CH 2final

November 2011
Chapter 2
Analysis of
structures
.
(
Physics I, Physics II, Statics, Dynamics, Strength, Circuits, Fluid Mechanics, C++, MATLAB, Numerical
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November 2011
Analysis of structures
Considering:
n = number of parts in the structure.
r = number of reactions.
Stability:
Structure will be unstable in the following cases:
1) if r < 3 n
2) if r
3 n but all reactions are parallel.
3) if r
3 n but all reactions are concurrent.
Determinacy (provided of stability):

r = 3n
statically determinate.
r > 3n
statically indeterminate.
degree of indeterminacy = r - 3 n
.
(
November 2011
Examples of unstability
partial constraints
concurrent reactions
parallel reactions
November 2011
Examples of determinacy
No gains without pains

(
November 2011
Example 2-3 Classify each of the following beams as statically determinate or

statically indeterminate. If statically indeterminate, report the number of
degrees of indeterminacy. The beams are subjected to external loadings that
are assumed to be known and can act anywhere on the beams.
Compound beams, which are composed of pin-connected members

could be disassembled.
Applying r = 3n or r > 3n, the resulting classifications are indicated.
November 2011
Example 2-4 Classify each of the pin-connected structures shown in Fig. 2-19a
through 2-19d as statically determinate or statically indeterminate. If statically
indeterminate, report the number of degrees of indeterminacy. The structures
are subjected to arbitrary external loadings that are assumed to be known and
can act anywhere on the structures.
Applying r = 3n or r > 3n, the resulting classifications are indicated.
r = 7, n = 2, 7 > 6
statically indeterminate to
the first degree.
r = 9, n = 3, 9 = 9
statically determinate
r = 10, n = 2, 10 > 6
statically indeterminate to
the fourth degree.
r = 9, n = 3, 9 = 9
November 2011
2-5 Classify each of the following frames as statically determinate or statically

indeterminate. If statically indeterminate, report the number of degrees of
indeterminacy. The frames are subjected to external loadings that are assumed to
be known and can act anywhere on the frames.
If the members form closed loop, its necessary to use the method of
sections and "cut" the loop apart.
r = 9, n = 2
9>6
Statically
indeterminate to the
third degree
r = 9, n = 1
9>3
Statically
indeterminate to
the sixth degree
This frame has no closed loops.
.
(
November 2011
2-6 Classify each of the following structures as stable or unstable. The structures
are subjected to arbitrary external loads that are assumed to be known.
The member is stable since the reactions are non-concurrent and nonparallel. Its also statically determinate.
(b)
The compound beam is stable. Its also indeterminate to the second

degree.
The member is unstable since the three reactions are concurrent at B.
November 2011
2-6
A
(d)
The beam is unstable since the three reactions are all parallel.
The structure is unstable since r = 7, n = 3, so that r < 3n, 7 < 9.

Also, this can be seen by inspection, since AB can move horizontally
without restraint.
November 2011
2-9 Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically

indeterminate, stable, or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of
indeterminacy.
a)
n=1
r = 1+1
n < 3 n (unstable)
Fy = 0 (cannot be satis ied)
b)
n=2
r= 1+2+3=6
r=n 3
=6
(Statically determinate)
c)
n=1
r= 1+1+2=4
r<3n
Statically indeterminate to the first degree
d)
n=2
r = 2+1+2+2 = 7
r<3n
Statically indeterminate to the first degree
November 2011
2-10 classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically

indeterminate, or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy.
(Fig. a, b ,c ,d)
= 3, 3( ) = 3(1) = 3
( a)
= 6, 3( ) = 3(1) = 3 < 6
(b)
indeterminate to 3
(c)
= 3, 3( ) = 3(1) = 3
(d) lower is beam is unstable.
.
(
November 2011
2-11. Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy.
a)
n=1
r=4
r > 3n
statically indeterminate to 1o.
b)
unstable since all reactions are parallel.
c)
n=1
r=6
r > 3n
d)
unstable since all reactions are parallel.
.
(
November 2011
2-12 classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy. The supports or
connections are to be assumed as stated. (Fig. a, b ,c ,d)
(a)
> 3
6 > 3(1)
statically indeterminate to 3
(b)
> 3
4 > 3(1)
(c)
> 3
4 > 3(1)
(d) unstable since all reactions are parallel
.
(
November 2011
classify each of the frames as statically determinate, statically indeterminate, or

unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy. All internal
joints are fixed connected.
a)
The frame has no closed loops
r=9
Statically indeterminate to 3o
(a)
b)
Cutting the loops as shown
n=4
r = 4 * 2 (pins) + 6 * 3 (reactions)
= 8 + 18 = 26
(b)
c)
Cutting the loops as shown
n=4
r = 4 * 3 (supports) + 9 * 3 (sections)
r > 3 (n)
(c)
November 2011
2-14 classify each of the frames as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy. All internal
joints are fixed connected.
a)
the frame has no loops
n=1
r = 11
3
r>3n
statically indeterminate to (r 3 n) = 8
T
1
b)
n=1
r=2+1=3
r=3n
c)
n=1
r=9
.
(
November 2011
2-14
23
d)
n=3
3
r =15
e)
3
n=2
r = 12
f)
n=2
3
r = 14
3
November 2011
classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy. The supports
or connections are to be assumed as stated.
a)
n=2
r=3+1+2=6
r=3n
b)
Improper constraints.
n=1
r=3
r=3n
but all reactions are parallel (unstable)
c)
n=1
r=2+1+1+2=6
r>3n
.
(
November 2011
2-17 Determine the reactions on the beam, the support at B can be assumed to
be roller, Neglect the thickness of the beam.
MA = 0
(6)
45 cos 30 (6)
= 44.6
22.5(1.5) = 0
7.5(3) = 22.5 kN
45 kN
30o
Ax
4.5 m
1.5 m
Fy = 0
+ 44.6
22.5
= 16.9
Ay
By
45 cos 30 = 0
Fx = 0
+ 45 sin 30 = 0
= 22.5
(
(
).
November 2011
2-18 Determine the reactions at the supports A and B. Assume A is a roller, and
B is a pin.
MB = 0
A (6.3) + 36(4.2 + 2.1) + 18(7.5) = 0

A
= 57.4
Fy = 0
B + 57.4
B = 32.6
36 kN
18 kN
36
36
18 = 0
1.2m
36 kN
Ay
1.2m
By
2.1 m
2.1 m
2.1 m
Fx = 0
B =0
November 2011
2-19. Determine the reactions on the beam.
F = 75 ( 1.8) = 135 kN
F = 75 (2.7) = 202.5
1
F =
120 - 75 2.7 = 60.75
2
Fx = 0
F2
F1
F3
Ax
Ay
= 0
By
0.9
Fy = 0
A F F F + B
A + B = 398.25 kN
0.9
1.35
0.45
0.9
= 0
MA = 0
B (4.5) 135 (0.9) 202.5 (3.15) 60.75 (3.6) = 0

B = 217.35 kN
A = 181
kN
...
(
November 2011
2-20 Detremine the reactions on the beam.
MA = 0
270(3.6)
810 +
F = 495 kN
Fy = 0
cos 60 (7.2) = 0
+ 495 cos 60
= 22.5 kN
(30)(7.2) + (0.5)(15)(7.2) =270 kN
Ax
270 = 0
Ay
3.6 m
810 kN.m
3.6 m
60o
FB
Fx = 0
+ 495 sin 60 = 0
= 428.7
.
(
November 2011
2-21 Detremine the reactions on the beam.
F =F
F =F
MA = 0
F (2.6)
= 30(7.8) = 234 kN
= 0.5(45)(7.8) = 175.5 kN
7.2m
F (3.9) + F (7.8) = 0
F = 175.5 kN
Fx = 0
A + 234
3.9
1.3
2.6
Ax
7.8m
FB
Ay
3
3
+ 175.5
7.8
7.8
A = 90 kN
Fy = 0
F1
F2
7.2
7.8
A = 216 kN
7.2
+F
7.8
175.5
3
=0
7.8
7.2
=0
7.8
.
(
November 2011
2-22 Determine the reactions at the supports A and B. the floor deck CD, DE,
EF and FG transmit their loads to the girder on smooth support, assume A is a
roller and B is a pin.
MB = 0
(2.4) = 0
11.25(1.2) + 27(2.4 + 3.6)

= 73.1
Fy = 0
73.1
45
= 25.9
27 kN
11.25 kN
27 kN
33.75 kN
Bx
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Ay
(45 1.2) +
By
=0
Fx = 0
=0
.
(
November 2011
2-23 Determine the reactions at the supports A and B of the compound beam.
There is a pin at C.
4 kN/m
18 kN
Member AC:
MC = 0
2m
6m
A (6) = 0
24(3)
A = 12 kN
18 kN
Cy
MB
Cx
Bx
24 kN
Fy = 0
12
2m
2m
2m
By
Cx
24 + C = 0
Ay
Cy = 12 kN
3m
3m
Cy
Member CB:
MB = 0
M + 18(2) + 12(4) = 0
M = 84 kN. m
Fy = 0
12
18 + B = 0,
Fx = 0,
(
B = 30 kN
B = 0 kN
.
)
November 2011
2-26 Determine the reactions at the smooth supports C and pinned support A.
Assume the connection at B is fixed connected.
MA = 0
(4.4)(
30 )
= 0.426
Fy = 0
(1.5)(sin 30 )
+ 0.426 cos 30
= 1.79
2.16(0.9) = 0
2.6 m
o
30
2.16 kN
1.5 m
30o
Ax
2.16 = 0
Ay
0.9 m
FC
3m
0.9 m
= 0
0.426 sin 30 = 0
= 0.213
.
(
November 2011
2-27 Determine the reactions at the smooth support A and pin support B. The
connection at C is fixed.
3m
MB = 0
6(1.5)
(cos 60 ) (3)
(sin 60 ) (1.5) = 0
= 44.8
Fy = 0
Bx
By
6 + 44.8(cos 60 ) = 0
= 16.4
6 kN
1.5 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
60o F
A
=0
44.8 sin 60 = 0
= 38.8
If you fail to plan,

you plan to fail.
(
November 2011
2-31 Detremine the reactions at supports A and B of frame. Assume that support
at A is a roller.
MB = 0
(2.5)(3)
36.8
(10)(3) + (35)(3) + (25)(7)
= 36.8
Fy = 0
10
50
= 83.2
25 kN
35
25 +
=0
Ay
(7) = 0
4m
35 kN
3m
50 kN
3m
10 kN
4m
2.5 kN
3m
= 0
Bx
2.5 = 0
By
= 2.5
.
(
...
November 2011
2-33. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at the supports
A and B. the joints at C and D are fixed connections.
Fx = 0
Bx (7 * 12) = 0
Bx = 84 kN
20 kN
MB = 0
30 kN
8m
6m
(7 * 12 * 3.5) + (30 * 8) + (20 * 14) (Ay * 8) = 0

Ay = 101.75 kN
40 kN
3.5
84 kN
Ay
3.5
Bx
By
Fy = 0
Ay + By 40 30 20 = 0
By = 11.75 kN
November 2011
2-34. Determine the reactions at the supports A, B, and E. Assume the bearing
support at B is a roller.
(M )
(M )
(4)
(4)
=0
4
(3) = 0
25
5
= 15
(3)
=0
25
= 15
Fx = 0
25
=0
4
(3)
5
3
(3) = 0
5
25
3
=0
5
Ay
(3) = 0
(0.5)(80)(4.5)
25
= 2.5
25 kN
Ex
Ey
(8.5)
Fy = 0
By
D
(0.5)(80)(4.5)(3)
= 187.5
Ax
M =0
(3)
180 kN
25
4
(7.5)
5
4
=0
5
25
3
(3)
5
.
(
November 2011
2-35 Determine the reactions at the supports A, B, C, and D.
(ME )left = 0
(30)(4)(6) (B )(4) (A )( 8) = 0
2A + B = 180
(1)
120 kN
Ay
(MF )left = 0
40 kN
By
180 kN
Cy
Dy
(40)(1) + (30)(4)(10) (B )(8) (A )(12) = 0

3A + 2 B = 310
Ay = 50 kN
(2)
By = 80 kN
MD = 0
(45)(4)(2) + (40)(9) + (30)(4)(18) Ay (20) By (16) Cy (4) = 0
C = 150 kN
Fy = 0
A + B + C + D (30)(4) 40 (45)(4) = 0
D = 60 kN
November 2011
2-38 Determine the reactions at the supports A, C, and D. B is pinned.
(MB )right = 0
C (3.3)
(67.5)(1.5) = 0
C = 30.7 kN
(30)(3) = 90 kN
Ax
MA = 0
90(1.5)
67.5 k
Ay
(67.5)(4.5) + C (6.3) + D (2.4) = 0
D = 102.3 kN
Cy
Dx
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.8
Fx = 0
+ 102.3 = 0
= 102.3
Fy = 0
A +C
67.5
A = 126.8 kN
(90)= 0
.
(
November 2011
2-39 Detremine the reactions at supports A and C. Assume that support at A is

a roller, B is a fixed-connected joint, and C is a pin.
MC = 0
(25)(2.5) + (80)(2)
(4) = 0
= 55.6
Fy = 0
80 +
= 24.4
80 k
=0
2m
2m
Ay
25 kN
Fx = 0
2 .5 m
25 = 0
Cx
= 25
Cy
( )
.
(
2 .5 m
( ):
( )
November 2011
2-40 Detremine the reactions at supports A and B. Assume that support at B is a

roller, C is a fixed-connected joint.
MA = 0
(5)
350(2.5)
= 255
Fy = 0
= 95
Fx = 0
75 + 50
= 125
(75)(4)
(50)(2) = 0
350 kN
75 kN
2 .5 m
2 m
2 .5 m
By
50 kN
350 = 0
2 m
Ax
Ay
=0
:
.
(
November 2011
2-41 Determine the reactions at the supports A and B.

(MD )right = 0
45)(3) + (
)(6) = 0
= 22.5
(MC )right = 0
( 27)(4.5)
(45 )( 7.5) + (
)(10.5) + (
= 37.125 kN
Fx = 0
= 117
(67.5)(4.5)
MA
Ay
27
(27)(13.5)
(19.5) + (
45 = 0
)(6) = 0
= 749.25
(
By
Ax
(7.5) (9)
MA = 0
45 kN
67.5 kN
= 37.125
27 kN
Bx
= 0
Fy = 0
)(6) = 0
(45)(16.5)
November 2011
2-44 Detremine the reactions at supports A and B. The joints C and D are fixed
connected.
MA = 0
3
4
F (4.5) + F (2)
5
5
F = 9.375 kN
Fy = 0
A +
30 kN
4
B
5
Ay = 22.5 kN
Fx = 0
3
B
5
30(1.5) = 0
30 = 0
1.5 m
2m
1.5 m
4m
FB
Ax
=0
Ay
Ax = 5.63 kN
November 2011
2-45 Detremine the horizontal and vertical coomponents of reaction at supports

A and B.
(MD )left = 0
(48)(3)
(6) = 0
= 24
Fx = 0
48
2.5 m
X
X
)(2)
(48)(1) = 0
X
Bx
3m
Ax
= 30.8
100 +
2.5 m X
4m
48kN
(5)
Fy = 0
3m
MB = 0
(100)(2.5)
100 kN
= 24
=0
By
Ay
=0
= 69.2
.
(
November 2011
2-47 Determine the reactions at the supports A and C. The frame is pin
connected at A, B, and C and the two joints are fixed connected.
MC = 0
(2)(4)(2) + (8)(1)
+(10)(3)(4.5) (
= 26.5
)( 6) = 0
Fy = 0
8 kN
30 kN
3.5 m
1.5 m
6 kN
1m
2m
6 8 (10)(3) = 0
= 17.5
(MB )left = 0
(10 )(3)(1.5) (
= 8.625
8 kN
2m
Ax
Cx
Ay
) (3) + (
Cy
) (4) = 0
Fx = 0
(2 )(4)
= 0.625
= 0
...
November 2011
2-48 Detremine the horizontal and vertical components of force at the connections
A, B and C. Assume each of these connections is a pin. (Fig. 2-48).
Member AB:
MA = 0
(3.6)
21.6(1.8) = 0
= 10.8
Fy = 0
Fx = 0
21.6
=0
= 10.8
=0
By
(3.9) + 18(2.7) + (13.5)(0.9) = 0

= 15.58
Fy = 0
13.5
= 15.92
Bx
1.8 m
21.6 kN
= 15.58
Cy
By
MC = 0
10.8
C
Cx
Bx B
Member BC:
Fx = 0
18 kN
13.5 kN
1.2 m
0.9 m
1.8 m
1.8 m
18 +
=0
A
c
Ax
Ay
=0
= 10.8
November 2011
2-50. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at the

supports A, B, and C. Assume that the frame is pin connected at A, B, D, E, and
F, and there is a fixed connected joint at C.
(MD )left = 0
(
)(3) + (8)(3)(1.5) = 0
= 12
(ME )left = 0
= 10
= 0
Fx = 0
(8)( 3)
)( 3) +
Fy = 0
A + B +
(
By
Cy
)(3) = 0;
( 4)
(4) = 0
)(3)
= 0
= 12
( )(3) = 0;
(ME )right = 0
36
Ay
= 0;
(MF )right = 0
M
Cx
MC
(20)(2) + (8 )(3)(1.5)
(ME)
Ax
= 36 kN. m
(12)( 2) = 0
20 12 = 0
= 6
B = 16 kN

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November 2011

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3 n but all reactions are parallel.

3 n but all reactions are concurrent.

Determinacy (provided of stability):

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No gains without pains

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Example 2-3 Classify each of the following beams as statically determinate or

Compound beams, which are composed of pin-connected members

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2-5 Classify each of the following frames as statically determinate or statically

This frame has no closed loops.

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The compound beam is stable. Its also indeterminate to the second

The member is unstable since the three reactions are concurrent at B.

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The structure is unstable since r = 7, n = 3, so that r < 3n, 7 < 9.

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2-9 Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically

Statically indeterminate to the first degree

Statically indeterminate to the first degree

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2-10 classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically

(d) lower is beam is unstable.

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2-11. Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

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2-12 classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

(d) unstable since all reactions are parallel

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classify each of the frames as statically determinate, statically indeterminate, or

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2-14 classify each of the frames as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

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classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate,

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A (6.3) + 36(4.2 + 2.1) + 18(7.5) = 0

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2-19. Determine the reactions on the beam.

B (4.5) 135 (0.9) 202.5 (3.15) 60.75 (3.6) = 0

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2-20 Detremine the reactions on the beam.

(30)(7.2) + (0.5)(15)(7.2) =270 kN

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2-21 Detremine the reactions on the beam.

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11.25(1.2) + 27(2.4 + 3.6)

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If you fail to plan,

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(10)(3) + (35)(3) + (25)(7)

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(7 * 12 * 3.5) + (30 * 8) + (20 * 14) (Ay * 8) = 0

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