"

f'

I j .:1 ~.

l"
r

STU.DY 'OF REACTIVE .FORCES I.N' SIMPLE ANb~cOMPOUND BEAMS

Aim
: Verification of EQUILIBRIUM of coplanar parallel forces,',

l
t

Theory

: Equilibrium; A body is said to be in equilibrium when all active

and reactive forces acting on the body balance each other. Defined by the equations/Conditions of eq'uilibrium as below

2:Fx = 0
2:Fy = 0 2:M @ any axis/point
,

l
I
Object

=0
.

Free Body Diagram (FBD) : An isolated view of a body showing all active and reactive forces acting on it is called FBD.
: To determine the support reactions of a simply supported beam and compound beam for different applied loads at different locations and verify it analytically. Beam reaction apparatus, weights with hangers, 1m scale.

I
: I

Apparatus:
Procedure:

[
I

l
\

1. Support the simple beam on spring balance & hangers as shown in sketch. 2. Note down initial reading on balance A (left) & B ( right). 3. Place loads W1, W2, W3on beam at distances L1' L21L3from support A respectively. 4. Note down readings RAIRBon spring balance A & B respectively. 5. Repeat the process for changing loads and distances. 6. Setup the compound beam as shown. Take the readings and repeat the process as for simple beam, including the readings for balance at C and weights and their distances on lower beam. 7. Take minimum five set of observations for simple and compound beam both.
\ \

- I-

i ,; ,yl

---

,-:,

observation Table: -

-'.
-

-' --

,-

1. SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

,

mm (Span is horizontal distance between supporting

Span of beam LAB

= ---------------L3 W1 (mm) (N)

points A & B on beam) RA (N) expo ana. RB (N) expo ana. % error RA RB

'] r L

SN

L1 L2 (mm) (mm)

W2 (N)

W3 (N)

r J
,

~] \ jf, I [

-" -r) ; ; --"' ,

"1 .\ \
SN

2. COMPOUND BEAM

-- mm Span of beam AB (LAB) = Span of beam CD (lcD) = ------------------mm

L2 (mm) L3 (mm)

~-~ -'-,I -r j __l. ",. .<. " :] ." < _.L " ~ , ~ ,. -:l " , . .~. -, B
I -~i f J.;~ , ..11 '" J.~ :m

L1 (mm)

4
(mm)

W1 (N)

W2 (N)

W3 (N)

W4 (N)

Rc (N)

RA (N)
exp ana.

RB (N)
expo ana.

% error

.
-, ,

RA

RB

I ! : I t , ; 1 1 . . I t !

ji ,::~ .
" :_ , 4 :;.:'

, ' ~Y. "

-2-

CalCulations
1

~1
-

i J :.ofT

~~ t~ebeam is in equilibrium,J . . LFx = 0, LFy = 0, LM @ any point = 0 Since no force is acting along x, IFx

= 0 'is redundant equation.

1. SIMPLYSUPPORTEDBEAM
Resolve the forces along vertical that is along y direction, LFy = RA + RB - W1 -W2 - W3 = 0 Taking moments @ A, .

(I)

jl
r1

LM
RB

RB X

LAB

- W 1 X L1 - W 2 X L2

- W3 X

L3 ,=

..0

( II )

= --------------------------------------LAB

W1 X L1 + W2 x L2 + W3 x L3

l
)J
:~II
).
J,"

From equation ( I )
I

RA

= W1 + W2 + W3

RB

2. COMPOUNDBEAM
First solve the beam CD I by considering its FBD. Taking moments @ D I :LM = Rc x LCD- W3 X L3 Rc =

- W4 X L4 = 0

-II
,i'1I
,j'

--------------Lr.n

W3x L3 + W",x L4

-""] I ~.
!

Solving beam AB next The reaction Rc at C will act as a downward load for a beam AB. Taking moments about A,

,.L! \'
j.
,,'t

LM
.

= W1X L1 + W 2 x L2 + Rc x LAc
------------------------------------------LAB

RB X LAB
I

I ,
I

. "1"

~
. .,~

RB --

W1 X L1 + W2X L2 + Rc x LAc

I
I

I \

->-11
I I

IFy=
.,
.

W1+W2+Rc-RA-RB W 1 + W 2 + Rc - RB }

ii
I i

_L,
. .

J1

[~~ =

.-

I i i
i

J,]

i
- 3-

L -J

-Sources of errors
1. 2. 3. 4.

.
-

--i

d
,~
,.1

Results! Conclusion: 1. 2. 3. 4.

\I

J
~~. J

I
I

:; ]
,. .
i

Checklist for expected

minimum submission:

J
1

}
-

'J'

'f
. ':,.t
.

.' 1. Proportional, neat and labeled sketches of a. simple beam. b. Compound beam. Showing beam apparatus, balances at A ,8 ,C etc. , hanging weights. ~. Sample calculations for both beams. '-3. Observation tables for both beams complete.
.

4. Conclusion and sources of errors listed.

5. Places of practical applications of both type of beams. Note: This is mention of minimum required submission only.Extra information, sketches, knowledge upgrading notes, presentations, relevant intemet collections etc. added to submission work deserves due weightage. Reference!s : 1. Engineering mechanics:Statics & Dynamics, Shames Irving H., 3rd Ed., 1993 Printice Hall- New Delhi. 2. Engineering mechanics:Statics & Dynamics, R.C. Hibbeler , 5th Ed., 1989 Macmillan publishing company.

:'
,
,_.

:j
r,il
~
:~~
,

'
..,
" L

',;;( ,

. .i. :'
"J
, ,

-'"'

,. .;~~ .:; .
,

..1",' i

,.;ot

:.>;i'

I i
"

I ] -4-

b:~

~
,

~I .}I

~~

STUDY OF REACT~VE FORCES IN SIMPLE AND COMPOUND BEAMS

~XPERIMENT At SETUV
Spring balance

SIMPLE

BEAM SETUP

Spring balance

COMPOUND BEAM SETUP -5.