25 Cop ier also . CHENESKO PROD UCTS,21 Maple St., Centereach, NY 11720, 516-736-7977, Fax: 516-732-4650 CIRCLE 190 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
PANASONIC CABLE CONVERTERS , Wholesale and Retail. Scientific Atlanta and Pionee r Cabl e Conv erters in stock . Panasonic mode l 140N 68 channe l converter $79.95, Panasonic Amplified Video Control Switch Model VCS-1 $59.95. Scientific Atlanta Brand new Mode l # 8528 550MHZ 80 Channels Converter $89.95. Video Corrector (MAC RO, COPYGUARD , DIGITAL) EN HANCER $89.95. We ship to Puerto Rico,. Caribbean countries, & So. Amer. Write or call BLUE STAR IND., 4712 AVE. N, Dept 105, Brooklyn, NY 11234. Phone (718) 258-9495.
2645T-117 PRACTICAL IC PROJECTS YOU CAN BUILD.....$10.95. Dozens of fullytested, ready-to-build circuits you can put together from readily-available, low cost IC's! There are a total of 117 IC circuits ranging from an audio mixer and a signal splitter to a tape-deck amplifier and a top-octave generator organ ! From TAB Books. To ord er your copy send $10.95 plus $2.75 shipping to Electronic Technology Today Inc. , P.O. Box 240, Massapeq ua Park, NY 117620240
EDITOR'S
WORK~ BENCH ~~~===~
drives internally. B y contrast, a standard IBM floppy-disk co ntroller allows four drives, but the connector (a 37-p in D }---<:heckwithyoursupp l iertobe-sure~lfyou --type )-is only available external ly, so wish to provide Macintosh capab ilities adding a third or fourth entails the addi tional expense of a caseand power supusing one of the products below (or another), Central Point Software recomply. Also, many clone controllers, and mends use of Citizen, Teac, and T oshiba controllers that are part of multi-function drives, and states that some Alps and cards, haveconnectors for only two disk Mitsub ishi dr ives cannot reliably read drives. Mac d isks. Second, the I/O ports that the P C uses Advanced Floppy-disk Controllers That type of solut ion stil l leaves a to communicate wi th the controller are number of unresolved probl ems: Macinprogrammable on this card. That allows tosh d isks, eight-inch disks, co mb ination you to add as many as four cards, for a hard/floppy-disk co ntrollers, copy-prototal of16 drivesin asinglePC! You proba P /M brings back fond memories: protected software, etc. Several co mpanies grams that actually worked in MK of b ly won't want to do that, but the adhave designed pro d ucts that address dressable I/O ports do have their uses. memory,a sophisticated user community, those problems in a quality manner. For example, many combination hard/ standard eight-inch disk drives-and hundreds of incompatible 5%-inch disk floppy-disk controllers allow only two CompatiCard floppy-disk drives. You can't just add anformats. The advent of the PC helped reMicroSolutions hasbeen marketing this other standard controller, because it uses solve those problems for a while; after a floppy-d iskcontroller for several years; it the sameport addresses, so there would few false starts, the IBM P C format meant has several advantages over a standard be contention. How ever, by using a Com360K DSDD d isks-period. control ler. First, it has co nnectors that alpatiCard in your P Then along came the AT (1.2M at 5%C, you can solve the low you to add as many as four di sk problem easily. inch), then laptop s (720K at 3Y2-inch), followe d by P S/2's (144M at 3Y2-inch). We'll refer to those three formats as highdensity.And now P C users want to trade files with Macintosh users! The upshot is that we've been thrust back into .the quagmire of disk incompatibility. Is there a way to overcome those incompatibilities? Yes. Many new AT-compatibles and 80386-based mach ines come with 3Y2-inch d rives. But w hat about olde r machines? The BIOS of virtually all olde r PC's, XT's, and compatibles can't handle the newer formats, and in many cases, the d isk co ntroller can hand le only two dr ives; three are necessary to cover all IBM formats.
A simple solution If your controller handles only two drives, you can remove one and substitute a high-de nsity drive. Recent versions of DOS contain dev ice drivers that you load via CONFIG.5YS in order to read and wr ite the high-de nsity formats. The drivers in DOS 3.30 and higher handl e all IBM formats to date.
In ad d ition, some 3Y2-inch d rives are now shipped w ith eq uivalent drivers, so you may not need to upgrade your DOS.
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MicroSolutions' CompatiCard.
Third, the card can contro l eight different type s of dr ives, including all SY4inch and 3Y2-inch drives, asw ell as 8-inch drives. (A sep arate software p rod uct sold by MicroSolutions, called Uniform, allows you to access CP /M d isks in the 8inch format.) A w iring adapter is requi red to install an 8-inch drive; yo u can buy the adapter from MicroSoluti on s, or bu ild it yo urself using information contained in th e User's Guid e. The less expensive Compat iCard II allows o nly two d rives, does not support eight-inch drives, but maintains the many other features of the CompatiCard . The CompatiCard is a half-length card that installs in any 8-b it slot. Installation cons istsof setting the j umpers that de ter/0 ports. Then yo u insert the mine the 1 card into a vacant slot, co nnect a standard 34-c o nd uctor d ata cab le to the card and yo ur d rive, co nnect a power - cebletovour.drive, and then add aline to _----;-;::---:::--;-:::----;-;;-;-;~= - - ' - - - - - your CONFIG.SYS file. Cabling is worth d iscussion. To add a d rive, if you r power supply hasonly a few di sp lays the ty pe s of dri ves attached to power connectors, yo u may need a Yhardware conflict with othe r devices, a the Comp atiCard, and ind icates the d rive pair of jurnpers allows you to re-address adapter to supp ly power to the drive. letters to use to access those drives. The You'll also need one 34-conductor data the card 's I/O po rts. . ot her, CCFORMAlCOM, may be used inThen yo u run a p rograrn ca lle d cable for each pair of drives . (Both types stead of the DO S's normal F O RMAT pro MAC.COM. It remains resident in memory, of cabl es are available from JDR, Jameco, of w hich it occupies about 3SK, and may gram to format d isks co ntrolled by the or yo ur local computer d ealer.) One end Com p atiCard. Technical information is be rernoved later w ithout reb ooting. The of the d ata cable attaches to the co ntrolalso p rovided abo ut the extended d isk prograrn allows yo u to address the Mac ler card; the Compat iCard has edge -cond rive asd rive M (or another letter that yo u BIOS inter rupt services provided by nector and header-pin co nnecto rs w ired specify) using the following co mmands: CCDRIVER.SYS. in parallel for the first two d rives, and a One thing to watch out for : You can MCD, MCOPY, MDEL, MDIR, MEJECT, MINheader-p in con nector wired in parallel D, MTREE, and MTYPE. ( EJECT IT , MMD, MR only install a dri ve as a b oot drive if your w ith an extemal 37-p in D con nector for forces the disk dr ive to eject a disk, and PC has bu ilt-in BIOS support for that the last two drives. So a da ta cable w ith a INIT formats a disk ) drive's format. So don 't install a 3Y2-inch header-pin socket w ill work j ust fine in DOS users will have no trouble adaptdrive as d rive A in an old PC, Xl; or clon e, eit her position. ing to the M co mmands; w ith several of even if yo u have a hard dis k. The reason is A fter installing the hardw are, yo u add Y, them you may specify options. MCOP that, if your hard d isk flakesout, you won't CCDRIV ER .SYS to yo ur CONFIG.5YS file. for example, allows yo u to transfer files to be ab le to boot yo ur machine at all. Yo u add several parameters to that line, A lso, wa tch power co nsump tio n; a and from Mac diskettes. The command /0 ports the card red epending on the 1 small power supply may not b e able to can be used to transfer a single fileor a sponds to, the numb er and type(s) of handle three or four driv es and a full comgroup of files sp ecifi ed using normal d rivers) connec ted to th e card , and p lement of expansion card s. whether the "twisted " or the "untwisted" Y options DOSwi ldca rds (*and ?). MCO P include, among others, copying files to connector goes to a particular drive. Sevand from either the Mac data or resource MatchMaker eral charts in the manual show the cor rect (program ) fork, creating a loc ked (w riteDealing w ith IBM di sks in various forpa rameters. protected) file, sp eci fy ing a text or binmats is one thing; w hat ab out Mac intosh I installed the drive in an A ST Preary file, etc. MDIR options incl ud e disdi sks? MicroSolutions also has a remedy mium/286, a 10-M Hz O-wait state AT compatible. Pr ior to installing the Com for that p rob lem. The MatchMaker is a p laying data, resource, or both forks, an half-slot card that can b e used to contro l patiCard, the machine had both a SY4extended d irectory, etc. MINIT allows you to format di sks in either the old (f lat) an external Macintosh d isk drive. With inch, 12M dr ive and a 3Y2-inc h 144M or the new (hierarchical, like DOS) file dri ve (Toshiba b rand) running off a Westsupplied memor y-resid ent software,yo u can address the drive using DO S-like system, or allow yo u to format a singleern Digital co mb ination hardl flop py co ncommand s p reced ed by the lett er M tro ller. I wanted to add a standard 360K sided diskette in a doub le-sided d rive. (MDIR, MCOPY, etc.). Forthose unfamiliar wi th Mac lingo, the drive, so I configured the CompatiCard There is little to installing MatchMaker: manual co ntainsa good discussion of the /0 addresses 360-367h, and added for 1 Just insert the card in an empty eight-b it YS: d ifferences between Mac and IBM disks the following line to CONFIG.S slot, and plug a Mac dr ive into the 19-pin and file structures. DEVICE = C:\SYS\CCDRIVER.SYS /8,0 D connector. Bot h data and p ow er are I installed MatchMaker in the AST machine that I had mentioned be fore, and supplied t hrough t he sing le cab le . After reboo ting, I could access the MatchMaker's p orts have nothing to do had no trouble using the device to read 360K drive in the normal fashion as drive wi t h stand ard f loppy -di sk control ler files created on a Macintosh; nor, con E. The software dri ver occupies about versely, d id I have troub le read ing d isks ports, so there should be no problem 11Kof RAM. o n a M acint o sh i n i t ia l ize d by using the card in ju st about any P c. How The CompatiCard co mes with two adever, in case yo u should exp erience any MatchMaker. d itio nal p rograms. One , CCDRIVES.COM,
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themgoing the other way. A unary transfer from Mac to IBM combines the resourceand dataforks of a file into a single file, and in the reverse d irection, restores the two forks properly. The Deluxe Option Board also comes with programs for dealing w ith copy protected software. TC (Transition Copy) cop ies not files, not tracks and sectors, not individual bytesof data,but the magnetic fluctuations (transitions) on the surface of one d isk to another. The formatof the disk is completely irrelevant, as are the locations of hidden files, non-standard sectors, etc. In fact, TC can copy IBM disks, CP/M disks, and evenAtari and Apple disks on a standard IBM type disk drive. (Apple and Atari cop ies are subject to some limitations.) A special version of TC, called TCM, allow s you to .create an "image" file on hard disk to be used to duplicate disks. _ _TU s an editor for editing. tracks and sectors. Not only can you edit data, you Central Point Software's Deluxe Option Board. cansee the gap and sync bytesthatserve to separate one sectorfrom the next. The manual contains an introduction to lowa 3%-inch drive B, to get a d irectory of a Deluxe Option Board level disk contents, but the treatment is There are two problems w ith the preMac d isk in that drive, you'd type: by no means complete. ced ing solution. Fi rst, you must use a MCP DIR B: I installed the Deluxe Option Board in Macintosh drive,and second it cannot be the AST machine, and had no trouble Other MCP commands include TREE, mounted internally. Wouldn't it be nice if transferring files to and from IBM and TYPE, COPY, F ORMAT, CD, DC (diskcopy), you could usea regular IBM internal 3Y2Macintosh formats. inch drive? DEL, MD, and RD. Central P oint supplies It turns out that you can, using Cent ral severaI b atch fiIes that red uce the Bigger issues P oint Software's Copy II PC Deluxe Opnumber of keys you must type by invoktion Board. You may ha ve heard of the ing MCP with the appropriate parameters. Of course, a big problem, and onethat Opt ion Board inconnectionw ith backing F or example, you can use MDIR.BATto get neither Mac/IBM product d iscussed here up copy-protected software. It still does a directory of aMac d iskin drive Bsimply add resses, is data-format compatib ility. that; in add ition, it allows you to read and by typing: MCOP Y in either product can move a file w rite Macintosh-formatdisks using a 3%between either type of machine, but MDIR B: inch disk drive, of either 1.44 M or 720K what you do with that data is up to you. capacity. A similarbatch fiIe issupplied for each Transferring P ageMaker and Excel files Like the other cards d iscussed here, MCP command. is easy, because versions of those prothe Deluxe Option Board is a short card As w ith MatchMaker, some MCPcomgramsfor the two typesof machineshave mands have opt ions. MCP COPY, for exthat fits in an eight-bit slot. It can control compatible data files. But how wo uld ample, allows for b inary, text, and unary oneortwo floppy d isks, and hasno exteryou, for example, translate a MacWrite nal 37-pin D connector. file transfers. A binary transfer cop ies a document into WordStarformat?Without file (in either direction) byte for byte. A The board has two sets of jumpers. the aid of a doc ument-conversion utility, One determines whether the board will text transfer from Mac to IBM adds lineyou wouldn't. You can transfer straight be installed in anATor in a PC (or XT). The feeds after carriage return, and strips ASCII text w ithout problem, but formatother determinesthe DMAchannel to be ting information is another story. used; normally you don't need to change The same istrueof other types of data; it. After settingthejumpers, you insert the you're on your ow n and gooooood luck.. PRODUCTS DISCUSSED board in your cornputer, and then conE ven so, that's not to detract from the Co mpatiCard ($175), Com pat iCa rd II nect the cables. Electrically, the Option real utility of these products,which pro($125), MatchM aker ($149), and external Macintosh disk drive ($239), MicroSolutions, Board sits between your regular floppyvide a first step toward greater integration 132 W. Lincoln Hwy., Dekalb, IL 60115. (815) d isk cont roller and your floppy-dis k of disparate computer systems. 756-3411. drive(s). The board comes w ith one caBy the way, by the time I finished w rit Copy" PC Deluxe Option Board ($159), ble, but you ma y end up having to buy ing this review I had four (!) d iskcontrolCentral Point Software, 15220 NW Greenbrier another, depending on the length of your lers, one hard d isk, and threefloppy-disk Parkway, Suite 200, Beaverton, OR 97006. present cable. (It may be too short to drives in the AST, as well as an external (503) 690-8090. reach all the way to the Option Board.) (f) irst, Mac drive, all wo rking harmoniously. F Windows/286 2.1 ($99) and Windows/386 a As for software installation, an installatheWesternDigital hard/floppy controller 2.1 ($195), Microsoft Corporation, 16011 NE Z tion program copies files to your hard ranthe machine's original drives (the 3%36 th Way, Bo x 970 17, Red mo nd , WA o c: disk. The Deluxe Option Board comes 98073-9717. (206) 882-8080. inch1.44M and the 5%-inch1.2M) byway Ia DOS 4.0 ($150 or upgrade for $95) and with several programs that are used to of the Option Board, w hich alsoallowed UJ --J Windows Kit ($314), International Business accomp lish d ifferent purposes. MCP 2 -inch drive. Macintosh access in the 3Y UJ Machines Corporation . Contact your local Third, the CompatiCard was installed as a 6 (Macintosh Control Program) is the proIBM dealer for more information. o gram that allows you to read, write and secondary controller; it allowed me to c: format Macd isks.Assumingthatyou have con tinued on page 96
86
RS-232
Another serial interface standard?
CHARLES R. BALL, JR.
he king is d ead! Long live the king! No, we're no t talking How do you spell relief? -ab out- Elvis-P resley,-b ut-a-new-serial-interfac:ing-stan- - - -The-new-A NSI/EIA -232-D Standard (available-from the T dard. The old standard was called RS-232-C, and is curEIA for $20.00 see the sources box) resolves some of the
i
rently in w ide use on everything from your computer to your CD p layer. The new standard is called EIA- 232-D, and it differs from the old one pri marily in codifying several de facto standards, and in defining several new signals that allow for better handshaking and simp ler system testing. Let's find out w hat EIA -232-D is all abo ut.
What, no connector? A popular misconception is that the RS-232-C standard specifies a compute r cable o r connector. Actually, it specifies neither, in fact, the spec ifications hardly even mention cables and connectors. The specifications do, how ever, specify signal lines-some 22 in all. Those specifications are con tained in a document called Interface Between Data-T erminal Equipment and
DTE
PIN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DeE
PIN
[>
<
<
SHIELD TRANSMITIED
) DATA rTO) ~ ]
'(
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
RECEIVED DATA (RD) . REQUEST TO SEND (RTS) CLEAR TO SEND (C TS) DA TA SET READY !DSR) SIGNAL GROUND
[>
<
<
<
>J < (>
( DATA CARRIER DETECT !DCOI
9
10
+ TEST VOLTAG E
- TEST VOLTAG E UN ASSI GNED
<
8
9 10
Data-Communication Equip ment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange. (No wonde r we call it R S-232!) The
standard was first introduced in 1962i it was accepted for use by the Department of Defense as a non-government d ocument in 1969. It was subseq uently revised in 1972, and it hasn't bee n up d ated since. Rather, creative license has been taken with it to meet up -to- d ate needs of the comp uter community. So, w hat was originally designed as a serial interface b etween devices owned by the telephone company (in 1969 all mod ems be longed to the telephone company), turned out to be a catc h-all interface between any two serial d evices.
The original T o the d ismay of many engineers, the original standard left much to be desired, and for several reasons. First, the original standard did not specify a connector, it merely defined pi n numbers. Second, the original standard provided neither true handshaking nor loopback testing . Third, no connector was specified. However, the 25-p in D connector (also known asa DB25) became the de facto standard R S-232 con nector. A big exception was IBM's introd uction of the 9-p in serial-interface connector used w ith the AT. A nd; of course, IBM uses the DB25 female connector for its parallel p rinter cab le. ARRGH!
11
12 1 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
11
> < < <

<
< <
HIGH-SPEED INDICATOR (HS) SECONDARY C TS (SC TS) SECONDARY TO (SlO) TR ANSMISSIO N TIMING SECONDARY RO (SRD) RECEIVER TIMING LOCAL LOOPBACK SECONDARY RTS (SR TS) DATA TERMINAL READY (DTRI REMOTE LOOP BACK {RLI RING INDICA TOR DATA SIGNAL RATE SELECT TRANSMIT SIGNAL TIMING TEST MODE
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/
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12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
) )-
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< 7 > <
<
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rn
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FIG. 1-EIA-232-D SIGNALS are defined here, along with signal directions. A DTE is usually an origina ting device (such as a serial terminal); a DeE is usually a receiving device (a modem or printer, for exampl e).
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p roblems. T able 1 summarizes the pri mary EIA-232-D specifi cations; in ad d itio n, the new stand ard d efines the DB25 asthe stand ard conn ector. Thatsjust greet, b ecause it's the o ne that most of us use anyvvay In the new system, signal funct ions are now d efined to faci litate fully interlocked data handshake between DataT erm inal Equ ip ment ( DTE) and Data-Comm unications Eq uipm ent ( DCE). DTE generally includes serial terminals, and DCE generally includ es printers and mod ems. However, that's not an ironclad rule. By d efiniti on, a d evic e that transmits on pin 2 is DTE; a device that transmits on p in 3 is DCE. DTE's are usually male conn ectors, and DCE 's are usually female con nectors . Figure 1 shows the signal name and d irect ion of each p in in both DCE and DTE.
TABLE 1-EIA-232-D SPECIFICATIONS
25
20
-- ---- -- - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
-T---
15
10
DATA = 0 = SPACE
- 25
LO AD 3000 OHMS
Parameter Connector, DTE .-C..onnectoJ, DCE Maximum Cable Length Maximum Data Rate Number of drivers and receivers on line Driver Output Swing Driver Load Driver Slew Rate Receiver Input Resistance Receiver Input Threshold Receiver Input Range
Specification DB-25 Male DB-25_Female Limited by capacitance (2500pF max.) 20K bitslsec 1 driver 1 receiver 5V min.; 15V max. 3K to 7K ohms 30V/I-lS max. 3K to 7K ohms 3V 30V max.
FIG. 2-EIA-232-D SIGNAL LEVELS are shown here. A 12-Yolt sw ing is suitable for loads of as much as 3000 oh ms.
might swap p ins 2 and 3, pins 4 and 5, and pins 6 and 20. A cabl e (or adapter) that imp lements that type of connection is called a null-modem cable (or adapter). In som e cases only p ins 2 and 3 need be swapped; in others, half a dozen or more may need to be swapped. The type of eq uip ment and the software contro lling it are the determining facto rs.
New lines
Three new signals have been created by defining previously und efined lines or red efining existing signal lines. Table 2 shows the old and new p in definitions. Note that pin 21 is now called remote loo p back ( R L); it is used to enab le remote-loopback testing. The basic idea of loop-
Devic es w ith the same characteristics (i.e., two DTE 's or two DCE's) can be conn ected by reversing several pairs of conductors. For examp le, to co nnect two DTE's, you
TABLE 2-RS-232 VS. EIA-232 RS-232 Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Circuit AA BA BB CA CB CC AB CF Description Protective Ground Transmitted Data Received Data Request to Send Clear to Send Data Set Ready Signal Ground Received Line Sig. Det. Reserved for Testing Reserved for Testing Unassigned Sec. Rec'd Line Sig. Det. Sec. Clear to Send Sec. Transmitted Data Trans. Sig. Element Timing Sec. Received Data Unassigned Sec. Request to Send Data Terminal Ready Sig. Quality Detector Ring Indicator Data Sig. Rate Detector Trans. Sig. Element Timing Unassigned EIA-232 Circuit Description Shield BA Transmitted Data BB Received Data Request to Send CA CB Clear to Send DCE READY CC AB Signal Ground CF Received Line Reserved for Testing Reserved for Testing Unassigned SCF/CI Sec. Rec'd Line Sig. Detl Data Signal Rate Select SCB Sec. Clear to Send SBA Sec. Transmitted Data Trans Sig. Element Timing DB SBB Sec. Received Data Local Loopback LL SCA Sec. Request to Send Data Terminal Ready CD RUCG Remote LoopbacklSig. Quality Detector CE Ring Indicator Data Signal Rate CH/CI DA Trans. Sig. Element Timing TM Test Mode
SCF SCB SBA DB SBB SCA CD CG CE CH/CI DA
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1 +
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LOGI C INPUTS RTS RS232 OUTPUT
TTUCMOS INPUTS
RTS RS-232 OUTPUT
14 5K LOG IC OUTPUTS 9
RO
t--..----+--'-- RS232 INPUT
t---.--j-''--- RS232 INPUT

5K ON/OFF
CTS
a
FIG. 3-THE LT1080 (a) AND THE MAX232 (b) can swing RS-232 vol tages with only a + 5-volt supply.
back testing is as follows: A device transmits a signal and read s it back in. If there is any d iscrepancy between the two, there is a problem w ith the communi cations circui t or one of the devices in the c ircuit. Actually, there are two types of loopback: local and remote . A local loop back test may be as simp le as shorting transmit and receive pi ns and initiating a test p rogram. In a remote test, d ata is transmitted through some sort of c ircuit, th rough an answering device, and then back through the circuit to the originating device. A mod em engaged in remote-Ioopback testing, for examp le, might send test signalsover a telephone line to another modem, w hich would then echo those signals back to the first mod em. l signal to tell a DCE to loop back, A DTE uses the R thereby enabling the DTE to test the integrity of the communications connection between the two devices. Similarly, previously undefined pi n 18 is now called local loopback (l l.), l ast, previously und efined p in 25 is now called test mod e (TM)j the DCE uses it to inform the DTE that it has received an R l or I I signal from the DTE.
specify a computer interface requiring a 12-volt supply, especially when everyone know s that most d igital eq uipment runs on + 5 vo lts. The answer to that qu estion pro bably has to do w ith the popularity of those voltages (which were of ten used in analog circuits ) at the time the RS-232-C standard was d rafted. Figure 2 shows the signal levels d efined in the new standard. Note that the basic range is 3- 25 volts DC. The idl e state of an EIA-232-D interface is high, also called space. During a data transmission, that state corresponds to a b inary O . The active state is called mark or bi nary 1. Anyth ing in between (in the range between + 3 and - 3 volts) is called the d ead band, signals in that range are und efined . For short-range transmission, you can get away w ith a 5-volt supply, but w ith much loadin g, errors w ould be likely. T o attain maximum range, you 'd w ant to use 25vo lt supplies . A 12-volt sup p ly is co mmonly used because it strikes a good balance b etween range and circ uit cost. A lso, the ubiquitous 1488 and 1489 line d river and receiver I('s ope rate at those voltages.
Signal levels It's co mmon to use 12-volt signal sw ings in R S-232 c ircuits. You may have wondered why anyone would
Pote ntial problems O ne perennial problem with serial interfaces is signal vo ltages. How do we get 12 vo lts from d igital circuits that operate from + 5-volt supplies? Couldn 't the stand ard b e changed to accommodate + 5-volt signals?
<0
continued on page 95
89
BUILD A
SYNERGY
CARD
FOR YOUR PC
Wrapping up the Synergy Card
R.D. WARNER
his is the last of three articles discussing the theory, construction, and use of a Synergy Card,a device used T for generating sound effects and influencing brain function. In Part 1we discussed the theory of a technique that uses aud io signals to influence brai n function.The goal of that technique is to achieve Hemisphere S ynchronization (HS) by means of F requency-F ollow ing Response (FFR). It is theorized that hemisphere synchronization creates a mental atmosphere that allows for better concentration and more creativity In the second part we described thecircuitry of a card that plugs into any IBM PC compatible, and allowsyou to experiment w ith HS, FFR , and to generate sound effects and multi-voice music. The card also has a number of digital I/O lines that can interface your P Cto bio-monitoring or to other equipment. This time,we'll show you how to build, test and operate the Synergy Card. Included are software listings in B ASIC, assemb ler, and DEBUG scripts. Those progra ms may be used as-is for testing purposes, or may be used as models and expanded for more-complex usage. All Iistingsare alsoavai lable on R E-BBS (516-293-2283,300/1200 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit);j ust download the file HEMISYNC.ARC. If you build your own card,you'll have to deal with the absence of p lated-through holes. That means that you'll have to solder many components on both sides of the board, install feed-throughs, etc. If you choosethatmethod, be very careful, and check your work several times. Use the parts-placement d iagram shown in Fig. 3 to mount all components. Note that the Ie's are installed in various orientations, so double-check to make sure that none is installed backward. Regardless of construction method, when you're ready to stuff the board, first install all deco upling capacitors (C13-C18, with C16 mounted on the solder side), and C19 and C20. When you install C19, note its proximity to trimmer resistor R12. Now connect a DMMacrossVee and ground to check for shorts. Now do the audio section, mounting R14 and R15 on the solder side of the board. Some of the discrete components are very close together, so be careful and check your work severa l times.
Next, install J1 , J2, and the mounting bracket. The mounting tabs of the bracket go on the component side of the board. There should be enoughplay in the mount'rs holes so the bracket lines up w ith the connectors; if
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6
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90
FIG. 1-MOUNT ALL COMPONENTS as shown here, being carefu l in the audio sectio n, whe re close com ponent mounting cou ld lead to shorts.
TABLE 1-LOGIC LEVELS PSG Pin Before After LOW 1 N.C. 2 LOW 3 4 LOW N.C. 5 HIGH 6 7 HIGH HIGH 8 HIGH 9 HIGH 10 11 HIGH HIGH 12 HIGH 13 HIGH 14 HIGH 15 16 HIGH 17 HIGH HIGH 18 19 HIGH 20 HIGH 2 -1 - R IGH PULSE 22 23 HIGH 24 LOW HIGH 25 26 VARIES HI-Z LOW 27 HI-Z LOW 28 HI-Z LOW 29 VARIES LOW 30 VARIES LOW 31 32 VARIES LOW VARIES LOW 33 34 VARIES LOW VARIES LOW 35 VARIES LOW 36 VARIES LOW 37 LOW 38 VAR 39 HIGH 40 PPI Before VAR, HI-Z VAR, HI-Z VAR. HI-Z VAR, HI-Z PULSE HIGH LOW PULSE PULSE LOW, HI-Z HI-Z HI-Z HI-Z HI-Z HI-Z HI-Z HI-Z VAR VAR VAR - - - VAR VAR VAR VAR VAR HIGH PULSE PULSE PULSE PULSE PULSE PULSE PULSE PULSE LOW PULSE VAR. HI-Z VAR. HI-Z VAR. HI-Z VAR. HI-Z After LOW LOW LOW LOW
c lock (IC4), 01 , R 1, and R Y1 The clock has a d ot on one end that ind icates pin 1 A transistor w ith in-line pins (not pin-circl e) should b e used for 0 1 Oth erw ise, the coll ectc r and emitter w iII b e reversed . Now mount IC1, IC2, and IC3, fo llow ed by IC5 and IC6.
Testing
After resolving any probl ems, install the card in yo ur PC and boot up. Then use a logic probe to check the p ins ofthe A-ogrammable Perip heral Interfaces (PPI's) and the A-ogrammab le Sound Generators (PSG's). Your readi ngs should match those in T ab le 1 The "Before" and 'A fter" columns in that table refer to the states of the respective pins before and after the initialization program is run. Here are a few notes on w hy various readings are obtained . Before initialization, PPI I/O ports are in a highimped ance state. So, for example, PortA ofPPI1 (IC5, p ins
LIS TING 1
LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW
___-=-A __
C>debug
XXXX : 0100 XXXX : 0103 XXXX:Ol05 xxxx :OI08 XXXX :OlOA XXXX : OlOD XXXX :O l lO XX XX : 0 11 2 XXXX:0 115 XXXX : 0 118 XXXX:OIIB XX XX : 012E XXXX:0121 XXXX : 0 123 MOV MOV MOV MQV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MO V MOV INT
; Enter Debug
; Go into assemble mode

BX,DOOO
oS ,ax
D1, FF F8 BH,80 [DI+03j,BH [DI+07) ,BH [DI+02), BL [D I+Ol ) , B L [DI J,BL [ D1+06J, DL [D1+ 0 5) ,BL [ D1+ 0 4j, BL 20
; Set seg ment to 0000 , ; which is card location.

;S e t PPI p o r t s to OUTPUT -
; fi.rst PPI 0 , ; then PPI 1 . ;write zero to all ports, the ; PSG control reg' s first so ; t ha t PSG's are i n INACT state.
; Ret u rn to DOS
; Hit r e t u r n to quit assemb ly
- RBX
BX 0000
;Make r e g i s t e r BX set to z ero

; Set ex to p rogram l e ng t h ; in hex bytes ; Gi ve the prog r am a COM name ;Write i t to disk
:0
-RCX CX 0000 :23 - N B:SCINIT .COM
-w
W r i ting 0023 byte s
LOW LOW LOW LOW
-0
C>
; Qu i t
L I ST I NG 2
not, yo u can d rill the mounting ho les out slightly. Don 't drill them too much, thou gh, or you'll damage the traces. The card w as d esigned using a bracket supplied by Vector; oth ers may not align co rrectly. Install the 40- and 14- pin jumper header sockets, and then all w ire jumpers. Let's d o a little more checking be fore co ntinuing. Ag ain, make sure that Vcc and ground are not shorted. The forward -biased resistance acrossa decoupling capacitor should be around 35 ohms. Also, make sure that none of the edge-card finge rs is shorted to a neighbor. Cor rect any p rob lems before p roceeding. Then wi re up an aud io cab le that co nnects J2 to the appropriate inputs of yo ur stereo system. The LM386's can dri ve headphones directly; doing so may b e most co nvenient for testing. With the co mp uter turned off, insert the card in a slot, and connect the card to the Tape or A ux. jacks of yo ur stereo. Make sure the card is aligned in the slot properly. Then turn your stereo on w ith the vol ume low. Now turn the computer on and apply an audio signal to the j unct ion of R2 and R6. You should hear the tone through the left speaker. Then apply the the to ne to the j unction of R3 and R 7: This time yo u should hear the tone over the right speaker. R emove the card from yo ur PC (after pow ering it down, of course), and co rrect any p rob lems. Then solder in the
1 0 DEF SEG = &H5000
'Th i s loads the
pro c e dur e
2 0 FOR I = 256 ! T O 53 5! 3 0 READ IMBED%
outside of BAS IC set 10 to whe re you but l e av e offset
l i ke
4 0 POKE I , H~ BE D %
al on e.
50 NEX T I
55
--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - ----- --- - - -- -- --- - - - - - -- - - ----
60 DATA GH50, GH53, GH51, &H52, &HIE 7 0 DAT A GH57, &H5 6, GHB8, &HOO, &HDO, GH8E , GHD8, &HB7, &H80.GHB F, &HFD 75 DATA &HFF , GH88, &H3D , &HBF , &HFF, &HFF, &H88 , &H3D , GH32 , &HFF, &HBF 80 DAT A &HF A , &HFF, GH88, &H3D, GHBF , &HFE, &HFF, &H88 , &H3D, GHEB, &H0 6 9 0 DATA &H90 , &HOO, &HOI, &HOO, &HOO, &HOO, &H2E . &H8D, &HlE , &H2A, &HOI 100 DATA GH80 , &HFF, GH30 , &H7C, &H2D , &H80, &HFF, &H30, &H74 , GH08, &H80 11 0 DATA &HFF, &H31, &H74, &H13 , &HE9, GHCD, &HOO, &H2E, GHC6, &H06 , &H29 115 DATA &HOl , &H80. &HBF , &HFA. &HFF, &HB3.&H80, &H88 , &HID, &HE9, &HBD 1 2 0 DAT A GHOO, &H2E , &HC6, &H06 , GH29 , &HOI . &HOO, &HBF, &HFA, &HF F, &H32 125 DATA &HDB, &H88, &HID,&HE9, &HAD, &HOO, &H80, GHFF, &H20, &H7C,&H09 130 DAT A GH80 , &HEF, GH20, &HBF, &H02, &HOO, GHEB , &H11 , &H90, &H80. &IlFF 1 4 0 DA TA &H I0, &H7C , &H0 9 , &H80, &HEF , &HIO, &HBF , GHOl, GHOO, GHEB, &H03 1 5 0 DAT A &H9 0 , GH33 , GHFF, &H53, &H83, GHFF, &H02, &H7C, GH6 0, &HBF, GHFD 1 5 5 DATA &IlFF, &HBE. &HFE , &HFF , GH59, &H2E. GH8A, &H3E , &H2 9 , &HOl, &H80 1 60 DAT A &HF F, G1l80 , &H74, &H06 , &H33 , GHDB , &H53, GHED , GH0 4 , &H90, &H32 170 DAT }>. GHDB, &H53, GH2E, GH8A, GH16 , GH28, GHOl , GHD8 , G1l06 , &HOO, GHF6 180 DATA GHE2, &H2 E, &H0 2, &H06, &H2 7, GHOl , &H5 0 , GH5 3, GH2 F., GH8A, &H 16 1 85 DATA &H28, &HOl , &HB8 , &H07. &HOO, &Il F 6 , &HE 2 , &H2 E, &H02, &H0 6 , GH2 7 190 DATA &HOl , &H8" . &HFD , &H88 , &H3 D. &H8 A, &HD8 , &H88, &HIC, &H5B, &H8 8 2 0 0 DAT A &H3 C , &H8" , &HD9 , &H88 , &HlD, GH5B, &H8 8, &HI C , &H5 B, &H8B, &H3C 2 10 DATA GHD3, &HOl , GH2E, &H8 8 , &HIE, &H2 8 , &HOl, &H32, &HDB, &H2E, &H8 8 220 DATA &HlE, &H27 , &H01 , &HEB , &H2A , &H90, &HBE , &HFA, &HFF, &H2 E, &H8 A 23 0 DAT A GHI E, &H29 , &110 1, &H80, &HF B , &H80, &H75 , &H05, &H2 E , &H88, &HlE 235 DAT A &H27, &HOI , &H83 . &HFF, &HOO, &H7 F, &HOC, &HB3, &HIO, GH2E , &H88 240 DATA GHl E , &H28 , &HOl , &HBF, &HF8, &HF F, &HEB, &H83 , &HBF , &IlF9 . GHFF 245 DATA &HE9 , &H7D, &HFF . &H5 E , GH5F . &HlF , &H5A , &H59, GH5B . &H58. &HCB 248 ' - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - -- -- --- - - - - - - - - - - -- - 250 INPUT "ENTER REGISTER NUMBER":R1\ ' En t e r "99" to e xit 260 IF R1\ = 99 THE N GOTO 3 3 0
p rog
270 INPUT "ENTER DATA TO WRITE" 2 80 POKE 298 !, D1\ 290 POKE 299!, RH 300 OFFST = 256! 3 10 DEF SEG = &H5000 315 CALL OF FS T 320 GOTO 25 0 3 30 END
~D l %
'Set segment to match I 1 ine 10 , bu t of fs et
must eq ua l 256 o r
, hex 100 .
$? m s: CD
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co
91
LlSTlNG 3 XXXX : 0 100 x XXX :0103 XXXX:OI05 XXXX : Ol o a XXXX :OIOA XXXX: Ol OO XXXX:OllO XXXX :01l2 XXXX :01l5 XXXX:Ol18 XXXX : OllB XXXX:OllE XXXX:0121 XXXX: 012 4 MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV HOV MOV MQV MOV MOV MOV INT BX, OOOO OS , BX 01, F FF a BH,ao [01+03 ] , BH !01 -07J,BH (OI +02J,BL [01 +01) ,BL [ 0 1 J, BL AX , FOFF [01+061, AH [01+05) .BL [0 1+04) , AL 20
TABLE 2-MUSICAL NOTES Note Octave Ideal Note Octave Ideal
; Set segment to 0000.
: which 1s card r oc a t i o n .
; Set PP I ports to OUTPUT -
; first PPI O.
; then PPI 1;W r i t e zero to non-I /O ports , the ; PSG control reg' 5 f irst so ; that PSG's are in INACT state.
; AH sends I NACT t o PSG 2, and
C C# 0 0#
E
; makes 4 I /O bl ts HIGH. ; Wei tea zero to PSG 2 data lines

; At makes 8 I /O bits go HIGH ; Re turn to DOS
1-4 and 37-40) should show a high imp ed ance on your logic probe b efore running the initialization program . P ort A of the other PPI behaves the same way. The B ports ( pi ns 18-25) of both PPI's show varied readings, because they 're connected to the data lines of the PSG's, and a PSG does disconcerting but harmless things unless the INACT (inactive) co mmand (000) is present o n itscontrol lines (pins 27-29). PSG p ins 6--21 are for the two I/O ports, and appear high w hen in the inp ut mode. Now let's d iscuss the initializat io n program, SClNIlCOM, shown in Listing 1. What it does is to set all PPI ports to o utputs, and then loads a zero into each one, driving all port lines low The low s on the con tro l lines of the PSG's constitute the INACT command, so the PSG's calm down. PSG p ins 26 and 39 w ill sti ll vary, because they are test p ins whose funct ion varies d ependin g on w hich model of the AY-3-8910 IC yo u have. Now load and run SCINllCOM using DEBUG. Enter the assembly-language instructions and debug commands as shown, bu t don't enter the semico lons or the co mments fo llowing them. Ignore the Xs shown in the first column. After running the prog ram, yo u'll notice that the data and control lines of the PSG's are now all low That initializatio n program tests the steering logic, b ut to really check the ind ivid ual data and I/O lines requires the use of a larger' assembly-language procedure, which, unfortunately, we don't have enough space to publish. You can how ever, download it from the RE-BBS. If you assemble the program, make sure that the last byte in the object file generated is OCBh. The author found that w hen using his macro assembler, it is necessary to go in manually and change that byte; otherwise he couldn 't get the procedure to return properly to the BA SIC program shown next. The last line of the source code may be a d ummy, beca use no matter what's put in there, it d oesn't co mp ile right. F or some reason, it insists on executing an intra-segment return (OC3h), instead of an inter-segment return. The assembly-language procedure is also emb ed de d in the BASIC program shown in Listing 2. That program allows you to write any byte-size value to anyone of the Synergy Card's 50 registers. Remember, each PSG has 16 registers; registers 0-47 are used to set and reset the PSG lines, and registers 48 and 49 are d ummies used to turn Cf) a the relay o n and off (w hich in turn is used to con tro l the Z motor of a cassette record er). 0 F or examp le, if you write a 2 to any of the registers a: I-32-47, line D1 of PSG2 will go high.Or by w riting a1to any a UJ ..J of the registers 16--3\ DO of PSG1 w ill go high. UJ Byforcing one bit high at a time, you can thereby check 6 0 not on ly the PSG's, b ut the PPl 's as well. If a PSG line <l: a: d oesn't go high, check the correspond ing PPI line. If it
92
F F# G G# A A#
B
C C# 0 0#
E
F F# G G# A A#
B
C C# 0 0#
E
F F# G G# A A#
c
E
C# 0 0# F F# G G# A A#
B
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
32.703 34 .648 36.708 38 .891 41.203 43.654 46.249 48.999 51.913 55.000 58.270 61.735 65.406 69.296 73.416 77.782 82.406 87.308 92.498 97.998 103.826 110.000 116.540 123.47 0 130.812 138.592 146.832 155.564 164.812 174.616 184.996 195.996 207.652 220.000 233 .080 246.940 261.624 277 .184 293 .664 311 .128 329.624 349 .232 369.992 391.992 415.304 440.000 466.160 493.880
C C# 0 0#
E
F F# G G# A A#
B
C C# 0 0#
E
F F# G G# A A#
B
C C# 0 0#
E
F F# G G# A A#
B
C C# 0 0#
E
F F# G G# A
A# B
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
523.248 554 .368 587 .328 622 .256 659 .248 698.464 730 .984 783.984 830 .608 880.000 932 .320 987 .760 1046.496 1108.736 1174 .656 1244.512 1318.496 1396.928 1479.968 1567.968 1661 .216 1760.000 1864 .640 1975 .520 2092 .992 2217.472 2349 .312 2489 .024 2636 .992 2793.856 2959.936 3135.936 3322.432 352 0.000 3729.280 395 1.040 4185 .984 4434.944 4698 .624 4978.048 5273.984 5587 .712 5919.872 627 1.872 664 4.864 7040 .000 7458 .560 7902 .080
went high, there's p robably an open somewhere be tween the two. It doesn't take long to go through and check each line that way, and it can save a lot of headaches later. You can also test the relay using that program: If you wrlte to register 48, the relay w ill close, and if yo u w rite to register 49 it w ill o pen. It d oesn't matter w hat data yo u w rite to the dummy registers. How do yo u test the PSG I/O lines? You can use the same routine, be cause the I/O registers are accessed just like the fourteen sound -contro l registers. Remember that register 7 of each PSG controls the d ata direct ion of its two I/O p orts, using bits 6 and ' 7 (for ports A and B, respectively). When one of those bi ts is high, the cor responding port is an output port, and w hen it's 10VY, the port is an inpu t port. So, to test the output ports first you must write a decimal 192 to registers 7, 23, and 39. Then, once again, simply make each bi t go high one at a time. F or example, by writing 192 to register 39, and then 128 to register 47, bi t B7 (the second port) of PSG2 wi ll go high.
PARTS LIST All resistors are Y4-watt, 5% unless otherwise noted .

R1-R3-1 000 Ohms R4, R5-500 Ohms R6, R7-68,OOO Ohms R8, R9-15,OOO Ohms R10, R11 -10 Ohms R12, R13-10,O OO Ohms Trimmer Potentiometer R14, R15-27,OOO Ohms
ENVELO PE GENERATOR O UTPUT
Capacitors
C1, C2-330 pF, mica C3, C4-2.2 IJ.F, 15 volts, tanta lum C5, C6-0.01 IJ.F, ceramic disc C7, C8-10 IJ.F, 15 volts, tantalum C9, C1D-O.1 IJ.F, 15 volts, tantalum C11, C12---Q.047 IJ.F, ceramic disc C13-22 IJ.F, 15 volts, tantalum C14-C18---Q.1 IJ.F, 15 volts, tantalum C19, C2o-220 IJ.F, axial, 15 volts, electrolytic
Semiconductors
IC1-74LS30N , 8-input NAND gate IC2- 74LS10P, triple 3-input NAND gate IC3-74LS138 , a-to-a decoder IC4-1.8432-MHz, clock IC5, IC6-8255A-5, programmab le peripheral interface IC7-IC9-AY-3-8910A, programmable sound generator IC10, IC11-LM386N-1, audio amplifier Q1 -2N3904, NPN transistor
Other components
J1-9-pin "0 " connector, PC mount J2- 15-pin "0 " connector, PC mount RY1-5-volt SPST reed relay (Radio Shack)
1 1
Miscellaneous
EP IS THE ENVELOPE PERIOO
Metalized hood for 9- and 15-pin connectors. Shielded plugs and cables for stereo hookup. 3/ 32" plug for cassette remote jack.
FIG. 2-THE CONTENTS OF PSG REGISTER 13 determines the shape of the envelope.
T o test the twelve b its of I/O coming straight from IC5, you need to use a procedure similar to that used in SCI NIICOM. R emember that P ort A and the top 4 bits of PortCsupplythat I/O, soallyou have to do isset the PPI to output mode, and then write to the ports. Listing 3 show s a DEBUG procedure that will set al112 bits high. That comp letes the digital testing. Track down and correct any problems before proceeding.
Make beautiful (1) music ")
Note: The follOWing are available from Perceptual Research Ventures, P.O. Box 20151, Missoula, MT 59801: Etched , drilled , tin-plated , and silkscreened PC board (PR-10), $36.00; assembled, tested , and coated card (PR-48), $319.95; custom cabling (PR-8), $28.95; Sleep Lab software, compiled , runs card as a background task, leaving CPU free for other work, (PR100), $25 . Unfort unately, due to FCC regulations, the assembled and tested unit may be sold only to qualified research institutions. All orders add $5 for postage and handling.
Install the Synergy Card in your P C, and connect it to your audio system as described last time. Turn on the computer and make sure that it boots. Then turn on the audio system with the volume lovv, and run the initialization program. T o begin, let's make a single layer (one tone pair) of Synergistic Sound. Since one tone will go to each channel, write to P SG1 In it, voices A and B go to the left channel, and C goes to the right. (That waywe only have to enable the tones in one PSG,) To enable A and C, and disable noise in all three channels, write a decimal 58 to register 23. Next write the appropriate values into the coarse- and fine-tune registers to get the desired frequency F or this example we' ll create tones of 200 and 202 Hz, w hich provide a synergistic sound frequency of 2 Hz, a nice delta brain-wave frequency
Wecalculated the registervalues for the 200-Hz carrier frequencylast month:CT = 2, and FT = 64. Using the same technique for 202 Hz, we get CT = 2,and FT = 58.Worki ng backvvard, those values will actuallyyield a frequencyof 202.1053 Hz (assuming the clock frequency isexact). If FT were 59,we would geta frequency of 2017513 Hz, sothe first value yields the most accurate results. To generate those tones, write a 64 to register 16, 2 to register 17,58 to register 20, and 2 to reg ister 21 Now just turn up the volume. Increase the on-board volume to maximum by writing a 15 to register 24 and register 26. Writing a 16 to those registers wou ld switch from fixedamplitude to envelope. Table 2 showsthe ideal frequency for eight octaves of m notes ranging from C1 to B8. You 'll find that the card is ~ capable of gettingw ithin 0.01 Hz of the ideal frequency gJ for low notes, andwithin about 88.0Hz atthe upper end, cD due to nonlinear distribution. ~
93
..................
.
FIG. 4-THE AUTHOR 'S CUSTOM CABLE , which is used to connect the Synergy Card to an audio system.
w
.,
,
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................. .. . ...,..
.
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.................
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startingat amplitude zero. There is one trickto remember for that waveform: The eq uation is set up for the sawtooth envelopes, and the triangle wave takestwice as muchtime perw ave. So we 'll use 0.20 Hz and 0.24 Hz to obtain the correct values. F or an fEN of 0.20, CT should be 140and FT should be 160. F or an fEN of 0.24, CT should be 117 and FT should be 48. Enable Voice A in PSG 0 and PSG 2 by writing 55 to registers 7 and 39. Write the CT and FT values to the appropriate registers. Next write a 14 to registers 13 and 45; that selects our envelope shape. The noise frequency is governed by the simple equation:
FIG.3-THE COMPLETED BOARD. Note that IC sockets are used

for IC7-IC9, and for the jumper headers . The jumper headers, if desired, can provide 48 bits of 1 /0 in addition to the 12 bits available at J2.
Now let's see how to use amplitude envelopes and noise generators. This demonstration provides a mix that sounds like ocean surf. You canturn off the previoustones by writing a 0 to registers 24 and 26. Our surf wi ll use a logarithmic, U-shaped envelope of w hitenoise. A 0.1 0-Hz signal goesto the left channel, and 0.12 Hz to the right. The frequency difference means the phase relationship w ill change constantly, making the sound realistic. The first thing we need to do is calculate our coarseand fine-tune registervalues for the envelopes. The equation is almost identical to that used for tones, and can be solved in the same way:
fE N
(J)
In that equation, fN is the desired noise frequency, teL is the clock speed, and P N is the value in the Noise Period register. NPcan range from1to 31. F or thisexample,write a 1to registers 6 and 38. Last, turn on the volume by writing a16to registers 8 and 40. Now you should heara surf-like sound coming from your audio system. At this time, evaluate the signal level arriving at your stereo. The potentiometers on the Synergy Card control that level; one for each channel. Adju st them for maximum volume, and balance between the two channels.
Conclusion
You'll probably want to experiment with envelope shapers), volume,numberof layers, carrier freq uency, and S ynergistic Sound frequency Warning: Avoid 13-15 Hz
beat frequencies, which have been known to cause epileptic seizures in those prone to them.
teL / [256
x (256CT
FT))
o cc
...J
b UJ
6 o ~
cc
UJ
In that eq uation, fEN represents the desired envelope frequency, CT and FT representthe coarse- and fine-tune registers, and teL represents the clock speed. For proper envelope generation, CT and FT cannot both be zero. Envelope shapes and corresponding binarycodes are shown in Fig. 1. We want a triangle wave (on a log scale)
Much could be said about how you can use the60 bits of I/O For example, to build an inexpensive isolated controller, you could use the Synergy Card to drive transistors, which would in turn drive relays. Or you could drive a DAC, w hich would drive a VCO, and use it to transmit data over phone lines. Or have it read in-coming digital data.Asa readerof Computer Digest, you probably have some ideas of your own. The authorwishes to thank MontanaMicro for technical assistance, Jameco Electronics for supp lies and equipment, and Brady Books for technical references.
<D.
94
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co ntin ue d from p ag e 89
It's too late for that ty pe of solutio n; there are simply too many systems out there now using the old standard , and all that eq uipment would all become obso lete, or at best incompatib le. How ever, in recent years, several Ie manufacturers ( incl udi ng Maxi m Integrated Pro d ucts and Linear Tech nol ogy) have come up with clever devices that allow you to create and use vo ltages that fall w ithin the EIA-232-D standard from only a + S-vo lt supply. In add itio n to the necessary line driversand receivers,the devices contain a charge pump. Supplied with several high-value capacitors and a source of + 5 vol ts, the Ks can swing an EIA -232-D 10 vo lts. Typical applications of the Linear Technology and Maxim d evices are shown in Figs. 3-a and 3-b respectively. Both compa nies sell a number of similar devices in various configurations; contact them at the addresses in the Sources box for more information.
11, 12, and 22 are also fairly co mmo n. Pin 11 is used somet imes (especially in Europ e) as a "Printer Busy " signal. Pin 12 may be used as a high-speed ind icator; in that case, it is active if the device is transmitting at 2400 baud or greater. Pin 22 is a hand shaking line that functions in a co mp lementary manner to pin 20.
Conclusions
In this br ief treatment, we have tried to outline the featuresof the new serial-interface standard. The informatio n p resented here should help yo u und erstand the id eal, and may help yo u solve yo ur next interfacing prob lem. Hap py interfacing!.CD.
Sources Electronic Industries Association, 2001 EyeStreetN. W , Washington , DC 20006. (202) 457-4900. Linear Technology Corporation, 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7487. (408) 432-1900. Maxim Integrated Products, 510 N. Pastoria Ave., Sunnyvale, CA 94086. (408) 737-7600.
Making connections
Pin 1 is no longer defined as p rotective ground, b ut as the shield. It's normally grounded to the case of the DTE; the other end is usually left open to prevent gro und loops. The actual signal ground must be retumed through p in 7; pins 1 and 7 sho uld never be co nnected together. Doing so co uld indu ce noi se in the signal ground o r cause ground-loop currents. . In implementing a serial interface, some devices use as few as three leads (TD, RD, and GND); others add an additional line (pin 20 or pin 11) for "b usy" process ing; yet others use all 22 d efined lines. The most com mon ly used signals are 1-8, and 20. Pins
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95
and Excel won't have to page overlaysto menus). Al so, a separate product cond isk as often. In add ition, the prod uct's taining DOS 4.0 and a custom version of speed has been enhanced, many printer Windows/286 has been introd uced; accontinued from p as e 86 dr ivers have been added, and the inco rding to IBM, the Windows Kit contains stallation procedure hasbeen simplified. a set of applications, includ ing a word ad d a standard 360K drive. Last, the A lthough Windows/286 Version 2.1 wi ll processor, a spelling checker, an eq uation MatchMaker allow ed me to run the exterrun on 8088- and 8086-based P C's, pered ito r, and grap hi ng. The latt er canal Macintosh drive. The only probl em formance w ill b e less than optimal. In pab ilities should be especially useful to was that I used up all my expansion slots, addition, HIMEM.S YS requires extended our read ers; we'll have a report assoon as so I'm wondering w here to install my CDmemory (that above 1MB) to work, and we can get our hand s on a copy ROM cont roller card. Any ideas? m . 8088-based P C's do not support extend ed memory The same memory-management technology has been incorporated into WinHypertext d ows/386 Version 2.1, w hich requires an Last fall Appl e released a p rogram called HyperCard that it now includ es 80386- or 80386SX-based PC to run, and WARE: p rovides multip le independent virtua l w ith every Macintosh. HyperCard is the DOS machines, each of wh ich can run its first and most w idesp read imp lementaown DOS environment w ith as much as tion of a concept called Hypertext. The 640K of memory Unlike Windo w s/286, concept originated w ith a man named Windows/386 allows standard DOS apT ed Nelson about 20 years ago, b ut only d uring the past few years have people pli cations (for example, Lotus, d BA SE, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _WordStar,_ets)_to_run _simultane0usly in- -had enough computing-horsepower to on-screen wi ndows. do anything serious wi th Hypertext. New Windows, New DOS True Hypertext is actually a multi-meDOS 4.0 dia phenomenon, involving text, sound, IBM has j ust released the first major ~ j icrosoft has just released a new vergraph ics, and even moti on. What makes upgrad e of DOS in almost a year and a Hypertext special is that it's like an infilYlsion of Wind ows, the key feature of half. The new version provides support wh ich is a softwa re driver, HIMEM.S YS, nitely extensible database, allowing, for for expanded ( EMS 4.0) memory, hard that gives you an extra 50K of memory in example, a chunk of text to link to a di sk partitio ns greater than 32MB, easier the Window s enviro nment. The extra graphic image, w hich may link to a musiinstallation, and a DOS shell (used to mememory translates into more speed, becal score, w hich may link to the original cause large applications like PageMaker , nipulate filesand to run ap p lications from text, etc. Given those capab ilities,Hypertext may be the ideal means of realizing CD-I (interactive compact disks). Because of HyperCard 's run-away sucTry the cess, now every compa ny with a freeform d atabase or text-search program claim s Hypert ext capab ilities. Those claims are universally exaggerated, but even so, several products having little to bulletin board The BREA TH AL ERT-prOVides lut and accurate do with real Hypertext, are still very interreadmgs 01blood alcohol eoncennaren (SAC) by electronica lly mea suring Ihe alCohol conten t on system esting in their own right. elChalfld breath 11was de Signed lo r perso na l u se 10 demo nstra te to you thaI II does nOl take as One is called lze, it's sold by P ersoft, mu ch alco hol 1 0 bec om e legaUy InIOlucated as you may have preViousl y thou ght Inc. (465 Science Drive, Madi son, WI Drive rs should use The BREATH A LERT" to le50 l (RE-BBS) themselves When you gel ilHe$led lor drunk en... 53711, (608) 273-6000). The program alIng you can lOse your lice nse and most likely your J ob The BR EATH ALERr ca n prov id e you w,lh 516-293-2283 lows you to create outline-like structures lhe ch anc e 1 0 know your BAC befor e ,t IS 1 00 tale The BREATH ALERT' ca n De uslMl as a p rehm,. that can provide mu ltiple links into nary les ter w.th a n oplton al d'spo saDle mOlstu'e trap groups of files. F or examp le, you co uld The more you use it the The BR EATH ALE RT' use s the same senso r as specify resistors, capacitors, and ind ucmore useful it becomes. lh e $400 and $500 mode ls lnal are used by law entorcome r u age nCIes The BREATH ALERT ' tors as outline categories, and then have alarm WIll so und to ale rt you nor ' to cnve We support 300 and 1200 the program scan for files using those baud operation. terms . Then othe r outl ine elements would link you to documents with variParameters: 8N1 (8 data ous combi nations of those terms. bits, no parity, 1 stop bit) or 7E1 (7 data bits, even A nother program developed and sold parity, 1 stop bit). erry, by Seaside Software (P.a. Box 1428, P FL 32347, (80 0)-3 -ASKSAM) is cal led Add yourself to our user AskSam. AskSam allows you to create files to increase your 30 DAY I,IONEY BACK GUARANTEE ION ASSEMBLED U NITS) free-form databases with both fielded access. 90 DAY MfG WARRANTY infor mation ( name, add ress, phone FaA IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT ORDER BY CREDIT CARD OR C O O Communicate with other number, etc.) and non-field ed informa(j) CREDIT CARD CUSTOMERS CALL TOl l FREE R-E readers. ANYTIME 1.JOO.J34-OIS4 EXT FOR coo o tion (" rand om" notes). A simp le report ORDERS CAl l ANYTIME PlEASE AOO $4 so FOR SHIPPING AND HANDL ING SEND Z PREPI' tO OROERS TO B RU TH ALRT MFG. CO" ing language lets yo u pr int o ut the BREATH ALERT Leave your comments on 1JO ROCKLA ND ST. Ho\HOVER. MA. Cl2m o a: desired information. You cou ld use the R-Ewith the SYSOP. NOTE! TH IS I NV EST M ENT COULD SAV E YOUR LIFE tO program to maintain a name and address KIT (BA1010 ) lJ.J DELUXE KIT : Complete parts With case ... . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .... $59.95 ...J file along w ith notes about each person lJ.J READY TO GO BUILT AND CALIBRATED (BA-1 B) RE-BBS in the file. You co uld print R olod ex cards comes with ac charger and manual . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . $99.95 6 w ith the field information, and exclude o 516-293-2283 QUANnTY DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE CALL OR WRITE the notes. m. a:
EDITOR'S WORKBENCH
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R-E Engineering Admart

MIDI
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Rates: Adsare 2!14" x 2%". One insertion 5900. Sixinsertions $875. eachIwelve insertions 5845.each . C losing date same as regular rate card. Send order with remittance to Engineering Admart, Radio Electronics Magazine, 500-B Bi-County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY 11735. Direct telephone inquiries to Arline Fishman , area code-516-293-3000. Only 100% Engineering ads areaccepted for thisAdmart.
MIDI PROJECTS
~ '. ~~
FCC LICENSE PREPARATION

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BP182-MIDI interfacing enables any so equipped instruments, regard less of the manufacturer, to be easily connected together andused asasystemwith easy computer control of these music systems. Combine acomputer and some MIDI instruments and you can have what is virtually a programmableorchestra. To get yourcopy send S6:95plus S H 5forshipping inthe U.S. to Electronic Technology Today Inc., P .O. Box 240, Massapequa Park, NY 11762-0240.
The FCC has revised and updated the commercial license exam. The NEW EXAM covers updated marine and aviation rules and regulatipns, transistor and digital circuitry. THE GENERAL RADIOTELEPHONE OPERATOR LICENSE - STUDY GUIDE contains the necessary preparation for ONLY $25.00. 1 - - WP-T-RUBLlCATlONS_ _ 979 Young Street. Suite A Woodburn , Oregon 97071 Phone (503) 981-6122
--.local
_~.4 2 6 West Taft Averuo . Of (71.04) 996-302 1 ' FAX Enli,.. U5.A, 1-80()...854-Q547
. .COMMUNICATIONS SPECIALISTS, INC.

. CA 92665"~ (~974'30420
CIRCLE
1n ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
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co n tinue d from pag e 77
parts fro m a su pp lie r o n Neptun e (p rices are chea p b ut th e po st age is a kille r). The basic o pe ratio n of a dy namic RAM is simp le. You latch the row ad d ress in with RAS and t he n latch the co lu m n ad d ress with CAS, and t he n d o eit he r a rea d o r write . Since t he DRAM 's sto rage cells are nothin g more than rea lly sma ll (re all y, really sm al l) cap acit ors, t hey h av e t o b e r e fr e sh ed period icall y. Th at m ean s perfo rming t he task of readin g t he data and th en writin g it back into eve ry cell eve ry 2 milli second s. If yo u had to do that o pe rat io n o n all 65,536 ce lls ind ividu all y, t here wou ld n' t be any poin t to usin g DRAM bu t , fo rt u nately, a refr esh is mu ch easier t ha n th at. Notice th at I said "easie r," not easy. Stan d ard DRAM 's co ntai n o nc hip c irc uitry t hat refr esh es a w ho le row of ce lls w he never any ce ll i n t he row is acce ssed . Refr eshin g an enti re chip, t he refo re, m eans addressing each row w it hi n the 2-mi lliseco nd t ime li mit. A nd that's w here Matt's p ro bl em makes its appearance. The memory matri x in m ost 64K DRAM's is m ad e up of 128 rows and
cussio n o n refr esh ove r th e last 512 co l um ns . From t he po in t of several months, yo u sho uld have view of ref resh, th o se lC's need a refresh co u nte r that can address ' com e away f ro m it wi th one bi g fact uppermost in your mind-re128 rows- and for th at yo u need seve n ad d ress lin es (2 7 is 128). fresh ci rcuit ry is a supe r-co lossa l pain i n t he neck. Th e har d w are H ow ever, so me m anu f actu re rs and timin g hassles gene rat e an absuc h as Nati on al , Sig ne t ics, and Texas In st rum ents (amo ng ot he rs), so lute ly unb eli ev abl e am ount of made 64K DRAM's th at had a m embr ain damage. As a matt er of f act, it 's well kn own th at spe nd ing m ore o ry matri x mad e up of 256 rows and 256 column s. As yo u can imagth an a co up le of weeks o n t he in e, all of th o se lC's need ed an p robl em w ill t u rn yo ur br ain into oat mea l. That's a scie nt ific facteig ht -li ne refr esh co unter. yo u can look it up, the stud ies are The offici al reaso n that most of th o se manufacturer s gave for th e fri ghtenin g. design was t hat o nly half as m any A nyway, if yo u've got so me of sense amp lifie rs we re need ed as in th o se parts and yo u're determin ed the 128 x 512 design and fewe r to use th em , th e ci rc uit in Fig. 3 is an ap p licatio ns not e t hat appeared am p lifie rs m eant less h eat an d in th e M ay 22 , 1980 issu e o f lower powe r requirem ents. Electronics magazin e, and it can Big d eal. be used to handl e t he p robl em . It A min o r red uctio n in power is uses a co unter to gene rate th e exno compensation for all t he ad ded tr a ad dress lin e and, w hi le it w ill design headac hes . Reme mbe r that since yo u have to ad d ress twi ce as get the jo b don e, be su re to red o all of th e timin g calc ulations th at many rows wi th a 256 x 256 l C, it's w e w ent throu gh w he n designing goi ng to take twice as lon g t o get o ur ci rcuit. the jo b do ne . A nd t hat can m ean A not he r i nteresting l e tt e r inc reasing t he system cl ock, havbro ug ht up two points o n t his subin g t o use faste r D RAM , and a host ject and came from Ron O liy nk in of ot he r rest rictio ns. The most seThorndal e, On tari o . The first point riou s p robl em is th at it 's go ing to he me nt io ns is th at CAS has to go cut t he allowab le Z-80 id le tim e in hi gh by t he end of T2 rathe r t han half and t hat's im po rta nt in a sysT4 beca use holdin g it low (active) te m suc h as the o ne we have pu t w ill result in refreshin g o nly th e toget he r b ec au se we' re u sin g cell bein g addressed rath er t han DMA to talk to th e m em ory. If yo u've fo llowed o u r entire di sco ntinued on page 105
s: OJ
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99
MARKET CENTER
FOR SALE
TUBES. new, unused. Send self-addressed , stamped envelope for list. FALA ELECTRONICS, Box 137 6-2, Milwaukee, WI 53201 . PHOTOFACT folders, under # 1400 $4.00. Others $6.00. Postpaid. LOEB, 414 Ches tnut Lane, East Meado w, NY 11554 . TRANSISTORS-tubes : MRF 421 $24 .00, MRF454 $14.50, MRF 455-MRF 477 $11.75, MR F492 $16.00, SRF20 72 $12 .7 5, S RF3800 $17 .50 , 2 SC2290 $16.75, 2SC28 79 $22.00, 6LF6, 6LQ6 , 6JS6, 895 0, etc.-call. New Ranger AR 3500 all mod e 10 Meter tr an scei ver $3 19 .00 . Quantity di scounts ! Be st prices on hard -to-find part s, antenn as, mic s, power supplies , & equipme nt! Catal og $1.00 (refund able), or free with order. RFPC, Box 700 , San Marcos, CA 92069 . For information or same day shipment--<:a ll (619) 744-07 28. Visa/MC /C.O.D. LASERS, compo ne nts and accessories. Free catalog, M.J. NEAL Comp any, 6672 Mallard Court, Orient, OH A 3146. PICTURE flyer lists quality surplu s electroni cs at low prices . Since 1970 . Send for the last 3 issues. STARTRONICS, Box 683, McMinn vil le, OR 97128. SATELLITE & ca ble equ ipment. Th is mon ths spe cial (Varactor Tuners) M atsush ita, Mitsuml , Magnavox, Sylvania, Philips, etc. Most are new $19.95 H/ TECH ELECTRONICS, P.O. Box42423 , Detroit, Mi. 48242 (31 3)722-9381. LOW prices, capacitor s, ICs, transi stors, switches. Flyer SAS E SANTECH, 11 Revere Place, Tappan , NY 10983. (914) 359-1130. NEW 100Mhz Logic Analyzer Requires PC or compa t ibl e . As king $12 0 0 .0 0 . Call MATT (3 0 3) 963 -1969 CLASSIFIED AD ORDER FORM To run your own classified ad, put one word on each of the li nes below and send th is for m along with your ch eck to: Radio-Electronics Classified Ads, 500-B B i-County Boulevard , Farmingdale , N Y 11735 PLEASE INDICATE in which c ate g ory of c lassified advert ising you wish your ad to appear. For special headings , there is a surcharge of $23.00. ( ) Plans/Kits ( ) Business Opportunities ( ) For Sale ( ) Education/Instruction ( ) Wanted ( ) Satellite Television
( ) - - -- --
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Special Category: $23 .00 PLEASE PRINT EACH WORD SEPARATELY, IN BLOCK LETTERS. ._(r~.9Je!.u o_d~o r credit~>J.9 L1ypes~.tt ing _e.rrors_cao bejnade unl ess you clearlyprint er type your co py.) Rates ind icated are for standard style classifi ed ads only. See be low fo r additional c harg e s for s pec ia l ads. Minimum: 15 words.
10
11
12
13
14
15 ($ 4 2 .7 5)
16 ($ 4 5. 6 0)
17 ($48.45)
18 ($ 5 1 .3 0)
19 ($ 54 .15)
20 ($ 57.0 0)
21 ($59. 85) TUBES, nam e brands, new, 80% off list. KIRBY, 298 West Carm el Drive, Carm el, IN 4603 2. IS it tru e...jeeps for $44 through the government? Call for facts! 1-(312) 742-1142 , ext. 4673 . TUBES. "O ldest," "latest." Parts and schematics. SASE for list. STEINMETZ, 7519 Mapl ewood Ave., R.E., Hammond, IN 46324 . GREAT buys! Surp lus prices , ICs, Iinear s, transf ormers, PS , ste pping motors, vacuum pump , ph 0totransistor, meters , Isas e, FERTIK'S, 5400 Ella , Phila., PA 19120. TWO-WAY-RADIO, PC COMPUTERS, UNIDEN SERVICE. Ge neral Radioteleph one licensed tec hnician. Cata log-RAYS, 2025 Molin e, Ft. Worth , TX 76117 (817) 83 1-77 17. AIDS? Yes we have! Cab le aids to help you . Zenith , Jerrol d , Scient ific At lan ta , Oak , Hamlins, much more. No Mich ig an sa le s! HOTRONICS, (313) 675-5834. Please Print Name
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22 ($ 6 2 .7 0 )
23 ($ 6 5 .5 5 )
24 ($ 6 8.40 )
25 ($ 7 1 .2 5 )
26 ($74.10)
27 ($ 7 6 .9 5 )
28 ($79.80)
29 ($82 .65)
30 ($85.50)
31 ($88 .35)
32 ($91 .10)
33 ($94 .05)
34 ($96 .90)
35 ($99 .75)
We accept MasterC ard and Visa for paym ent of orders. If you wish to use your credit card to pay for your ad fill in the following additional informati on (Sorr y, no telephone ord ers can be acce pted.):
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IF YOU USE A BOX NUMBER YOU MUST INCLUDE YOUR PERMANENT ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER FOR OUR FILES. ADS SUBMITTED WITHOUT THIS INFORMATION WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. CLASSIFIED COMMERCIAL RATE : (for firms or individuals offering com merci al products or se rvices ) $2.85 per wo rd prepa id (no charge for zip code )...MINIMUM 15 WORDS . 5% discount for same ad in 6 issues; 10% discount for sa me ad in 12 issues within one yea r; if prepa id. NON-COMMERCIAL RATE: (for individuals who want to buy or sell a pe rso nal item) $2.30 per word , prepaid ....no minimum . ONLY FIRST WORD AND NAME set in bo ld caps at no extra charge . Addi tiona l bold face (not available as all ca ps) 50 per word additional. Entire ad in bo ld/ace , $3.4 0 per wo rd. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE AD: $3.55 per word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE AD PLUS ALL BOLD FACE AD: $4 .15 pe r wo rd. EXPANDED TYPE AD : $4.30 per word prepaid. Entire ad in boldf ace, $5.15 per word . TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE EXPANDED TYPE AD: $5.40 per wo rd . TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE EXPANDED TYPE AD PLUS AL L BOLD FACE AD : $6 .25 per word. DISPLAY ADS: 1" x 2V4"-$385 .00 ; 2" x 2V4"-$77 0.00; 3" x 2V4"- $1155.00. General Information : Frequency rates and prepayment discounts are availabl e. ALL COPY SUBJECT TO PUBLISHERS APPROVAL. ADVERTISEMENTS USING P.O. BOX ADDRESS W ILL NOT BE ACCEPTED UNTIL ADVERTISER SUPPLIES PUBLISHER WITH PERMANENT ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER. Copy to be in our hand s on the 12th of the third month preceding the dat e of the issue. (i.e., Aug. issue copy must be received by May 12th) . When normal closing date falls on Saturday, Sunday or Holiday, issu e closes on preceding wor king day. Send for the classified brochur e. Circle Number 49 on the Free Information Card.
1.9-2.7 GHz
Parabolic Dish 40>dB Gain LIFETIME WARRANTY CompleteSystem899.95(Shipping Incl.) Replacement Component s & Expert Repairs Available
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~.~ ~O~~ill~NICS C all H~~1~rp~lWg~ PHOENIX . AZ 85067 (602) 23lJ.{)64l) S2 CREDITO NPHONE ORDERS
PC products- AID , D/A , relay, digital I/O cards starting at $79. Free catalog-parts, kits , compute rs. JB COMPUTRONIX, 38 16 N. Wad sworth B lvd . , Wh eat Ridg e , CO 80033. C all (303 ) 425-9586. SOLAR elec tric syste ms . Dis count pri ces . SUN POWERTEXAS, Dept. 01C, P.O.B. 2788 A Freeport , TX 775 41.1 -(409) 233-8350.
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ATTENTION, are you looking for surplus test equipment volt meters oscillos cope, etc. J.B. ELECTRONICS, 9518 W. Grand, Franklin Park, IL 60131. (312) 451-1750. RESTRICTED technical Information: Electronic surveillance. schematics, locksmithing, covert sciences, hacking, etc. Huge selection. Free bro chures. MENTOR-Z, Drawer 1549, Asbury Park, NJ 07712. CABLE TV converters . Remotes, accessories Tocom, Zenith, Oak, Jerrold, Scientific Atlantafree catalog-ARIZONA VIDEO, 3661 N. Campbell, #310-A, Tucson, AZ 85719. (602) 323-3330. TUBES 59. Year guarantee. Free catalog. Tube checker $8.95. CORNELL , 4215 University, San Diego, CA 92105. FAIR prices SB-3, SX3, SA3, TRI-Bl , MLD-1200-3. Some Oak, any notch filters. Small dealer only. No Michigan sales (313) 979-8356. OLD radio TV schematics . Send $3.00, make, model. RADIO MAPS, P.O. Box 791, Union City, CA 94587.
ITEM
Mul ti -Ch annel 1.9 to 2.7 GHz. 40d B Gain JO-Ch annel System complete $149.95 complete.$I04.95_ _. _ _ _ 12-Channel Sy stem_ 2-Ch ann el Sy stem complete $79.95 HAML IN MCC 3000 36 CO RDED REMOTE CONVER TER ICh 3 onl VI PANASONIC WIRELESS CONVERTER (our best bUYJ M OVJETIME VR7200A (man ual fine tun e) ' J ERROLD 400 CO MBO --lERROLD.40ll.H ANDJlEMillE CON IROI JERROLD 450 COM8 0 'J ERROLD 450 HAND REMOTE CO N TROL JERROLD S8-ADD- ON ' J ERROLD S8- A DD-ON WITH TRIMODE 'M -35 8 CO MBO UN IT (Ch 3 output only ) ' M-35 8 CO MBO UNIT WITH VARISYNC ' MINICODE IN- 121 '>1-12) WITH VARISYNC ' MINICODE (1 ' MINICODE VARISVNC WITH AU TO ON-O FF EC O NOCODE (mi mc o de sub st it ute) ECONOCODE WITH VARISYNC 'MLD-12oo-3 (Ch 3 outpull ' MLD-12oo-2 ICh 2 o utpu ll ' ZENITH SSAVI CA8 LE READ Y INTERFERENCE FILTERS ICh. 30nlYl ' EAGL E PD- 3 DESCRAMB LER ICh 3 ou tput oniv i ' SCI ENTIFIC ATLANTA ADD-O N REPLAC EMENT DESCRAMB LER ' CALL FOR AVAILABILITY 29 00 9800 8800 16900 2900 19900 2900 9900 109 00 9900 109 00 99 00 109 00 14500 6900 7900 99 00 99 00 17500 2400 119 00 119 00 18 00 79 00 69 00 119 00 800 139 00 18 00 6300 75 00 7000 75 00 62 00 65 00 105 00 42 00 46 00 6200 6200 12500 14 00 6500 8500
PhIl11psT8ch ElectroniCS
p.D. Box 8533 1cotUdIII. AI 115252
(6021 947 -7700 lS3llO Credil .1I phont ordersll
M ut erCard. Visa. COD's Qu a nr it v Priciue
DESCRAMBLERS. All brands. Special combo Jerro ld 400 and SB3 $165. Comp let e ca ble de scrambler kit $39. Complete satellite descrambier kit $45.00. Free catalog. MJM INDUSTRY, Box 531, Bronx, NY 10461-0531. ATTENTION LASER HOLOGRAPHIC EXPERIMENTERS : Optical Co mpute r components , instruc tions. $22 .95 postpai d . STELLAR TECH NOLOGIES, 4710 University Way N.E., # 1003, Seattle, WA 98105. TRS-BOcolor computer software. Low prices! Huge selection! Free catalog. T&D, P.O. Box 1256, Hoiland, MI 49422. IC's digital and linear, transistors, sockets, led's and memory devices for sale. Very low pnces. No minimum order. For free catalog write to: ARL I ELECTRONICS, 1052 Eilinita Av., Glendale, CA 91208. Your postage returned with catalog.
Quantity
Item
Output Channel
Price Each
TOTAL PRICE
California Penal Code #593- 0 forbids us fro m shipping any cable descrambling unit to anyon e residing in the stale of California. Prices SUbj ect to change without notice. PLEASE PRINT Electronic Co mpo nents-Capacitors, Resistors, etc . Write for complete listing and pricing. PACE ELECTRONICS , Box 67, Sodus, NY 14551.
SUBTOTAL Shipping Add $3.00 per unit COO & Credit Cards - Add 5% TOTAL
_ _ __ _ _ Zipl
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o Visa o Masterc ard ~ ~
FREE power supply, connectors ($8.95value) with TV Project Assortment #103 (F ebruary 1984 G_ Sync article) contains PCB TOKO coils, transistors (BFQ85), IC's, diodes, article reprint. $25.00. Five/$112.50. Assortment # 104, contains all other parts $10.00. Shipping $3.00. MCIVISA, COO accepted. JIM RHODES, INC. , P .O. Box 3421, Bristol, TN 37625.
Descramblers: In-band Ilated -sync. Replace SB-3 and Feb . 1984 R-E project , Much better performance. Much lower cost! $79.90 each. Write for details and quantity pricing. SIERRA-BRAVO, P.O. Box 2983, Bremerton, WA 98310-0382 LASERS , 1 to 9 milliwatt, from $30, write MWK INDUSTRIES, 9852 W. Katella, Suite 340, Anaheim , CA 92804 SAVE/make $1000 's high technol ogy inside r secrets catalog $2.00. Exotic parts, LEEWARE, Box 5636, Greensboro, NC 27435.
o Money Order
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FOR OUR RECORDS:

DECLARATION OF AUTHORIZED USE - I, the under sig ned . tha t all prod uc ts purchased , now and in the fut ure. will onl y a uthorization from local officials or cable company off ic ials in state laws. FEDERAL AND VARIOUS STATE LAWS PROVIDE PENALTIES FOR UNAUTHORIZED USE.
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do her eby dec lare un der penalty of pe ~ ury be used on cable TV syst em s w ith proper
accordance with all applicable federal an d FOR SUBSTANTIAL CRIMINAL AND CIVIL
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! .... Pacific Cable Company, Inc.

7325112 RESEDA BLVD., DEPT. #R-11 RESEDA, CA 91335 (818) 716-5914 No Collect Calls (818) 716-5140 IMPORTANT: WHEN CALLING FOR INFORMATION
Please havethe make andmodel# oftheequipment usedin ourarea. Thank You
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CABLE descrambler liquidation. Ma jo r ma kes and models available. Indu stry pricin g! (Exampl e : Ham lin comb o's , $44 eac h ...minimum 10 orders ). DEALERS ONLY! C a ll WEST COAST ELECTRO NIC S, (818) 989- 0890. BOSE 121 Mobil e Mo nitor s. $199.00 pair. $10 shippin g hand ling . VIS A, Mas te rca rd acce pted . (216) 492 -84 06 . FORC E ON E TECHNICAL SYST EMS, 3600 Cleveland Avenue N.w., Ca nton, Ohi o, 4470 9. SONY Trinitron rebu ilt pictur e tub es are now available. Ail tubes shipped U'p' S . No charge. We bu y all So ny dud s. ROCHESTER KINESCOPE , (716) 235 -0750 .
.The DECODER. Sate llite and cab le descrambling news lett er. New s -sch emati c s-m odif ic ation s-revi ew s. $24 .00/year. Sampl e-$3 .00 . TELECODE , Box 64 26, Yuma , AZ 85364-0 840 . MICRO-link FM stereo audio transm itter. O ne chip does it all ! Transmit you r CDN CR / Walkm an in stereo to any FM radio. Free sc hematic and info . Se nd a self addressed /stampe d envelope to : OJ INC., 217 E. 85th St. , Suite 108, New York, NY 10028 .
FINALLY!
DET AILED PLANS: $4.95 An interestin g and worthwhile project. This EASY-TOBUILD circuit lets you use any regular TV set as a simple OSCILLOSCOPE, Build for less than $10. NOMODIFICATIONS TO TV! Single or dual trace. Send for FREE CATALOG of other plans and kits.
PLANS AND KITS

VOICE disgu isersl FM bugs! Teleph on e transmit t er s! Phon e s n oo p s ! More! Cata log $ 1. 0 0 (Refun dabl e): XANDI ELECTRONICS, Box 2564 7, 60G, Temp e, AZ 85285-5647 . CATALOG : Hobby/broadcasting /HAM/CB : Cable TV, tran smitt ers , amplifiers, bugging devices , compute rs, MORE! PANAXIS, Box 130-F11 , Paradis e , CA 9596 7
TV-SCOPE
PENN RESEARCH, Box 3543 Williamsport, PA17701
TO P quality imported, dom esti c kits, surplus, discount e lectro nics , computer s , c o mpo ne nts. Free c atalog . TEKTRASONIX, 112 0 Avenu e of th e Americas , 1/fl Su ite 4038 , New York, NY 10036 . "CB Trick of the Trade book " learn CB repair tricks and tuning trick s. Send $19.95 to MEDICINE MAN, CB 1".0 . Box 37, Clarksv ille, A R-7283 0. SURVEILLANCE e lec tro nics , d ebugging , kit s . Latest high-t ech. Catalo g $2.00. TECHNOLOGY SERVICES, 829 Ginette Street , Gretna, LA 70056. FREE kit cata log . Hom e , auto, industrial kits . BALLeo, INC ., 148S . Clayton , Lawren ceville , GA 30245. (404) 979- 5900 . KITS'parts'plans. We have hard to find part s! Vari able tuning capacitors, tunin g coils, crystal headphones, germanium diodes, shortwave, cr ystal , CB radio kits (no sold eri ng). Very inexpe nsive . Send large SASE for ca ta log. YEARY COMMUNICATIONS, 12922 Harbor #800 R, Garden Gro ve, CA 92640 .
CO PYGUARD Correct or rest ores rent al movi es. Connec ts between VCR s. Satisfaction Gu arant eed . $59 .95 plus $4 hand ling .1 (800) 338-8751. BANDSTOP Filters- Clear up channels affected by interference . Channels 2, 3, 4, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 available. $20 each-20 fo r $1 3 0. dB ELECT RONIC S, P.O.Box 864 4 , Pembroke Pines, FL. 33084. EPRO M Du plication serv ice . 1-10 $4 each . Volume disco unts. Hard copy or disk to Eprom programming availab le. Write for inform ation . EPROM, 318 49 Pacific High way South, Suit e 124, Fed eral Way, WA 98003.
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ASSEMBLED & TESTED
VIDEOCIPHER II Manu als. Volum e 1- hardware, Volum e 2-softwa re. Either $29.9 5 both $49.9 5 ! New! Volume 3- Projects /software--$3 9.95 . All for $79 .95. COD s-1 (60 2) 782- 2316 . Catalog$ 3 .0 0 . TELECODE , B o x 6426 , Y u ma , A Z 85366-6426 .
CALL FOR FREE CATALOG
JUST SIMPLY SAID . . . .

"When you're looking for a company that provides service and up-t o-date techni cal advances, call us. That' s what we're here for."
8 0 0-8 S -AMC O M
CABLE EQUIPMENT ~~~ T C _ V I P

.}"*'V ... Super SSAVI ADD-ON 1~~~~ELlMINATES LINE 20 FALSE FLASHING
,,11f~~
NEW!
$69
AUTOMATICALLY HANDLES NORMAL & INVER~~~I~~~T~WITCHES.
CHANNEL #3 IN/CHANNEL #3 OUT. BUILD IT YOURSELF AND SAVE .

Assembled and tested Kit includes all parts
95
CH.:l IN
$ 21 9 .0 0
Standard SSAVI ADD-ON
CHM:} OUT f \'AR WARMNTY
$ 169 . 00 109 .00

" BLASTER"
VHF TUNER
NO aocc CONVEJlTER BETTER VIOEOauAllTY
$25.00
$159.00
12 UNITS $115 .00 96 UNITS $ CAll.
UHF PREAMP KIT

25 db l ain with ollly .S Hf
Ion
w hen ml.Si meeated. USES PHNfTOf,l POWER STRIPUNE CIRCUITRY
6 UNITS $135 .00 24 UNITS $ 95.00
PC/XT EPROM PROGRAMMER
$169
ASK AB O UT OUR NEW PAL PR OGRAMMER!
INTERFE RENCE FlL TERS $ 1 5 . 0 0 CHANNEL 112, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 14, 17, 22 ONLY BI-STATE TRIMODE ADD-ON $119.00
WALL PWR SUPPLIES
UHF SSAVI UNIT
~~ ~~~
~~ ';:/~ 2 :~6
W/C 1.7 5
w/pow.r supply
$50.00
12 VAC 265 MA
ORIGINAL ZTAC
TV TUNER VARAcrORS VHF /MID/UHF MITSUMI $ 2 5. 00

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CALL US!!!
WE BUY, EXCESS
AND
SSAVI POWER SUPPLY
INVENTORY
$ 15 .0 0
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INTEL LIGENT PRO GRAMMING ALGORITHM FOR SUPE R FAST (8X) EPROM BURNI NG. * THIS PLUG-IN BOARD ATTACHES TO AN EXTERN AL MINI CHASSIS CONTAINING 4 TEXTOOL Z.I.F. SOC KET S. * NO PERSONALITY MODULES REQ UIRED * AUTOMA TIC VPPSELECTION: 12 .5V. 21V , OR25V. * EPROMDATA CAN ALSO BELOADED FROMORSAVED TOA DISKETTE. * PR OGRAMMING SOFTWARE SUPPORTS: 2716 . 2732, 2732A, 276 4, 2764A, 27128, 2712 8A, 27256, 272 56A , 27512, AND 27512A . * ASSEM BLED AND TESTED, BURN ED. IN WITH MANUAL. $169 WITH SOFTWARE. JUSTRECEIVED. SAMEASABO VE PR OGRAMMER , BUT PROGRAMS 8 UNITS AT ONE TIME - $2 99.
* LATESTDESIGN * PROG RAMSUP TO 4 DEVICESAT ONETIME * FEATURESEASY TO USEMENU DRI VEN SOFTWAR E THAT RUNS UNDE R PCORMS -DOS. * USES AN
CMOS
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MM5321 $ 8. 5 0 ,. ." ". "'" DEALERS WANTED !! GREAT QUANTITY PRICES

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DRAWING BOARD
contin ued from page 99
t he entire row of ce lls . The seco nd o ne is that MUX has to go low at the sta rtofT3 instead ofT4 in orde rfor the refre sh ad d ress t o b e p resen te d t o t he DRAM 's ad d ress pi ns. Let's take the seco nd poin t first. Th e act ua l ref res h operat io n take s pl ace ju st after t he fa l li ng edge of 13 . Ther e was a screw up in t he or igi na l ti m i ng di agram ; it showe d MU X goi ng low afte r t he sta rt of T4. Sorry if th at caused a probl em. Ron , yo u' re absolut ely ri ght-the timin g di agram shown in Jun e w as wron g and d o esn 't ag ree wiU1Uie ci rC UIt. Figure 4 shows th e correct d iagra m and MUX sho u ld go low o ne gate-de lay t i me afte r R FSH. Th at' s because t he flip -flop t hat's generati ng it , IC4-a, has it s SET in put co nn ect ed t o RFS H. The re are l o t s of refr e shin g sche mes th at can be used to handl e DRAM , and the one used in
ou r circuit is sim ilar to t he " R ASTry the o n ly refres h " Ron m en ti on ed in IadIDhi s letter. Wh at we're reall y doin g is a " hidd en refresh." That is really noth in g mo re t han a RAs-o nly rebulletin board fresh wit h an extended CAS cycle as system show n in Fig. 4, The major be nefit of exte nd ing (REwBBS) CAS is t hat th e DRAM w ill kee p it s out p ut in the same state th at it was 516-293-2283 befo re R ASshowed u p. That means The more you use it the more t hat t he d at a w ritte n t o o r rea d useful it becomes. fro m t he RAM durin g T1 and T2 w ill rem ain available throu gh T3 and T4 We support 300 and 1200 baud as well. If we cut CAS short, t he operation. DRAM o ut p ut pin s wo u ld f loat du rin g th e last half of t he machin e Parameters: 8N1 (8 data bits, no cyc le . Th at co u ld b e u seful in paritY,1 stop bit) or 7E1 (7 data some circuits but I li ke to keep bits, even parity, 1 stop bit). data aro und as lon g as po ssibl e. I . stilrfiave my CaptaTnN1 iClnig nfSe:- - - ~dd yourself to our user hies to d . Increase your access. cre t Squ ad ro n D eco er rin g. O nce again we've managed to Communicate with other R-E run out of roo m. Next tim e we ' ll readers . co nt i nue our d isc uss io n o n d isLeave your comments on R-E with pl ay multip lexin g. In any event, we the SYSOP. laid o ut a lot of good in fo rm ation h er e an d i f anyo ne o u t t he re RE-BBS think s I've screwe d up ..... .. I p rob516-293-2283 ab ly have so let me kn ow. R-E
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2390 POINT PROFESSIONAL QUALITY BREADBOARD
Ideal f or full circ uit designs 3 terminals stnps With 1890 t ie point s 5 dist ribution st nos with 500 ti e points 4 binding post s f or power connecti ons ACT/69052
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"NEW LOOK" QUALITY FIELD TOOL CASE
Semiconductors and Integrated circuits... in stock for immediate delivery.

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QUALITY IC INSERTER EXTRACTOR KIT
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~ ,!" I -'-Out Put"()'24 VOG@--1.amp .< No exte rn al power required Ripple less th an 900uV Excellent document at ion/inst ruct ions ACTI69393 2to1wlth 3 0825Connectors $30.40 An excellent int roduct ion to krt-buil d ino ACT/69394 3-t0-1wlth 4 0825Connectors ..$36.20 ACT/69690 ACT/69395 4t0-1 with 5 0825Connectors . $42.10
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PARTIAL LISTING ONLY

ACTIVE HAS THOUSANDS OF D IFFERENT SEMICONDUCTORS AND INT EGRAT ED CIRCU ITS AVAIL ABLE FOR OFF-THE-SHELF DELIVERY, IF THE TYPE YOU REQUIRE IS NOT LISTED , PLEASE CALL FOR PRIC ING,
THE ACTIVE DIFFERENCE QUALITY!

There are many mailorde r com panies to choose f rom - all t rying t o be com petitive With their prici ng... but priCing only tells a very small part of the stor y. All comp onent s and accessorie s sold by ACTIVE are of the highest indust rial quality. No surplus... no seconds... no pulls. ACTIVE is a proud affiliate of FUTURE Electronics (t he 8th largest elect roni c component s distributor In North Amenca i As such. ACTIVE has over one hund red mil lion dol lars of prime, f irst grade inventory. Our stores (20 now and more opening every month} have over 10,000 items IN STOCK FOR IMMEDIAT E DELIVERY. FUTURE Electronics ISa f ranchised distributor f or over 200 of t he best known names in electronics. And since we have been suppl ying indu stri al. inst itutional. O.E.M:s and serv ice person nel fo r over 20 years, we know how t o do It right . Remember, all ACTIVEparts are f irst grade, indust rial qualit y. are supplied to us solely by FUTURE Electronics and as such are to t ally suitab le fo r use in any project or repair . And, you can count on that. Judge us by the companies we keep... ALPHA XCELITE OK SAMS TPI WIS HER CHEMTRONICS DAETRON GC H.H. SMITH WELLER TSM EDUKIT HITACHI STANCOR VA CO BEC KMAN UNGAR MUELLER TAB SCORPIO AND MORE ...
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PRICES SUBJ ECT TO CHANG E WITHOUT NOTICE
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(450ns) 2.99 (4 50ns) .00 (200ns)(lOW POWER) 1.49 (lOOns ) 1.95 1200nsj{CMOSI 3.29 1150nsj{CMOSI 3.95 (20 0 ns j{CMOS j{l P I 4.29 11S0nsj{CMOSj{' PI 4.95 1120nsj{CMOSlllPI 5.49 1150nsIICMOSj{lPI 6.49 (120nsj{CMOS j{lPI 6.99 (150nsj{CMOSj{lPI 12.95 1120nsj{CMOSlllPI 14.95 1100 n sj{CMOSlllPI 19.95
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MATH COPROCESSORS
5MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz 16 MHz 20 MHz S99 .95 $159 .95 $229 .95 S179 .95 $249.95 $309.95 $ 4 9 9 .9 5 $799.95
74 l S 0 0 74lS01 74lS 02 74lS 03 7 4 l S04 7 4 l S 05 7 4lS0 8 7 4 l S09 74lS1 0 74 l S 1 1 7 4 l S 12 7 4 l S 13 74lS14 74lS1 5 7 4lS 2 0 74lS 21 7 4 l S22 74 l S27 7 4 l S 28 74 l S 30 74lS3 2 7 4lS33 7 4 l S 3 7 74lS38 74lS4 2 7 4lS47 .7 4 l S 4 8 74lS 51 74lS73 7 4 l S74 7 4 LS 7 5 74lS7 6 74lS83 74LS85 74lS 8 6 74 lS90 74lS 92 7 4 l S 93 74LS95 74LS107 74lS109
. 16 .1 8 .17 .18 .16 . 18 .18 .18 .16 22 22 .2 6 .39 .2 6 .17 .2 2 .2 2 .2 3 .2 6 .17 .18 .28 - .2 6 .2 6 .3 9 .7 5 .8 5 . 17 .2 9 .24 .2 9 .2 9 .4 9 .4 9 .2 2 .3 9 .4 9 .39 .4 9 .3 4 .3 6
74 l S 1 12 74lS1 22 7 4 l S 123 74 lS 12 4 74 lS 125 7 4 l S 126 74 lS1 3 2 74 l S 133 7 4 l S 136 74 lS138 7 4 l S 139 74l S 145 7 4 lS147 74lS1 4 8 74lS1 51 7 4 l S 153 74 lS 15 4 74 l S 155 7 4lS1 56 7 4lS1 57 7 4 l S 158 7 4 l S160 74 lS 16 17 4 l$ 162 7 4lS1 6 3 74 lS 16 4 7 4lS1 6 5 74lS166 74lS1 6 9 7 4 l S 17 3 74lS1 74 7 4 LS 17 5 7 4 LS 19 1 7 4 l S 192 74lS1 9 3 74lS1 94 7 4 LS 195 7 4 l S 196 74lS1 9 7 74LS 221 74lS24 0
29 .4 5 49 2 .7 5 .3 9 .3 9 .39 49 .3 9 39 39 .9 9 .9 9 .9 9 .3 9 .3 9 1. 49 .5 9 .4 9 .3 5 29 .2 9 - .3 9.4 9 .3 9 .4 9 .6 5 .9 5 .9 5 .4 9 .3 9 .3 9 49 .6 9 .69 .69 .6 9 .5 9 .5 9 .5 9 .69
74 lS24 1 .6 9 7 4 l S2 42 .6 9 7 4 l S243 .6 9 74lS 244 .6 9 14lS245 .7 9 7 4 l S2 51 .4 9 74 l S25 3 .4 9 74 lS2 57 .3 9 74 lS258 .4 9 74 l S259 1.2 9 74 l S260 .4 9 74 l S266 .3 9 74 l S27 3 .7 9 74 l S2 79 .3 9 74 l S280 1 .98 74 lS283 .5 9 74 l S290 .8 9 7 4 l S29 3 .8 9 74 l S299 1 .4 9 74 lS 322 3 .9 5 7 4 lS 32 3 2 .49 74 l$36 5 .3 9 74 l S 36 7 .39 7 4 l S368 .39 7 4 l S 3 73 .7 9 74 lS 3 74 .7 9 74 l S 37 5 .9 5 74 l S 37 7 .7 9 74lS390 1 .1 9 74lS39 3 .7 9 74LS 541 1 .4 9 7 4 l S624 1. 9 5 74lS640 .9 9 7 4 l S64 5 .9 9 74lS670 .8 9 7 4lS682 3 .2 0 74 l S688 2 .40 74 LS 78 3 22 .9 5 2 5 l S 2 52 1 2 .80 2 6lS31 1 .9 5 26 l S32 1.95
7400
7400 7402 7404 7406 7407 7408 741 0 7411 7414 7416 7417 742 0 7430 7432 7 43 8 7 44 2 744 5 7 447 7 473 74 74 7475 7 476 7 48 3 7 48 5 7486 7 489 7 49 0 749 3 7 412 1 7 41 23 741 25 7 415 0 74 151 741 5 3 74 1 54 74 157 74 15 9 7 4 161 7 4 164 7 4 166 7 4 175 74367 .19 .19 .19 .29 .2 9 .2 4 .19 .2 5 .4 9 .2 5 .2 5 .19 .19 .2 9 .2 9 .4 9 .6 9 .89 .3 4 .3 3 .4 5 .3 5 .5 0 .5 9 .3 5 2 .1 5 .3 9 .3 5 .2 ' .4 9 .4 5 1.3 5 .5 5 .5 5 1 .4 9 .5 5
1 .65
LINEAR
IL071 .6 9 lM 5 67 .7 9 Tl072 1 .0 9 NE 5 7 0 2 .9 5 Tl074 1 .9 5 NE 59 2 .9 8 Tl0 8 2 .9 9 lM72 3 .4 9 Tl084 1 .4 9 lM 7 3 3 .9 8 lM301 .3 4 l M7 4 1 .2 9 LM3 09K 1.2 5 lM74 7 .6 9 lM311 .5 9 MC13 3 0 1 .6 9 LM311H .8 9 MC1350 1.19 lM 317K 3. 49 lM145 8 .3 5 lM 31 7T .6 9 lM148 8 .4 9 l M3 18 1. 4 9 lM1489 .4 9 LM319 1.25 lM149 6 .8 5 lM320 see7900 UlN 2 0 0 3 .79 l M32 3K 3 .49 XR 2 2 0 6 3.95 lM32 4 .3 4 X R22 1 1 2 .95 lM3 31 3 .95 lM 2 917 1.9 5 lM334 1 .1 9 CA3046 .8 9 lM335 1 .7 9 CA3 146 1.2 9 lM336 1 .75 MC 3 373 1.2 9 lM338K 4 .49 MC3470 1 .95 lM33 9 .5 9 MC3480 8.95 lM340 see780 0 MC3487 2.9 5 lF 353 .5 9 lM39 00 .4 9 lF35 6 .9 9 l M 3 9 11 2 .2 5 lF35 7 .9 9 lM 3909 .9 8 lM35 8 .59 LM3 914 1.8 9 lM380 .8 9 MC4024 3 .49 lM3 8 3 1 .9 5 MC4044 3 .99 lM 3 8 6 .89 RC 4136 1 .25 lM3 9 3 .4 5 RC4558 .6 9 lM3 9 4H 5 .95 lM136 0 0 1 .4 9 Tl49 4 4 .20 7 51 07 1 .4 9 Tl49 7 3 .2 5 75 1 1 0 1 .9 5 NE 5 5 5 .2 9 7 515 0 1 .9 5 NE5 5 6 .4 9 7 51 54 1. 95 NE558 .7 9 751 8 8 1. 2 5 NE5 64 1 .9 5 751 8 9 1. 25 lM565 .95 7 5 4 51 .3 9 lM566 1.4 9 7 5 4 52 .3 9 NE5 9 0 2 .50 754 77 1.2 9 H =TO5 CAN . K=TO -3 . r -T O 2 20
6500
t.UMHz
6502 2 .25 65C02 j CMOSJ 7 .95 6520 1.65 652 2 2. 9 5 6526 13 .95 6532 5 .95 6545 2 .95 6551 2 .95
Z-BO
~.5MHz
5 MHz
ZBOCPU
1 .2 5 1 .2 9 1.6 9 5 .9 5 5 .95 1.8 9 5 .9 5 5 .95 5 .95
4.UMHz
ZaOA CPU Z80A-CTC Z80A -DA RT Z80A -DM A Z8 0 A -P10 Z80A51 0 0 ZaOA -SI O 1 l 80A -SIO 2
i!.UMHz
2 .69 2. 9 5 5 .95 1 1 .95 3 .9 5 6 .95
6551 A
17 71 17 9 1 17 9 3 17 9 5 17 9 7 279 1 2793 2 79 7 8272 UP 0 7 6 5 MB 8 8 7 6 MB 8 8 7 7 16 91 2 143 92 16
CRYSTALS
32.768 KHI. 1 .0MHz 1.8432 2 .0 2_4 5 7 6 3.579545 4 .0 5 .0 5 .0688 6 .0 6. 144 8. 0 10.0 10 .7 3 863 5 1 2.0 14 .31 81 8 16. 0 18.0 18.432 20 .0 22. 1184 24 .0 32.0 1 _0MHz 1 .8432 2 .0 2.4 5 76 2 .5 4 .0 5 .0688 6 .0 6 .144 8.0 10 .0 1 2 .0 16.0 1 8 .4 32 2 0 .0 2 4. 0 .9 5 2 .95 2 .9 5 1.95 1.95 1. 9 5 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.9 5 1 .95 1 .95 1 .95 1.95 1 .95 1 .95 1_ 95 1.95 1 .95 1 .95 1 .9 5 1 .95 1 .95 5 .95 5 .9 5 5 .95 5 .9 5 5 .9 5 4 .95 4. 9 5 4 .95 4 .95 4 .95 4 .95 4 .95 4 .95 4 .95 4 .95 4 .95
3.UMHz
UARTS 6BOO
r.UMHz
6800 6802 6803 6 8 09 6809E 6 810 6820 6821 6840 68 4 3 68 4 4 6 84 5 6 847 6850 6 8 83
~.UMHz
3 .95 4 .95 3.95 4 .95 3 .9 5 9 .95 6 .95 10 .9 5
MISC.
ADC0804 2 .99 AO C0 80 9 3 .8 5 OAC0800 3 .29 OAC0 8 0 8 1 .95 OAC1 0 2 2 5 .95 MC140 8l8 1. 95 8 T28 1.2 9 8 T97 .5 9 DP 8 304 2 .29 9 3 34 1 .7 5 9 3 68 2 .8 5 960 2 .6 9 UlN 2003 .7 9 MAX 23 2 7 .9 5 MC3470 1. 95 MC348 7 2 .95 A Y5-360 0 P RO 11 _95
(J)
SCILLA TOR
Z 0 a:
0
fW W
-l
a:
2 .9 5 3. 95 5 .49 5 .99 1.85 4 .95 1 .75 9 .95
74FOO 74F02 74F04 74F08 74F10 74F32 74F64 74F74 74F86 74F138 74F139 74F253 74F 157 74F240 7 4S00 74S02 74504 74S0 8 74S10 74532 74S74 7 4S8 6 745112 74S124 74S138 74S153 745157 745158 74516 3 745175 745195 745 24 0 7 452 4 1 7 4 5 2 44 745280 7 4 S28 7 74S288 7 4S299 745373 7 4S 374 745471 745571
.3 5 .3 5 .3 5 .3 5 .3 5 .3 5 .5 5 .3 9 .5 5 .7 9 .7 9 .8 9 .8 9 1 .29 .2 9 .2 9 .2 9 .3 5 .2 9 .3 5 .4 9 .3 5 .5 0 2 .7 5 .7 9 .7 9 .7 9 .9 5 1.29 .7 9 1.49 1.4 9 1.4 9 1.4 9 "95 1 .69 1 .6 9 2.9 5 1 .69 1.69 4 .9 5 2 .95
.6 9 .8 5 1 .00 .8 9 .6 5
CMOS/HIGH SPEED CMOS

4001 4011 4012 4013 401 5 4016 4017 4018 4020 4021 4023 4024 4025 4027 4 028 4040 4042 4044 4046 404 7 4049 4050 4051 4052 4 053 4 060 .1 9 .1 9 .2 5 .3 5 .2 9 .29 .4 9 .6 9 .5 9 .6 9 .2 5 .4 9 .2 5 .3 9 .6 5 .6 9 .5 9 .6 9 .6 9 .69 .2 9 .2 9 .6 9 .6 9 .6 9 .69 4066 .29 4069 .19 4070 .2 9 4081 .2 2 4093 .4 9 14411 9 .95 14433 14 .95 14497 6 .95 4503 .4 9 4 51 1 .6 9 45 18 .8 5 4528 .7 9 4538 .9 5 4702 9 .95 74HCOO .2 1 74HC02 .2 1 74HC04 .2 5 74HC08 .2 5 7 4 H C 10 .2 5 74HC1 4 .3 5 7 4 H C3 2 .3 5 7 4 HC 7 4 .3 5 74HC86 .4 5 74HC138 .4 5 7 4 H C 13 9 .4 5 74HC151 .5 9 74HC154 7 4HC157 74 H C2 44 7 4HC245 74HC273 74HC373 7 4 H C 3 74 74HCTOO 74HCT02 7 4HCT04 74HCT0 8 74HCT32 74HCT74 74HCT138 7 4HCT139 74HCT161 74HCT240 7 4 H CT2 44 74HCT245 74HCT273 74HCT373 74HCT374 74HCT393 74HCT401 7 7 4 H CT4 0 4 0 74HCT4060 1. 0 9 .5 5 .8 5 .8 5 .6 9 .6 9 .6 9 .2 5 .2 5 .2 7 .2 5 .2 7 .4 5 .5 5 .5 5 .7 9 .8 9 .8 9 .9 9 .9 9 .9 9 .9 9 .9 9 1 .19 .9 9 1 .49
CAPACI TOR!i
TANTA LUM
1.0 '" 6 .8 10 22
1011 1
!iOLOER TA TIUN
UL A PPR O VE D
15 V . 12
1 5V 15 V 42 .4 5
1 .0 ,11 35V
15V
50V 50V 50V 50V 50V 50 V
.9 9
.0 5 .05 .0 5 .0 5 .0 5 .0 5
2 .2 4 .7 10
.4 5 35V . 1 9 35V .3 9 35V .6 9 .0 5 .0 5 .0 7 .0 7 . 10 . 12 .1 8 .2 5
D1!iC:
22 33 47 100 220
.0 0 11ft SOV .00 5 50V .0 1 50V .0 5 50 V .1 12V .1 50V
78 05T 780 8T 781 2T 78 15T 79 05 T 7908T 7912T 7915T 78 0 5K
49 .4 9 .4 9 .4 9 .59 .59 .59 .59 1.59
7812K 7 905 K 7912K 78L 05 78 L1 2 79 L05 79 L12 LM 323 K LM 338 K
1.39
1.6 9
1.4 9 .4 9 .4 9 .6 9 1 .4 9 4 .79 6.95
ADJ USTABLE HEAT SETTI NG WITH TIP TE MPERATURE READO UT . REPL ACEMENT TIP S AVAIL ABLE '2.95
FR' EPOXY GLASS LAMINAT E WITH GOLO PLATEO EDGECARD FING ERS SILK SCREENED LEGENOS. MOU NTING BRACKET S INCLUOED
4 9 .9 S
.~
n
MONOLITHIC
.alpl
50V .14 .0 4 7/11 50 V .1 5
.1pi .4 7 1ft
50 V 50V
DI!iCRETE
.15 'N 75 1 lN41 48 25 ~ lC1)
FORPS/i!
.69 .89 1.19 .59 1.29 .99 .10 .2 5 .2 5 .2 5 JDRPR32 JDRPR I 6 JDRPRI 6P K J DR PRI6 V JDRPR10 JDRPR'O PK 32 BIT PROTOTYPE CA RD ' 6 BIT CA RD WITH 1 10 DECODING LAYOUT PARTS KIT FOR JDRPRI6 ABOVE 16 BIT CAR D . FOR VIDEO APPLI CATIONS
ELEC:TROLYTlC:
RAD IAL
25V . ' 4 1,,< 4 .7 50 V .11 50V .11 10 35V . 13 47 10 0 ' 6V .15 35 V .2 0 2 20 470 2 5V .30 2200 16V .7 0 4700 25V 1 .45 10 22 47 100 4 70 100 0 2200 4 700
'''
A XIA L 50 V 50V ' 6V 50V 35 V 50V 16V ' 6V
lN4004 10
. 14 . 16 . 14 . 19 . 19 .2 9 .2 9 .7 0
1N 5 402 K OP02 2 N2222 PN 22 22 2 N29 07 2 N3055 2 N3904 4 N26 4 HZ7
~ 1
16Vl .25
.2 5 .55 .2 5 .10 .2 5 .7 9 .' 0 .6 9 .6 9
4N 28 4N 3 3 4 N 37 M CT 2 MCT-6 ru-t t i 2 N3906 2 N 4 401 2 N4402 2 N4403 2 N6045 TIP 31
FOR AT
' 6 BIT CARD WITH 1 10 DECOD ING L AYOUT PARTS KIT FO R JDRP R, O A BOVE
FORXT
WITH + 5V AND G ROUND PLA NE AS A BOV E WITH 110 DECODIN G L AYOUT
1.75
.49
BYPA!i!i CAPACITOR!i
.0 1 ~ CERAMIC DI SC 10 0 / $ 5 .0 0 .0 1,,< MONOLITHIC '00 / "0 .0 0 .1 JACERAMIC DISC 10 0 / $6 .50 . 1 0 MONOLITHIC 100 / $1 2 .50
EXTENDER CARDS
FOR PROTOTYPE DEBUGGING AND TROUBLESHOOTING
EXT8088 EXT8028 6
FOR XT SYSTEM FOR AT SYST EM
EXT, 6 MICROCHANNEL '6B1T
"!iNAPABLE" HEADER!i
C A N B E SNAPPED A PA RT T O MAKE AN Y SIZE HEAD ER . ALL WITH . ". CENTERS 1 ..4 0 1 11C4Q 2x40 2.40 ST RA I G H T LE A D RIGH T ANGLE LEAD 2 ST RAI G H T LEAD S 2 RIGHT ANG LE LEADS .9 9 . 49 2 .49
EXT32 MICROC HANNEL 32 BIT
2 .9 9
, ,
1660 TI E PTS. 2390 TI E PTS . 3220 TIE PTS .
IDC CDNNECTDR!i/RIBBDN CABLE

DESCRIPTION ORDER BY 10 20 CONTACTS 26 34 40 50
3 VOLT LITHIUM BATTERY

3 .24 3 .39 6 .6 3 7 .30 1 .69 8 .50 2 .4 5 7 .50
1.2 9 1.6 8 2 .20 2 .58 1.35 1.76 2.31 2 .72 2 .98 3 .8 4 4 .5 0 5 .2 8 RIGHT ANGLE WIREWRAP HEADER IOM. xW" 3 .28 4 .22 4 .4 5 4 .80 RIBBON HEADER SOCKET IDS xx .8 9 .9 5 1.29 ' .49 RIBBON HEADER 10M. . 5 .50 6 .25 7 .00 7 .50 RIBBON EDGE CA RD ID Eu .8 5 1.25 1 .35 1.7 5 2 .0 5 10 ' GREY RIBBON CABLE RC .. 1.60 3 .20 4 .1 0 540 6 .40 FOR ORDERING INSTRUCTI ONS SEE DS UBMINIA TURE CONNECTO RS. BELO W
SO LD ER H EAD ER RIGHT ANGLE SOLDER HEADER WlREWRAP HEADER
IDH x x5 IOH x xSR IDH x xW
.82 .8 5 1 .8 6 2 .05 .63
HDLDER
.'.95
!iPECTRONIC!i CDRPDRATIDN EPRDM ERA!iER!i

M o d el
.'.49
Timer
NO YE S YE S
Ch ip
P E1 4 0 PE 1 4 0T P E-2 4 0T
Capacity 9 9 12
Intens ity (u W /Cm11

8.000 8.000 9.600
Unit
Co s t
.89
$139 $ 189
D!iUBMINIA TURE CONNECTDR!i

OESCRIPTION
SOLDER CUP
RS-i!3i! BREAKOUT BOX

FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
37 1.35 1.3 9 50 1 .85 2.29
OROER BY MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE METAL G RE Y
DBx xP OB x x5 DB xx PR
RIGHT ANGLE PC SOLDER
WIREWRAP IDC RIBBON CABLE
DR uSR DB x.xPYJ'\N
D B x xS\'\MI IOSx xP
HOODS .6 9 .7 5 OR DERING INS TRUC TIONS: INS ER T THE NUMBER OF CON TAC TS IN THE POSITION MA RKED ' n - OF THE ' ORDER B Y" PART EXAM PLE A 15 PIN RIG H T AN G LE MALE PC SO LDER WO UL D BE D B 15PR NUMBER LISTED
lOB uS MHOOD xx HODDn
CON TA CTS 15 19 25 9 .4 5 .59 .69 .6 9 .49 .6 9 .7 5 .75 .49 .6 9 .79 .5 5 .7 5 .8 5 1.69 2 .56 3 .8 9 6 .84 2 .76 4 .27 2 .25 1.39 1.99 2 .35 1 .45 2 .05 1.0 5 1.15 1 .25 1.25 .3 9 .39 .3 9
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS OPEN ICLOSE INDIV IDUAL CIRCUITS

. 20 JUMPERS CROS SCONNECT ANY TWO CIRCUIT S .,0 LEOS SHOW CIRCUIT ACTIVIT Y
I
OATARA!iE
ER A SES 2 EP ROMS IN 10 MINUTES VER Y COMPACT, NO DRAWER THIN METAL S H UTT E R PR EVENTS UV LIGHT FROM ESCAPIN G
..
~34.95
2 .2 7
2 .4 9 5 .60 9 .95 4 .25 4 .49
~i~.~~R-BO
\ld
MDUNTINEi HARDWARE 59t IC !iDCKET!i/DIP CDNNECTOR!i

CONTACTS 18 20 22 SOLDERTAIL SOCKETS .18 .15 xxST .11 .15 WlREWRAP SOCKETS .59 .99 1.09 1.39 "" INN ZIFxx 4 .95 5 .95 21F SOCKETS T DO LED SOCKETS A UG A Txx S T .6 2 .7 9 ' :ii9 1.09 1.29 1.39 OOLED WW SOCKETS AUGATxx'!NN 1.30 1.80 2.10 2.40 2 .50 2.90 .4 9 .99 OMPONENT CARRIERS ICC u .5 9 .69 .99 .99 IOPx x .9 5 .4 9 .59 1.29 1.49 OIP PLUGS IDC I FOR ORD ERING INSTRUC TIONS. SEE DSU BMINIA TURE CO NNECTO RS DESCRIPTION ORDER B Y 8 14 .11 .69 16 .12 .69 4 .95 24 .20 28 .22 1.69 6 .95 1.6 9 3.70 40 .30 1.99 9 .95 2 .49 5.40
.~
JOYSTICK
SET XY AXIS FOR AUTO CENTE R OR FREE MOVEMENT FIRE BU TTO N FOR USE WITH GA ME SOFTWAR E ADA PTOR CA BLE FO R IBM . A PPLE II .
1.49
5.9 5 1.49 3.1 5 .99 ' .09 .85 1.49 AB OVE
r
-=-'---
' .49
1.59
'9.9S
:;: OJ rn
:IJ
~
< m
<0 CXl CXl
109
VliA COMPATIBLE PACKAliE
LETTE R QUALI TY AT 20 CPS . .132 COLS -.-1O~'2 ~ 5 PITCW&-PROPORTIONAl- SPACING' SERIA L & PARALL EL INTE RFACE AUTO PAPE R LOAD. FR ICT ION FEED FULL XEROX WAR RA NTY
!/ii!79
DIABLO PRINTER
-6490 0
MONITOR
~.--
& CARD
gS
-
TOGETHER '
. 800 X 560 MAXIMUM RESOLUT ION
. 640 X 480
11 -. 320 X 200
IN 16CO LORS
IN 256 CO LORS . IBM STYLE. ANALOG MO NITOR FULLY VGA. EGA, CGA, HERCULES & MONOCHROME COMPATIBLE
IT S TIME TO TRA DE UP NOW THAT JDR BREAKS THE PRI CE BAR RIER ON 2400 BAUD MOD EMS AUTO DIAL AN SWE R SELF TEST ON POWE RUP TOUCH TONE OR PULSE DIALING HAYES & BE LL SYS TE MS COMPATIBLE FULL OR HAL F DUPL EX MIRROR II COMMUNICATIO NS SO FTWARE INCLU DED
NEC MULTI!iYNC
$599.95
OR IG INA L CGA EGA PGA COMPA TIBL E MO NITOR AUTO FREQ UENCY AD JUSTM ENT RE SOLUT ION AS HIGH AS 800 X 560
CA!iPER E6A
$399.95
MCT241 MCT1211200 BAUD 1/2 CARtJ EXT~RNAL
$ 69.95
MODEM!i
$ 99.95 $169 .95
MCT12E 1200 BAUD MCT24E 2400 BAUD
CENTRONICS LASER PRINTER .,

NEAR TYPE!iET DUALITY AFFORDABLE A T LA!iT
MULTIPRINTER EMULATION BOARD:
157521.85 KHz SCA NNING FREQUENCI ES 640 X 200 350 RESOLUTI ON. 31 MM DOT PI TCH 14- BL ACK MATRIX SCR EEN . 16 COLORS
S,"gS
CA!iPER R6B
$i!79.95
CO LOR GRE EN AMB ER SWITC H .39 MM DOT PITCH 640 X 240 RE SOLU TI ON. ,.. NO NG LAR E SCRE EN RG B IBM COMPA TIB LE . CABLE INCLUD ED
!iAKATA MONOCHROME
IBM COMPA TI BLE TT L INPUT 12" NON-GLARE SCRE EN CA BLE FOR IBM PC INC LUD ED
$69.95
COMPUTER CASES
8 PAGE S PER MI NUT E . 300 DP I RE SOLUT ION ! 1 YEAR WARRA NTY . CHO ICE OF EMUL ATI ON BOAR DS EPSON FX80 EMU LATION - NOTHING EL SE REOUIRED IBM PC G RAPHICS , PRO PRIN TER & DI ABL O 630 EMUL ATION REQ UIR ES ADD ITIO NAL FONT CA RD
SAMSUNG MONOCHROME MONITOR
$129.95
ATTRA CTIVE . STU RDY ST EEL CAS ES FIT THE POPU LAR SIZED MOTHER BOARD S AND INC LUDE SP EAKE RS. FACEPL ATES . EXPANS ION SLOTS , FRONT PANEL KEY LOCKS , LED INDI CATOR S AND ALL NECE SSARY HARD WARE .
HP LJ+ EMULATION BOARD:

HP LASERJET EMUL ATION - 3 RESIDENT FONT S & 2 PIT CHE S AD D ITIO NA L FONT CA RD AVAILAB LE
MONITOR !iTAND!i
MODEL MS-100
TILTS AN D SW IVELS STU RDY PLAST IC CONS TRUCTION
$12.95 $39.95
1.5MB RAM CARD EXTRA FONT CARDS TONER CARTRIDGES PFS FIRST PUBLISHER
$139.95 $199.95 $59.95 $99.95
MODEL MS-200
TILTS AND SWIVE LS . BUILT IN SURGE SUPRESSOR INDEPEN DENTLY CON TROLS UP TO 5 AC OUTLETS
LOIiITECH MOUSE
.799 5
XT STYLE FLIpTOP XT STYLE SLIDETOP AT STYLE SLlDE TOP JR . AT STYLE FLIP-TOP

INCL UDE S ' 50 WATT POWER SUP PLY
$34.95 $39.95 $89.95 $149.95
IBM COMPATIBLE KEYBOARDS

FULL ONE YEAR WARRANTY IBM ENHANCED STYLE LAYOUT
$79.95
AUTOS ENSE FOR XT OR AT COMPA T IBLES LE O IN DICATORS. AUTO RE PEAT FEATURE SEPARAT E C URSOR PAD
PC MAGAZINE 'S EDITO RS CHOICE AL L MO DELS HAVE SERIAL SUPPOR T (COMI COM2 ). 200 o P.1. RESOL UTION , LOTU S 1-2-3 SHELL , SELF- INS TALLING SOFTWARE AND -PO INT EDITOR -
SERIAL MOUSE WIPC PAINTBRUSH BUS MOUSE WIPC PAINTBRUSH BUS MOUSE WIPC PAINTBRUSH ICAD
$99.95 $99.95 $149.95
(J)
POWER SUPPLIES
FOR IBM XT COMPATIBLE
UL APP.. 135 WATTS + 5V.15A. + 12V 4.2A - 5V .5A, - 12V .5A
o cr:
MCT-5339 IBM AT STYLE LAYOUT MCT-5060
$59.95
SO FTWAR E AUTOS ENS E FOR XT OR AT COMPAT IBL ES LEO INDICATO RS. AUTO REPEA T FEAT URE
...J
o UJ
UJ
I-
.'499 5
1._ MB
3'~"
3.5" FLOPPY DISKDRIVE ~

DRIVE
ULTRA HIGH DENSITY ALSO WORKS WITH 720 K DISKS FDD-'. x BLACK FACEPLATE FDD-' . x BEIGE FACEPLATE
r -..
$149.95 $149 .95
PS135 PS150 150W MODEL $69.95 FOR IBM AT COMPATIBLE

. 200 WATTS
MAXI-!iWITCH KEYBOARO!i ENHANCED STYLE LAYOUT

STANDAR D ENH AN C ED KEYBOARD LAYO UT TACTI LE FEEDBACK LIGHT ED NUM . CAPS. AND SCRO LL LOC K NUMERI C & C URSOR KEYPADS . 12 T KEYS
$84.95
cr:
o o <t:
5V 22A. + 12 V SA - 5V .5A. - ' 2V .5A

t
PS-200
MAX-5339 MAX-5060 MAXI-SWITCH . AT STYLE
7i?DK 3'!ii' FLDPPY DRIVE

FDD-3.5 x IFORXTI FDD-3.5 x IFQRATI
.'i?9.95
110
~OMB.
65 MS.
ST-~~5
.~~5.00
WITH MCT-HDC CONTROLLER WITH MCT-ATFH CONTROLLER
526 9 .0 0 53 39 .0 0
.~49.00
TEACDIK DRIVE
3liDK 5'/.- DRIVE
RELIABLE DIRECT DRIVE
30 MB RLL. 65 MS.
ST-~3B
WITH MCT-RLL CONTROLLER WITH MCT-ATFHRLL CONTROLLER
52 9 9 .0 0 53 89 .0 0
H~9.00
MOTOR DOUBLESIDEDI DOUBLEDENSITY Fa-SSB
40MB. 40 MS. ST-~5'

WITH MCT-HDC CONTROLLER WITH MCT-AT FH CONTROLLER
'I.. HElIiHT FLOPPY OI!iK ORIVE!i

5'1, - T EA C FD '55G DS ,HD 1. 2 M 511 , - FU J ITSU M2551 A DS 'DD 360K
5 '14' FUJITSU M 2553 K DS IHD 1.2M 5'14' DS 'DD 3 60 K 511 , ' DS ,HD1.2M 3'/2- MITSUBISHI DS IDD (AT OR XT) $129 .95 $ 89 .9 5 5119.95 569.95 5 10 9 .9 5 5 129 .95
54 69 .0 0 5 539 .0 0
60 MB RLL. 40 MS.
THE NEW ST-25 1-1 DRIVE IS 30% FA STER WIT H AN AVERAGE
ST-~77
.499,00
5 549 . 00 5639.00
ACCESS TIME OF 28 MS. EASY TO INSTALL HALFHEIGHT DRIVE. ST-2S11 WITH MCT-HDC CONTROLLER WITH MCT-ATFH CONTROLLER $569.00 5639.00
WITH MCT-RLL CONTROLLER WITH MCT-AT/FH CONTROLLER
FULL HEIGHT DRIVE

30 MB , 40 MS , ST-4038 80 MB, 28 MS , ST -4096 $ 55 9 .0 0 589 5 .0 0
ARCHIIIEXL TAPE BACK-
INTERFACE CARD FROM MODULAR CIRCUIT TECHNOLOIiY

DIPLAY ADAPTOR
MONOCHROME 6RAPHICS CARD .59 95
TRUE HERCULES COMPATIBILI TY SUPPORTS LOTUS" 23
AT MUL TI 110 CARD
.59.95
!/i3Ei9!1s \P" ..
BACK UP 40 MB IN 40 MIN UT ES I
EASY TOUSE MENU DRIVEN SOFTWARE USES STANDARD OIC DATA FORMAT
FULL
l<;.., ~~
\ .............
USE WITH MCT-ATFH FOR MINIMUM OF SLOTS USED SERIAL. PARALLEL AND GAME PORTS . USES '6450 ~E;+~kil~P PO RT CHIPS FOR HIGH SPEED OPS -5 24 ;9 5 -
BACKUP
to INCRE MEN TAL
"
PARTIAL & FU LL RES TOR E
tp;:R:~~~-;~~~~~~ ,~~RT~GE~~~~~~i~ ~~~~T:-OR--ATIO=SE RIA L=2N D SERIA l: P O RTMCT-MGP
MEMORYCARD
576K RAM CARD .59.95
A CONTIGUOUS MEMORY SOLUTION IN A SHORT SLOT USER SELECTABLE CONFIGURATION UP TO 576K USES 64K & 256K RAM CHIPS {l ERO K INSTALLED, MCT-RAM
AR 5240 XT - FOR XT S & AT S - A R 55 40 AT - AT S ONLY 2X FASTER TAPE NOT INCLUDED TAPE CA RTRIDGE-40 MB 524 .95
ENHANCED 6RAPHICS ADAPTOR .'49.95

'00' . IBM COMPATIBLE. PASSES IBM EGA DIAGNOSTICS 256K OF VIDEO RAM ALLOWS 640 X 350 IN '6 OF 64 CO LORS . COMPATIBLE WITH COLOR AND MONO CHROME ADAPTORS MCT,EGA
EXPANDED MEMORY CARD
.'~9.95
COLOR 6RAPHICS ADAPTOR
H9.95
2 MB OF LOTUS INTEL MICROSOFT COMPATIBLE MEMORY

FOR AN XT CO NFO RMS TO LO TUS INTEL EMS . US ER
COMPATIBLE WITH IBM GRAPHI CS STANDARDS SUPPORTS RGB. COLOR & COMPOSITE MONOCHROME 640320 X 200 RESOLUTION. LIGHT PEN INTERFACE MCT-CG
EXPANDABLE TO 2 MB CAN BE USED AS EXPANDED OR

CO NV ENTIO NAL MEMOR Y. RAMDISK AND SPOO LER
!/i349
ADJACENT SLOT
i!OMB HARD DISK ONACARD

SAVES SPACE AND REDUCES POWER CONSUMPTION
10EAL FOR PCS WITH FUll HE IGHT FLOPPIE S LEAVE S ROOM FOR A HALF LENGTH CARD IN
MCTEMS MCTATEMS AT COMPATIBLE VERSION
$139 .95
MULTIFUNCTION CARD
MON06RAPHICS MULTI 110 . " 9.75
TOTAL SYSTEM CONTROL FROM A SINGLE SLOT' CTRL 2 FLOPPYS. SERIAL. PARALLEL. GAME PORT. CLOCK CAL . RUN COLOR GRAPHICS SOFTWARE ON A MONOCHROME MONITOR MCT,MGMIO
DRIVE CUNTRULLER
FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER
.~9.95
DUALITY DESIGN FOR SINGLE SLOT CONTROL OF 4 FLOPPYS INTERFACES UP TO 4 FOD S TO AN IBM PC OR COMPATIBLE . SUPPORTS BOTH OS DO AND OS 0 0 WITH DOS 3 2 MCT-FDC
,.~
MULTI 110 FLOPPY CONTROLLER .79.95

A PERFECT COMPANION FOR OUR MOTHERBOARDS SUPPORTS UP TO 2 360K FLOPPIES. 720K WITH DOS 3 2 SERIAL. PARALLEL. GAME PORT. CLOCK CALENDAR MCT-MIO MIO-SER IAL-2ND SERIA L PORT 5 15.9 5
MB FLOPPY CONTROLLER
.69.95
ADO VER SATILIT Y AND CAPA CITY TO YOU R XT
SUPPORTS 2 DRIVES. BOTH MAY BE 360K OR 1 2 MB ALLOWS DATA TO FLOW FREELY FROM XT'S TO AT S MCT-FDC-1.2
~~
FLOPPY/HARD CONTROLLER
.'39.95
MUL TI 110 CARD
.59.95
USE WITH MCTF H FOR A MINIMUM OF SLOTS USED SERIAL PORT. CLOCK CALENDAR WITH BATTERY BACKUP PARALLEL PRINTER PORT ADDRESSAB LE AS LPT1 OR LPT2 MCT-IO
XT SYSTEM STARVED FOR SLOTS? THIS CARD FREES ONE UP INTERFACES UP TO 2 FDD S & 2 HOD S. CABLING FOR 2 FOD , HOD . SUP PORTS BOTH OS DO & OS 00 WITH DOS 3 2 MCT-FH
ATIFH CONTROLLER AT MUL TlFUNCT/ON CARD

ADDS UP TO 3 MB OF RAM TO YOUR AT
US ER EXPANDABL E TO 15 MB . OR 3 MB WIT H OP TlqNAL
.'49.95
.139.95
PIGG YBACK BOARD (0 K INSTALLED) INCLUDES SERIAL AND PARALLEL PORT MCT-ATMFMC PIGGYBACK BOARD ATMF SERIAL-2ND SERIA L PORT 529.95 524.95
FLOPPY HARD DISK CONTROL IN A TRUE AT DESIGN SUPPORTS UP TO 2 360K 720K 12MB FDD S AS WELL AS 2 HOD S USING STANDARD CONTROL TABLES MCTATFH
JUST A NOTE T O LET YOU KNOW T H AT MY SALESPERSON. HELEN MORSE, AT YOUR COMPANY HAS BEEN VERY HELPFUL AND COURTEOUS. THIS IS A PLEASANT CHANGE FROM MOST TE LEPHONE SALESPEOPLE I DEAL WI TH . PLEASE PASS MY THANKS TO H E L E N . I PLAN ON DOING FREQUENT BUSINESS WITH JDR AS MY NEW COMPANY. ODEM IN C . GETS GOING , AND HELEN ' S ATTITUDE AND HELPFULNESS ARE A MAJOR REASON WHY I LI KE DOING BUSINESS WITH YO U. ~~ R .C .K . BENSALEM,PA
RLL DISK CONTROLLER
.'99.95
IMPROVE SPEED AND STORAGE OF YOUR AT COMPATIBLE . SUPPORTS UP TO 2 RLL HARD DISCS AND 2 FLOPPY DRIVES . SUPPOR TS 360 720 ' 2 MB FLOPPIES IN 5 25' & 3 5' MCTATFH-RLL
inter
INBOARD 3B6/PC $B95.00

UPGRADE YOUR XT TO A 386 FOR LESS THAN S'000
16 MHZ PROCE SSOR REPLA CE S 8088 1 MB INSTALLED . EXPA ND TO 3MB WITH PIGGYBACK CARD S YA WARRA NTY
INBOARD 38 6 /AT ABOVE BOARD PS 286 ABOVE BOARD 286
5 1199.95 5399.95 5369 .95
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CD
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111
O VER eo.ooa JoR !iY!iTEM!i HAVE ALREADY BEEN BUILT. EA!iY TO A!i!iEMBLE I N JU!iT i! HoUR!i W ITH A !iCREWo R IVER . !iA VE MONEY A N D LEARN A B OU T YO U R COMPUTER A T THE !iAME TIME.
'OMHZXT COMPATIBLE
IiSIiSO
INCLUDES SERIA L PORT. 2 PARALLEL PORTS. CLOCK CALENDAR AND GAME ADAPTOR. RUNS COLOR GRAPHICS ON A MONOCHROME MONI TOR MOTHERB OARD 256 K RAM MEMORY 135 WATT POWER SUPPLY FLIp TOP CASE AT STYLE KEYBOARD 360 K FLOPPY DRIVE MONOGRAPH ICS I 0 CARD MONO CHROME MONITOR
.,,0,

'i!MHZAT COMPATIBLE 70
'2 MHZ BABY AT MOTHERBOARD 256K RAM MEMORY M INIAT CASE W' POWER SUPPLY AT ST YLE KEYBOARD 1.2 MB FLOPP Y DRIVE FLOPPY, HARD DRIVE CONTROLLER MONOCHROME MONITOR GRAPHICS ADAPTOR
'6 MHZ 'MB3B6
-==--'-'==--=-====.==="-"'===,....-------------;:~~ ~To =5ii ~~lSJt~t~_~I~ b~OLLER
....................._ ............
$99.95
,~
!/ii!i!9BfiS
MYLEX 386 MOTHE RBOARD 1 MB RAM ON BOARD 200 WATT POWER SUPPLY AT STY LE CASE ENHANCED AT STYL E KEYBOARD ' .2 MB FLOPPY DRIVE
MONOGRAPHICS CARD
TURBO 4. 77/B MHZ
MHZ MINI
BO~B6
$399.95
4.77 OR 8 MHZ OPER ATION WITH 8088 2 & OP TIONAL 80872 CO PROCESSOR FRO NT PANEL LED SPEED INDICATOR AND RESET SWITCH SET SUPP ORTE D CHO ICE OF NORMA LJTURBO MODE OR SOFTWARE SELECT PROCE SSOR SPEED
MCT-TURBO MCT-XTMB STANDARD MOTHERBOARD BO~B6

6 MHz . 10 MHz (0" WAIT STATE). ' 2 MHz I ' WAIT STATE) USES ZYMOS ASIC' S FOR LESS CHIPS . GREATER RELIABILITY SUPPORTS 256 K- ,02 4K MEMORY RE CHAR GEABLE HIGH CAPACITY NICAD BATTERY 6 1 6 BIT SLOTS. 2 8 BIT SLOTS MOUNTS IN STANDARD XT CASE
$87.95
MCT BATMB- 12 MCTBATMB 6/10 MHZ MINI 80286 BOARD
$389.95
6/B MHZ
$379.95
'6 MHz MYLEX 3B6

$'649.00
8 SLOT 1 2 EIGHT BIT. 6 SIXTEEN BIT) AT MOTHERBOARD HARDWARE SELECT IO N OF 6 OR 8 MHZ , WAIT STATE KEYLOCK SUPPORTED. RESET SWITCH. FRONT PANEL LED INDICATOR SOCK ETS FOR 1 MB OF RAM AND 80287 BATTER Y BACKED CLOCK
MCTATMB
MCT-386 MB MCT386 MB4 4 MB MEMORY INSTA LLED $2649.00 MCT386 MBMCB MATH CO PROCESSOR ADAPTOR BOARD $149.00
, MB RAM ON BOARD 8 SLOTS. 2 8B IT. 6 '6BIT SUPPORTS 802 87 MATH CO PROCESSOR SUPPORTS 80387 WIADAPTOR 64 KB CACHE FOR NEAR 0 WAIT STATE USES AMI BIOS
'0 MHz SINGLE CHIP X 9S

SINGLE CHIP USE S LESS POWER. IMPROVES RELIABILITY KEY SELECTABLE SPEED. 4 77 MHz OR 10 MHz 2.3 TIMES FAST ER THAN A STANDARD RESET SWITCH. KEYLOCK AND SPEED POWER INDICATORS SUPPORTED
'i!9
MCTTURBO-l0
'i!9
MCTEPROM MCTEPROM-4 MCTEPROM-l0 MCT-PAL MCT-MP
(f)
EPROM PROGRAMMER 9S
PROGRAMS 27XX & 27XXX EPROMS UP TO 275'2 SUPPORTS VARIOUS PROGRAMM ING FORMATS AND VOLTAGES SPLIT OR COMBINE CO NTENTS OF SEVERA L EPROMS OF DIFFEREN T SIZ ES READ . WRITE . COPY. ERASE CHECK AND VERIFY SOFTWARE FOR HEX AND INTEL HEX FORM ATS
4 GANG PROGRAMMER 10 GANG PROGRAMMER PAL PROGRAMMER PROCESSOR PROG .
'YEAR WARRANTY ON MCT PRODUCTS 30 DAY M ON EY BACK GUARANTEE TOLL-FREE TECHNICAL SUPPORT NEXT DAY AIR SHIP AVAILABLE
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~ HOLIDAY VALUES FOR BUILDERS AND FIXERS! ~

Save With "Hotline" Order Service
Your Radio Shack store manager can special-order a wide variety of parts and accessories from th e Radio Shack warehouse-tubes, ICs , phono styli, diodes , crystals , Sams PHOTOFACTS@ and more. No postage charges, no minimum orde r. On e-w eek service on most items.
lIadl8 Ihaek Itart Iltlaee

1995
Get Your Novice Ham License
Take Advantage of the New Voice Privileges
~
~ .~
Radio Shack's Novice Exam Study Package will help you pass the test. It includes two cassettes for self -paced Morse code learning plus pract ice questions and answers. Get on the air! #62-2402
Speech/Word Recognition IC
Harness the Power of the Sun

(1)
9 95
Understands Seven Commands
VCP200. Explore leading-edge technology-voice recognition! Recognizes spo ken commands regardless of the pe rson speaking-five motion commands and two on/off commands. Analog input-no external A-to-D conversion is required. 20-p in DIP with data. #276-1308
--
II! !:I
(1) NEW! Flex ible Solar Cell . High-tech breakthrough! This amorphous silic on alloy-o n-stainless steel cell is efficient and rugged . Produces up to 1.2 5.95 VDC at 65 mAo3'/4 XF/B': #276-138 (2) Solar Energy Project Set . Just the thing for models and school science class. Includes solar cell prewired to DC motor, color wheels, propeller, informative project booklet. #277-1201 9.95
Safe Handling for Sensitive ICs

(1) (2) (3) (4)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
=~
IC Inserter/Extractor Set . #276-1581 IC Pin Straightener. #276-1594 Stat iC-Draining Wrist Strap. #276-2399 Conductive Foam Mat . 5 x 5': #276-2400
AC Power Controller/Protector
~
Switches Up to Four Devices Automatically
Allows one component to switch up to four othe r devices. Also protects against damaging power -line spikes. Use with a remote- control VCR , TV or stereo to switch on/o ff entire aud iolvideo system . Or, use with a VCR or clock radio to switc h other components automatically at preset times . Has one sens ed, four switched and one unswitched outlets, heavy-duty spike protect or, noise filter, circuit breaker. UL listed AC. #61-2781
Solder Anywhere
~
Super Gift!
Our gas- powered iron provi des up to 60 minutes of continuous soldering. Refills in seconds like a butane cigarette lighter. Adjusta ble temperature. #64-2160
",
6.95 2.99 2.79 89<;
r~:1 B~galnJ
Gold-Plated Plugs
(1)
Computer Helpers
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1) NEW! Sm all-Value Cer amic Capacitors. #272-806 Pkg. of 50 /2 .99 (2) NEW! 12V Mic ro lamps. T-l size. with leads. #272-1092 Pkg. of 2/1.39 0 1.99 (3) Thermistor. #271-11 (4) NEW! Micro-Hook 18' /2" Test L eads . Banana plugs . #278-018 .... . Pair / 3.49
1 \
II ~
Connect With th e Best!
(1)
(2) / '-1\
(1) Snap-Togeth er Tor oi d Cho ke Cores. Easy- to- install RFII EMlllinenoise filters. #273-104 . . Pkg. of 2/6.95 (2) " Business Machin e" Cord . CEE style connecto r. 6 ft. #278-1257 .. 3.99 (3) RS23 2 Spi ke Protector. Installs inline. O-sub 25. #276-1402 16.95
'A
(1) Phono Pl ug . #274 850 2.49 (2) 2-Conducto r 'I. " Phon e Plug . #274-855 3.49 3-Cond. 'I. " Plug . #274-856 3.99 (3) 2-Cond. 'I." Plug . #274-857 .. 2.79 3-Cond. 'Ia" Plug. #274-858 .. . . . 3.49
28-Range FET YOM
Solderless Breadboard
Logic Probe and Pulser
~
10-Megohm FET Input-Works Like A Solid-State VTVM Easy-to-Read 5" Meter
Our best analog multitester ! Features single knob range control , audible continuity tester and handy 10-amp DC range . Includes probes and illustrated manual. Batteries extra . #22-220
1995
Lo gi c Prob e. Color-coded LEOs and tone outputs indicate logic states. For TTL , LS and CMOS. #22-303 Puls er. Teammate for the prob e. Produces a single 5 us pulse or a continuous pulse train. #22-304
Shop Early! A Great Gift ----= ----= For Students . .- - - - - - - - And Hobbyists
Our best ! This 2'/4 x 6'/2" b-boa rd is mounted on a " stay-put" steel base with rubber feet. Has 240 plug- in points which accept DIPs, discretes and up to 22-gauge wire. Three binding posts. #276-169
Over 1000 items in stock! Binding Posts, Books, Breadboards, Buzzers, Capacitors, Cho kes , Clips , Coax , Connectors, Fuses, Hardware , rcs, Jacks, Knobs, Lamps, Multitesters, PC Boards, Plug s, Rect ifiers, Resistors, Switches, Tools, Transformers, Transistors, Wire , Zeners, More !
Pri ces apply at participa ting Rad io Shack stores and dealers
!tadle IhaeK
A DIVISION OF TANDV CORPORATION
~ m
JJ
The Technology Store
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CD 00 00
113
What.s New at
AMERICAN DESIGN COMPONENTS? W
e warehouse 60,000 items at American De sign Componentsexpe nsive, oft en hard-to-find co m ponents for sale a t a fraction of thei r o rig inal co st! You'll find e ve ry part yo u need eith e r brand new or removed from equi pment (RFE) in excellent cond ition. But quantities ar e limit ed . Order from this a d , or visit our retail showroom and find e xactly wh at you ne ed from the thousands of it e m s on display. OPEN MON.-SAT., 9-5 . 5 1/4" FUll-HEIGHT HARD DISK DRIVES 5 1/4" FULL-HEIGHT DISK DRIVE
{/B~
Compat.J
3 1/2" MICROFLOPPY DISK DRIVE
ADJUSTABLE POWER SUPPLY 0- 16VDC
40Mb (A T/XT High speed , 40 ms. access time. Quantum #Q540 Item #17765 New - $379.00 48 TP I,40 Track, Double Side/Double Density 10Mb (ST412 Compet.) Ta ndon #TM100-2 or equiv. Major man ufacturers Get them while the y lastl Item #7928 $79.00 New Item #17199 $99.00 ea . 2 for $150.00 New 12/24VDC MUFFIN~ TYPE FAN 55/100CFM ~
Compat.J
access t im e. Pow er requireTESTED -
Input: 120VAC/60HZ..6A.Output: variable. 0-16V . 16VDC max.@ 1 Mb(unformatted), 135 TPI, 3 ms. 4.0A.ULapproved; thermallyprotecte d. Has ' on/off ' ind icator light & fr ont panel m td. pol ar ized jack. Perf ect fo r use w/variable speed
ments: +12, +5 volts. Removed from operationa l computersUKE NEW!
THERE'S NO RISK!
COMMODORE
W ith our 90-day warranty, any purchase can be returned for any reason for full credit or refund. 115 CFM MUFFIN~ FANS COMPUTERS ...
Mfr - NEC , model FD1035 Di m.: 6'/,W x 3'/, 'H x 3'/, 'de ep Item #17171 $79.00 ea. Mfr- Black & Decker #9821 2for $ 1 5 0 . 0 0 Item.19585 New - $14.95 5 1/4" 1.2Mb. HIGH POWER HALF-HEIGHT FLOPPY DISK &;;;;;1"'!""Ii<_ DRIVE SWITCHING POWER SUPPLIES
motors, fans , toys, etc.
* * * *
., ___28A 3JOOJ~eM,_5:0blade.model, ~alu=--
* * * ~~~t
115V AC,
~"_AiI!!~-_~
.--" )
5 plastic blades with feath e red edges. 8W. Can be mo unted for IBIVPAT Compatible. PLUS 4 _ Dimen: 4"/,. sq. x deep blowing o r exha ust. Aluminum 48/96 TPI, 1.2 Mb . housing. Brushless, bali-bear(Cust. Returns _ Tested Good!) NEW- Mfr:IMC Double side d. high density; Built-in software incl.: a word processor. Item .1864 $9.95 ing type. Mfr: - Centa ur, 160 tracks . Mfr - Pana son ic spread sh eet graphics, & a filing system . USED- Mfr:Centau r/Howard #CUDC24K4-601 #J U475 Item . 5345 $5.95 Item #8541 New - $19.95 Ite m #10005 New -$109.95 Comes com plete wl power s upply & instruction manua l. I-'::-",...==':;:::';':':~';:"'~::=;=+==;;-;:~;';""'=~=~==~:;:::'~:'=-:=~~~=~~=-=~ $49.95 27 CFM MINI FANS Item #19202 TTL MONITORS ... INDOOR/OUTDOOR VIC 20 - (Cust. Returns - As Is !) HI-RES .. . MULTI-PURPOSE No gu ara ntee . (Powe r s upply not incl.) (Open SPEAKER $29.95 Item #18770 Frame) 40W,80hm COMMODORE 8050
minum housi ng . Can be mo unted for blow ing or exhaust .
l "-THIN:---";~)E:.<.-'-1
111,
DC Output:
+5V @ 18A + i~~ @@
~:~~
Input: 1151230VAC, 50/60Hz. Dim: 13"L x 4'I,W x l1/, H Mfr- Sola #39- 139 Item #17210 New - $29.95
Dual Disk Drive Unit...
Idealfor use
in siren and
The 8050 uses 2 full-height, 100TPI

single- sided disk dr ives, ea. w /stor age cap. of
&
533,248 bytes. Ea. 8050 diskettehas 77tracks is read/write compatible withe 8250 disk Power req.: 115V AC/60Hz. (manuals incl.) Dim.: 13' h'W x 13 ' h 'O x 6' H. Item .19313 New - $89.95
dr ive . Compl ete wlbuilt-in powe r supp ly.
12"- High Resolution 12VDC, g reen phosp hor. Subassemblies, CRT.board &tran sformer included. Comes with hook-up diagra m. Item #6811 New - $19.95 15" Data Display/Monitor Kit Alphanumeric & graphics display. Green phosphor. Input powe r r~g . 24VDC. Bandwidth : 22-72Khz. Consists of 2 subassemblies (monitor & board). Hook-up diagram incl. Wells Gardner #15V7025 Item #16171 New-$24.95
marine applica tions. 40watts

nominal input,
8 ohm impedance. Frequency rang e: 400-13,000. Extra heavyduty plastic cas ing, wea the r-
+5V @ 8A +12V@ 500 rna. -12V@ 200 rna. +24V@2.0A. AC, 50/60Hz. Input: 1151230V pro of and we athe r resista nt ; 8' /, x 4'1, x rH . Dimensions: swivel brac ket. Dim.: 11" x 6'1z" Mfr - Power Systems #PS1547 Mfr-#HS-12SBP Item #16585 $19.95 Item #19617 New - $ 2 9.9 5
DCOutp ut:
ADAM
COMPUTER
Im rm m mtllWIIllltfm _, ;";,,,. -..........
RECORDING TAPE
7 1/ 2 " Reel, 2400 ft .
necessary
(Less Printer) Nowiring
~'"
,,\
,",',.J1 I MjJ . .
H1:: I
6V @ 4.0AH /, D. Dim: 4" H x 2' I,'W x 13 48-KEY -TImex ZS1/1000 Ite m #6712 New - $5.95 75-KEY -TImex or Ad am Item #7429 New - $5.95 COMMODORE.4 66-KEY - Commodore C-16 Item #9394 New - $5.95 COPPER-CLAD PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
For computer upgrade-
(justplugs together). Inc i: hook -up diagram ;
Major man ufacture rs. Keyboard , 1 cassette digital data drive, 2 game contr oller s, powe r sup ply & 1 cassette . Capab le Item #15757
of runni ng CP/M. has built-in word proce ssor.
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$7.95 6V @9.5AH 1/4 Mil.Bulk erased . Major mfrs.: 51f "H x 4",W x 2'I, ' D. Dim: Item #7410 Complete - $99.00 z Ampe x, Scotch. etc. Ite m #6711. Mfr - Elpowe r ACCESSORIES.. . rs reels fo r $9.95 Item #7039 $14.95 COLECOVISIONto ADAM EXPANSION KIT HIGH-RESOLUTION COLECOVISION Just plugs into your cotecovtsion. W/print er INSTRUMENTATION power sup ply & data dri ve (both incl. ) yo u will Accessories ... have a wo rki ng Adam com pute r. Adam keyTAPE board. 1 Smart Basic cassette & hook-up diaEXPANSION MODULE #2 gram also incl. Item #9918 $59.50 Play arcade qual ity driving & racing games on your CofecoVisio n. DATADRIVE - Item #6641...$19.95 lncl. Turbo cartridge. 1/2" tape on PRINTER POWER SUPPLY Item #13146 New - $39.95 14" reels; Item #6642.. .$14.95 9200'/reel. ROLLER CONTROLL ER ASCII KEYBOARD Wide band, Item #6643.. .$ 1 9 .9 5 Gives full 36 0~a m e control. Hi- highly conspeed action of an arcade. Can be duct ive tape , CONTROLLERS (Se t of 4) w/m agneti c Ite m #7013.. .$9.95 RFE used withe Adam. Incl. Slither cartridge. oxid e surface ADA M CASSElTES New $39.95 Item #13147 (ma kes it ultrasmooth for chart Smart Basic. Buck Rogers & blank Incl. w ave reco rding) . Orig . used in SUPER ACnON cas sette. Ite"lJ:l:/"~:Dozen _ $19.95 gov't & othe r critical inst rum ent CONTROLLER SET DISK DRIVE POWER SUPPLY Gives you indiv. control of 4+ on- applications. St andard hub size. Item #14603...$14.95 screen players. Includes Baseball Mfr - Scotch/Ampex #890/892 Item #17656 $8.95 ea. ADA M DAISY PRINT WHEEL cartridge. Item #13305... $3.95 Item #13148 New - $39.95 2for $16.00
(Double-Sided)
COLECOVISION
+5VDC@ 9A -SVDC @ .l A +12VDC @ .3A Input: 120VAC/60Hz., .25A Caleca #55416 (black) Item #1882 New - $4.95 DC Output:
COMMODORE k1Q
Glass coate d, epoxy lam inated. 1 oz. Doub le sided, .022" thick. Dimens ions: 24" Lx 18.S"H Item #13606 3 s heets I $9.95 DC Output: 9.5V@ 1A. Input: 115V AC., 50/60Hz. Commodore #2S1539-01102 (black) Item #9393 New - $4.95
"The First Source"- for electromechanical & electronic equipment and components AMERICAN DESIGN COMPONENTS!
EGA COLOR MONITORS...
25 KHz High .
Operates
Hesolut ion.i.
* 3-Way * *Hi-Fi * * * * * * * * * INTEGRATED _ CIRCUITS... * MINI SPEAKER SYSTEM... * * ~~~k4i : ~.~.~.:..~.. (~S.~. )::::::::~:;~ ~~:~~:6:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:~~
2114 2148 55 1024x 4 (450n.) 4 ..
STATIC RA M S $.99 HM61 16LP-3 2048x 8 1 150n. I st r.ee 3.49 HM6116LP-4 2048x 8 (2oon.I 10.00 1.90 6514 3.40
Card . Perfect for text. CAD & oth er
;~~al~~~nder
8 Ohm,
30-50 W a tts,
50-20,000 Hz. Cabi net fin ish : he avy-d uty a lumin um - Black. Dim en s ion s : 7"H x 5"W x 4" dee p. Ideal for us e w he re space is limited. Co mes w ith ha n g-on mou nt ing brackets. Model #SB l 00 Ite m #193 14
2102L -2
r~a:f5~c;:;~.~~~.0~~~~~~r8~ga;~~~~ j~~\
410. Inp ut 110/22 0V. 50/60Hz., 75W. Mtd . in m et al chassis. (Hook -up diag ram incl.) Mfr _ Hitach i #CD12 15-DTL (TESTED _ LIKE NEWI) 12" 14" Ite m #1 8059 Item #185 99 $129.00 $149.00
* * *
fil ters that imp ro ve sp eed,
ANTI-GLARE SCREENS... ~~~~ton
* * * * * *VOICE-ACTIVATED * * * * * ~~~~.~.~. mL:::::::::::::~~~ = :l:~~~: ::~.~::~ ~~~~66::::::~~~ = :g~~~: ::~m TIMEX-SINCLAIR... ~.:::::::::g~ = : l:~~~: :::::m gg~-ig.:::~g:: = :g~~~: :::::~:~
-
Special Price I $69.00/Pai r-Ne w
* * *
8086-1 8088 765 4116-200 4116250 4164-150 TM5 4164
$5.80 5.50 3.75 _
MICROPROCESSORS 6B00B-8 $ 9.95 6B020RC16 6B000Pl0 13.50 6BBB1 RC12
6B;;~~~j'ic..~~;s
$199.00 145.oo 55.oo
R802B6-6
16.385 x 1 (200n. I $ .69 16.384 x l (250n,) 49 65.536 x l (150n'I 1.25 65,536x t (150n,) 2.25
TM54416 16.384 x 4 (150n,) .$12.00 4.464 150 65.536x 4 (150 n, ) 15.00 8118 16.384 x l (120n,) 49 41256-1 50..262.144 x l (150n, ) 15.00
.EfBQM.S -
SWITCH
accuracy, & op;rator com ort, i, IBM PC
;;'~~~h:f
ltem #19215 Item #19216
"Activata 'on' or 'off'
2764 2764A -25
~m~:.2.~.::::::::~~~ = : g~~~~: :::::~:~~ m~i~:::::::::~m~ = : g~~~~: :::1~:~~

8192 x 8 (450n'I 8192x 8 (250n'I 2.95 27C12B-26 3.55 LINEAR 62
7.00
Monochrome IBM PC Co lor
AT&T Monochrome
APPLE M acintosh COMPAQ P ortable
New - $8.95 ea. ;
Item #19223 32-column - compatible with a ny ~~~b~s~~~~n:it~~~;~:~t~C~~~~d. Item #19225 of the Time x-Sinclair computers, Dim.: 23/ , x 3'1,." x '/,-, VOX inas well as ou r PC8300 Comp uter. put: 6-9VDC; can be used wlany Item #19226 Uses sta nda rd 4'/," the rmal paper. standard battery. Item #16440. Item #15851
New - $39.95
your voice, a whistle or clap " '- , Ideal for robo tics. light' . , --etc. Turns on withe first sound & off with e se cond . Solid-state units
f l LH00700H t~%~CHN.::::::: ::~m ~~~~75~~.~ .:::::::::::~~:~~ 3.55 XRL555

TL 071CP TL072CP LM 301N LM311N
53
71 32
t~~~b~ ::::::::::::::1:~~
LM317M P LM317T LM318N
t~m::z:::::::::::::~:~
41
LM567V
t~~~,:;:::::::::::::::d~
LM556N NE558N NE564N
53
1.07 1.75 80 80
53
2 for $15.00
3 swi tc hes / $9.95
EXTERNAL DISK DRIVE CHASSIS

With 60W power supply (fan cooled). Ca n accommodate: 2 full-ht. drives our item #7928 2 floppy dr ives..................................... #1904 1 hard dr ive & 1 floppy....................... #13250 Input: 1151230V, 50/60 Hz. Orig . for Burroughs computer. Dim .: 11"W x 8 " H x 12"deep Item #14541
SMART WATCH 051216
MAGNIFYING A LAMP
t~m~ ::::::::::::::~:~~ LM334Z 1.07

t~m~.:..:::::::::::~:~
44
62
80 90 1.Q7
NE592N LM748CN D58T28N
~~~~~::::::::::::::::::~:~;
LM 336Z
98
LM14 88N LM1 496N
t~~:~~~:::::::::::::::~:ll 65
G~~ro~~A:::::::::::::~:~
1.57
90
DS1216 is a 28-pin, 6'-wi de dip socke t wlbuilt -in CMOS watch funct ion. Non-volati le RAMco ntro ller & lithium e ne rgy so urce . Acce pts e ither 24-pin 2K x 8 or 28pin 8K x 8 CMOS static RAM.
Commu nication wlS ma rt Watch
functio n is established by patte rn

recog nition on a serial bit stream
of 64 bits on D.O. Mfr - Dalla s

Semico nd uctor
M~~
Item #15939
LM338K LM339N LF347N LM348N LM350K LF353N LF356N LM358N LM380N LM380N-8 LM381N LM 383T LM385Z LM3B6N-4 LM389N LM393N LM398N LF411CN TL494CN TL496CP
3.55 90
3.55 53 80 80 98 1.16 1.34 1.70 80 90 41 2.15 71 1.75 1.34

44
D526L531CN D526L532CN LM2901N LM2903N LM2907N LM2917N LM2917-14N LM2931CT MC3346P MC34B6 MC34B7 5G3524 LM3900N LM3914N RC4136N RC415N8 RC4193N8IDE) 7805K 7812K 7815K
1.34 1.34 53 53 1.75 1.39 1.34 1.07 90 1.34 1.34 1.75 53 1.75
80
90 .2.65 1.21 1.21 1.21
78' 8K 7824K 7805T 78'2T 7815T 7818T 7824T 78540 7905K 7906K 7912K 7915K 7918K 7924K 7905T 7912T 7915T 7918T 7924T 79L 12AC 79L 15AC LF13201N LM13600N LM1B89 75107N 75108N 75110A 75115 75123N 75124N 75138N 75154N 75450N 75451CN 75452CN 75453 CN 75464N 75472 75492N 76477
$1.21 1.21
44 44 44 44 44
1.75 1.21 1.21 1.Z1 1.21 1.21 1.21

53 53 53
53
53
.2.33 1.07 1.85 90 90 1.34 1.07 1.34 1.34 2.65 1.25

53
44 44 44
53 53
53
80
71 .3.55
CRYSTALS
.. . $1.75 ea . (Microprocessor .... HC-18U)
STEPPING MOTORS for ROBOTICS...

Speeds up to 5,000 steps .
~'::~::.~~::r:~r; ~'t.500
Item No. St ep Angle 1.800 1.800 1.800 3.600
DC Torque Voltage oz/in .
.MhL
1.8432 3.579545 3.6864 4.0 4 .32 4 .91 52 5.0 5 .0688 6.0 6.144 7 .3728 8. 0 10.0
.!tl:m..N2..
7915 12361 13501 7045 13041 13666 13043 6786 12362 13226 13502 1957 1772 7
Mm.
10.73B63 5 12.0 14.3 18 18 16.0 18.0 18.432 19 .6608 20 .0 24. 0 32 .768 4B.0 64.0 122.666
1953 7920 7359 13425 13617 13227 12112 12360 18005 13911 7389 1723 8 7037
Type
Mfr. & Part No.

~u6'3~~~~-6201 B
~u6'92~~T.402
A4'P1P71~e8d 39Motio n
Fig. 2"L x 21J'dia. x 2'I,H 2"Lx 2'I'dia . x 21J ,H 1't,"sq. x " "D l 1J , "sq. x l'"D 2V,"sq. x 1"D 3
2KbROM; 128 bytes RAM; 32 va lines; up to 62Kbaddressable extern. space 7630 ea.; ,44 byte reg. file; . 124 G.P . reg.; 4 VC port reg.; 16 status & contr, reg; 16410 Fullduplex UART; 2 program. 8-bit ~~~~~:~~~~7~~k':t'i~;~~~ 16406
5275
1.8 3.0 12.0 12.0
72
200 700' .700' 900'
PM 20 PM PM PM PM
~m~~~Motio n
Mitsubishi 55S1-25 DAYA
power supply. TTLcompat. 7014 7.500 12.0 Item #185 15 $24.95 Grams pe r em.
Price 519.95 ea. 2 for $37.50 534.50 ea. 2 for SS9.50 59 .95 ea . 2 for $14.95 59 .95 ea. 2 for $14.95 510.95 ea . 2 for $19.95
IC SOCKETS...
Low Profile
!'lI.2....2f fi!n
8 14
AMERICAN DESIGN COMPONENTS, 62 J OS EP H STREET, MO ON AC HIE, N .J . 0707 4

YES! Please send me the f oll owin g itemsIt em No . How Man 7 Descri tion Price Tot al
My check or mo ney order is encl osed. Charge my cre dit card. 0 Visa 0 Ma st e r Ca rd 0 Amex
MINIMUM ORDER $15 . RE-1188
20 22 24 2B 40 64
- - - - t -- - -t- - -1 ~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::'i~~~1 ::::::::::::::::::::::::~~ I f-- -- + - - -t-- - -- - - - t----t---1

7353 16875 1230 128 65 735 1 16169 18 I I - - - - - - + - - - t - - - - - - - - - j - - -- t - --l 19 I L - - ---l...- - - ' -- -- - - - - .L... - _ - t_ _-l 20 22 30 1.75
135 18 73 50
I.t!M..!i
$ .11 I I--- - - - + - - - t - - - - - - - --j---
- t- - - l
Ca rd No. Exp. Date S ignature Tele p hone: Area Cod e Name Address City State Zip
A ll inquiries and free catalog reau ests-sc ett (20 1)939-27 10.
12 1f--- - + - -- t - - --
Number
z ~ m
;;;:::
CD
~
68-Pin Leaderless Chip Carrier Socket

Fits: 80 186, 80188. 80286 1 Cs an d m or el Item #18283 $5.75 ea .; 2fo r $10.00
:D
m
co co
<.0
For all phone orders, call TOLL FREE 800-524-0809. In New Jersey call (201) 939-2710.
115
Part No.
Rep lace the 8086 or 8088 in Your IBM PC and Increase Its Speed by u p to 30 010' Price
MISCElLANEOUS CHIPS
Pa rt No. D7 65AC WD921 6
zao. . . . Z8O-CTC .. .. Z8Q-P10 zaoA zaoA-CTC . Z80A-DART zaoA- PIO Z80A-S IOIO. . .. . ... ..
UPD70108-5 UPD70108-8 UPD70108-10 UPD70116-8 UPD70116-10
(5MHz) V20 Ch;p (8MHz) V20 Ch ip (10MHz)V20Chlp (8MHz) V30 Chip (10MHzI V30 Chip
$ 7.49 $ 10.75 $14.95 $11.95 $19.95

10 + .59 .3 5 1.8 5 .3 9 .35 . .29 , .3 9 .4 5 .4 5 4.85 1.25 1.25 1.3 9 .6 9 .49 .49 .6 9 1.85 .6 9 1.75 .8 9 1.85 .49 .49
Price 3.95 3.95
6500/6800/68000 Cont.
Part No. Price 6845. . . . .. 2.75 6850 1.95 6852 75 6854. .. . .. . . . . . . 1.19 MC68000L 8. . . . . .. 9.95 MC68 000L10 11.95 MC68010L10 44.95 M C 6802ORC128. . .. . . 99.95
BODO SERIES ConI.

Part No. Price 8228 1.9 5 82 37-5. . . . 4.25 8243. . . . 1.75 825OA 4.9 5 8250B (For IBM ) 5.9 5 825 1A. .. ... .. 1.69 82 53 - 5. . . . . 1.95 8254. .. .. .. . 3.9 5 82 55A-5. 2.9 5 8259- 5 2.25 82 72 3.95 8279-5. . . 2.95 87 4 1. . .9.95 8742. . . . . . . . 19.95 8748 (25V) 7.95 8748H (HMOS ) (21 V) 9.95 8749 9.95 8751 (~5-8 MHz) 39 .95 8751H 1 3.5-12MHz ) . . 44 .95 8755 13.9 5
l8D. Z8DA. Z8D8 SERIES

1.19 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.6 5 4.95 1.8 9 . . 3.9 5 zaO B. . . . . 2.75 zaoB--CTC . . 3.95 Z80B -PIO. . . . . 3.95
POTENTIOMETERS
Values av3IlabIe (rn sertohms mIDspace
51(.10~
201(.
50~ 1~
2001<. l M EG
mar~
"XX1:
soon.
lK. 2K
7400
CPa~rt =No", . _ _---,1c:; -9,---,-1 0",+
43PXX ,. WJ~ 15\l rn .99 1 63PXX " WJ~ 1Turn
.8S
.1~
7400. . 7402. . 7404. . 7405. . 7406 7407. 7408. . 7410. 74 14 . 74 15 . 7417. . 7420. . 7 430. 74 3 2. 7438. 7442. . 74 45 . . 7 446. .
. ... ... . ..
..
.29 .19 .29 .19 .29 .19 .35 .2 5 .39 .29 .3 9 .2 9 .35 .2 5 .2 9 .19 .49 .3 9 .35 .2 5 .35 .2 5 .2 9 .19 .29 .19 .39 .29 .3 9 .2 9 .49 .3 9 .79 .69 .8 9 .79 .. 1.95 1.8 5 .3 9 .29 .3 9 .29 .39.29 .49 .3 9 .45 .3 5
1-9 7485. . .59 7486. .45 7489 1.9 5 7490. .49 7493. .4 5 74121.. . .3 9 74123. .49 74125. . .5 5 74126. .55 741 43 4.95 74150. .. 1.3 5 74 154. . 1.3 5 74 158 1.49 74 173. . .79 74 174. . . .59 74175. . . .59 74176. . . .7 9 74181 1.95 74193 74 19a 7 422 1. 7 4273. 74 36 5. . 74 3 6 7. . 79 1.85 .99 . . 1.95 .59 .5 9
Part No.
8031 SODD .SERIES 395

9 .9 5 1.49 . .. 6.95 . . . 2.25 . . . 2.49 8086 3 .95 8086-2 6.95 8087 (5M Hz ) 99 .95 8087- 1 (l OM Hz ) . .229.95 8087-2(8M Hz) 15 9.9 5 8088. . . . . 4.95 8088-2.. .. 6.9 5 81 16 . 4.95 8 15 5. .. 2.49 8 155-2 3 .49 8 156. .. 2.95 8203. .. 6.95 8212.. . 229 . 8224 2.25 8OC3 1. 80 3 5 8073. . 808OA. . 8085A . ..
.O i
.2!
.4~
65DD/68DD/68DDD SER. 6502 .. .. .. .. . .. 2.65

6520..
65C02 (C M OS) . . .. . 7.75 . 1.95 6522. . . 2.95 6532.. . 5.49 65 51 2.95 6 5C802 (C MOSI 15.95 68 00.. . . . 1.9 5 6802. .. 2.95 68 10. . 125 6821. . . . . .. .. 1.75 6840. . . . . 3.49
DATA ACQUISITION
AOC0804LCN. . . . 2.79 AOC0808C CN 5.95 AOC0809C CN 3.69 AOC120 5CCJ- l 19.95 OAC0808LCN 1.75 OAC1008LCN 5.9 5 AY-3- 1015D 4.95 AY-5 -1013A 1.95
--L4 4 7 L
7 448.. . 7472. . 7473. 7 47 4. . . 7 47 5. . 7 4 76. .
..J s "" a - 7-9_ .:J4 1 8~1 .95 -1 .85 -
74LS
74 LSOO. . . 7 4 LS0 2.. 7 4 LS04. . . 74LS05.. . 74 LS06. . 74LS07. . 74 LS08. . . . . . 74LS10 . .. 74LS1 4. . . 7 4 LS 27 .. 7 4LS30. . 7 4 LS32. .. 7 4LS42 .. . . 74LS47 ... 7 4LS73. . 7 4LS74. . . . . . 74LS75. . . . ~ . 74LS76. . . 74 LS85. 7 4LS86. 7 4LS90 . 7 4 LS93. 7 4LS 12 3. . 7 4L$ 12 5. . . 7 4 L$138. . 7 4 L$ 139. .. . 74L.S 154. . . .. 7 4L.S157.. . 74L.Sl58.. . .. 7 4 L.Sl 63 ... 74LS l64. . . .26 .2 8 28 .2 8 .59 .59 28 .2 6 .49 .3 5 .28 .28 .49 .89 .39 .35 .39 .39 .5 9 .29 .49 .49 .49 .49 .49 .49 1.19 .4 5 .3 9 .49 .5 9 .16 .18 .18 .18 .49 .49 .18 .16 .3 9 .2 5 .18 .18 .3 9 .7 9 .29 .2 5 .29 .29 .49 .19 .39 .3 9 .39 .3 9 .3 9 .39 1.09 .3 5 .29 .39 .49 74LS 155... .7 5 74 LSl 66 .8 9 74 LS 17 3.. .39 74LS174. . .3 9 74LS175.. .3 9 7 4LS 189. . ... 3.95 74 LS 19 1. . .59 7 4LS 193. . .69 74 LS22 1.. . .6 9 74LS2 40.. .59 74LS2 43 .. .. .8 9 7 4LS244. . .6 9 7 4LS245. .. .7 9 7 4LS259. . .99 7 4LS273. . .8 9 74LS279. . .. .49 74LS322 . 3.49 74LS365.... .49 74LS366. . . .49 74LS367.. .49 74LS3 68 .. .49 74LS3 7 3. . . . .79 74LS374 . . . .7 9 74LS3 93 ... .89 74L$590. .. .. 5.95 74 L.S62 4 .... 1.9 5 74L.S6 29 . .. . . 2.49 74LS640..... 1.09 74LS645. . . .. 1.09 74L.S6 70 .. . . .99 74LS688. . . . . 2.39 .6 5 .7 9 .29 .29 .2 9 3.85 .49 . .59 . .59 .49 .59 .59 .6 9 .8 9 .7 9 .39 3 .39 .39 .39 .39 ' .39 .6 9 .6 9 .7 9 5.85 1.8 5 2.39 .9 9
. Part No.
"41 16-15 41 28 - 20 "4 164-100 "4 164-1 20 "4 164- 150 4 164-200 *T MS44 16 - 12 *41256-80 4 12 56 - 100 4 12 56-12 0 *41256-150 "41 464-15 "51 1OC>OP-l 0 -51 42 5 6 P- l 0 2 0 16-12 20 18-45 2 10 2 2 1 14 N 2 1 14N-2L 2 1C1 4 5 10 1 611 6P-3 6116LP-3 *6 2 64LP-1 2 6 2 64P-1 5 "6 2 64 L P- 15 6 5 14 -43 25 6- 15L "5 2 25 6 L P-1 2
Price
15.384 x 1 (15005) 1.39 13 1.0 7 2 xl (2()()r)s) (Ploo yba ckl. . . 3.2 5 5 5.536 x 1 (lOOns) .. 3.49 65. 536 x 1 (12 0 n s ) 2.9 5 6 5.53 6 x 1 (l OO ns) . . . 2.59 65,535 x 1 (2oon s) 1.7 5 16,3 84 x 4 (12 0 ns ). . . 7.7 5 2 6 2,144 x l (80 ns) . . . . 13.49 262,144 x 1 (lOO ns) . . . .. 12.49 262,144 x 1 (120ns). . . 11.9 5 262,144 x 1 (l 5Ons ). . . . ... . . 11.4 9 65 .536 x 4 (l 5Ons) (4 4 64) . .. 10.9 5 1,048,5 7 6 x 1 (l OO n s) 1 M eg. . . .. 39.95 262, 144 x 4 (l OOns) 1 M e g 59 .9 5
Part No.
LAG 570. . . . WD1770 S1305 2P 5 504 A. . 6 50 7.. 65 10 5 525. 6526 6545- 1 6560. . . . 6567.. 6569. . 6572. . .. 5 581 (12 V) 6 582 (9 V ). . 8502.. 8563 8564. . . .
Price
.99
.8 9 2.29
74S/PROMS
74 5 00 . . 7 4504. 7 4S08. 7 45 10 ... 74532. . .. 74S74. . . . 74585.. . . . 74586. . 74S 124 . 745174. 7 4S 175. .25 .2 5 .2 9 .25 .29 74S 188*. . . 74S 18 9. . . . . . . .. . .. 745 196. . .. . . . . . . . . 74S240. . . . . . . .... . 74S244. . .. . . ...... 745253. 74S287 ".. . . ... .... 74S 288". . . 74537 3. . 74$37 4. 7 4547 2 ". .... 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.3 9 1.19 .5 9 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.49 2.95
ST ATIC RAMS
2048 x 8 2048 x 8 10 2 4 x 1 1024 x 4 102 4 x 4 102 4 x 4 256 x 4 2048 x 8 2048 x 8 8 192x8 8 19 2x8 8 192x8 10 2 4 x 4 32,768x8 32, 7 68 x 8 20 48 x 8 4096 x 8 4096 x 8 8 192 x 8 2048 x 8 256 x 8 10 24 x 8 2048 x 8 2048 x 8 20 48 x 8 4096 x 8 4096 x 8 4096 x 8 4096 x 8 8 192 x 8 8192 x8 8192 x 8 8192 x 8 8192 x8 16 .384 x 8 16 .38 4 x 8 16,384 x 8 16.3 8 4 x 8 3 2.768 x 8 3 2,768 x 8 32 .768 x 8 65 .536 x 8 65 .536 x 8 2048 x 2048 x 8 192 x 2048 x 8 8 8 8 (12 0 ns) . . 4.49 (4 5 n s) .. . . 6.9 5 (35Ons) . . .8 9 (45 0 ns ). . . . . . . . . . .99 (200ns) Lo w Power 1.49 (2oon s) (C MOS). . .49 (45On s) (C MOS) 2.95 (15On s) (C MOS) 4.19 (15On s) L P CMOS. . . . . 5.99 (12On s) LP CMOS . 10.49 (15On s) (CMOS). . . . . .. 7.95 ( 15Ons) L PCMOS . 10.2 5 (3 50 n s ) (C MOS). . .. 3.7 5 (l 50 n s) Low Power 13.95 (12 0 n s) L P C M OS 16.9 5
29
.8 9 .29 . .. . . . 1.49 .49 .49
74F
.2 5 .25 .2 5 .2 5 .2 5 74 F1 3 9 . . 74F157. . 74 F193. 74F240. 74F244. . 74 F253.. 7 4F 3 7 3 . 74 F3 7 4 . .59 .. . .59 ... 2.95
- --
- --
EPRDMS (45Ons) (45Ons) (450 n s) (45On s) (450 n s)
.69 .69
.59 .79 .79
.. . . . . ... .29
.3 9
.59
CD-CMOS
C 0 4oo 1. . . .19 C 0 4 008. . .5 9 C 0 40 11. . .19 C040 13 . . . .29 .29 C D40 16 . . C D401 7 . .49 CD40 18 . .59 .59 C D4020. . C D4024.. .. .45 C D4027.. .3 5 .35 C D4030. . C D4040. . . .65 C D 4049.. .29 C D4050. . .29 .59 C D405 1. . . .59 C D 4052. . C D4053. .59 C D4063. .. 1.49 C 0 4Q66. .. .. . .29 CD4067 . . . . 1.49 CD4069 . .19 C 04070 . .. . . .25 C D407 1. . .. .. . .22 C 04072.. .22 CD4 0 7 6 . C 0 408 1 . C0 4082.. C D4093. . CD4094. . . CD40 100. . CD 40 10 7. . CD4510. C04511 . . C04520.. C04522.. C D4538. C04541 . CD 454 3. . CD45 5 3 . C D4555 . CD4559 . CD4566. . CD4583. . CD4584 . CD4585 .. MC14411P. . MC14490P. . .59 .22 .22 .35 .... .89 .... 1.49 .49 .6 9
.69
.75 .79 .79 .8 9 .79 . . .. . 3 .95 .7 9 . ... 7.95 . . . . . 1.95 .... .59 .49 .6 9 . .. 7.95 . . . . . 4.49
TMS2516 TMS2 53 2 TM S2532A TMS2564 TMS27 16 1702A 2708 2 7 16 27 15 - 1 27C 16 2732 2 732 A-20 2 732 A-25 27C32 2 764- 20 2764-25 2764A-25 27 64 -4 5 27C64-15 27 128-20 27 128-25 27 128 A-25 27C128-25 2 72 56-20 27256-25 27C256-25 27512-20 27512-25 2 8 16 A- 25 2817A 2865A-30 52 B 13 (2 1V)
6.9 5 . . 5.9 5 4.49 . .. 6.95 6.95 (1~) 4.9 5 (450ns). . .. 6.9 5 (45O ns l 25V. . . . . . 3.7 5 (350n s) 25V. . . . . . . . . 4.25 (450ns) 2 5V (C M OS) . . 4.25 (4 50 ns ) 2 5V . . . 3.9 5 (2 oo ns ) 2 1V. . . . . . 4.25 (250ns ) 21 V. . . . . . . . 3.9 5 (45Ons) 2 5V (C M OS) 4.9 5 (2oons) 2 1V 4.25 (25Ons) 21V 3.59 (250ns) 12.5V 3.69 (45On s) 2 1V 3.3 9 (15011 s) 12.5V (C MOS) 5.9 5 (2oons) 21 V. . 6.95 (250ns) 21V. . . 5.95 (25O ns) 12.5V 5.2 5 (2 5On s) 2 1V (C M OS) 5.95 (2oon s) 12.5V . . . .. 6.9 5 (25O ns) 12.5V 5.49 (25Ons) 12 .5V (CM05 ) 6.25 (200ns) 12.5V 10.95 (250ns) 12.5V 9.95 5V 5V 5V 5V Re a d l'Nrite Read/Write Re ad l\M'ite Re a d Only 6-25 7.95 9.95 1.49
25V 25V. 21V. . 25V. 3 \h:lltage
. 9.95 . . 8.9 5 .. . 1.2 5 . . . 1.19 . . 2.9 5 12.95 . 4.95 .. 14.9 5 3 .95 10.9 5 . . 2 4.9 5 . . 15.9 5 . . 10.9 5 12.9 5 . . 14.9 5 . 7.95 15.95 . .. 4.95 8566. . . . . 9.9 5 8701.. .. . .. 9.95 8721 .. . 14.95 8722. . . .. . . 13.95 *251 104-04 12.9 5 .. 9.9 5 3 10654-05 3 180 18- 03 12.9 5 3 180 19 -03 12.9 5 318020 -0 4 12 .9 5 . . 14.9 5 325302-0 1. . 325572-01 . 17.9 5 8 2S100 P\..A" 15.9 5 15 .9 5 90 1225-01 901226-01 15.95 901227-03 15.95 15.95 90 1229-05 "No spec s. available " Note: 82 S100PLA = U17 (C- 64)
Part No. 74HCOO .. .19 74HC02 .. .19 74HC04. .19 74HC08 . .19 74HC10.. .25 74HC14 . .29 74HC30 . .25 74HC32 .. .29 74HC74 . .29 74HC75 . .35 74HC76 . .35 74HC8 5 .. .55 .3 5 74HC86 . 74HC123. .69 74HC125.. .49 74HC132.. .49 .45 74HC138.. 74HC139. . .45 74HC154 . . .. .. .. . 1.49 74HC163 . .49 74HC174 .59
Part No. 74HC175. . 74HC22 1 74HC240 .. 74HC244.. 74HC245 74HC253 . . 74HC259. . . . 74HC273.. . 74HC373.. .. 74HC374.. . 74HC595 . 74HC688. 74HC943. . . 74HC40 40. 74HC40 49 74HC40 SO 74HC40 60. 74HC4511 74HC4514 74HC4538 74HC4543
Price .59 .89 .69 .79 .79 .49 .49 .59 .69 .69 1.29 .. 1.49 . 8.95 .89 .39 .39 99 ,. 1.19 1.79 1.19 1.19
74HCTOO.... ... 74HCT02. 74HCT04. . . . .. 74HCT08. . 74HCTlO . 74 HCT32 . 74HCT74. . 74HCT86... . 74 HCTl 38..
.17 .17 .19 .17 .17 .19 .29 .25 .39
74HCTl39 74 HCTl 57. 74HCTl 74.. 74HCT175 . . 74HCT240 74HCT244.. . 74HCT24 5.. 74HCT373 . . . 74HCT374 ..
LINEAR
OSOO 26CN. . . . . . 1.95 TL074CN .99 TL084CN. . .89 AFl 00 -1 CN ... . 8.95 LM307N. . .39 LM309K.. . .... . 1.25 LM31 1N. . .39 LM317T.. .65 LM318N. .99 LM319N 1.29 LM323K 3.49 LM324N. . . . .35 LM338K. . . . . . 4.49 LM339N. .39 LF347N. . . 1.49 LM348N 69 LM350T. .. 2.95 LF351N.. . .39 LF353N. . . .49 LF355N .79 LF356N . .79 LF357N. . . . .89 LM358N. .49 LM360N. .. 1.95 LM361 N. . . .. .. 1.49 LM380N-8.. .. .99 LM386N-3.. . .89 LM38 7N. 1.09 LM393N. .39 LM399H. . ... 3.49 LF411CN.... .. .. .79 TL497ACN 1.49 NE540H (C54tlH). . . . .99 NE555V. . .29 XRL555. . . . .59 LM556N. . .45 NE558N. . .79 LM56 5N. . .89 LM567V . . .75 NE592 N.. . .. .. .. .75 LM74 1CN.. . . . .. .. . .29 LM747CN...... . . .. .49 MCI 350P. . . . . . . . .89 MC1371 P 2.29 MC1398P 4.95 LM14 14N. .99 LM1458N. .35 LM1488N . . . .. .. .. .45 OS14C88 N (CMOS) .. 1.19 LM1489N 45 OS14C89 N (CMOS) .. 1.19 LM1496N. . . . . .69 MCI 648 P 2.95 LM1871N 1.95 LM1872N. .. . . 1.95 LM1896N- 1.. 1.49 ULN2003A .75 XR2206 3.95 XR2211 .. .. 2.95 XR2243. .. . .. 1.95 26LS29 . . . . 2.95 26LS3 1.. .. .. .99 26LS32 . .. . . . .99 26LS33 .. .. .. .. . .. 1.49 LM2901N. . 25 LM290 7N.. .. . .. 1.29 LM2917N (8 pin) 1.79 MC3419CL. . . . .. 3.95 MC3446N. . . . .99 50P. . . .49 70P 1.19 71P. . . 99 ..... 3.95 . .... 1.19 .99 ..... .. .49 . 1.25 . 89 1.79 .... . 1.49 .. . . .69 4 69
i74 C C M O S
74COO . . . .29 74C17 4 .49 74C02. . .29 74C175 .49 74C04 .. .29 74C2 21 1. 79 74C08 29 74C 240 1.19 74C10 19 74C244 1.79 74C14 49 74C373 .. .1.95 74C3 2. .29 74C3 74 1.95 74C7 4 .49 74C9 12 7.95 1.4 9 74C915 1.39 74C85 74C86 29 74C920 4.95 74C89 . . .3.95 74C92 1 4.95 22 .. .3.95 74C90....99 74C9 74C l~ .. 2.95 74C923 3.95 74C173 .. .59 74C925 5.49
- - - - - - - EEPRDMS
(2 5On s) (3 5On s ) (300ns ) (35Ons)
5K (LM34 0K- 15) 1.59 5T (LM340T-5) 45 78 12T (LM340T- 12) .45 7815T (LM340 T-15) 45 7905K (LM320K-5) 1.49 7905T (LM320T- 5) . . .49 75472 49 75477 . .. . . . . .. ... . 1.29 MC145106P 1.95 MC145406P.. . 2.95
~~ It~~1g~~b :: :U
PARTIAL LISTING OVER 4000 COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES IN STOCK! CALL FOR QUANTITY DISCOUNTS
* RAM'S SUBJECT TO FREQUENT PRICE CHANGES
nss
he QTSS quickly determines the proper RS232 onfig uratio n req uired to interfac e two pe ripherals. .irnply slide the switches and determine by the EDs which configuration works best. $49:95 $29.95
JE1002 JE1014 JE1015 JE1021 JE1031 JE1071 AMBER 4164-120 41256-120 41464-12
4.77/10 MHz.Turbo Moth erboard (Zero-K RAM - includes
AMI B'OSRD")
$109.95
69.95
Turbo Rip-ToP Case . . .
XT/ A T CompatibleKeyboard 59.95 5.25* 0500 Disk Drive (B_ _el). . . . . . 89.95
Mi ni 1 50W Pow Supp ty 69.95 Mu lti 110 with Controller and Gra ph k;s 119.95 12 - MC'nOC hro me Am ber "on~",. . . . . . . . . 99.95 Parity (2chip s). . . . .. 5.90
JAMECO SOLDERLESS BREADBOARD SOCKETS
512KRAM (18chips) 128 K RAM (4chips)
RA"
215.10 51.80
~. Seagate 20,30
, 40 and 60MB Half Height Hard Disk Drives
ST225K (Pict ured )
12" Amber Monochrome TIL lnput, High Resolution (PC/ XT/AT)

Dim. L x W"
R
JE2 4 Co ntact
Poin ts
JE2 7
Bin ding
AMBER . . . . . . . . . $99.95 Price 14" RG B Color - CGA Compatible Amber/ Green/Co lor Switchable, 640 X 200 Resolution (PC/XT/An CTX2410 $279.95 14" EGA Color - EGA/CGA Compat., 720 x 350 Max. Resolution (PC/ XT/AT) TM5154 . $399.95 14" EGA Mon itor and EGA Card - EGA compatible, 720 x 350 Max. Resolution - displays up to 16 colors (PC /XT /AT) JE1059. . . ' . . . . . . . . $519.95 14" Multiscan Color - VGA/PGC/EGA compatible, 800 x 600 Max. Resolution (PC/XT /AT) TM5155. . . . . . $549.95
Posts
IE20 IE21 IE22 JE23 JE24 JE25 JE26 JE27
6~ X
~"
3",. X 2', 61> X 1 ~' 6'h x 21> 61> X 3'. 61h X 4". 6718 X 5:;'. 7'~ X 7th.
200 400 630 830 1,360 1,660 2,390 3.220
0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4
$ 2.95 $ 4.95 $ 5.95 $ 7.95 $14 .95 $22.95 $27 .95 $37 .95
20.. B Drive only(PCl XT/ AT). . . .$22 4.95 2O " B w/Controlier(PCIXT) $269.95 T) $339.95 20"B w/Controlier(A 30..B Drive""Iy (PC/: :T/ AT) $249.95 30" B w/Controller (PCIXT).. . . . $299.95 30..B w/Con.roller(AT). .. . . . . $389.95 40.. BDrive only (PClXT/AT) $429.95 40.. B w/Conl Ca rd (PClXT) $469.95 40.. B w/Con .rolOe< Csrd (A T) $539.95 6O" BDrive only (PC/XT /AT) $499.95 6O.. B w/Controlier (PCIXT). . . . . $549.95
60MB w/ Contro ller Card (AT) $639.95
COMPUTER PERIPHERALS
Jameco BM PCf)IT/AT Compatible V1otherboards
. Award
40MB Tape Back-Up lor IBM PC/XT/AT DJ10 40MB Tape Back-Up . . $349.95 TB40 40MB Tape Ca rtridg e $24.95
::
IBM PC/XT/AT COMPATIBLE CARDS
Jameco 5.25" PC/XT & AT Compatible Disk Drives JE 1022 (Picnned)
BIOS ROMs included
JE1001
JE1001 4.7718MHz (PCIXT) $ 89.95 JE1 002 4.771 1 OMHz (PCIXT) $109.95 ' J E 1 007 6/8 / 10/ 12MHz (Al) $249.95
*Li m ited Qu ant ity Avai labl e
Graphic Display Cards

JE10 50
JE1020 360K BlackBzl.(PClXT/AT). . $ 89.95 JE1021 360K_BzI.(PC/ XT/AT) ... $ 89.95 JE1022 1.2"BB eigeB zl.(PCl XT/AT) . $109.95 3.5" PC/XT/AT Compatible Disk Drives MF353B MF355B
3.5" 72 0K B (Bez els and Insta llation ~ inclu ded )(PCIXT/AT) $'lfi:95 3.5" 1.44 MB (Bezel s and Install at ion ~ inci uded)(PC/ XT/ A T) $'t49:95
$109.95 $129.95
JE1050 JE1052 JE1055
Mono Graphics Card w/Printer Port (PC/XT/A n .. $59.95 Color Graphics Card w/Printer Port (PC/XT /An . $49.95 EGA Card with 256K Video RAM (PC /XT /An $159 .95
Jameco Computer
Datatronics
Power
I:riI= ,ii!5 iEI
2400/12001300 Modems
Hayes co mma nd compatible Bell 10312 12A co m',. -' t pati b le Auto- di a l /autoa nswe r FC C ap p roved l -year warra nty Inc ludes CD:llI ' MaxiMi te Co m mu nica tion So ftware (except 1200 P) 1200P 1200 /300 Ba udPocket .. odern $ 99.95
), :. I'
JE1071 Multifunction, I/O and Expansion Cards I/O Card with Serial, Game, Parallel Printer JE1060 Port and RealTi me Clock (PC /XT) $59.95 JE1061 JE1 065 JE1078 JE1081 JE1 082 RS232 Serial Half Card (PC/ XT/An $29.95 . .. $59.95 Expand to 384K (zero-K on-boa rd) Multifunc. w/Serial, Game, Parallel Printer Port & RealTime Clock (PC/ XT) $69.95 2MB of expanded or extended memory (zerooKon-board) (AT) $119.95 3MB of expanded or extended memory, parallel printer
Protection JE1 190 JE1190 Power Base. . $29.95 JE1191 6-Qutlet Power Strip $11.95 Jameco IBM PC/XT/AT Compatible Keyboards
r: -,
~
\00..
~i,t
~
NEW, Poc ket Version!
: .- .= . .._~
iii
~~I~~dp~~~~;;:;i~,<,*:": ~~d
1200H 2400S 1200C 2400E
1200/300 Baud In.erns' ''ode m 2400 / 120 0/300 'n'ernsl"o<Iem 1200 /300 Baud Extemal "odem
2400112001300 Ex te' nsl " odem
$ 69.95 $129.95 $ 99.95 $169.95
JE1 015 StandardATl ayout( XT/AT) $59.95 J E1 016 Enhanced layout (XT/AT) $69.95
fz~7o~~rb~_~~~r~)~A~:".e .p~~ . . ..
$169.95
M etex M4650:
Hand hel d , high acc uracy 4 ~ Digit LCD Manu al rangin g With Ove rload Protecti on Aud ible co nt inuity tes ter Tests: AC/ OC Voltage. Resista nce, Co ntinuity Capacitance. Frequ en cy One Year Warranty Size : 7"L x 3 1, "W x 1 \,~H
DATA BOOKS
104100 104200 104300 210830 230843 NSC Linear Da" Book-Vel. ' (88) NSC t fneer Da.. Book-Vol. II (88 ) NSC Lm eer Da" BookVeI. III (88) 'n'el" em oryHandbook (88) In'el " ",,,,sys temHn dbk. Set (88) $14.95 $ 9.95 $ 9.95 $17.95 $24.95
Floppy and Hard Disk Controller Cards JE1040 360KB Floppy Disk Drive Controller Card (PC / XT) $29.95 JE1041 JE1043 JE1045
20 /40MB Hard Disk Controller Card (PC/Xn . $79.95
360K/72 0K/ 1.2MB Floppy Disk Cant. Card (PC/XT /AT)
$49.95
~~~~~~~'g~;~~f-ri.I~~~y:~~r~ ~i."~ . .
IBM is
4
U.S. Funds Only Ship p i n g: Add 5 % plus $1.5 0 Insurance . (May vary accordi ng to weight) California Residents: Add 6%, 6 V2% or 7 % Sales Ta x C1 1988 Jameco Electronics
Jameco 1_'
$20 Minimum Order registe_trademarl< oflntemat""al Busine .. Machines
. $149.95
M4650 $99.95
Data Sheets - 50 each Prices S u b j ect t o Change
11/88
mrm~rrrmmmmrrrr~
VISA@
Send $2.00 FREE 1989 CATALOG
-ge"'"
FAX Numbers: 415-592-2503
Te/e:r1~:~~9;-2664
PST)
415-592-8121
1355 Shoreway Rd., Belmont, CA 9400224 HR. ORDER HOTLINE 415-592-8097 All Other Inquiries (7am-5pm
* a UALlTY FARTi
ALL E"
FREE
~ID/~.RTPRIOni(S(ORI\
~I
10 AMP TRANSISTORS SOLID STATE AT. TYPE RELAYS PN2222 NPN TO -92 5 for .75
CA SE PR ICE
SWITCHES
M INIATURE TOGG LE SWITCHES all rated 5 Amps
WE STOCK OVER 4,000 ITEMS ... CALL OR WRITE FOR OUR

CATALOG OF PARTS!
RESISTORS ' CAPACITORS ' DIODES CABLES BRIDGE RECTIFIERS CHOKE COILS CRYSTALS CRIMP CONNECTORS LAMPS HEAT SINKS MOTORS, SUB MINIATURE D CONNECTORS TRANSIS TORS I.C: S PROTO BOARDS , POTENTIOMETERS POWER SUPPLIES ' JACKS PLUGS SWITCHES ' PERF BOARDS , FANS , FUSES' SHRINK TUBING TIE WRAPS TOOLS KEYPADS VIDEO ACCESSORIES RELAYS S.C.R'S TRANSFORMERS ' TELEPHONE ACC ESSORIES RIBBON CABLE CIRCUIT BREAKERS VOLTAGE REGULATORS AND MANY OTHER ITEMS...
2N29 04 2N2906 PN2907 2N3055 PN3569 2N3904 2N3906 2N4400 2N4402 2N5400 2N5680 2N5882 MJ2955 MJE2955 T MJE3055T TIP30 TIP31 TIP32 TIP41 TIP42 TIP121 TIP 126
PNP TO-5 3 for $1.00 PNP TO-18 3 for $1.00 PNP TO -92 5 for .75 NPN TO 3 $1.00 each NPN TO92 5 for .50 NPN TO92 5 for .75 PNP TO-92 5 for .75 NPN TO92 5 for .75 PNP TO -92 5 for .75 PNP TO-92 4 for $1.00 PNP TO3 $2.00 each NPN TO3 $2.00 each PNP TO3 1.50 each PNP TO220 .75 each NPN TO 220 .75 each NPN TO 220 .75 each NPN TO2 20 .75 each PNP TO 220 .75 each NPN TO-220 .75 each PNP TO220 .75 each NPN TO 220 .75each PNP TO-220 .75each
r~ \.
~ /~~ J ,,~
ELECTROL# S2181 CONTROL: Rated 5.5 to 10 Vdc will operate on 3-32 Vdc) LOAD' 10 Amp@ 2'40 Vac 21 /4' X 1 3/4' X 7/8' CAT# SSRLY-10B
0 er ug terminals. CAT# MTS -4 $1.00 each 10 for $9.00
S ,P ldDIT.(On-~n)1
S .P.D .T .(on-o n) ~ Non threaded bushi ng. P.C. mount. CA n MTS -40PC ::; 75 each 10 for $7.00 D.P .D .T .(on -on ) , Solder lug terminals. CA T# MTS-8 . $2.00 each 10 for $19.00
QUAN~/~~OD~~~~UNT!
10 for $85.00 25 for $175.00 50 for $300.00 100 for $500.00
PIEZO WARN ING DEVICE
SOUND ACTIVATED BOARD
24 VOLT D.C. SOLENO ID

Intermit ,tent duty cycle. 240 ohm coil. ~ Mounting flange is 1 1/8" wide. r.: Solenoid body 11/2" X 112" X 1/2". - - -CAT #- SOI:: 34-$1. 0'0 eac 1010r $a50 100 for $75.00 Large Quantity Available
GRAB BAGS $1.00 EACH
NEW!
XENON TUBE
STROBE KIT
1&
..,
t " long flashtube prepped with 3 1/2" red and black leads. Ideal for electronic flash or strobe projects. CAT# FL T-3 2 for $1.00
Variable rate strobe kit, flashes between 60 to 120 times per minute. Will operate on either 6 or 12 Vdc depending upon how you wire the circuit. Comes complete with P.C. board and instructions for easy assembly, CAT # STROBE-1 $7.50 each
50 ASSORTED DISC CAPS. Cut leads, Many commo n values, some are 500 volts. CAT # GRAB DC ASSORT ED 1/4 WATT RESISTORS Approximately 200 pieces of assorted values, some cut leads. CAT # GR ES ASSORTED PARTS Strips 01 100 assorted parts. Each strip contains an assortemt of resistors, capacitors , diodes, coils, etc. 100 pieces. CAT# GRABTR 15 VA L UES OF EL ECTROLYTICS Assortment contains 15 values of 1 mfd and up. Some cut leads. CAT # GRABCP
ITT P U SH BU TTO N ITT MDPL series. 31 4' X 1/2' gray rectangular key cap. S.P.S.T. N.O. Push to close. RATED:
O.1amp
switching, ~ 0.25 amp carry current. P.C. mount CA T# PB- 8 65 each 10 for $6.00 .' 100 for $50.00 HALL E F F E CT SW ITCH MICROSWITCH #4BE3 Slanted keyb oard switch with hall ~~ effect sensor. Snaps into 5/8' square chassis hole. Hall effect sensor slides easily from switch and can be used in other applications . CAT# HESW 4 for $1.00 10 for $2.00 100 for $15.00
NICKEL-CAD
( R EC H A R G E A B L E)
BATTERIES
WALL TRANSFORMERS
ALL PLUG DIRECTLY INTO 120 VAG OUTLET 6 Vd c @ 2 0 0 mao $ 2 .2 5 CAT# DCTX -620
6 Vd c @ 7 50 m a o $3 .50 CAT# DCTX-675 9 V d c @ 2 50 m ao $ 2 .5 0 CAT# DCTX-9 25 12 V a c @ 930 mao $3 .50 C AT# ACTX-12 93 18 Vac @ 1 A m p. $ 3 .5 0 CAT#ACTX -1885
PROTO BOARD
FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIERS 10 AMP 200 P.I.V .
Large enough to des ign most experimental circuits. This proto board measures 63/4" X 2 1/2". Contains main board and two power buss strips. CAT# PB101 $9 .0 0 e ach
#
SPECIAL
AA A SIZE Panasonic # P-18AAA 1.2 volt @ 180 mAh CAT # NCB -A AA X $1.50 each 10 for $13.50 100 for $125.00 LARGE QUANTIT IES
m:
'.P'?~ a ~
5/8" SQUA RE
CA T# FWB -10 20 $1.00 each , 10 for $9.00
AA SIZE $2 .00 each 1.25 Volts 500 mAh CAT# NCB-AA AA SIZE $2.20 each WITH SOLDER TABS CAT# NCB-SAA C SIZE $4.25 each 1.2 Volts 1200 mAh CAT# NCBC D SIZE $4 .50 each 1.2 Volts 1200 mAh CAT# NCB-D
25 AMP RATING
:B
FLASHING L.E.D . KIT

unison when
1 1/8" SQUAR E metal epoxy filled case
N-CHANNEL MOSFET
IRF-511 TO-220 case ~ CAT # IRF 511 $1.00 each .. 10 for $9.00 LARGE QUANTITY AVA ILABLE. ..
T~~;hE ~.' S ~~
WATER TIGHT ENCLOSURE

ROSE# 0208 1905 Molded fiberglass enclos ure with neop rene gasket. 2" X 3" X 71 /2" . Light blue. CAT# WP-905
2 00 P .I.V. '$ 2.5 0 eac h CAT# FWB-252 400 P .I.V. $3 .00 e ach CAT# FWB- 254 600 P.I.V. $3.50 each CAT# FWB,256 MAIL ORDERS T O :
a 9 volt .. . I battery is .:--:::: :. attached . . Requi res easy assembly, you solder the parts to the circuit board. CAT# LE DK IT $1.50 eac h
$7.50 each
ALL
LI GHT EMITTING DIODES (L.E.D.)

STANDARD JU MBO LED DIFFUSED T 1-3/4 size RED 10 for $1.50 CAT# LED-1 100 for $13.00 1000 lor $110.00 GREEN CAT# L ED-2 YELLOW CAT# LED-3 10 for $2.00 100 for $17.00 1000 for $150.00 10 for $2.00 100 for $17.00 1000 for $150.00
====-
FLASHING LED LED HOLDER Two piece holder. with built in flashing circuit . CAT# HLED operates on 5 volts... 10 for 65e RED $1.00 each CAT# LED4 10 for $9.50 CLlPLITE LED GREEN $1.00 each HOLDER . CAT# LED4G 10 for $9.50 Makes a L.E.D. look like a fancy indicator. 13/4 size LED. Fits T BI,POLAR LED Lights RED one ~ CLEAR CAT# HLDCLC RED CAT# HLDCLR direction, GREEN the GREEN CAT# HLDCL-G other. Two leads. CAT# LED-6 2 for $1.70 YELLOW CAT# HLDCL-Y
=--
ELECTRONICS' P.O. BOX 567 VAN NUYS, CA 91408

TWX51 01 01 0163 ( A L L ELECTRONIC)
TOLL FREE 800-826-5432

INFO : ( 8 1 8 } 9 0 4 - 0 5 24 FAX: (818}781 -2653 MIN IMUM ORDER 510.00
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OUTSIDE THE U.S.A. SEND $1 .50 POSTAGE FOR A CATALOG!!
CALIF. A DD SAL ES T AX USA : 53.00 SHIPPING FOREIGN ORDERS INCLUDE SUFF ICI ENT SHIP PING .
~
_
I.
NO C.O.D . STORES:
l OS ANGELES 90S S. VERMONT AVE. lOS ANGELES, CA 90006 (213)380 -80 00 VAN NUYS 6228 SEPULVEDA BlVO. VAN NUYS, CA 91411 (8 18)997 - 1806
'\\
--~
HERE'S WHAT IS NEW AT MCM ELECTRONICS

Tenma Probe Style DMM
Probe style DMM for convenient one hand operation.
renma Pocket DMM

locket size autorange )MM. Simply select unction and meter nrtornoticollv selects
~~~~~t~ar~~d1~~~ost
UTURES:
I
I
FEATURES:
1 ~~~~~~+~ED
1 ~~~~~~WD
31/2digit LCDdisplay Data hold: Holds Jisplay reading after neter is removed from circuit. Audible continuity ester-e Diode test-. GomesinfoldingGOse- - -.= :o mp lete with test leads and owners manual
31/2 digit LCD display Data hold: Holds display reading after meter is removed from circuit. Audible continuity tester. Diode test
Provides isolation from AC line when servicing "hot" chassis equipment. Eliminates shock hazard and prevents damage to AC line operated test equipment.
1' NM....
~uickShot
RS-232 Type Port Switch

Eliminates the need to plug and unplug cables when you need to use a different peripheral device. Enables user to access one printer from different computers, or access multiple printers from one computer with the turn of a switch. Female connectors. All pins s.witched pin for pin
#72-545
loystick
I
FEATURES:
Fused 150VAisolated outlet. Fused 550VA direct outlet. Illuminated power switch. UL approved
Compatible with
~intendo
ntertoinrnent System I Six positive response nicro-switches I Contoured pistol jrlp Select/start ,witch. Auto-fire ,witch. Four nobllizlnq suction cups
Two-Way #83-605
-.
#20-845
Tenma Anti-Static Keyboard Mat

Provides static protection while working at a computer terminal Light gray. Dimensions : 8" (W) x 18" (L)
!Ilue Shower
I
Blue Stuff
Formulated with MINISCRUBBERSc tuner contact polishers; that continue to polish even after months of use MINISCRUBBERSc are dispersed throughout a special super-smooth tuner lubricant that won't create tuner drag or contact wear. Safe on all plastics. 8 oz.
Cleans particulate, ionic and non-ionic ::Iebris and contaminants from all slectronlc components and circuitry I Penetrates minute cracks and crevices, ifting out grease and dirt. Safe on olostics and materials used in electronic :ircuitry (may not be safe on plastic :abinet trim) Use on tuners, ootentlometers, solenoids, tube sockets and more. Recommend using Blue :;tuffafter cleaning with Blue Shower .24 oz .
#21-885
1111I 1
ntnF
#20-850
,
~
.
-
-. --~--
~.~
'.
- ------
--
- - --- --
_.
- --
-- - .. _-
~----
-------
~utomatic
I
CD Cleaner
Motorized chamois cleaning iystem provides true radial :Iea ning Cleaner autornctlcollv stops when inished Can be used wet or ::Iry 1 oz. bottle of cleaning luid included. Operates on our "AA" batteries (not ncluded) #80-320
See Catalog 18 pages 8-23 for full specifications and more test equipment.
For your FREE copy, call TOLL-FREE.
1-800-543-4330
In Ohio, call 1-800-762-4315 In Alaska or Hawaii , call 1-800-858-1849
S
mcm
MCM ELECTRONICS
S5S E . C O NG RESS PAR K O R. CE N TE RV I L LE, OH 45 459-4072
A PREMIER Compan y
SOURCE NO. RE-50
NEW
ACCESSORIES FOR THE MOTION CONTROL SY STEM
ADVERTISING INDEX
RADIO-ELECTRONICS does not assume any responsibility for errors that may appear in th e index below. Free Information Number
81 A.I.S. Satellite . ACE ACS Su pply . AMC Sa les AMCOM . . 186 107
BOARD AND ALLOWS THE SYSTEM TO MO NITOR 92 SWITCH/R ELAY CONTACTS ASS EMBLED s; TE STED RD R NUM B R 50/04 A 4 fO R SHIPPIN & HAN ING SPIN CONNECTS TOTHE SERIAL PO RTS AND 5900 ALLOWS PULSEWIDTH MODULATION OFTWO SPARE NT TO NOR MAL USE Of DC SERVO MOTORS. TRAN SERIALPORTS. OPT ICAL EN CO DER FEED BACK KEEPS THEMOTORS UNDE RCONTROL I INCLUDES REf LE CTIVE LEOS. ENCODE R DISKS. DRIVER KIT. AND SO FTWARE. H PATTERN DRIVERS ALLOW FORWARD& REV ERS E f ROM ONE 12 VOLT POWER SUPPLY. fOR USE WITH MOTORS UP TO.6 AMPS AT 12 VDC R N MB R 5 I ADD 4 f R HIPPI N & HAN IN
SCANNER CONNECTS TOTHEVIDEO LOGIC 3500
Page
... 8 1 61
Mas ter Publish ing .. Micro processo rs Unltd.. NRI. 203 191 On Tar get . O ptoelectronics . . .
. 79 .95 . .. . . 3 1. 54 . 95 3 ..... 101 .

.. 103
204
193 108
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 . 81 26 .. . . 102 .... ... . . . . . 107 . . . . 118 . 104

I 14
4 AMP MOTORS. OR USE 2 TODRIVEONE 16 AMP MOTO R ORDER NUMBER 50 /06 ADD fOR SHIPP ING & HANDLING
9 ~q~f~u~tu~P~f: :~rpEM~ 6~IW~ 199

MO TORS " CP
~,,~,~ 1::~~:2
Pacific Ca ble . .
Parts Express 68 198 78 Philip s ECG . . . Print Produ cts Intern ati onal Radi o Shack .
Active Electronics
All Electronics. Amaz ing Devices . .
. 64 16 .. .. 113 CV3 . 36 120
I GENERAL PURPOSE 64K SINGLE BOARDCOMPUTER I AMBER MONITOR WITH 8 0 BY 24 LINES DISPLAY I QU ALITY KE YBOARD WITH KEY PAD s: FUN CTION KEVS 14 " EASY STEPPER" MOTORS ANDDRIVER KIT SOfT BASI C ANDPILOT LANGUAGE I PDSDOS MICRO I MOTOR CONTROL PROGR AM WITH SOU RCE LISTING 'I POW EJ(SUPPLIE S-I NCru O rDll R <JSrvO UI<BAr lE R TE S- I FULLVDOCUMENTED INCLUDING SC HEMATICS I ALL BOARDS EXCEPT THEDRIVER ARE PREASS EMBLED I DISK STORAGE(not included) EXPANDABLE TO3.2 MEG I ORDER NUMBER 50 / 0 3 . PLE ASEADD $ 14 FOR S&H.
~:'~~oo ': i;rZ~L.. ~

$149 0 0
IOam- 6pm
106 84 76 201 77 183 85
Amer ican Design Components Applicance Ser vice . . . Associated Electr onics/3M . Atla ntic Ca ble Dist ri but ion B&K Precision Banner Techn ical Books Blue Star Industries Breath Alert. .
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Promises of increased productivity from other oscilloscopes fade fast when compared to the speed and accuracy of the SC61 . Eliminate the confusing menus , cursors and complexity of regul ar oscilloscopes at the push of a button. Her e's what the SC61 does for you : Analyze Wa veforms Ea sily Accurate Waveform Display - 60MHz Bandw idth (useable To 100MHz) To Test The Latest Digital Circuits . Rock-Solid Sync - ECL Logic Circuits And Differ ential Amplifiers Give Fiddle Free Operation. Four Times The Measuring Ran ge - Mea sure From 5 mV To 2000 Volts (3000Volts Protection) For Expanded Signal Handlin g. Autotrackingr Digital Readings Analyze The Whole Signa l Autoranging DC Volts Through Single Probe, Eve n With AC Coupled . Automatic Peak-To -Peak Volts - E ven If Varia ble Control Is " Out Of Ca l" . Automatic Frequency Measurem ents Without Sensitivity Adjustment Or Range Switching.
Digita l Delta Test s Analyze Any Part Of The Signal. Delt a P ea k-To-Peak Volts - P eak-To-Pea k Volts Of Any P art Of The Signa l. Delta Time For Any Time Reading - Includin g Delay Between Tr aces t /Delta Tim e - Frequency Of Part Of The Signa l Finds Sources Of Int erf er ence Or Ringing. Frequenc y Ratio Test - Tests Multiplier And Divider Circuits Easy To Use - Human Engineere d Controls And Virt ua lly No Graticule Counting Or Calculations The SC61is designed to give you the measurements you needfast. We make one claim : " Try the SC61 on your bench for 30days. If it doesn't cut your present scope ti me in half, send it back for a complet e refund , no questi ons as ked." Tr y the SC61 for 30days, and discover true tro ubleshooting speed.
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FLUKE A ND PHILIPS - TH E G L O BA L ALL IAN CE I N TE ST &

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